[HN Gopher] The Dark Side of Congo's Cobalt Rush
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       The Dark Side of Congo's Cobalt Rush
        
       Author : GranularRecipe
       Score  : 53 points
       Date   : 2021-05-25 16:03 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
       | Weren't we supposed to stop using darkness to mean something bad?
       | Like not having blacklists anymore.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | I don't buy into NAACP propaganda so no for me.
        
           | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
           | Did the NAACP have anything to do with this at all? I rather
           | get the impression that it's something WASPs in left-liberal
           | tech companies and news outlets came up with. Which is why
           | I'm surprised seeing this language in The New Yorker.
        
             | Alupis wrote:
             | "Dark Side" is used here to describe something that cannot
             | be easily seen or is not well known... as in "I cannot see
             | because it's dark". What else would you call it... "un-
             | light"?
             | 
             | It literally has nothing to do with race or skin color.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tha0xb3 wrote:
               | It's tying darkness to something negative, making "dark"
               | or "black" negative in general. This means "dark skinned
               | people" are also similarly looked at negatively.
               | 
               | Please use inclusive language. It costs you nothing and
               | makes the world safer for BIPOCs.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
               | Curiously "whitewashing" is still used liberally, and
               | specifically to mean "bad stuff that white people do".
               | 
               | Of course it doesn't have anything to do with skin colour
               | either, but rather the metaphorical act of painting over
               | flaws with cheap calcium hydroxide paint in order to hide
               | them rather than actually fix them.
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | OK, that's fine, but let's not try to inject skin color
               | issues into everything please. It serves no good purpose
               | but to reduce people, and arguments, down to the color of
               | some individual's skin - a trait that has nothing to do
               | with the argument being put forth.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | mycologos wrote:
       | If you're interested in learning a little more about the Congo's
       | history, I highly recommend Michela Wrong's book _In the
       | Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu
       | 's Congo_. Ignore the sensationalized title and apparently cliche
       | reference to _Heart of Darkness_ , the writing is much smarter
       | than that. She wrote it shortly after Mobutu's death in 1997,
       | after living in the country for several years. You might also
       | know her from a more recent book about Paul Kagame [1].
       | 
       | Perhaps surprisingly, the least sympathetic characters post-
       | independence in _In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz_ might be the World
       | Bank and IMF employees.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Disturb_(book)
        
         | sib wrote:
         | And further along this path, if you really want to be saddened
         | / depressed / disgusted, there's King Leopold's Ghost.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004KZOWEG
        
       | webmaven wrote:
       | Guns, Money, and Cellphones (June 11, 2001):
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20010813152613/http://www.thesta...
       | 
       | The article is split into 5 pages, but is worth reading, if only
       | to see how little anything has changed in the 20 years this has
       | been a well-known issue.
        
       | vincent-toups wrote:
       | The phrase "Congo's Cobalt Rush" seems to presage mostly dark
       | side to me.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | well you never know how many shades of dark there can be..
        
       | mcbishop wrote:
       | >To be scared, you must first have means. - Odilon Kajumba
       | Kilanga (a poor Congolese miner)
       | 
       | That's so sad.
        
       | 5tefan wrote:
       | This isn't a dark side. It's the other side of the same coin and
       | we try to tuck it away, keep it under the rug, hide it from
       | light.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | > side of the same coin and we try to tuck it away, keep it
         | under the rug, hide it from light
         | 
         | if only there were a phrase synonymous with side of a coin
         | hidden from light
        
       | elihu wrote:
       | I think it's worth pointing out that at least for EV batteries,
       | this is a trade-off. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries don't
       | contain cobalt or nickel. We could be building cars with LFP
       | cells, they just would be heavier and/or have shorter range.
       | 
       | LFP is getting better. I think recent cells tend to be in the 150
       | Wh/kg ballpark, which isn't bad. In the short term I expect we'll
       | probably see LFP in trucks and busses and low and medium-end EVs.
       | Or maybe some new battery technology will come along and the
       | whole trade-off will be moot.
       | 
       | (I think Tesla is already using or planning to use LFP cells from
       | CATL in some of their model 3s. I'm not sure if that's just for
       | the China market or if they're going to use LFP for US models.)
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | 175Wh/kg cells were on the market for a few years, and I myself
         | held those in my hands.
         | 
         | There were many claims of LFP at above 200Wh/kg (which is
         | already better than commodity NCM,) but I never seen those with
         | my own eyes.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | > I think recent cells tend to be in the 150 Wh/kg ballpark,
         | which isn't bad.
         | 
         | Even better:
         | 
         | https://insideevs.com/news/481770/guoxuan-210-whkg-lfp-batte...
         | 
         | Those sub $100/kWh cells that made the news a while ago are
         | were all LFP.
        
         | Baeocystin wrote:
         | FWIW, I use LFP batteries for my motorcycles and hobbyist
         | needs. Their durability is spectacular, and it is very
         | convenient that they can match the charging voltages for 12V
         | automotive lead-acid systems without any kind of expensive
         | interface.
         | 
         | Of course, this is completely different than using them for
         | large-scale battery packs. Just pointing out that they are
         | already in use in specialty niches today.
        
           | elihu wrote:
           | I'm using LFP cells in an EV conversion I'm working on.
           | 
           | I could have gotten better range by using used Tesla modules,
           | but then I would have had to deal with liquid cooling, and
           | the modules were an awkward size that didn't really fit
           | conveniently where I wanted to put them. Plus LFP cells are a
           | lot harder to accidentally catch on fire.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | Funny factoid, if you have an EV, you might be unknowingly using
       | Cuban cobalt, especially if the EV came with claims of "conflict
       | minerals free."
       | 
       | US is somehow closing eyes on that, despite Cuba being sanctioned
       | to the brim by them themselves.
        
         | wtn wrote:
         | Sherritt International's operations in Cuba are well-known, and
         | their cobalt products are not sold in the United States.
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | No, it is sold to China, and then the trace naturally
           | vanishes.
           | 
           | Then a Chinese broker comes to an EV battery materials co.,
           | and says we have a conflict cobalt for you from Congo, and a
           | conflict free one from "somewhere else."
        
         | javert wrote:
         | Sad. Cuban cobalt is definitely not conflict free.
        
           | xibalba wrote:
           | Will you please elaborate? This is interesting and I, and I
           | assume many others, am pretty ignorant with respect to the
           | goings on in Cuba.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I would assume any hard labor mining with chemical
             | exposure/pollution intensive task is not conflict free.
        
             | 908B64B197 wrote:
             | The Cuban regime is known for it's purges against
             | dissidents, homosexuals as well as total censorship and
             | confiscation of goods from it's citizens.
        
           | slownews45 wrote:
           | What's the conflict in Cuba that is leading to conflict
           | mining there. I'm familiar with the wars / slavery elsewhere
           | but wasn't plugged in on cuba wars.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | Conflict free refers to active civil wars / use of non-
           | punitive slave labour.
           | 
           | If you stretch the definition to include Cuba, I will happily
           | stretch it to note that no minerals mined in the US are
           | 'conflict-free', since every mine/pipeline/oil well of note
           | has been built on the bones of a conflict between resource
           | extractors, and communities/groups that they are negatively
           | impacting.
           | 
           | Stretch it enough, and the term loses all meaning.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Popegaf wrote:
       | The dark side of modern prosperity is that it exists through
       | exploitation of the poor. The EU is planning to make their own
       | chip fabs to reduce dependency on Asia, but all that means is
       | they will have to increase exploitation of South America and
       | Africa.
       | 
       | We will happily exploit them and corrupt their governments, but
       | reject "economical refugees" despite us being a major reason of
       | their problems.
        
       | Gatsky wrote:
       | I think a good definition of Capitalism is displacing the cost of
       | negative externalities in time and space as far away as possible
       | from your profit centre.
        
       | ctdonath wrote:
       | Timely to note that Tesla is eliminating cobalt from battery
       | production.
        
         | mycologos wrote:
         | Have they made recent claims, or are you referring to the less
         | ambitious plans described in the article?
         | 
         | > Last year, Tesla pledged to use lithium-iron-phosphate
         | batteries, which do not contain cobalt, in some of its electric
         | cars. Huayou stock plummeted. Still, Reuters noted, "it was not
         | clear to what extent Tesla intends to use L.F.P. batteries,"
         | and the company "has no plans to stop" using batteries that
         | contain cobalt.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | It baffles me that "poor people being mistreated by large
       | corporations" is such a non-story for American media, while "poor
       | people being mistreated by large corporations that make EVs or
       | iPhones" is such a recurring theme, to the extent that it seems
       | it's the iPhones or the EVs that are the issue, rather than the
       | mistreatment.
       | 
       | The optimistic take is that the author is trying to motivate the
       | people who already care about "saving the planet" to also care
       | about exploited workers, though I would have hoped for more
       | constructive suggestions on how to help if that was the case.
       | 
       | The pessimistic take is that this is just a long form essay
       | version of a YouTube thumbnail with a shocked face on it,
       | randomly pressing emotional buttons to attract attention and
       | using any random psychological lever that seems to work.
       | 
       | If this article interested you, I'd recommend the 2011
       | documentary, Empire of Dust about Chinese engineers working to
       | build roads in the Congo for their mines in this area.
       | Fascinating look at the human side of this from both the Chinese
       | and Congolese perspective:
       | 
       | https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2148945/
       | 
       | > Lao Yang and Eddy both work for a company called CREC (Chinese
       | Railway Engineering Company). They have just set up camp near the
       | remote mining town of Kolwezi in the Katanga province of the RDC.
       | The goal of the company i..
        
         | mycologos wrote:
         | I suppose the thing with EVs and iPhones is that the contrast
         | is _right there_ , you can draw a pretty solid line between
         | extremely poor and unfortunate people extracting raw materials
         | and extremely wealthy using the finished product. It's also a
         | link that, I think, a lot of people still aren't quite aware
         | of. There's not a _Blood Diamond_ for cobalt, as far as I know.
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | Yes, and many of the target readers are emotionally connected
           | in that they are customers who use the finished product.
        
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       (page generated 2021-05-25 23:01 UTC)