[HN Gopher] What lies beneath: Evidence from leaked account data...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What lies beneath: Evidence from leaked account data on offshore
       banking use
        
       Author : kemonocode
       Score  : 254 points
       Date   : 2021-05-24 15:18 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.brookings.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.brookings.edu)
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | discussed here https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27089906
        
       | TOSSAWAY_1 wrote:
       | If the IRS knows how much money I owe why dont they just send me
       | a bill?
        
         | seieste wrote:
         | They can and they do if you don't file, and they'll charge you
         | 5%/month for the convenience. The IRS can even file a return on
         | your behalf, which they do to tax protestors. If you don't even
         | have an SSN, they'll conveniently create one for you.
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | 1. There exist politicians who believe that forcing you to fill
         | out the paperwork reminds you that taxes are evil. They're
         | doing it for your own good, see?
         | 
         | 2. There exist tax preparation companies which profit
         | enormously from doing the paperwork for you and they'd miss out
         | on that profit if the government just billed you.
        
           | cle wrote:
           | It's because they don't actually know how much taxes you owe.
           | They aren't omniscient (thankfully) so they don't know e.g.
           | how much in deductions you should have.
           | 
           | (I agree that #2 is a big problem, but I don't think it's
           | actually the reason we file taxes.)
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | People mostly take the standard deduction.
             | 
             | (85-90% of households in recent years)
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Yes, but only because I got capped out on deductions
               | before I exceeded what the standard deduction would give
               | me. Increased my tax burden about 1.5% overall that year.
               | Not as much the next year because I had much less
               | charitable giving. Sure am glad I'm getting to pay for
               | all of the stuff those rich people aren't anymore thanks
               | to their massive tax break.
               | 
               | Oh, and my taxes are supposed to increase even more once
               | the Trump tax holiday for the middle class expires in
               | 2025. Luckily for corporations it is permanent for them.
               | That tax plan was the most blatant government handout to
               | the 1% and for some reason 40% of Americans think it's
               | the best tax plan ever.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | A majority of people took the standard deduction prior to
               | the changes too, just not quite such a big majority.
               | 
               | In any case, the standard deduction does have the effect
               | of significantly reducing the administrative burden of
               | taxation, and it crosses off one of the arguments used in
               | favor of pointlessly complex tax filing.
        
               | bananabreakfast wrote:
               | It will be far more now after the Trump tax bill as well.
               | 
               | You now have to be able to deduct over $24k to not take
               | the standard deduction.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | The real reason is that Americans owe money on more income
           | than the gov't is aware of, and if you're going to omit
           | income, they want you to explicitly lie about it so you can
           | be prosecuted for it.
        
             | symlinkk wrote:
             | They could still send you a bill that lists your income and
             | has a note that says
             | 
             | "If you had any income that is not reported here, report it
             | on irs.gov/.... Failure to do so is punishable by ..."
             | 
             | This would make things significantly easier for 90% of the
             | population.
        
               | toomanyrichies wrote:
               | This is what I'd think as well. If they wanted to corner
               | someone into explicitly lying in order to allow for
               | prosecution, wouldn't they still be doing so by claiming
               | non-standard deductions which they weren't actually
               | eligible for?
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > they want you to explicitly lie about it so you can be
             | prosecuted for it.
             | 
             | Since "they" also define what you can be prosecuted for,
             | that's a bit of an odd justification even before
             | considering the fairly strong evidence from both tax prep
             | lobbying and anti-tax candidate behavior (including
             | occasionally saying the quiet part out loud directly about
             | the pain in the process being necessary to keep tax burden
             | front of mind for taxpayers) that the two reasons cited by
             | the grandparent are, in fact, the dominant factors.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Now is the punishment important part or eventually
             | reclaiming it? In systems where taxes are done by agency
             | and unreported income is found they still have to pay. Was
             | pretty common with cryptos some time ago here.
        
           | notyourwork wrote:
           | > 1. There exist politicians who believe that forcing you to
           | fill out the paperwork reminds you that taxes are evil.
           | They're doing it for your own good, see?
           | 
           | Which ones? I don't agree or disagree, but I think it's a
           | good practice to call out politicians when we make claims
           | they do something. That way it gives a more clear line of
           | sight to your claim.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Basically all followers of Grover Norquist. So, almost all
             | Republicans who were around before Donald Trump.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | You proceed from a fallacy.
         | 
         | The IRS doesn't know how much tax you owe because Congress has
         | created a massively complex system that includes using
         | deductions to incentivize certain types of behavior, as well as
         | using the tax system as a mechanism to deliver means-tested
         | benefits.
        
           | bb611 wrote:
           | 90% of US taxpayers used the standard deduction in 2018, up
           | from 70% in previous years.
           | 
           | This has been a major topic of discussion in tax circles for
           | decades, the vast majority of Americans do not benefit from
           | deductions and the federal government's direct knowledge of
           | your income is essentially identical to your own (because of
           | mandatory reporting from employers, banks & other financial
           | service entities).
           | 
           | Specific deductions are written by and for high income
           | individuals, and supported by lobbying from the tax industry
           | which wouldn't exist without them, but they're not used by
           | the vast majority of Americans, especially with raised SALT
           | limits and doubled standard deduction.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | Refer to my response to another comment below; it is
             | absolutely wrong to assume "this person takes a standard
             | deduction so they haven't any tax forms to fill".
             | 
             | And this is not just limited to the Earned Income Tax
             | Credit.
             | 
             | There are also Child Credits, Child and Dependent Care
             | Credits, Adoption Credits, Residential Energy Credits (for
             | those who got solar), Low-Income Housing Credits (for low-
             | income home owners), American Opportunity Tax Credits (for
             | those with low/middle incomes paying college expenses) ...
             | and all of these are relevant to non-itemizers.
             | 
             | P.S. there are also above-the-line deductions available
             | which reduce your AGI _even if you take the standard
             | deduction_ - an important one being the one for Student
             | Loan Interest.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Yeah. For example, one year I bought double-pane windows for
           | my house, which were eligible for a tax deduction (on the
           | grounds of promoting energy conservation). Either I have to
           | tell the IRS that I bought those windows, _or the IRS has to
           | know that I bought windows_. The second option is too close
           | to dystopian nightmares for my taste.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | No system handles that kind of case. But they do handle one
             | where person doesn't take the deductions. And is happy
             | without them.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | Precisely. For those playing along at home, that would be
             | the Residential Energy Efficient Property Credit, Form
             | 5695.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | Nobody is calling for a completely omniscient IRS.
             | 
             | What should happen is you log in to irs.gov and see
             | everything they know (number of kids, income, interest,
             | reported charitable giving, etc...), you fill out the
             | missing pieces (energy credits, when you bought and sold
             | stocks, charitable giving not reported to them, etc...),
             | and they run the calculation. It should take almost no time
             | at all for people with simple returns and only a few
             | minutes of inputting some basic figures for most everyone
             | else, with of course a handful of people who have
             | terminally complex returns and need an accountant.
             | 
             | Instead you have to manually enter all of the information
             | the IRS already knows because otherwise nobody would pay
             | for TurboTax or H&R Block. Only real accountants would be
             | necessary for those special cases where people have complex
             | holdings.
        
           | coderintherye wrote:
           | You assume everyone itemizes deductions. There is a thing
           | called the "standard deduction" which renders your point moot
           | for the people using it which I suspect has a lot of overlap
           | with the people who would like the IRS to do the calculation.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | No; I am not assuming that. The standard deduction does
             | cover a lot of people; but a lot of the people that it
             | covers end up filling out other forms as part of their
             | returns for tax credits.
             | 
             | For example, the Earned Income Tax Credit is a means-tested
             | benefit program that's delivered through the tax system.
             | This is not a niche program - 25 million families benefit
             | from it.
             | 
             | It requires filers to identify how many qualifying children
             | they have, which in turns depends on things like the
             | educational status (is this child in school, college, are
             | they a full-time student) and residency (child must
             | generally live with you, but with exceptions for overseas
             | military service, etc).
             | 
             | In cases where multiple filers can claim a qualifying child
             | (e.g. cohabiting single filers), you're required to make an
             | election as to which return will claim the qualifying
             | child.
             | 
             | The EITC also encourages reporting of informal income
             | (because it's only available to people who earned an
             | income) which might not be on a W-2 / 1099, e.g. baby
             | sitting, to qualify.
             | 
             | None of that stuff is known to the IRS from W-2s, 1099s
             | etc. and they are dependent on the filer to provide it
             | every year, especially as circumstances change; and filers
             | are strongly incentivized to provide it as the credit is
             | _refundable_.
        
         | seanp2k2 wrote:
         | Unsure why this was downvoted as other countries do this and
         | literally TurboTax lobbies against automated filing. Because in
         | America, companies are people, and their free speech rights
         | include the ability to influence legislation + make donations
         | to support that influence.
        
         | eli wrote:
         | Because Intuit/TurboTax have successfully lobbied for decades
         | to prevent the federal government from pre-filling tax forms.
         | 
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/filing-taxes-could-be-fre...
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | Cash and other transactions without established reporting
         | requirements is why. They only know what gets reported to them
         | as a pre-requisite of being an employer or hiring entity in the
         | United States. The burden is actually on the taxpayer to
         | accurately report the entire detail of their taxable footprint
         | as defined in the tax code, as the IRS would otherwise require
         | a perfect surveillance infrastructure, wherein every movement
         | of money is traceable to assure your tax liability is
         | accurately assessed.
         | 
         | The real question, in my mind, is that, knowing John Q.
         | Taxpayer is burdened with understanding the tax code in it's
         | entirety (in the spherical cow, in a vacuum sense), why in
         | heaven's name are things written in such a manner whereby doing
         | everything by the book is so hard?
         | 
         | From my experience, most people get the income part, those who
         | have good portfolios get capital gains, but most people don't
         | even know where to start looking if they aren't guided to it by
         | an adversarial audit, which are guaranteed to be
         | counterproductive in fostering the any degree of goodwill
         | between taxpayer and tax service. Obviously, an accountant is
         | capable of learning the corpus of material to be able to work
         | with it, but given both the licensure requirement, and the fact
         | most accounting questions I've heard resulted in a lot of open
         | to interpretation answers, I'm not at all confident saying it
         | is reasonable to expect the taxpayer to accurately report
         | things, and furthermore, to expect some group of experts to
         | handle it for everyone else, we've not done a good job at
         | treating tax expertise as a public good in the accessibility
         | department.
         | 
         | In short, at it's core an information propagation problem,
         | suffering from perverse incentives present in private
         | enterprise guarding and perpetuating information asymmetry to
         | create opportunities for profit extraction at the expense of
         | public process being rendered largely ineffectual.
        
         | alasdair_ wrote:
         | In part, they know a bunch of stuff but not everything, so they
         | want to see if you lie about the stuff they DO know about
         | because that suggests you are also lying about stuff they don't
         | know about.
        
           | everybodyknows wrote:
           | It's a good theory, but is there supporting evidence?
        
         | michael1999 wrote:
         | In many countries they do.
        
       | Layke1123 wrote:
       | And people wonder why I make posts titled, "I hate capitalism, am
       | I alone?"
        
       | internetslave wrote:
       | I have a conspiracy theory that there are far more rich people
       | than we are lead to believe, also that most of us are just
       | working to prop them up and keep them rich.
        
         | admissionsguy wrote:
         | Not sure about the first sentence, but how is "most of us are
         | just working to prop them up and keep them rich" a conspiracy
         | theory? Isn't that the whole basis of capitalism? I am asking
         | honestly. The social order being a mostly immutable pyramid has
         | always been the natural model of how things work in my mind.
        
           | internetslave wrote:
           | I just think the distribution of wealth that we are shown,
           | "only .x% of the country have 50 million" is way off from
           | reality.
        
           | reedjosh wrote:
           | > Isn't that the whole basis of capitalism?
           | 
           | I think it's only exacerbated by government intervention
           | (corruption) and regulatory capture.
           | 
           | I do agree that human nature tends to winners and losers, but
           | right now the losers are being bashed over the head by a tool
           | they think is helping them.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | At the same time, the natural flow of capital is upward.
             | Without government intervention you end up back at
             | feudalism as a very small percentage of the population
             | controls effectively all of the wealth. The way to combat
             | this is progressive taxation and government spending on
             | social programs and infrastructure.
        
             | BLKNSLVR wrote:
             | In Australia they appear to be voting in favour of
             | continued bashing.
             | 
             | I think there's some kind of analogy to the Dunning-Kruger
             | effect where people are deluded that they are in fact in
             | the group of people that will be advantaged by lowering
             | corporate tax rates, for example.
        
             | admissionsguy wrote:
             | I mean fundamentally, accumulating capital would be pretty
             | pointless if not for legions of poor(er) people willing to
             | do whatever the owner of the capital wants them to.
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | One of the standard anti-capitalist arguments for
               | redistributing wealth is that the super-wealthy do not,
               | in fact, use their wealth to have others at their beck
               | and call to an extent even remotely proportional to how
               | much better off they are. The usual framing is that less
               | wealthy people spend far more of their money on goods and
               | services, therefore we're better off if they have the
               | money instead of the super-wealthy, but of course it's
               | the same thing really.
        
         | dillondoyle wrote:
         | 100% true. bill hwang is a recent example he was on paper >$20
         | billion. though levered to the gills and it blew up. But there
         | are a lot more examples that aren't big headlines.
        
         | vixen99 wrote:
         | Perhaps I'm missing something but how am I working to keep rich
         | people rich? There must be specific instances but is this a
         | general rule?
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | You provide labour to earn your living as opposed to
           | providing capital.
           | 
           | If you're providing labour then it's likely that you're
           | providing a small percentage of the return that those
           | providing capital receive as dividend.
           | 
           | Value of labor provider being transformed into profit for
           | capital provider.
        
           | cool_dude85 wrote:
           | Sure. You know those police officers and courts of law and
           | militaries you pay for? Those are the guys whose job it is to
           | keep you from grabbing things from rich people.
        
         | Cyril_HN wrote:
         | What sort of evidence would we expect to see if that was true?
        
           | Daishiman wrote:
           | It's not really a conspiracy. You just need to know the right
           | people intimately.
           | 
           | I live in a country with a thoroughly dysfunctional banking
           | system which, by most accounts, fall right in the middle of
           | the global income bracket.
           | 
           | Yet I know a ton of people in the upper-middle and lower-
           | upper class and they all have the following characteristics
           | of their wealth, which _do not_ appear in most wealth
           | statistics:
           | 
           | * One or multiple bank accounts in offshore tax havens, with
           | the US being the most important
           | 
           | * Multiple properties, whose real ownership is hidden by
           | being assigned to family members, friends, and relatives
           | 
           | * A lot of overseas trips to buy things that are normally
           | horribly expensive due to to import restrictions.
           | 
           | * A deep, thorough understanding not only of tax law, but
           | also personal connections with people who work in tax
           | agencies to understand when to avoid (legally), when to evade
           | (knowing the tax agency won't pursue evasions under a certain
           | currency amount) and when to get into convenient tax amnesty
           | regimes.
           | 
           | Again, these aren't phenomenally rich people and they're
           | easily hiding away 50-85% of their net wealth. By most
           | metrics these people's income would, in theory, put them in
           | median American lifestyle. Yet it's obvious that their
           | standard of living _easily_ puts them in the top 2-5% of a
           | developed country, with the addition that labor costs are so
           | cheap that they can afford services even pretty wealthy
           | people in other places cannot.
           | 
           | This is a classic in Latin America, and I have no reasons to
           | believe it's any different elsewhere; the instruments are
           | just different.
        
             | internetslave wrote:
             | Basically this. I spent some time in the Bahamas with
             | connected people. Really opened my mind up to a hidden
             | world that's actually quite big.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Widespread support for tax cuts for rich people?
        
           | internetslave wrote:
           | I just don't buy the wealth distribution that they are
           | showing us. I don't think the government even knows the true
           | wealth distribution. I think it's also partly political, they
           | can't go, "hey! Look how many people have 100 million!"
        
         | edouard-harris wrote:
         | > there are far more rich people than we are lead to believe
         | 
         | This is almost certainly true -- apart from oligarchs,
         | dictators, and crypto billionaires, it's broadly understood
         | that "500 richest" lists also miss a fair number of anonymous
         | Omaha residents, for example.
         | 
         | > most of us are just working to prop them up and keep them
         | rich
         | 
         | I think this part is probably a mischaracterization (though I
         | could also just be misinterpreting what it means). To take the
         | limit case, consider a wealthy dictator who stole absolutely
         | everything he owns, and who flees his ruined country. In this
         | scenario, the aggrieved parties are _the people he stole his
         | wealth from_ , as opposed to, e.g., the waitress who ends up
         | serving him drinks on a Caribbean island.
         | 
         | That means to the extent you believe the "prop them up" part of
         | the theory, you must also believe that most wealth
         | concentrations arise more from things like theft, and less from
         | things like value creation. My experience has been that this
         | seems untrue today and almost certainly becomes more untrue
         | every year (but I do understand that reasonable observers may
         | disagree).
        
           | dmcgee wrote:
           | > you must also believe that most wealth concentrations arise
           | more from things like theft, and less from things like value
           | creation.
           | 
           | Maybe, maybe not. [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/tech/cybercrime-to-
           | top-6-trillio...
           | 
           | As a side note I appreciate the urgency in the tone of the
           | quoted here.
        
           | mhuffman wrote:
           | >That means to the extent you believe the "prop them up" part
           | of the theory, you must also believe that most wealth
           | concentrations arise more from things like theft, and less
           | from things like value creation. My experience has been that
           | this seems untrue today and almost certainly becomes more
           | untrue every year (but I do understand that reasonable
           | observers may disagree).
           | 
           | It is pretty well demonstrated and accepted that both IQ and
           | talent (in anything, business, sports, art, whatever) have a
           | Gaussian (normal) distribution, but wealth does not. It has a
           | Pareto (power) distribution.
           | 
           | So there is something more than just offering value (ie. the
           | results of talent or IQ or even work) that contributes to the
           | accumulation of wealth.
           | 
           | Some of this has to do with the "Snowball Effect" where it is
           | easier to make more money at a faster rate, the more money
           | you have.
           | 
           | But even that doesn't really get to the heart of the issue.
           | 
           | There is another surprising effect at play!
           | 
           | In a non-sophisticated version (ie. the version everyone is
           | taught in the beginning economics classes) of economics,
           | there is an assumption that someone pays money that they
           | believe is equal to value of some thing that they want. And
           | if this is true, no wealth actually changes hands. You paid
           | $X for something that is worth $X to you ... and maybe others
           | and the person that sold it to you got $X of value which is
           | what they thought it was worth selling it at. The seller is
           | richer by $X but you are richer by something worth $X, so it
           | is really a wash.
           | 
           | But we have to pretend in this case that both sides know the
           | worth of the item in question. And this is almost never the
           | case!
           | 
           | If we allow for whoever "misjudges" the value to be the
           | "loser" and the other to be the "winner" in the exchange as
           | measured by one or the other getting a little more value out
           | of the deal than the other, then something magical happens.
           | 
           | If you play out this scenario (and you can model it yourself
           | in your favorite software) with many "agents" doing these
           | deals, and if you give every single transaction a completely
           | blind and fair chance of 50/50 of being the winner and loser
           | in the transaction, and you do this many, many times ... one
           | agent will always end up with ALL the money in the end!
           | 
           | And this is without theft (as the gp comment insinuated) and
           | is also without there necessarily being any "real value"
           | created (as you suggested).
           | 
           | There is very interesting and recent research in this
           | area[1].
           | 
           | BTW, I used to think more like you than the GP comment (and I
           | still don't really agree with the GP comment) but if you take
           | the time to look into the research and understand the math
           | behind what is going on, it is a real eye-opener and a
           | different perspective on why wealth inequality seems to show
           | up in basically every type of economy and society given
           | enough time.
           | 
           | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-inequality-
           | ine...
        
           | monkeycantype wrote:
           | hello Edouard,
           | 
           | > the aggrieved parties are the people he stole his wealth
           | from, as opposed to, e.g., the waitress who ends up serving
           | him drinks on a Caribbean island.
           | 
           | I understand your logic here, but I think in these scenarios
           | we are all losing - if the dictator's money is the only game
           | in town you have to play his game and by his rules.
           | 
           | When the efforts of the waitress, and all the other effort
           | and resources directed to fulfilling the dictators whims, it
           | creates a network of economic activities around a single
           | person's will.
           | 
           | If that money was being spent by the population he stole it
           | from, the choices of the spenders will be more diverse,
           | reflecting the desires of a that whole population, this
           | creates a more complex network of economic activity and it
           | also means that people supplying that demand have greater
           | choice in how they participate.
           | 
           | it reminds me of the ant article from the other day.
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/05/ant-
           | tape...
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | That contrast of value creation against theft is a false
           | dichotomy. Reframing the latter as "value capture" or "wealth
           | extraction" and treating it separately from value creation
           | gives way to a far more robust analysis.
        
         | devmunchies wrote:
         | the value of gold has gone up 30x (in USD) since the 70s.
         | 
         | There must be some old noble families with vaults of gold that
         | are "off the books".
        
         | the_optimist wrote:
         | You'll never see rich people argue for a wealth tax, but they
         | sure as hell will parade demanding that we raise taxes on
         | income of the service class.
        
           | javert wrote:
           | Which raises a subsequent question:
           | 
           | Why does the middle class clamor to raise taxes on the rich,
           | which won't appreciably benefit themselves, when they could
           | instead push to lower taxes on themselves, which will benefit
           | themselves?
           | 
           | Maybe different in Europe, but in the USA tax increases do
           | not find their way back to benefits for the public.
           | 
           | I mean unless by "public" you mean the next country we want
           | to "liberate" and bring "democracy" to...
        
             | medvezhenok wrote:
             | I'll copy my answer from above since I think it's an
             | important point and relates to your question:
             | 
             | "Money at the top levels is not at all like money for the
             | rest of us. For a middle class citizen, money is about
             | consumption and freedom to do what you want (with enough of
             | it).
             | 
             | At the top end of the distribution, money is no longer
             | about consumption or freedom (since you can never
             | realistically consume as much as they have, and you don't
             | have to work after you've saved like $10M). Money at that
             | level is a proxy for power - a group of oligarchs can
             | basically have the power of a shadow government, but
             | unelected. And the real question to ask is "how much
             | power/leverage do we want an individual (or a group of rich
             | oligarchs) to have in a democracy."
             | 
             | So taxing the rich is not even about spreading the wealth,
             | necessarily - if you redistributed it directly you might
             | get inflation by redirecting investment money into
             | consumption. It's more about limiting the amount of power
             | that a person can accumulate over others."
        
               | javert wrote:
               | If you take away rich people's money, other kinds of
               | "insiders" will still pull the levers to enrich
               | themselves and benefit their cronies at the expense of
               | the public well-being.
               | 
               | The regulatory state, even if democratic, is
               | fundamentally self-disregulating (as opposed to self-
               | regulating).
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | Anecdotal... my peers (upper middle-class in the US)
             | generally realize the taxes they pay fund all the stuff we
             | rely upon to stay upper middle-class. Good public schools,
             | roads, etc. We just want the rich to pay their fair share
             | too.
             | 
             | Or, if you're a jaded cynic, the rich are mostly just
             | greedy sociopaths. They want to minimize their own tax
             | burden and give zero fucks about the betterment of society.
             | They got theirs, screw everybody else.
        
               | javert wrote:
               | Both of those things are definitely untrue.
               | 
               | When I lived in the US, the vast majority of my taxes
               | went to the federal government and didn't come back in
               | local benefits like schools and roads.
               | 
               | (Sure, federal money comes back to universities in the
               | form of research grants which pay for foreign PhD
               | students to work in bullshit paper mills. I've seen that
               | firsthand. The wastage of federal money is near 100%.)
               | 
               | Separately, I've known lots of rich people. Of course,
               | they are just like other people. They are not all greedy
               | sociopaths. Grow up.
        
           | gaoshan wrote:
           | In fact they will use media, culture, religion and politics
           | to get sufficient numbers of the service class, as you call
           | it, to do that for them.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Never, eh?
           | 
           | https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/19/bill-gates-taxes-on-rich-
           | sho...
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/news/2020/jul/13/super-rich-
           | call...
           | 
           | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/01/06/the-ultra-
           | weal...
        
             | the_optimist wrote:
             | None of these are calls for wealth taxes. These are calls
             | for income taxes.
             | 
             | This is called "pulling up the ladder."
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | At least two of the articles specifically mention
               | increasing non-income taxes to tax wealth specifically.
               | It seems likely the third one does too, since it's
               | specifically about inherited wealth, but I didn't see a
               | specific reference either way at a glance.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Bill is calling for higher capital gains and inheritance
               | taxes, so not income taxes anyway.
               | 
               | The 'Millionaires for Humanity' don't specify what taxes
               | they'd like to see raised, but they emphasize they want
               | it on themselves.
               | 
               | And from the third article:
               | 
               | > Several members, including Molly Munger, the daughter
               | of Charlie Munger, the longtime vice-chairman of Warren
               | Buffett's firm, Berkshire Hathaway, have spoken in favor
               | of a wealth tax.
        
           | fit2rule wrote:
           | If we taxed expenditure, rather than revenue, they wouldn't
           | have a chance to hide a damn thing.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | That's factually incorrect. It's easy to make a list of rich
           | people specifically saying tax the rich more.
           | 
           | Leaving that aside, the 1% pay 38.5% of taxes, which seems
           | quite fair as is. We already tax the rich quite heavily.
           | 
           | I'd rather the focus be on compliance. Close the loopholes
           | and catch the tax evaders.
           | 
           | Wealth taxes, if you look at examples elsewhere both present
           | and historically, are hard to do well. I worry the government
           | is not sufficiently competent ( now or in the future) to
           | implement it correctly and it does more harm than good. It's
           | very easy to drive capital offshore and take the potential
           | investment and job creation with it.
        
             | geggam wrote:
             | > Leaving that aside, the 1% pay 38.5% of taxes, which
             | seems quite fair as is. We already tax the rich quite
             | heavily.
             | 
             | Given the fact the top 1% hold 43% of the global wealth I
             | think they aren't paying their fair share...
             | 
             | There is no need for someone to have 100 billion dollars
             | they an struggle by with 10 billion easy enough .. or even
             | 1 billion
             | 
             | https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/top-1-percent-of-
             | household...
        
               | ccn0p wrote:
               | so what's fair? 50%? 60? who decides? when does it stop?
        
               | lapinot wrote:
               | I think any wealth (not income!) over something like 1M
               | should be confiscated. :) There's no reason to have that
               | much money and there's no way you personally have
               | generated that wealth, most likely you just invested
               | money early enough in something sucessful to extort money
               | from it. This may sound provocating but it's actually
               | quite a sound model, but which would also mean
               | reconstructing what we mean by the economy... No
               | capitalistic ownership (eg investment is at most a loan,
               | you don't get propriety shares in exchange), no for-
               | profit renting, ...
               | 
               | And obviously funnelling all that money and economic
               | capital to some central state isn't gonna go well so
               | levels below and above the state need to be reinforced.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | This is a terrible idea put forward by people with no
               | grasp of either economics or history.
               | 
               | First off you can't buy a home in some parts with that
               | kind of money. But that aside, you'd stifle most
               | incentive to innovate, provide jobs, and live in your
               | country. Anyone who thought they might pass your 1M limit
               | will just leave to a country that doesn't do that. No
               | offense, but I've never been interested in living in the
               | US and you'd have to pay me quite a lot to accept a green
               | card. I certainly wouldn't take it if offered freely,
               | because it comes with a major tax liability. There are
               | nicer places in the world by a variety of metrics.
               | 
               | So if you chase away everyone with wealth you'll be left
               | paying 100% of the taxes instead of 60% and with no jobs
               | to pay them with. Good luck with that!
               | 
               | Look to Soviet Russia, Cuba, Venezuela for examples of
               | how that plays out.
        
               | lapinot wrote:
               | > This is a terrible idea put forward by people with no
               | grasp of either economics or history.
               | 
               | Thanks for the compliment. I guess you must know better
               | than Picketty (he doesn't exactly say what i said, but
               | does promote _very_ aggressive taxation of capital, which
               | is the same goal more gently said). Go study for
               | yourselve before insulting right and left. I know i did,
               | i 'm reading monthly issues of "le monde diplomatique".
               | 
               | > First off you can't buy a home in some parts with that
               | kind of money.
               | 
               | Perhaps instead of 1M$ you'd prefer if i say "the
               | equivalent of 100K ton of wheat at retail price"?
               | Obviously i'm talking from the perspective of my local
               | living standard which is west-european 500M people city.
               | 
               | > No offense, but I've never been interested in living in
               | the US
               | 
               | None taken, me neither.
               | 
               | > So if you chase away everyone with wealth you'll be
               | left paying 100% of the taxes instead of 60% and with no
               | jobs to pay them with. Good luck with that!
               | 
               | Ok so that's the only argument of your comment. It has
               | been debunked time and time again that for individuals,
               | fleeing a country because of taxes is minimal.
               | Corporations do that. And it can be fought by taxing
               | international transactions (which every sane economy but
               | the EU does anyway). Yes, in the end, it becomes a
               | frontal fight between the financial and industrial
               | establishment and your local economy, which obviously
               | will need some negotiation because they can hurt you, but
               | let it be clear that without them, it would work quite
               | well (and in reverse, in my economy, it would be quite
               | hard to practically be capitalistic). I don't even want
               | to eradicate capitalism, i'd just want to not mainly
               | depend on it for living and tip the balance to a much
               | more reasonable state.
               | 
               | > Look to Soviet Russia, Cuba, Venezuela for examples of
               | how that plays out.
               | 
               | You realize that my arguments were communist-ish? You're
               | not gonna scare me off pointing at these countries!
               | Obviously things went bad because the liberals virtually
               | control the world, so these countries had to fight for
               | everything, which breaks at some point. And obviously i'm
               | not defending dictatorship (and please note i'm not using
               | this strawman of the numereous capitalistic dictatorship
               | against you).
        
               | Tarsul wrote:
               | we should look at the big picture not just the
               | percentages that those people are taxed at the end.
               | Because in many cases the leading question is: How come
               | they earn so much more than every one else? Is it through
               | sheer talent and grit or is there something else going
               | on? Inheritance, structures that benefit those with
               | capital over those who labor, connections with the right
               | people etc. etc. And after analyzing all that coming back
               | to the question whether someone should earn 10.000 as
               | much as another person who works the same hours? Should
               | someone earn billions in a year and then use it for moon
               | shots like going to mars? Is that what the society needs
               | or can afford right now? Maybe. But for as long as there
               | are people who work 40 hours a week and cannot afford a
               | healthy life (e.g. having no trouble coming up with
               | emergency money, dont have to commute 2h just to get to
               | their minimum wage job etc.), there certainly is a
               | structural problem going on. This structural problem can
               | only be solved if - and that's the most important point -
               | wealth is shared more equally. Meaning taxation (and all
               | the structures that lead to income) has to take more from
               | those who earn more and give to those who cannot give
               | more. Well, that's if we want to live in a social
               | society, if not forget what I said.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Don't compare global wealth to share of US taxes. That
               | makes no sense.
        
             | watertom wrote:
             | The tax code is lopsided in favor of the rich, it's not
             | about paying a fair share, it's about the burden of the
             | taxes. The burden of taxes on the non-rich is significantly
             | greater than it is on the rich.
             | 
             | If I make $400K and I only need $75K to live, the burden of
             | my taxes is negligible.
             | 
             | If however I make $80K and I need $75K to live, taxes are
             | an unimaginable burden.
             | 
             | We fix the problem by evening out the burden, forget about
             | loopholes, eliminate all but 2 deductions, dependents and
             | primary residence, that's it.
             | 
             | Because the deductions have been eliminated lower the tax
             | rate for each bracket to the effective tax paid for each
             | bracket, the IRS has this data.
             | 
             | Then end capital gains tax, all income is taxed as earned
             | income.
             | 
             | These changes will give 99+% of the population a tax break,
             | and it will simplify taxes drastically for everyone.
             | 
             | The final step is to add 2 new brackets,
             | 
             | >$5M with a tax of 45% >$10M with a tax of 69%
             | 
             | The rich won't need to be making decision about if and when
             | to eat, but the burden of taxes will get leveled out.
             | 
             | We'll also have enough money to pay for Universal
             | Healthcare, and probably college tuition for everyone.
             | 
             | Go lookup the charts for income inequality for the U.S.
             | When the GOP tax cuts from Reagan's first term took effect
             | the income inequality gap started in earnest.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Unit
             | e...
        
             | medvezhenok wrote:
             | I think we're missing the forest for the trees by focusing
             | on exactly what the tax rates are and how much is "fair".
             | 
             | Money at the top levels is not at all like money for the
             | rest of us. For a middle class citizen, money is about
             | consumption and freedom to do what you want (with enough of
             | it).
             | 
             | At the top end of the distribution, money is no longer
             | about consumption or freedom (since you can never
             | realistically consume as much as they have, and you don't
             | have to work after you've saved like $10M). Money at that
             | level is a proxy for power - a group of oligarchs can
             | basically have the power of a shadow government, but
             | unelected. And the real question to ask is "how much
             | power/leverage do we want an individual (or a group of rich
             | oligarchs) to have in a democracy."
             | 
             | So taxing the rich is not even about spreading the wealth,
             | necessarily - if you redistributed it directly you might
             | get inflation by redirecting investment money into
             | consumption. It's more about limiting the amount of power
             | that a person can accumulate over others.
        
               | etherael wrote:
               | > It's more about limiting the amount of power that a
               | person can accumulate over others.
               | 
               | Does this not beg the question why not just limit power
               | itself rather than limiting wealth with the target side
               | effect that the wealthy will not easily purchase power as
               | a result?
               | 
               | Why is almost the entire species seemingly addicted to
               | the idea that the power itself is not the problem? You
               | can erect regulations on the corrosive influence of money
               | in politics until the cows come home but as long as the
               | ROI on lobbying is positive, it's a given that's going to
               | be the result.
               | 
               | On the other hand when there's no power to buy nobody
               | buys it by definition. Adjust above extreme observation
               | appropriately in order to justify the minimal possible
               | tolerable conglomeration of power availability in any
               | given system to find whatever tolerable level the reader
               | ends up comfortable with. Or viewed uncharitably, arrive
               | at the conclusion that's exactly what's already happened
               | and the human affliction of slavish devotion to power is
               | near universal and continuously growing and there's no
               | way to escape it short of completely opting out of modern
               | global civilization given the observed distribution of
               | the population constantly seeking to increase it.
        
               | gwright wrote:
               | One rationale for limited government is that there is a
               | direct, positive correlation between the power ceded to
               | government and the incentive to control/steer that power.
               | By limiting the power of government you reduce the
               | incentive to usurp or corrupt that power.
               | 
               | An extreme example of this would be a dictatorial regime
               | where control of the government becomes a life-or-death
               | concern for warring groups.
        
               | etherael wrote:
               | I agree, that's what I'm getting at. But instead contrast
               | that idea with the more broadly accepted one that it's
               | wealth that's the problem not power even though the
               | former seems like a much more accurate description than
               | the latter.
               | 
               | Maybe it's just a bug in humanity; control the world with
               | this one weird trick.
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | No idea why you're being downvoted
        
             | TAForObvReasons wrote:
             | Rich != Wealthy. "Rich" tends to refer to people who are
             | generating lots of cash, oftentimes through labor (like
             | doctors or lawyers or athletes). "Wealthy" tends to refer
             | to people who own lots of assets and generate cash through
             | asset appreciation/sales and real property.
             | 
             | Wealthy people will push for income taxes while trying to
             | eliminate capital gains and inheritance taxes.
             | 
             | This conversation came up years ago when Bill Gates Sr
             | tried to push for income taxes in Washington state and
             | critics pointed out that it would not affect wealthy
             | people.
        
               | devmunchies wrote:
               | yes, this is why people calling states with no income tax
               | as a "regressive" tax structure seems like a psyop.
               | 
               | Income tax taxes people who work for a living. Property +
               | capital gains tax both tax assets appreciation and rent
               | seekers (unless the investment is a high risk venture
               | into a startup or something ambitious).
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Maybe, but they are less regressive.
               | 
               | States without income taxes usually rely on sales or
               | excise taxes. In a "high tax" state like New York, poor
               | people don't pay income tax nor sales tax on food or
               | clothing. (A significant expense) Usually high tax
               | pressure is from property tax.
               | 
               | In a state like South Carolina, you have income tax, but
               | property taxes are very low. They make up for that by
               | taxing food, which results in higher taxation for poor
               | and elderly people.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | There is a third category of people who are resource
               | rich. People who owe oil wells, mines, some farms, etc.
               | 
               | Because of consolidation and the unique governance
               | structure of the US, these folks are enormously powerful
               | today.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | I didn't downvote, but the comment did confuse me as it's
             | an oddly specific complaint.
             | 
             | If indeed there are lots of very wealthy people who are
             | calling for higher income taxes on high earners (and I
             | personally didn't think that was something so common as to
             | be a stereotype) then that's hardly the worst thing they're
             | doing.
             | 
             | It comes across as someone who really doesn't like taxes,
             | probably because they've listened to too much propaganda
             | generated by very wealthy people who have a vested interest
             | in taxes being seen as a universally bad thing.
        
         | importantbrian wrote:
         | I've lived in Fort Lauderdale which is sometimes called the
         | world's yachting capitol. After seeing my first boat show I was
         | actually kind of shocked by the number of people in the "own a
         | large yacht" wealth bracket.
        
         | slifin wrote:
         | I have a conspiracy theory that Forbes created the rich list
         | 
         | Which intentionally does not have despots oligarchs or royals
         | to skew the conversation to a business matter which can get
         | lost in the left/right divide
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | sig-reduction wrote:
           | OP's conspiracy theory is absolutely true. There is a whole
           | thread of academic research estimating the right tail of the
           | wealth distribution (spoiler: the Fed household finances
           | microdata is garbage).
           | 
           | Diff the Bloomberg and Forbes rich lists... they're not the
           | same list. One oligarch on those lists had their estimated
           | net worth double after the Appleby leaks turned up some
           | trusts. I'm pretty sure Bloomberg just calls people up and
           | asks them how much they have.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | I guess it depends on where peoples wealth comes from. It's
             | probably far easier to estimate Zuckerberg and Bezos when
             | you know it's tied to a publicly traded company than if
             | it's all private. I have a good friend who is a billionaire
             | that laughs at these lists knowing they know nothing about
             | his money (not a public company), where it comes from, and
             | where it lives.
        
               | raziel2701 wrote:
               | Yup, Mexico has a ton of wealthy people because of drugs,
               | you don't see their names on these lists.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Now that is a good conspiracy theory :-)
        
           | YinglingLight wrote:
           | The investor class, the salary class (us), the wage class,
           | the welfare class.
           | 
           | Every outcry for equality that doesn't speak in these terms
           | is manufactured by the investor class. Occupy WallStreet
           | scared the bejeezus out of them. We now have Critical Race
           | Theory to divide us, Woke-ism, etc.
        
           | michael1999 wrote:
           | The don't list family trusts either. So multi-billionaire
           | families like the Rockafellers and the Rothchilds aren't
           | there.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | The Forbes rich list has some criteria such as from their own
           | revenue or share prices. Basically private market generated
           | wealth. There are exceptions and the line gets blurred really
           | quickly, but thats their stated goal.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Pretty simple with public companies. With private companies
             | and current market it really does get messy. I'm thinking
             | about Valve and how much higher it would be priced on
             | public market compared to private... And that can't be only
             | case. So the private market is quite dark place...
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Hey everyone, the wording dictates how you are misled.
       | 
       | Think about the alternate title for these benign actions:
       | 
       | Annual Report on Isle of Man financial sector
       | 
       | Hackers breach Cayman National Bank and Trust's Isle of Man
       | subsidiary, the second of major breaches for this institution
       | 
       | Post-Mortem, Cayman National Bank and Trust breach and client
       | behavior
       | 
       | Aggregating Customer trends sourced from hacked bank, using
       | pytorch
        
         | metalliqaz wrote:
         | misled how?
         | 
         | "man dies after impact with car"
         | 
         | is rightly reported as
         | 
         | "man booked for manslaughter after hit-and-run"
         | 
         | the technical details are perhaps not as important than the
         | criminality that transpired
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | following the analogy, this article and many others like it
           | conflate offshore with criminality while occasionally saying
           | "although use of licensed banks in these countries is not
           | illegal [in the host country and the client's country of
           | residence]" and then glossing over that for the rest of the
           | research paper, never quantifying any use case even with
           | leaked data, all to steer your emotions.
           | 
           | The internet is a mirror, it tells you what you want to see.
           | You should be most skeptical when things match your worst
           | nightmare.
        
             | metalliqaz wrote:
             | it is not technically criminal but deeply unfair. that's
             | what people care about
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | I can see that perspective
               | 
               | From my view the absurdity is that people are concerned
               | about why they arent being hosed equally by their own
               | government's revenue efforts instead of why they are
               | being hosed at all
               | 
               | This leads to a greater absurdity of demanding that
               | another country - that has a balanced budget - take money
               | that it doesnt need by taxing its customers and being mad
               | when they say no.
               | 
               | This requires a very special kind of hubris that I think
               | people need to 1) recognize they have bought into 2)
               | recognize that their neighbors don't subscribe to that
               | train of thought and have been operating by a much more
               | effective set of rules. So whatever you've been told is
               | probably just a lie if it bothers you that this is
               | usually legal.
               | 
               | I'm not saying it is practical for their own country to
               | balance their budget, or that their own country and
               | citizens/representatives have a consensus mechanism for
               | having a more fair revenue system whether by taxation or
               | otherwise. I am saying that has nothing to do with
               | countries that have figured out how to fund themselves by
               | offering financial services, or the people that use them.
        
             | clucas wrote:
             | You're saying "doing business with these banks is not
             | illegal, so there's nothing to be concerned about."
             | 
             | The author is saying "doing business with these banks is
             | not illegal, but they lack certain reporting requirements
             | that have been very helpful in revealing illegality, and we
             | should be concerned about that."
             | 
             | The author has given multiple reasons and cited other
             | studies showing why we should be concerned. At this point,
             | I think the burden of proof is on you to explain why the
             | author's concerns are unfounded. Why do you think
             | beneficial ownership registries and similar reporting
             | requirements are not needed?
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | I haven't addressed the author so my role isn't to make
               | an opinion on their conclusions, only the wording. For
               | example "Evidence" is used in the title as opposed to
               | "Transparency Report" or "Data from server breach", or
               | any of my other working titles which would be used for
               | literally any other industry.
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | I find it odd that the IRS does a lot of heavy lifting to go
       | after Joe-Blue-Collar but completely seems blind to the thousands
       | of money launderers both individuals and corps.
       | 
       | Personally, I think the entire financial system is broken and
       | should be squashed.
        
         | sig-reduction wrote:
         | > Personally, I think the entire financial system is broken and
         | should be squashed.
         | 
         | It's uglier than you can imagine.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | You might consider that your "it's all broken" feelings are
         | exactly what is desired by the people who have worked to
         | hamstring the IRS and generally tilt things in their favor.
         | 
         | The more cynical individual voters are about the system, the
         | easier it is for people with money and power to shift outcomes
         | to the ones that benefit them. It's the political equivalent of
         | a FUD strategy.
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | Next, you're going to tell me that social security isn't
           | going to collapse any day now...
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | They've been saying it since the 30s. I guess eventually it
             | has to collapse!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | The IRS doesn't do a lot of heavy lifting.
         | 
         | The IRS does a lot of stuff that can be easily handled by a
         | computer--matching up data from various sources to make sure it
         | agrees. Once it needs a human eyeball, though, they do very
         | little.
         | 
         | It's just your Joe-Blue-Collar guy has most of his finances
         | already reported to the IRS, anything wrong and the matching
         | computer will catch it.
        
           | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
           | This is the truth of the matter. Most errors/fraud for Joe-
           | Blue-Collar revolves around refundable tax credits as there's
           | a pretty good chance he's not even paying any income tax.
           | 
           | The EITC is particularly complex (blame Congress) and
           | therefore error/fraud-prone, but many aspects of typical
           | errors/fraud can be mechanically detected (is this a
           | qualifying child? is this qualifying child being claimed on
           | another return? is there undocumented non-W2/1099 income
           | being used to support this claim?).
        
           | TechBro8615 wrote:
           | They can also hire private companies to help, like they're
           | doing with crypto and some chain analysis company (I forget
           | which, maybe multiple).
           | 
           | It's a bit frightening that the IRS can deputize a
           | corporation but I guess with crypto you live by the sword,
           | die by the sword. Maybe the dystopia imagined by crypto
           | enthusiasts is a self-fulfilling prophecy. You get the
           | government you prepare for?
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | Yes, lets go back to the old ways. We'll exchange seashells
         | instead
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | The IRS was made to lay off of the rich by their friends in
         | Congress. Their enforcement budgets have been cut.
        
         | dragosmocrii wrote:
         | Most countries around the world did not have an income tax for
         | people before the WWI. It was introduced as a way to fund the
         | wars (defense, akhem), and as a way to come out of the ruins.
         | It was only meant to be a temporary measure. A century later,
         | we're still paying the income tax, and for some countries
         | that's still funding defense/wars...
         | 
         | https://www.investopedia.com/articles/tax/10/history-taxes.a...
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | There is probably an easier conclusion and that is the
         | cost/benefit analysis of chasing illegal money.
         | 
         | Firstly, a lot of what is happening is legal or at least a
         | grey-area. Secondly with the complexities of multi-juristiction
         | money and 100s of layers of obscurity that a rich person can
         | afford to put between them and their money (legally), would
         | _you_ bother spending 100s of 1000s of dollars looking into it
         | after which you might not find anything that can be prosecuted?
         | 
         | It costs little to look at a much simpler Joe-Blue-Collar
         | worker. Sad but true.
         | 
         | The only way I can imagine it being resolved is by requiring
         | full traceability for all financial transactions so I can
         | literally tell where all the money in an account originated
         | from. Can't see that happening.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | Even if Joe manages to evade $1000 in taxes, that won't even
         | buy a good meal in a posh restaurant to even discuss the matter
         | with a local politician. They are the easy target and they have
         | no bribing power, so the have no sympathy of powers that be.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | Intentional budget cuts and a harder target.
         | 
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/irs-sorry-but-its-just-ea...
         | 
         | > For now, the IRS says, while it agrees auditing more wealthy
         | taxpayers would be a good idea, without adequate funding
         | there's nothing it can do. "Congress must fund and the IRS must
         | hire and train appropriate numbers of [auditors] to have
         | appropriately balanced coverage across all income levels," the
         | report said.
         | 
         | > Since 2011, Republicans in Congress have driven cuts to the
         | IRS enforcement budget; it's more than a quarter lower than its
         | 2010 level, adjusting for inflation.
        
           | nostromo wrote:
           | Budget increases will not increase enforcement of rich,
           | politically connected individuals. It will just increase the
           | number of "low hanging fruit" middle-class people they will
           | go after.
           | 
           | Besides, many of the best tax evasion strategies are legal --
           | you just need an army of lawyers and a large pile of cash to
           | deploy them.
        
             | eli wrote:
             | > _many of the best tax evasion strategies are legal_
             | 
             | Isn't the premise of the linked paper that the wealthy use
             | these foreign banks to avoid getting caught underreporting
             | their income and assets? That's not legal.
        
             | froh wrote:
             | interesting. what makes you think so?
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | With enough lawyers you can get a low settlement value if
               | you are found wrong.
               | 
               | Your average middle class person can't afford to risk
               | taking the irs to court.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nostromo wrote:
               | If you doubled or tripled the number of cops in LA, would
               | they solve more difficult crimes in the monied and
               | lawyered Hollywood Hills? Or would they go after more
               | petty crime in South Central, where it's easy to get a
               | conviction?
        
               | froh wrote:
               | ok, so where I from tax fraud is also known as tax sin
               | Steuersunde. it's not like an obstacle that you evade or
               | a game where you dodge the ball. it's fraud and a crime,
               | and not a game to win.
               | 
               | consequentially the German IRS has bought data from Swiss
               | and Liechtenstein tax haven whistleblowers. several times
               | so. and to the amazement and applause of the public, very
               | prominent figures went to jail. like soccer legend Uli
               | Hoeness.
               | 
               | the corresponding Wikipedia article is surprisingly not
               | available in English yet:
               | 
               | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steuers%C3%BCnder-CD
               | 
               | long story short: if you, the American people, elect
               | representatives who want a fair system, you will get a
               | fair system.
               | 
               | of course IRS will go after tax fraud at scale if you
               | make them do that.
        
               | bananabreakfast wrote:
               | that's a poor comparison. The IRS are not cops, and the
               | monied and lawyered do not commit petty crime at a high
               | level whereas they do commit tax evasion at a much higher
               | level.
        
               | daniellarusso wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRS_Criminal_Investigatio
               | n
        
       | gundmc wrote:
       | Why is Brookings eligible for a .edu TLD?
        
         | mushufasa wrote:
         | Registrars don't enforce TLDs in the way you implicitly assume.
        
           | will4274 wrote:
           | Care to explain or just snark?
           | 
           | As best I can tell, Brookings would not be eligible since the
           | rule change in 2001 but was grandfathered in before this
           | (domain goes back to 1996). It's not clear why they weren't
           | purged with the other non-universities squatting on edu in
           | 2003 - I'd guess Brookings's political connections, frankly.
        
             | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | lgats wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.edu#Grandfathered_uses Domains
         | that were already registered in edu as of October 29, 2001,
         | were grandfathered into the system. Holders of such domain
         | names can retain their edu domain names without regard to the
         | current eligibility criteria.
         | 
         | Brookings.edu was first registered 07-Sep-1996, so it would
         | appear they are grandfathered in. Similar case for the S.F.
         | museum, the exploratorium.edu
         | https://domain.glass/Brookings.edu
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | "Please note: The .edu Cooperative Agreement allows registrants
         | that registered .edu domain names prior to the Agreement taking
         | effect October 29, 2001, to retain those registrations
         | regardless of whether the registrants meet the current .edu
         | eligibility requirements, so long as they renew their
         | registrations and otherwise follow domain policy"
         | 
         | https://net.educause.edu/eligibility.htm
         | 
         | FWIW the Smithsonian also has a .edu address.
        
           | gundmc wrote:
           | Thanks, makes sense. I guess the number of legacy exceptions
           | that are still relevant is vanishingly small so I haven't
           | encountered many.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | Can someone ELI5, what entities or convoluted mechanisms or
       | businesses do very rich people create / have access to that they
       | can minimize taxes, which the rest of us simply cannot take
       | advantage of here in regular life?
        
         | eli wrote:
         | This paper is mostly about tax fraud. It's "tax minimization"
         | in the same sense that you can get as job that pays cash and
         | you don't declare the income.
        
         | charlesdm wrote:
         | Depends on your citizenship. If you hold non US citizenship, it
         | is generally easy to avoid most taxes by physically relocating
         | to a tax haven (low or no tax). But that is perfectly legal,
         | not fraud.
        
           | eli wrote:
           | If people genuinely reside in these places they wouldn't need
           | the shell companies and bank secrecy described in the paper.
           | I don't have a problem with someone moving to a low-tax
           | jurisdiction in order to get lower taxes, but I think that is
           | really the exception.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | > But that is perfectly legal, not fraud.
           | 
           | Except if you don't actually relocate there, in which case
           | it's fraud.
        
         | sumtechguy wrote:
         | You can have the same tools but not necessarily the same
         | connections. The issue is usually capital. Most people do not
         | have it.
         | 
         | For example take Paris Hilton. When she had her DUI a few years
         | ago her 500k car got repo'd. Wah? She stopped making payments
         | on it. Payments?! Because she probably had it going through
         | some business expense structure and was probably literally
         | writing off the interest and payments. More than likely the
         | original money was borrowed against an existing capital asset.
         | If the sale price of the car did not make up the difference
         | they had to come up with whatever cash was left over. Like most
         | repos. But in this case it was a fairly flashy car that held
         | its value decently well. So they probably took a small loss.
         | But there was never any real risk to owning it.
         | 
         | Think of getting a HELEOC but running everything through that
         | type of borrowing structure. But since you 'know a guy' you get
         | the super awesome low interest rates. Which are business
         | expenses. That flashy show of hers was a way to write a bunch
         | of stuff off. Everything is an expense and a way to write it
         | off your taxes. In some cases it does not even affect your
         | taxes if you bury it in another company that is doing something
         | similar that you control 100% of and just happens to be in a
         | lower tax bracket. But gave you a sweetheart deal of leasing a
         | yacht for a small amount per year for being such a good
         | customer!
        
           | atweiden wrote:
           | See also: non-profit hijinks, e.g. individually managed funds
           | and supporting organizations. With enough upfront capital and
           | some administrative legwork, tax-free wealth management turns
           | into "philanthropy".
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Also in some cases with cars by my understanding leasing
           | makes lot more sense than buying. Like Rolls Royces where
           | lease payments might be lower than depreciation. So do you
           | actually buy this thing, or just the use of it. When later
           | might overall be cheaper. It's get bit weird with some
           | commodities.
        
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