[HN Gopher] The Google Nest Hub is first commercial Fuchsia device
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Google Nest Hub is first commercial Fuchsia device
        
       Author : moh_maya
       Score  : 174 points
       Date   : 2021-05-25 18:39 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | refulgentis wrote:
       | The comments on this article are disappointing.
       | 
       | The first major open source kernel since Linux, and somewhat
       | arguably OS X, has been released.
       | 
       | I was looking forward to commentary on that, not blinkered
       | commentary complaining this exists when Android/ChromeOS do
       | already (the error there is Android is a window manager + runtime
       | on top of a kernel, ChromeOS is a window manager) or how
       | performance reviews should be run.
        
         | CarelessExpert wrote:
         | I disagree. The comments, here, give some real meta-insight
         | into how Google is seen in the tech world: As an unreliable
         | partner.
         | 
         | Google has clearly and profoundly lost the confidence of the
         | broader tech community.
         | 
         | In particular, Google's history of starting and cancelling
         | random projects helps explain why people are wondering _why_
         | Google is releasing Fuschia: without some understanding of
         | their motivations, it 's impossible to trust that it'll
         | actually have any kind of extended lifespan.
         | 
         | For all we know, Fuschia, Android, and ChromeOS are basically
         | the OS equivalent of Hangouts, Meet, Allo, and Duo, in which
         | case becoming in any way reliant on it is a huge mistake.
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | I probably won't reply past this, any thread on Google is a
           | karma sink because it'd require Google users backing me up
           | here but...the analogy completely breaks, immediately.
           | 
           | Hangouts _is_ Meet and Allo, if it weren't for the constant
           | migration notices leading to constant commentary no one would
           | be the wiser, you log into Gmail and chat just like you did
           | 10 years ago.
           | 
           | Duo's a featured product, people go too far and think it's
           | "yet another video chat app", but, they're forgetting Google
           | has to offer both FaceTime _and_ Zoom, it has consumer and
           | corporate customers, the corporate one doesn't need stickers
           | and hats, the consumer one doesn't need meeting links that
           | work in a browser.
        
             | CarelessExpert wrote:
             | > Hangouts _is_ Meet and Allo, if it weren't for the
             | constant migration notices leading to constant commentary
             | no one would be the wiser,
             | 
             | So, let's say that's true (and bluntly, after the Hangouts
             | EOL notice I just jumped ship entirely to Signal as,
             | frankly, I couldn't be bothered to figure out what the heck
             | Google was doing), and that Allo and Meet--which are
             | marketed as two different products--are somehow seamlessly
             | integrated with the rest of the Google ecosystem so that
             | you didn't actually need to grok the differences.
             | 
             | Assuming that was true, Google still _completely botched
             | the communication_ , and believe it or not, marketing and
             | communication are really damn important. Google could have
             | the greatest technology ever, but they're _perceived_ as
             | being unreliable, and both their words and their actions
             | reinforce that perception.
             | 
             | So, maybe in this specific example, the transition wasn't
             | as traumatic is the flat out cancellation of Reader or
             | Plus. But in the end, the communication was so muddled that
             | it ultimately doesn't matter because to the rest of the
             | world outside the Google bubble it just looks like yet
             | another example of Google being Google.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | '...perceived as being unreliable...'
               | 
               | AFAICT, the primary effect is that HN commentary on any
               | google release has approximately zero SNR. Some back-room
               | team could cure cancer and the HN thread would be 90%
               | complaints about Reader. Compare/contrast the vast
               | numbers of dead github projects, dead startups, and dead
               | code generally. (Also, who the fsck calls the
               | cancellation of plus traumatic?? That's comedy gold.)
               | 
               | This is an open source release under the MIT license. You
               | can use it, fork it, or ignore it...
        
         | kemonocode wrote:
         | At best, it'll be something others will be able to leverage and
         | make forks out of, and thanks to its permissive license, they
         | won't have that pesky requirement to make the source code of
         | their fork available. At worst, it'll be yet another product
         | abandoned in a couple years by Google because it failed to meet
         | some ludicrous goals that are out of reach for 99% of the
         | companies in the world anyway. Such is the way people see
         | Google nowadays, and can you really blame us?
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > The first major open source kernel since Linux, and somewhat
         | arguably OS X, has been released.
         | 
         | Depending on your definitions, OpenSolaris and Redox would
         | object. And it's open sourced in a way that's designed to
         | support making proprietary products, so you'll forgive my not
         | really celebrating.
        
       | mabbo wrote:
       | Many years ago, I interned at Google and a very wise mentor of
       | mine explained Google to me in a way that has stuck with me.
       | 
       | "Google discovered a hose that money poured out of. It's called
       | 'online advertising'. All that we do now is find ways to make
       | that hose go faster, and desperately search for another hose."
       | 
       | Why does Google develop 3+ different OS's? In case one of them is
       | a money hose. Why has Google created thousands of products, only
       | to cancel most of them once people fell in love? Because they
       | decided that they weren't money hoses.
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | This seems like a pretty flawed strategy to me. Lots of
         | improbable products turned into multi-billion dollar companies.
         | Tiny videos set to music, watching other people play video
         | games, liking pictures of food, and so on. It seems to me that
         | it's less about the product and more about the execution. There
         | are lots of Google products that could have taken off if they
         | had been iterated instead of abandoned. Take Apple as one
         | example. They develop a product vision, then spend several
         | versions refining the thing till it goes from a curiosity to a
         | must have. Or look at Facebook with Oculus, they had a vision
         | and released headset after headset, till they found a feature
         | set that had the user engagement metrics they were looking for.
         | They didn't just give up once the Gear VR proved to be a dead-
         | end, which is exactly what Google did with their VR efforts and
         | then cleanly missed the boat Oculus is on now with the Quest.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | How exactly does a random piece of IoT junk that looks like it
         | could come from any single one of countless fly-by-night
         | manufacturers in Shenzen (namely the "Nest Hub" that's now
         | running some version of Fuchsia, per the OP) turn into a money-
         | making firehose for Google? Just curious, because I'm having
         | trouble seeing how this could make sense.
        
           | mabbo wrote:
           | The problem is that many good ideas only look good in
           | hindsight.
           | 
           | In 15 years, we'll either say "Fuchsia was a brilliant move,
           | I'm so glad my home runs on that OS" or we'll say "Remember
           | Fuchsia? lol".
           | 
           | Here's what I mean. Acquisitions by Google in 2005:
           | Reqwireless (mobile ads, merged with google analytics);
           | Dodgeball (social networking, later Google Latitude); Akwan
           | (Search tech); Skia (graphics library); Phatbits (Google
           | Desktop); allPAY (???); bruNET (???); Android (cheap OS for
           | mobile devices).
           | 
           | In 2005, which of these were going to change the world?
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Advertising/influence depends on two things: 1) Knowing what
           | you're thinking (e.g. the search request you speak to your
           | Nest Hub) 2) Presenting messages to you (e.g. displaying
           | search results/suggestions/ads on the Nest Hub screen in your
           | home)
        
           | Jyaif wrote:
           | Gee, how could the entry point to all the devices around you
           | ever become a money making firehose?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > All that we do now is find ways to make that hose go faster,
         | and desperately search for another hose.
         | 
         | There's one other thing Google does a lot of: try to foresee
         | and actively forestall how someone else might cut-off or divert
         | the flow to the existing hose. While both Chrome and Android
         | evolved in directions that explored potential new hoses, they
         | were clearly both initially directed at protecting the existing
         | hose from being choked off or diverted by monopolies on the
         | client side; Android was purchased and engineered to prevent
         | Apple gaining the kind of dominance in mobile to do that,
         | Chrome and Chrome OS against the desktop Windows monopoly and
         | IE.
         | 
         | Google+ was deployed against Facebook and abandoned once it was
         | clear that Facebook's position, while making it something of a
         | competitor for ad dollars, wasn't, even without a competitive
         | Google alternative, an existential threat to Google's money
         | hose.
        
           | lern_too_spel wrote:
           | This is the big one that people forget. Android itself isn't
           | there to force tracking and marketing on users. It's there to
           | prevent somebody else from controlling mobile devices and
           | being a gatekeeper between Google's services and users. As
           | long as nobody else can prevent Google from reaching users,
           | Google doesn't care that people can run Android without
           | Google services.
           | 
           | In practice, poor development practices and incompetent
           | product management has left some bits hard to change. The
           | search provider used to be hardcoded with no way for the user
           | to override it. That only changed when some early Android
           | phones began shipping with Bing as the default. To this day,
           | it is impossible to allow any non-system app store to update
           | apps in the background. This hasn't changed only because
           | Amazon, Samsung, and many other OEMs failed to get developer
           | traction with their own app stores. Now that there are
           | antitrust rumblings, Google has hinted they will finally fix
           | this, but once again, this isn't a threat to the core Android
           | strategy of removing gatekeepers.
        
             | jolux wrote:
             | > Android itself isn't there to force tracking and
             | marketing on users. It's there to prevent somebody else
             | from controlling mobile devices and being a gatekeeper
             | between Google's services and users.
             | 
             | It can be, and is, both.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | If that were the case, it would require more data
               | collection than competitors and force ads. Instead, you
               | can trivially get your location on Android devices (even
               | those sold by Google) without telling Google. You cannot
               | on iOS. You can install apps on your Android device
               | without telling Google. You can develop apps for your own
               | device without telling Google. To do any of these things
               | on iOS requires exploiting a vulnerability.
               | 
               | Similarly, Google doesn't give itself a privileged
               | separate settings for marketing data collection that
               | ignore global settings. https://support.apple.com/en-
               | us/HT202074
               | 
               | If the point of Android were data collection and
               | marketing, Google would abuse configurability of data
               | collection at least as much as Apple does, but it does
               | not, not even on devices that Google itself sells.
        
               | fragileone wrote:
               | Google Play Services is essential for most features a
               | user would expect in a modern mobile phone. For running
               | bank apps (SafetyNet), many maps apps or apps that
               | include maps (eg Uber, Tinder - due to Google Maps API),
               | push notifications, etc. It's absolutely used to lock-in
               | users to the Google ecosystem and discourage them from
               | degoogling.
        
         | KorematsuFred wrote:
         | > Google develop 3+ different OS's?
         | 
         | It wont. From what I understand this new OS will replace others
         | over time. Also it is way better than existing options.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | That's a wild leap with zero evidence. Fuchsia runs on one
           | unimportant production device and has basically zero usage.
           | Saying it will replace all of Android and ChromeOS
           | is...optimistic to say the least.
        
             | tristanj wrote:
             | Project 'Fuchsia': Google Is Quietly Working on a Successor
             | to Android
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-19/google-
             | te...
             | 
             | > _For more than two years, a small and stealthy group of
             | engineers within Google has been working on software that
             | they hope will eventually replace Android._
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19702968
             | 
             | > _" And while Android is reaching EOL in the next 4-5
             | years, most of this work will be carried on in Fuchsia OS,
             | which is set to eventually replace Android"_
        
               | nicetryguy wrote:
               | > "And while Android is reaching EOL in the next 4-5
               | years"
               | 
               | I wouldn't bet on it. Sounds like IBM OS2 all over again.
        
           | willtim wrote:
           | Better than all existing options? I'm skeptical that a kernel
           | written in C++ is likely to be better than e.g. a formally
           | verified microkernel such as seL4. If they ever rewrite it in
           | Rust, then it might be more interesting.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | I am not a microkernel expert, but why is Zircon better than
           | QNX as used in the final Blackberry handset?
           | 
           | QNX appears to already be in every market where Fuchsia wants
           | to go.
           | 
           | Google could have bought Blackberry and used QNX in Android
           | 5, rolling it up to Chromebooks. Why was this not the path
           | they chose?
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | This would be another benefit of antitrust scrutiny for the
         | tech giants.
         | 
         | They're not _innovating_ at this point. They 're twiddling
         | thumbs.
         | 
         | If we broke up Apple, Google, Facebook, and Amazon, then they'd
         | be forced to fight for survival.
         | 
         | Struggle births innovation.
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | Also, Google's internal politics are kind of broken. It's my
         | understanding that a lot of the product launches and
         | cancellations are a consequence of an internal culture that
         | rewards launching new products, but not maintaining or
         | improving them.
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | I suspect that this is a consequence of the above problem.
           | Something that's pretty successful and growing at a pretty
           | good clip is not a giant spigot of money, and therefore it's
           | effectively useless to Google. Maintaining it requires
           | programmers that could be better put to searching for the
           | next spigot.
        
           | mlazos wrote:
           | People say this all the time about every company. For many
           | this is true, when seen from the narrow perspective of an
           | individual. However for the only metric that people care
           | about (stock price and profit) Google's system is incredibly
           | successful. Higher ups will not dictate changes like this if
           | the company is successful. Culture change at the macro level
           | only happens when the company is spiraling at the macro
           | level.
        
           | ortusdux wrote:
           | As I understand it, higher level promotions require a
           | portfolio be compiled and submitted to an anonymous review
           | board. A successful product launch is one of the most
           | valuable additions to these packets.
           | 
           | This has two logistical consequences: 1 - it's more valuable
           | to launch a new product that it is to successfully
           | maintain/grow a current one. 2 - the person running these new
           | projects tends to get promoted away, leaving it rudderless.
           | 
           | Google could change all this overnight by restructuring what
           | these review boards prioritize.
        
             | est31 wrote:
             | If a solution is that simple, why hasn't it been done?
             | Also, the head of Android has become the CEO, and Android
             | is still not rudderless.
        
               | s3r3nity wrote:
               | Because the system works? Why fix what isn't broken?
        
               | jolux wrote:
               | It works for some things but they've kind of painted
               | themselves into a corner with cloud services, many
               | companies do not trust that GCP will not just disappear
               | without a trace someday.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > product launches and cancellations are a consequence of an
           | internal culture that rewards launching new products, but not
           | maintaining or improving them
           | 
           | This is very stale information at this point. Product
           | launches are now pretty heavily gated, and promotion criteria
           | are far less based on launches than on overall impact,
           | including but not limited to improving/maintaining products.
           | 
           | (Googler but interpretation is my own)
        
           | opheliate wrote:
           | People always say this on HN, and while it's definitely a
           | viable explanation for why Google so often cans projects that
           | are well-loved, I'm finding it harder to believe the more I
           | think about it. If all of us on the outside are so aware of
           | this fact about Google's culture, surely _someone_ with sway
           | has heard about it, and taken steps to fix it. I'm sure
           | Google are well aware of the perception that they're always
           | getting rid of products, and would like to fix that. So if
           | the explanation was just that the culture doesn't reward
           | maintaining existing projects, I'm sure we would have heard
           | _something_ about a corporate incentive to maintain stuff.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | I hate the word, but if there's one thing google has it's
             | analytics - data. They can tell if something is growing or
             | dying. I'm guessing they could even tell youtube was
             | growing before they bought it. But seeing an upward trend
             | seems easier than seeing a flat line and deciding it can't
             | be turned into an upward trend.
        
             | CarelessExpert wrote:
             | > So if the explanation was just that the culture doesn't
             | reward maintaining existing projects, I'm sure we would
             | have heard something about a corporate incentive to
             | maintain stuff.
             | 
             | So, two things:
             | 
             | 1) Changing culture is _really hard_ , especially at a
             | company the size of Google, and
             | 
             | 2) Even if they could change the culture, it's possible
             | they simply don't care or they believe the benefits
             | outweigh the cost.
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | Neither OP or GP have it right - Fuchsia isn't a "3rd OS",
           | it's a kernel, like Linux, except MIT. Maintenance is most
           | certainly rewarded, at least in the 5 years I've been at
           | Google
        
             | mike_d wrote:
             | Eh. If you've been at Google for 5 years then you should
             | recognize Fuchsia as another one of the "retention
             | projects" where you get paid to twiddle away at something
             | cool in the corner and your only real deliverable is not
             | going to work for Facebook or Apple.
             | 
             | Sometimes they stumble upon something another PA needs, but
             | often it just ends up as a patent or research paper.
        
               | rejectedandsad wrote:
               | Facebook or Apple? Not Amazon or Microsoft?
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | I can forthrightly say you're way, way, off the mark
               | here. Another common anecdote in any Fuchsia article, one
               | I myself believed at times, but not the case here.
               | 
               | Edit: one of the many, many signs HN has deteriorated to
               | a poor clone of subreddit combos is getting downvoted for
               | knowing that this isn't a do-nothing project, which
               | should be obvious to anyone reading: the whole point of
               | the article is _it is launching on consumer hardware_.
               | Sad stuff.
        
               | Bud wrote:
               | I'm interested: can you name even one more of the
               | supposed "many, many signs"? The only one you elucidated
               | doesn't really click; nor can I discern that HN is, by
               | any stretch, a "poor clone" of anything about Reddit. HN
               | has, in fact, many virtues that Reddit can't really
               | touch, and it's basically just as old as Reddit, not that
               | Reddit really invented anything that hadn't already
               | existed for decades.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Look no further than you're being _upvoted_ for
               | quintupling down on inanity completely divorced from the
               | article that's we're supposed to be discussing, even with
               | schoolyard inanity like "can you name even one thing
               | backing up your thesis statement?"
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | "Please don't post comments saying that HN is turning
               | into Reddit. It's a semi-noob illusion, as old as the
               | hills."
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | ryandvm wrote:
               | I find these playground rule recitations to be a rather
               | lily-livered way of stifling discussion. This is a forum
               | and we're here to discuss things. Lest you forget, the
               | _users_ and their opinions are the most valuable part of
               | Hacker News, so how about we dispense with the self-
               | appointed hall monitoring? I really don't give a shit if
               | there's a commandment about not comparing HN to Reddit.
               | If the shoe fits...
        
               | new_realist wrote:
               | And if HN did turn into Reddit, how would we know, given
               | that we're gagged?
        
               | xvector wrote:
               | Why would Google pay employees to not go to Apple?
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | The only competition for the giants are the other giants.
               | 
               | Who can divert from Google's massive ad income funnel?
               | 
               | Apple.
               | 
               | Facebook.
               | 
               | (Also maybe several foreign governments' antitrust
               | cases.)
               | 
               | An engineer on your payroll is an engineer not on the
               | competition's payroll.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Because Google has infinite money, the execs just hire
               | people so they can admire the zoo of smart people they've
               | built. Why do they need Vint Cerf, Guido, and Rob Pike?
               | Why are they on the MIDI board? Because there's no real
               | reason not to.
        
               | 1024core wrote:
               | Guido hasn't been at Google since 2013
        
               | therealrootuser wrote:
               | I don't have an opinion either way on your position here,
               | other than a fact check.
               | 
               | Guido van Rossum (creator of Python) is a Distinguished
               | Engineer at Microsoft. Before that, he worked at Dropbox.
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | Before that, he was at Google. Failing to retain an
               | employee doesn't invalidate that Google would rather they
               | didn't leave.
               | 
               | I get the quarterly check-ins from the "alumni
               | recruiting" team, and can assume Guido does too.
        
             | gjsman-1000 wrote:
             | Actually, it is a 3rd OS named Fuchsia, which uses a custom
             | kernel called Zircon which is MIT.
             | 
             | "Zircon is the core platform that powers Fuchsia. Zircon is
             | composed of a kernel (source in /zircon/kernel) as well as
             | a small set of userspace services, drivers, and libraries
             | (source in /zircon/system/) necessary for the system to
             | boot, talk to hardware, load userspace processes and run
             | them, etc. Fuchsia builds a much larger OS on top of this
             | foundation."
             | 
             | - Fuchsia Docs, https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-
             | src/concepts/kernel
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | This is also typical of mismanaged governments:
           | 
           | Always building new infrastructure, and not maintaining the
           | existing one.
        
         | ranguna wrote:
         | Isn't that most private companies ?
         | 
         | Searching for sources of income ?
        
           | mandelken wrote:
           | No, most private companies are not monopolies (although many
           | would not mind I guess).
           | 
           | It seems online advertising has a strong network effect[1],
           | where website owners use Google ads because that's where most
           | advertisers are and advertisers use Google ads because it has
           | most reach (and therefore tracking). This naturally creates a
           | monopoly, just like with Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, AirBnB,
           | Uber etc.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | I think it's telling that they are 'launching' this with a
       | product that barely matters in their product portfolio. That
       | indicates to me that they don't see this as an Android killer
       | just yet. A bold move would have been to put this on the next
       | Pixel. Clearly, that's not happening. If that was at all
       | feasible, they would have waited for that and that would have
       | been the grand launch. So, clearly it's nowhere near ready for
       | such a launch.
       | 
       | Their main issue with this is that OEMs like Samsung probably are
       | not in any hurry whatsoever to jump on board and be even more
       | dependent on Google. Without OEMs, app developers will drag their
       | heels as well and Google is forced to maintain Android and not do
       | a half-assed job of it. At this point Google has Android in cars,
       | tvs, on phones, etc. Killing that would be suicidal; Google needs
       | users interacting with their ads.
       | 
       | If they botch the Fuchsia launch somehow, they'd have more OEMs
       | taking things in their own hands and cutting loose from Google
       | and forking Android (like Amazon and Huawei already did). They
       | clearly are not ready to pull the plug on Fuchsia just yet but at
       | this point it's a more than likely outcome. IMHO, they should
       | just rip off the band-aid and move on. Most of what is wrong with
       | Android is fixable.
        
         | mamcx wrote:
         | Contrast with Apple: M1 and pump! launched it the major selling
         | laptop.
         | 
         | That is how you know Apple _mean business_.
         | 
         | And this is how you know fucsia/google will not.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | Apple has been launching the "M1" piece by piece for years
           | now. They started with Qualcomm/PowerVR cores and ended up
           | with custom designs over years of iterative product launches.
           | 
           | I have no idea why do you think M1 is such a green field
           | effort when it obviously shares so much of it's design with A
           | series SoCs you've been seeing in your favorite iDevice.
        
           | rvz wrote:
           | You do realise that Apple's M1 processor + OS porting was a
           | 10 year goal to produce the results that you see before you?
           | 
           | Several years ago [0], the same ones here were calling
           | Fuchsia dead since 2016 - 2018 and theoretically today it
           | should already have died. Today Google has surprised the
           | skeptics here and just released Fuchsia 1.0 on a real device
           | (earlier than expected) and now you're already calling it
           | dead again?
           | 
           | This whole thread sounds like a Linux meltdown club to me. In
           | fact, Google is taking / controlling Fuchsia in the same
           | direction as to what Apple has always done with iOS / macOS
           | and its own silicon.
           | 
           | Perhaps when this decade ends, you will be looking at this
           | comment (and this one [1]) via a phone running Fuchsia.
           | 
           | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17568335
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22005286
        
           | justapassenger wrote:
           | Where else could've they launched it? It's not like Apple has
           | tons of HW products that require M1.
           | 
           | If Google would chose to launch Fuchsia as a base of next
           | Android and force all OEMs on it, that would mean people
           | managing release should be fired, as that's not how you stage
           | major changes.
        
             | mamcx wrote:
             | > and force all OEMs ????
             | 
             | This not make much sense, but if Google launched it in his
             | own, then at least some OEMs could go along (supposing
             | Fucsia is good, I don't know which could their selling
             | point)
        
         | Daishiman wrote:
         | There's a gigantic difference in developer effort to make an
         | appliance OS versus a full-featured mobile OS.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | They are clearly having commitment issues for that.
        
             | Daishiman wrote:
             | I don't see it that way. Reinventing a mobile OS is a huge
             | undertaking and it makes little sense to do it just as an
             | experiment.
        
         | remus wrote:
         | > I think it's telling that they are 'launching' this with a
         | product that barely matters in their product portfolio. That
         | indicates to me that they don't see this as an Android killer
         | just yet. A bold move would have been to put this on the next
         | Pixel. Clearly, that's not happening. If that was at all
         | feasible, they would have waited for that and that would have
         | been the grand launch. So, clearly it's nowhere near ready for
         | such a launch.
         | 
         | That seems like a good thing to me. Personally I'm not very
         | interested in an OS that's 'bold', I want an OS that's stable
         | and well tested and releasing slowly on a limited set of
         | devices seems a good way of doing that.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > I think it's telling that they are 'launching' this with a
         | product that barely matters in their product portfolio.
         | 
         | It's certainly the best way to immediately get it a whole lot
         | of real world use and feedback with basically zero sales
         | effort, and its economical since it lets them transfer
         | resources allocation from supporting a dead-end effort to a
         | live one.
         | 
         | > A bold move would have been to put this on the next Pixel.
         | 
         | "Bold" is sexy, but not the same as smart long-term strategy in
         | many cases.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | Another way of looking at it is that it probably takes a really
         | long time to bring up an operating system to the point where it
         | is production-ready.
         | 
         | It would be easier to do if you can target one hardware
         | platform that does not change so that you don't have to also
         | shift gears. If you're building the Great Pyramid, you don't
         | want to also move it to a new construction site when it's half-
         | completed.
         | 
         | Launching on hardware that was already released could mean they
         | gave themselves that time. By the time they're finished (now),
         | the hardware is old.
        
         | summerlight wrote:
         | > A bold move would have been to put this on the next Pixel.
         | 
         | Which will delay the next Pixel at least several years while
         | causing a unprecedented level of fragmentation in the Android
         | ecosystem? BTW, I don't expect this kind of experimental
         | projects can live without reaching any milestones. Replacing
         | Android with Fuchsia is just not a feasible option at this
         | moment.
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | Linux was, AFAIK, the last GPL component of Android.
        
       | remir wrote:
       | I think this is great! Obviously Google has been working on
       | porting Fuchsia to the Nest Hub for a while and I think they made
       | the right call by deploying it to this kind of device first. They
       | will get more users to test it in real life scenarios. At the
       | same time, it's not a device that people use in mission critical
       | situation, so if there's issues, it won't cause an uproar.
       | 
       | I could see the rest of their portfolio migrating to Fuchsia OS
       | eventually, including both Chrome OS and Android.
        
       | CarelessExpert wrote:
       | Who wants to start a betting pool for when they cancel the
       | project now that it's officially released into the world? I'm
       | going with 2025. Just enough time for it to build up some
       | momentum before they pull the rug out from under the user base!
        
         | watermelon0 wrote:
         | If this can possibly replace Android, WearOS (or recently
         | announced WearOS/Tizen mashup), and ChromeOS, it's quite
         | possible that Fucshia is here to stay.
         | 
         | Android apps and Chrome can easily run on a different OS, the
         | only problem are device drivers, but I'm sure Google is in a
         | position to persuade manufacturers to provide drivers for their
         | OS.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> If this can possibly replace Android, WearOS (or recently
           | announced WearOS/Tizen mashup), and ChromeOS, it's quite
           | possible that Fucshia is here to stay.
           | 
           | So they can cancel more products if they keep Fuchsia!
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't repeat shallow-dismissal cliches and particularly
         | not with added snark. You may not owe $BigCo better, but you
         | owe this community better if you're participating in it.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | Eridrus wrote:
         | Sure, define your terms & odds, I'll take your money.
        
       | s3r3nity wrote:
       | ChromeOS, Android, WearOS, Fuchsia, Fitbit OS...
       | 
       | Doesn't that make 5? (Potentially dumb question, I know...)
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Capability Based Security is a proven solution to computer
       | security problems that arose in the Viet Nam conflict. Those
       | problems keep cropping up here almost daily.
       | 
       | The simple truth is that access control lists aren't up to the
       | task of protecting systems with persistent internet connections
       | and mobile code. A Windows or Linux machine can not ever be made
       | secure.
       | 
       | A microkernel, with the smallest possible attack surface, that
       | never trusts driver code is the way forward. I don't care if the
       | eventual winner is Fuchsia or Genode, all I want is momentum
       | forward out of the morass that is the current Linux/Windows
       | world.
       | 
       | I look forward to trying out Fuchsia and Genode in the next few
       | months, and porting a Forth interpreter to each.
        
         | Eduard wrote:
         | What does the "Viet Nam conflict" have to do with capability-
         | based security?
        
         | lugu wrote:
         | I share your feeling, but I'd rather have a none isolated
         | driver I can trust than an isolated one I cannot trust. My
         | threat model includes fishy OEM doing borderline things.
         | 
         | In driver development I often see abstraction violations or
         | very loose abstractions: news hw capabilities can't be
         | accounted for when designing framework abstractions.
         | 
         | I have never done dev on windows, but I guess there is a reason
         | why the form factor of things running windows is pretty
         | limited. I don't see how you can have fixed interfaces in an
         | ever evolving wold.
        
       | merrvk wrote:
       | It's a damn shame that you have to use flutter, that's all I'd
       | say.
        
         | malkia wrote:
         | what should be used instead?
        
           | NwpierratorR wrote:
           | Android Runtime(ART) obviously.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | You don't, any C++ will do, as well as Java, Swift, etc etc
         | etc. Also, it's a kernel, not a whole window management system
         | + APIs + look & feel like people are reading here
        
       | The_rationalist wrote:
       | Probably the biggest Google vaporware ever
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | They got the vapor wave aesthetics with the name at least
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | Vaporware with shipping units and published source code?
        
       | gher-shyu3i wrote:
       | Worth noting that golang was evaluated and then discarded for
       | fuschia:
       | https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/d...
        
       | hourislate wrote:
       | Just another bot net from Google. How much personal information
       | will these devices running this new OS capture/steal? No
       | thanks....
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | In all seriousness - how is that any different from ChromeOS or
         | Android? It's not like the kernel is what determines privacy
         | issues.
        
         | logicslave wrote:
         | Ahhaha... Google is basically just a large data collecting bot
         | net
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
         | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us something._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Huh, genuinely thought this was a research kernel type situation.
       | But they have a display manager and everything built in to it.
       | Wonder why they're using a different kernel instead of using
       | Linux.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tmccrary55 wrote:
         | Google doesn't control Linux.
         | 
         | I guess a microkernel is pretty cool though, the academic
         | ideal.
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | Linux is GPL.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | I'm suprised to find people surprised at the development of a new
       | OS. Linux is around 30 years old; Unix and C are around _50 years
       | old_.
       | 
       | Eventually the parameters of the world and of user needs shift
       | far enough from the original design that it's less expensive to
       | develop something new than to adapt the old thing. Sometimes it's
       | impossible to adapt the old thing: for practical purposes, no
       | amount of work will make C secure.
       | 
       | EDIT: Apparently Fuschia uses C and C++, and uses them
       | exclusively in the kernel (if I understand correctly), and Rust
       | and Dart are permitted for some uses, if this document is up-to-
       | date:
       | https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/d...
       | 
       | It's an impressive run, but the ground has shifted, slowly, under
       | our feet, and now Unix/Linux are no longer a good fit. Let's not
       | be conservative; let's do what our smarter predecessors did and
       | embrace change.
       | 
       | Fuschia is free and open source, per other comments in this
       | thread. If that's true, let's be very thankful that the successor
       | to Unix, if that's what Fuschia becomes, is FOSS. If Google put a
       | proprietary OS on its phones, etc., even if they didn't charge
       | for it, they'd have a lot of market power and they'd be competing
       | with a 50 year old OS. It could be a terrible blow to FOSS.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > It's an impressive run, but the ground has shifted, slowly,
         | under our feet, and now Unix/Linux are no longer a good fit.
         | 
         | Unix is still a good fit for a kernel; e.g. it is used by
         | Apple. The stuff built on top of the kernel (UI, etc.) can
         | change, of course.
        
       | rektide wrote:
       | It's notable that this release has nearly ZERO attempt to market
       | to or engage with 3rd party developers. It is solely for 1st
       | party apps, solely under their control. Google picked a consumer
       | device with extremely limited, contained functionality to target
       | Fuchsia to.
       | 
       | This is an extremely crazy twist for a device that is supposed to
       | play a star, core role in the home, and a strong indicator to me
       | of where we are in the War Against General Purpose Computing.
       | 
       | There are definitely ways for 3rd parties to add to the
       | experience, with the chatbot platform, but it's all expressed in
       | Google's existing mold, via Actions with Google Assistant & other
       | pre-baked systems of manipulation.
        
       | stjo wrote:
       | This makes no sense to me. Why is google building it? They want a
       | more stable experience by using a microkernel and pushing
       | everything to the userland? Maybe this will help with updates and
       | vendors letting their devices rot? Or is it something to do with
       | licensing?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > Why is google building it?
         | 
         | As the longer-payoff/higher-risk companion to Chrome OS as the
         | longer-payoff/higher-risk companion to Android, in a nested
         | generalization of the Poseidon-and-Polaris strategy discussed
         | as a model (among other places) in Mary and Tom Poppendieck's
         | _Implementing Lean Software Development_.
         | 
         | It's kind of a go-to strategy for Google in important markets;
         | when you are essentially made of more money than you can figure
         | out ways to spend, internal diversification so that you
         | literally don't make the choice between the immediately useful
         | but maybe future-limited approach and the longer-time-to-
         | payoff, higher-risk approach less tied to what is currently
         | optimal makes a lot of sense.
        
         | extrapickles wrote:
         | Most OS's out there are unsuitable for making appliances, which
         | this seems aimed at.
         | 
         | Right now your choices are a Realtime OS or Linux. Realtime OS
         | don't support making GUIs and Linux has a lot of foot-guns.
         | 
         | Normally, updates to an appliance are one binary blob, this
         | looks to support all of the various pieces having their own
         | blob, and allow the OS to be updated independently from the
         | application binaries, so security updates can happen without
         | the appliance vendor needing to do anything.
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | QNX is a microkernel RTOS which supported GUIs... but
           | BlackBerry killed off support for using it on the desktop,
           | and BlackBerry phones died out. IDK what else is using QNX
           | technology now.
        
             | kemonocode wrote:
             | Cars [0], apparently.
             | 
             | [0] https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/software-
             | solutions/automotive/...
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Ford uses QNX for SYNC 3, although they are abandoning it
               | and switching to Android Automotive starting with the
               | 2023 model year.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | > Realtime OS don't support making GUIs
           | 
           | My three favorite GUI operating systems, putting aside
           | software support, are iOS, BeOS, and... Photon on QNX.
        
         | kenhwang wrote:
         | It's probably preferable than continuing to use the JVM-clone
         | like it's an OS, while porting Linux to be the actual OS to run
         | their JVM-clone OS.
        
         | AshamedCaptain wrote:
         | Who needs an excuse to keep a lot of very senior OS developers
         | happy to be employees?
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | I can't speak as to their motivations specifically, but one of
         | the things that I've noticed from poking around the kernel API
         | is that the kernel APIs are much more coherently designed than
         | the conventional kernels we have are.
         | 
         | In particular, one of the key design goals appears to be a
         | heavy use of a capabilities-enabled handle-based API, even for
         | more conventional syscalls (e.g., mmap). One of the benefits of
         | this approach is that it simplifies a lot more cross-process
         | management stuff; you can inspect (or edit!) another process's
         | memory maps, for example, with the same system call that a
         | process would use to edit its own. It would also enable
         | something like CreateRemoteThread; it would definitely be far
         | easier to write a debugger for Fuchsia than it is for Linux.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Mach/Darwin/iOS has this and I suppose it's nice, but it does
           | break down when you introduce POSIX compatibility, because
           | you have to deal with the less expressive and insecure
           | concepts like pids and file descriptors there.
        
             | wallscratch wrote:
             | Os noob here, what's less expressive / insecure about PIDs
             | or file descriptors?
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | PIDs and file descriptors are effectively global tables
               | indexed by integers that are reused. This means that you
               | have inherent race conditions: you want to an operation
               | on pid X, but in between the time you decided you want to
               | do it and the time you actually did it, pid X died and a
               | new pid X was created. This is even worse for PIDs, since
               | there's basically nothing you can do to actually have any
               | sort of locking to avoid race conditions.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | Linux has PID namespaces now, so it's not global. But
               | yes, the race conditions you describe are real, and can
               | only be addressed via new API's.
        
         | Daishiman wrote:
         | Because things have changed since the time Linux became
         | ubiquitous.
         | 
         | We have moved away from a world of shared libraries,
         | filesystems, and UNIX users and permissions into a world of
         | shared-nothing (no shared memory, no shared filesystem),
         | capabilities, new and extremely aggressive attack vectors, and
         | a need to compartmentalize and virtualize at more fundamental
         | layers even if it comes at a performance penalty.
         | 
         | You can't retrofit a microkernel-like abstraction on top of
         | Linux. At the same time, a lot of the features you need for a
         | shared multi-user system are basically cruft for modern mobile,
         | single-user systems with little use for shared resources (not
         | saying they're not shared; it's just that you can no longer
         | trust apps installed in the user system so expecting apps to
         | behave nicely is out of the window).
         | 
         | The new wave of OSes embraces formal correctness when possible,
         | JIT, garbage-collected application programming languages,
         | tightly-enforced resource boundaries, deny-by-default security
         | models, provably-safe system programming languages (Rust and
         | whatever else will come), immutability and copy-on-write at the
         | cost of filesystem space, and secure memory abstractions for
         | more RAM.
         | 
         | So why spend time supporting features that new OSes don't need,
         | optimizing things that are no longer priority (HDD schedulers
         | vs no-op SSD schedulers), when for once it _is_ actually easier
         | to start over and fixing a lot of traditional pain points?
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > a lot of the features you need for a shared multi-user
           | system are basically cruft
           | 
           | That's just not true. A "single-user" system running multiple
           | "apps" where each app is actually endowed with its own user-
           | like privileges is just a shared multi-user system by another
           | name. There's no reason not to reuse the existing
           | infrastructure, if perhaps with some tweaks.
        
         | wolpoli wrote:
         | A large investment like this is likely a strategic move.
         | 
         | Perhaps it is a corporate wide move to stop contributing to
         | Linux. Or perhaps they plan on displacing Linux from the
         | computing world.
        
         | tomComb wrote:
         | Good questions, and I don't know the answers, but it is kind of
         | odd (particularly given the pace of change in other areas of
         | computer tech) that the world's most popular operating system
         | was designed so long ago, and it seems like there is so little
         | going on in this area.
         | 
         | Of course, Apple is hard at work on iOS, but we don't know what
         | sort of under the cover innovations that might good.
         | 
         | So. I'm glad to see something new.
        
           | LordDragonfang wrote:
           | >the world's most popular operating system was designed so
           | long ago, and it seems like there is so little going on in
           | this area.
           | 
           | Are you talking about Linux, or Android specifically? Either
           | way, I don't really agree that there's "little" going on
           | there.
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | This has been open knowledge for a few years now. I was fully
       | expecting it to be cancelled before launch. In that sense am
       | surprised it saw the light of day.
       | 
       | However, I have never seen an explanation of why they need an OS
       | written from scratch. The whole kernel and driver ecosystem,
       | apps, development model, every single thing written from scratch.
       | It took 6 years too for it to be productized. Why would anyone
       | make that kind of an investment? It has to be extremely
       | compelling. I would like to hear it from them
        
         | na85 wrote:
         | Linux wasn't invented at Google.
        
       | summerlight wrote:
       | It's worth noting that Nest is using (likely heavily customized)
       | Linux, pretty hard to keep sync with the upstream due to its
       | monolithic kernel architecture while doesn't get aggressive
       | investments like Android. But lifespan expectation for those
       | products is much longer (~10 yrs) than typical smartphones (3~5
       | yrs) which leads to more maintenance headaches as Google
       | accumulates their product portfolio, even compared to Android
       | 
       | And... Even notorious Google couldn't completely pull their hands
       | from Nest Secure although they decided to discontinue its
       | production and sales. This is probably the problem they want to
       | solve with Fuchsia. In this context, using Fuchsia is a pretty
       | natural engineering decision. Fuchsia team can onboard its first
       | customer while Nest team can outsource lots of its maintenance
       | issues to a more appropriate team. I guess they already consider
       | using Android before, but probably that's a no-go option since
       | its support usually ends before 5 years.
       | 
       | Of course, Android and Chrome OS have completely different needs
       | and environments, so I don't expect them to converge to Fuchsia
       | in any foreseeable future. More likely scenario would be a shared
       | ecosystem based on Play Store which enables more future strategic
       | movements.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | Damn, are microkernels finally back?
        
       | blendergeek wrote:
       | Possibly unpopular opinion:
       | 
       | This is a tragedy for Free Software. The Linux kernel (and
       | specifically its GPL nature) is the best thing that has ever
       | happened to Free Software drivers and embedded systems. The only
       | reason that companies release open source drivers for their
       | products is because they are legally required to in order
       | integrate with the Linux kernel. Clearly Google wants to move
       | away from this world.
       | 
       | I will mourn the day that a non-copyleft kernel supplants Linux
       | and our only reason for free software hardware support comes to
       | and end.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | I disagree. One of the things that stops people from actually
         | _using_ Linux is that it is so hard to get devices working
         | properly.
         | 
         | I would be willing to accept some closed source drivers if it
         | meant Linux actually worked reliably on most modern hardware
         | (no it really doesn't).
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | Well if you hang Free Software's hopes entirely on the Linux
         | kernel, or the Linux kernel doesn't mature to the point where
         | it isn't the hall monitor for everyone's code quality, then
         | that might be what happens.
         | 
         | Darwin might be knocking. Evolve or die.
         | 
         | (And its a bit weird that the Linux kernel is so centralized
         | with a cabal lead mostly by one dude who yells at everyone on
         | the planet about their shitty driver code quality. If you're at
         | all Libertarian or libertarian, that should probably bug you a
         | bit that Free Software picked that as the ideal model.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | est31 wrote:
         | I think you give some valid concerns. I definitely understand
         | you, but I want to give some counter arguments to where I'm
         | seeing chances with Fuchsia in addition to the dangers that you
         | rightfully point out.
         | 
         | First, there are thriving non-copyleft driver projects, like
         | mesa. No copyleft forces Intel to contribute to it. No copyleft
         | forces AMD.
         | 
         | Second, even in Linux, many drivers aren't maintained by their
         | vendors, but third parties. I think that an upstream driver is
         | generally easier to deal with for most parties, so most parties
         | would prefer it. If fuchsia is indeed as modular as it promises
         | to be, users can swap out those drivers, at least in custom
         | ROMs. Android custom ROMs already copy over proprietary drivers
         | from the native OS upon installation.
         | 
         | Third, the GCC compiler has artificially restricted the ability
         | to use it as a backend for third party languages, which led to
         | many projects choosing LLVM instead. These projects now
         | contribute to LLVM's success. Yes, some extensions to LLVM are
         | proprietary. Still many companies contribute to LLVM directly.
         | 
         | Fourth, legal action doesn't turn a company into a good
         | citizen. They might release the source code in the end but they
         | become extremely hostile to free software projects coming
         | forward, because suddenly the legal department got involved.
         | Those employees who share the cause can't freely talk on
         | mailing lists any more because all mails to the project first
         | require approval by a company lawyer. Etc. The released source
         | code might be unusable anyways because it's done to a fork of
         | an outdated version of the kernel.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > First, there are thriving non-copyleft driver projects,
           | like mesa. No copyleft forces Intel to contribute to it. No
           | copyleft forces AMD.
           | 
           | This is not entirely true. Mainline Linux has a longstanding
           | policy of not including kernel-side graphics support in the
           | officially-released tree unless it can be used with a totally
           | Free userspace. So Mesa is, to some extent, piggybacking on
           | incentives that have been established as part of the GPL'd
           | Linux kernel.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | How is Fuschia licensed?
        
           | therealrootuser wrote:
           | It isn't GPL; I believe it is tri-licensed in BSD, MIT, and
           | Apache 2.
        
           | asciimike wrote:
           | https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-
           | src/contribute/governance/policy...
        
           | blendergeek wrote:
           | Fuschia is licensed under the BSD license as far as I can
           | tell.
           | 
           | This allows device vendors to use fuschia without releasing
           | device specific software to the community resulting in
           | further degraded software freedom.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | This is also why Android is such a security and privacy
         | nightmare, with the terrible user experience (and environmental
         | impact) of having to buy a new phone every 1-2 years.
         | 
         | Because Android is not GPL.
         | 
         | Google owns the software, so manufacturers really only make
         | money from the device sales, and bundled spyware.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | You don't need a new Android phone every two years and you
           | haven't needed to for a while now. The Android situation
           | certainly isn't as good as the Apple situation, but it's not
           | as bad as ten years ago.
           | 
           | For most people, the only problem using a five year old phone
           | today is the degraded battery. Almost all software is
           | backwards compatible with the old operating systems and
           | nobody simply outside IT cares about kernel updates.
           | Journalists, human rights activists and American refugees
           | like Snowden should fear kernel exploits, your average Joe is
           | pretty unlikely to actually get infected. The massive
           | segregation of Android devices is actually a good thing in
           | this scenario, because you need to prepare your exploits for
           | whole ranges of devices and several versions software
           | versions, making "the Android botnet that ends all Android
           | botnets" incredibly hard to build.
           | 
           | The Android privacy nightmare is all Google being built
           | around spying; the security nightmare is mostly due to brands
           | like Samsung not releasing timely updates, not necessarily
           | because Broadcom and Qualcom don't build patches.
           | 
           | With medium to high end Samsung devices now reaching four
           | years of Android security updates, the entire field is slowly
           | becoming much better. The cheaper, low-end devices lag
           | behind, but it figures that people who cannot afford a $300
           | phone can't pay for software support and the profit margins
           | become razor thin the cheaper the phone gets. Five years of
           | software updates for a $90 phone just isn't realistic.
           | 
           | This whole situation is why I lament Windows Phone's failure.
           | Microsoft had the right idea, which carriers hated, that the
           | operating system should be independent of the rest of the
           | device. Carriers wanted to force their ugly branding
           | everywhere and fought hard against MS, who themselves bumbled
           | and failed spectacularly by breaking backwards compatibility
           | with every major Windows Phone release, and the entire
           | project was doomed to fail.
           | 
           | Android could have been similar to Linux; a Google-supported
           | core repository with vendor packages for drivers, updatable
           | in the same way Debian is. Nobody outside the hacker
           | community seems interested in this approach, but it could
           | have been.
        
       | JI00912 wrote:
       | Are there any privacy aspects to this? Does Google track
       | everything that is going on?
       | 
       | Do you have control over your device or can Google release
       | updates and do whatever they want with it?
        
       | goodcjw2 wrote:
       | Disclaimer: I used to work and knew a lot Fuchsia developers very
       | well.
       | 
       | No, Fuchsia is not a pet project. Instead, it's solving a very
       | realistic problem: building a clean driver interface, while keep
       | it open and gain hardware vendor support.
       | 
       | Anyone have shipped a Linux-based embedded system (including
       | Android smartphone) knows the pain: there are tons of ad hoc
       | driver source files need to be manually merged/rebased against
       | the Linux Kernel. Want to upgrade the Linux kernel from 4.x to
       | 5.x? Good luck redoing lots of merges and rebasing. There are
       | tons and tons of git branches floating around, crazy examples
       | like: "Linux-4.11-some_soc_vendor-some_oem-random_device-
       | random_project-rev-1.3". It soon becomes unmanaged and device
       | manufactures just gave up on keeping up with OS upgrades.
       | 
       | Overall, the monolithic natural of Linux Kernel and its strict
       | licensing terms made it hard to get code upstreamed back or to
       | write properly modularized driver extensions. Even when people
       | managed to get it work, you end up something like AMD's GPU
       | driver takes 10% of Linux kernel [1].
       | 
       | The term of OS is heavily overloaded. But Fuchsia's goal is NOT
       | to build other Android, but mainly to replace the Linux kernel.
       | 
       | Is it worth it? Can Google pull it off? I don't know. But it
       | probably worth a shot.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5....
        
         | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
         | I half agree with you. It's not so much that Linux lacks a
         | clean driver interface, it's really that OEMs write shitty
         | software that doesn't belong upstream. Ideally vendors stop
         | writing garbage drivers and distributing hacked up kernels with
         | their "sample code" (but ends up in production) and opaque
         | binary blobs.
         | 
         | Android unified vendors but simultaneously made them even
         | lazier. It's somewhat hard to get non-android code from vendors
         | in the past 5+ years. Which makes me very sad.
         | 
         | Will Fuchsia somehow convince vendors to produce better
         | drivers? I don't see how Fuchsia makes this problem
         | significantly easier. Shitty vendors will continue to be shitty
         | vendors and take the easiest path to making money.
         | 
         | In any case, the Kernel's super power is its community, not the
         | software itself. The LKML is vast and full of knowledge, a
         | strange intersection of open source, research and corporate
         | exploits.
         | 
         | I don't see Fuchsia replacing that anytime soon.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | I think OP's point is it doesn't matter if the drivers are
           | crappy, as long as they only use a fixed and we'll defined
           | interface.
           | 
           | If drivers all had a well defined interface, the exact same
           | driver, binary or source, can be used across any OS version,
           | and maybe even on other OS's with the right shims.
           | 
           | Then you don't need driver manufacturers to all collaborate
           | to update the OS.
        
         | gosukiwi wrote:
         | Will we see GNU/Fucshia someday maybe then? :P
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | The Kernel is an MIT license, and the user space is BSD [1]
           | 
           | > The Fuchsia kernel is released under the following MIT-
           | style license: /zircon/kernel/LICENSE.
           | 
           | > All Fuchsia user space components are released under a BSD-
           | style license: /LICENSE or an Apache 2.0 license:
           | https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/infra/+/main/LICENSE.
           | 
           | > All code that is BSD-licensed has an additional IP grant:
           | /PATENTS.
           | 
           | [1] https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-
           | src/contribute/governance/policy...
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > Overall, the monolithic natural of Linux Kernel and its
         | strict licensing terms made it hard to get code upstreamed back
         | or to write properly modularized driver extensions.
         | 
         | The postmarketOS folks are doing it, starting from downstream
         | OEM Linux kernels, and the patches are being accepted on LKML.
         | It's a lot of work because so much ARM hardware is its own
         | weird mixture of long-supported basic IP blocks and newer stuff
         | with its own quirks, and ARM has nothing like the plug-and-play
         | hardware enumeration of modern x86 systems. So untangling all
         | of this just takes a lot of time and effort. But this has
         | nothing to do with Linux per se; it's all about the ARM system
         | architecture itself and the SoC-based industry that has sprung
         | up around it.
         | 
         | And no, running a microkernel-based system won't help at all,
         | because any hardware that's part of the SoC can read or write
         | arbitrary memory hence your driver can (perhaps unwittingly)
         | subvert the very same security mechanisms you're supposedly
         | relying on. Not to mention that some of these drivers handle,
         | e.g. voltage regulators that will happily fry your hardware
         | irreversibly if poked the wrong way. _All_ of this stuff is
         | inherently part of the trusted base of your system, so you 're
         | not going to do any better than what Linux already gives you.
        
         | Steltek wrote:
         | > the monolithic natural of Linux Kernel and its strict
         | licensing terms made it hard to get code upstreamed
         | 
         | > In 2018, we got the OS running natively on a Pixelbook. After
         | that, the Fuchsia team stopped doing its work in the open and
         | stripped all UI work out of the public repository.
         | 
         | Linux (AFAIK) still doesn't require the typical CLA paperwork
         | or copyright assignment. The "strict licensing terms" of the
         | Linux kernel ensures that kernel stays open. If openness is a
         | goal of Fuschia, the GPL would not be a problem here.
         | 
         | If anything, Linux needs a harder license, like GPLv3 or
         | similar, to maintain openness in a world of locked bootloaders
         | and not-even-half-baked clone appliances with manufacturers who
         | aren't interested in coughing up the kernel source.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | Okay, but having a stable interface doesn't fix vendors
         | shipping bad code, it just decouples it so you can run terrible
         | drivers on a less-terrible kernel. Better yet, Fuchsia removes
         | any obligation for vendors to share code (by _both_ separating
         | drivers from the OS and having the OS itself be permissively
         | licensed), so third parties can 't even start from vendor code
         | and try to improve things.
        
         | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
         | > The term of OS is heavily overloaded. But Fuchsia's goal is
         | NOT to build other Android, but mainly to replace the Linux
         | kernel.
         | 
         | To paraphrase a popular saying, "the driver interface
         | apparently has an abstraction problem, so Google created
         | Fuchsia - and now we have two problems."
        
         | linuxftw wrote:
         | It's a pet project. If you want to solve the kernel ABI
         | problem, you can easily hard-fork and maintain that ABI
         | indefinitely from any Linux kernel.
         | 
         | And if that sounds like it's too hard, imagine how hard it is
         | to maintain your own kernel, and all the associated user space
         | you now have to reinvent.
         | 
         | In fact, you don't even need to hard fork. You could have your
         | own rolling tree with a stable "Android ABI" interface that
         | vendors can write drivers against, optionally.
         | 
         | In any case, no company in their right mind would use this
         | project. Google has proven repeatedly they will enforce a
         | monopoly on their platform one way or another.
        
           | google234123 wrote:
           | It accomplishes much more than just solving the kernel ABI
           | problem.
        
             | linuxftw wrote:
             | It doesn't accomplish anything because nobody's going to
             | use it.
        
               | google234123 wrote:
               | May the best software win.
               | 
               | Anyway, if they succeed in integrating it into Android
               | then that will be a lot of users :P
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Why can't the vendors just contribute their drivers to the
         | kernel? Why is it so hard? Looks like Intel is doing it and
         | their products just work on Linux as a result. Why can't these
         | shitty mobile hardware manufacturers do the same?
        
           | delroth wrote:
           | The sad answer is that they can't be bothered to meet the
           | quality standards expected for upstream kernel code. Easier
           | to just throw garbage in a tarball and ship privesc
           | vulnerabilities to millions of users.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | Driver supports costs money, vendors make money when they
           | sell chips.
           | 
           | They treat drivers and software as a cost-center, so the
           | software quality is typically horrible. Can't be merged,
           | won't be merged.
           | 
           | Microsoft knew that, so they made sure to be ABI compatible
           | so they could keep updating the OS.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > Microsoft knew that, so they made sure to be ABI
             | compatible so they could keep updating the OS.
             | 
             | I don't remember it that way. I remember buying
             | motherboards and receiving CDs full of drivers for the many
             | Windows versions. I remember having to scour the internet
             | for drivers and finding a different one for each Windows
             | version. I remember failing to find drivers for new
             | versions of Windows because the manufacturer couldn't care
             | less. I remember incredibly shitty manufacturer
             | applications that took over one minute to display a window
             | on the screen. I even managed to reverse engineer one of
             | those into a free software user space driver.
        
             | fmakunbound wrote:
             | I feel this must explain why every Android device I've
             | owned has felt janky in some way, while with an Apple phone
             | it just seems to work.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Microsoft knew that, so they made sure to be ABI
             | compatible so they could keep updating the OS.
             | 
             | That's just not true. A lot of hardware support was
             | stranded by OS version updates, especially pre-Vista and
             | Win7. It's reached a point where Linux deals a lot better
             | w/ some older hardware than any currently-supported Windows
             | version.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | Some of that is just getting rid of compatibility code
               | for misbehaving drivers.
        
               | fragileone wrote:
               | Not just hardware but even older Windows applications run
               | way better on WINE than on Windows 10. Microsoft doesn't
               | care about reverse compatibility or long-term support for
               | consumers.
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | A small handful of times over many decades when the
               | driver model changed, not after every update.
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | > _Why can 't the vendors just contribute their drivers to
           | the kernel?_
           | 
           | What makes you think they want to? They want you to buy the
           | next chip and the next and the next, not keep using the
           | previous one with a new OS.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > What makes you think they want to?
             | 
             | Do they not care about having a high quality product?
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | They do have a high quality product. And then you have to
               | buy their next high quality product instead of continuing
               | to use the old one. Their products are hardware, not
               | drivers, and they get more money by selling more hardware
               | rather than letting old hardware get updated.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Can't use the hardware without the drivers. If the driver
               | is low quality proprietary code that can't be fixed or
               | updated, they don't have a high quality product.
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | And yet here we all are with umpty billion Qualcomm SoCs
               | floating around and nobody complaining about how
               | Qualcomm's chips don't work well (except, of course, in
               | comparison to Apple's).
               | 
               | The hard reality that Linux kernel driver model stalwarts
               | must face is that the only measure that matters to these
               | companies is profit margin, and the economics just are
               | not in favor of upstreaming their drivers. So knowing
               | that, do we continue to yell into the night or do we
               | implement a solution that doesn't leave umpty billion
               | devices without kernel security updates?
        
               | wott wrote:
               | Nowadays, a lot of products go out of production and are
               | replaced by the next model before they have time to
               | settle and get a consumer reputation. It sometimes feels
               | like they do only 1 production run per model and then
               | bye-bye. So, quick and "good enough", "as good" or "not
               | worse than others" is good enough :-/
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | AMD already does and that creates a lot of friction both due
           | to the bloat of the kernel the majority of which is now the
           | AMD driver and the issue with code conventions and quality.
           | 
           | Unless hardware vendors agree to support a generic driver for
           | each device type which can be maintained by the Linux kernel
           | team it's going to be a total nightmare and even then you
           | need an easy model to extend the generic driver with a device
           | specific one through an easy interface.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | They might want to keep their driver source closed, and even
           | if they don't upstreaming code into the kernel is simply a
           | ton of extra work.
        
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