[HN Gopher] Rapid Prototyping with a $100 Inkjet Printer
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       Rapid Prototyping with a $100 Inkjet Printer
        
       Author : SG16
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2021-05-23 12:13 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ygoliya.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ygoliya.medium.com)
        
       | 34679 wrote:
       | >treating the silver ink on a hot plate at 100-120C produces
       | acceptably conductive patterns
       | 
       | Therein lies the rub:
       | 
       | >the ideal resistivity of the silver ink traces would be less
       | than 5 times that of bulk silver.
       | 
       | >The ideal resistivities were not met, and the resistivity of the
       | sample ink traces ranged from five to ten times the bulk
       | resistivity.
       | 
       | https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/matesp/162/
        
         | kennywinker wrote:
         | Could you explain this a bit more - I think I don't quite know
         | enough about electronics to follow the criticism.
         | 
         | Are you saying the traces are too resistive, or not resistive
         | enough? How would that manifest - i.e. I see working circuits
         | on the video, but are there classes of circuits that this would
         | not work for?
        
           | wiml wrote:
           | Too resistive, or at least, higher than what they were aiming
           | for.
           | 
           | You can compensate by making traces wider to get a lower
           | resistance from the same resistivity, or by running circuits
           | slower (digital circuit speed is often limited by the RC time
           | constant where C is parasitic capacitance of an input
           | somewhere -- a higher-resistance trace takes longer to charge
           | up the input gate capacitance). How hard it is to adjust for
           | the higher resistivity will depend on the circuit, of course.
        
           | KMnO4 wrote:
           | Too resistive. Copper, silver, and gold are used because they
           | have very low resistance. Having high resistance in the
           | traces makes anything more complex than a few low speed
           | components not practical.
        
             | zbrozek wrote:
             | There's a ton of stuff I make (especially for hobby
             | projects) where I'm pretty sure it wouldn't really matter.
             | I'd love to fidget with stuff like this, especially since I
             | just acquired a wide-format inkjet printer.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jedimastert wrote:
       | The "Show HN" tag is usually reserved for shipped products
       | created by the original poster.
        
       | tomcooks wrote:
       | While the idea is amazing, I can't help but think about the
       | environment. Until I'm not good enough at electronics and
       | prototyping I think it's cheaper and safer for the environment if
       | I experiment with a breadboard
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | That's cool. Punch holes in these printouts, glue different
       | layers together, add some extra ink into the holes for conductive
       | connections between layers ("vias" [0]) and you can make multi-
       | layer boards easily.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_(electronics)
        
         | cushychicken wrote:
         | Wonder how impedance control is with paper in lieu of FR-4.
        
           | xondono wrote:
           | Probably quite poor.
           | 
           | FR4 boards are built with woven fibers, and you can get
           | measurable differences depending on how tight the weave
           | pattern is, or the angle of your transmission line relative
           | to the weave pattern. Given that paper is not woven, I'd
           | expect a lot more dispersion than on cheap PCBs.
           | 
           | That said, with a good enough process able to press the paper
           | + resin stack reliably, you could possibly get something
           | usable.
        
           | dhdc wrote:
           | Probably non-existent since the thickness of insulation layer
           | isn't controlled.
           | 
           | Surprisingly, silicone rubber has a dielectric constant
           | between 2 and 4 [1], which is pretty close to FR-4's 4.4. So
           | maybe it isn't impossible?
           | 
           | [1]https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/polymers/polymers-09-005
           | 33...
        
       | kqr2 wrote:
       | Any more details on cost effectiveness? In this case the printer
       | isn't the main cost but the ink.
       | 
       | https://store.novacentrix.com/category-s/1836.htm
        
         | pvitz wrote:
         | I would be also very interested in the costs. It certainly
         | saves some time, but how does it compare to etching your PCBs
         | at home?
        
         | opencl wrote:
         | The cost is probably not that bad on a per-unit basis, a 50mL
         | seems like it should last for a pretty large number of PCBs.
         | The problem is that the resulting PCBs are almost completely
         | useless because you can't solder anything to them without
         | melting the substrate.
         | 
         | The ink that works with standard inkjet printers just doesn't
         | stick to materials like FR4 or kapton. There are specialized
         | machines for printing conductive ink onto usable PCB substrates
         | either with an extruder or screenprinting but they are at a
         | minimum several thousand dollars and have extremely expensive
         | consumables.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | That explains why all of their examples are things like
           | temperature sensors, humidity sensors, or antennas. I guess
           | you stick wires on the paper using some sort of conductive
           | glue?
        
       | 1MachineElf wrote:
       | I wonder if circuits printed on paper would yield themselves to
       | the same specialized applications as flexible PCBs.
       | 
       | For example, there are many variations of custom-made Dactyl
       | keyboards, most of which require hand-wiring to accommodate for
       | the curved shape of the design:
       | https://github.com/adereth/dactyl-keyboard
       | 
       | Innovative designers have come up with alternatives that rely of
       | flexible PCBs. The most recent example I recall is the Bastyl
       | keyboard:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/mechmarket/comments/jvacs6/gb_basty...
       | 
       | I don't know how to even begin prototyping with flex PCBs, but
       | that barrier to entry may be lessened with paper circuits like
       | these.
        
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       (page generated 2021-05-23 23:01 UTC)