[HN Gopher] Wormhole Tunnels in Spacetime May Be Possible, New R...
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       Wormhole Tunnels in Spacetime May Be Possible, New Research
       Suggests
        
       Author : awb
       Score  : 121 points
       Date   : 2021-05-20 18:50 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
        
       | del_operator wrote:
       | Yeah, possible like the chance of hitting a rational on the real
       | line with a dart -- dense jokes of measure zero.
        
       | seph-reed wrote:
       | Out of curiosity -- if wormholes were mastered -- would that
       | allow us to reach things currently believed to be beyond our
       | cosmic horizon?
       | 
       | Or would there already have to be something on both ends?
        
         | elevaet wrote:
         | There has to be something placed on both ends, in all of the
         | scenarios I've read.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | You can get to Alpha Centauri tomorrow... you just have to
           | wait a few years for the other jump gate to get there first.
        
       | jnurmine wrote:
       | The concept of "travelling backwards in time" is very odd.
       | 
       | To "travel in time" I guess first one would have to define what
       | exactly is this "time" one is about to travel backwards in.
       | 
       | So... what exactly is "time"?
       | 
       | And does "time" even exist as something concrete which can be
       | traversed? Or, is "flow of time" just something created within
       | the brain as a way to keep track of changes in things we
       | experience?
       | 
       | Or is it something else, something totally different?
       | 
       | (I don't know the answers, I'm asking based on what "time travel"
       | could be possible in the first place. Hoping John Titor chimes
       | in, too.)
        
         | warent wrote:
         | I don't know the answers to all of your questions, but I can
         | say with confidence that the "flow of time" is not an invention
         | of the brain. We can (and frequently do) make measurements that
         | demonstrate time is an objective dimension of the universe that
         | interacts with space and matter.
         | 
         | There have been really awesome experiments around this. For
         | example, it has been demonstrated that moving a particle at
         | relativistic speeds increases its half-life, which can only be
         | explained by time dilation.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | IANAPhysicist, but traveling backwards in time would violate at
         | least the law of conservation of matter. Traveling forward in
         | time, on the other hand, feels like something actually
         | possible. You're already traveling forward in time at the rate
         | of 1, so nothing would break if you somehow created a bubble of
         | space around you where time ticks at a different (positive)
         | rate.
        
         | MauranKilom wrote:
         | > Or, is "flow of time" just something created within the brain
         | as a way to keep track of changes in things we experience?
         | 
         | If it wasn't, odds are somebody would have built a computer by
         | now that "remembers" the stock prices for tomorrow.
        
       | cryptoz wrote:
       | Related, but not wormholes: Last night I watched this video on
       | loop for a long time, of stars at the center of our galaxy
       | orbiting the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. Really a
       | mind-blowing video. https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1825e/
        
         | cat199 wrote:
         | > Last night I watched this video on loop for a long time,
         | 
         | Sounds like you found a different kind of wormhole :)
        
         | Swenrekcah wrote:
         | Amazing video, thanks! Really interesting to see the sudden
         | increase in speed in that one star. I wonder if it has any
         | detectable effects on that star's planets.
         | 
         | Edit: after watching it again it seems to be a matter of
         | perspective but I thought it was about how close it orbited the
         | black hole.
        
         | thinker403 wrote:
         | This absolutely made my day. I had no idea this existed!
         | Putting it on .25 speed and looping it allows you to really see
         | the warping taking place. I wonder if the four or five
         | similarly sized light orbs moving in and out are really just
         | the distorted light from one star?
        
         | virgil_disgr4ce wrote:
         | Wow. That is $)(*ing awesome. In the traditional sense of
         | inspiring cosmic awe.
        
         | pp19dd wrote:
         | It's just amazing how satisfying these little incremental
         | observations are, and equally amazing how much work goes into
         | it.
         | 
         | What I found similarly fascinating was this interactive of our
         | neighborhood - 33 light-year field, green are detected planets:
         | https://gruze.org/fly_10pc/ (mouse wheel, click n drag, right
         | click and drag)
        
       | jimhefferon wrote:
       | Folks who, like me, are interested but not professional
       | physicists, may find illuminating Sean Carroll's podcast.
       | https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/ He is a CalTech
       | faculty physicist with wide interests and perhaps a third of the
       | episodes are about research physics. I remember several that
       | discussed wormholes and associated topics seriously, from the
       | standpoint of world-class researchers. I think anyone interested
       | in HN would be able to follow the conversations closely.
        
         | gyldenlund wrote:
         | Thanks for this!
        
         | jperras wrote:
         | Sean Carroll is incredible, and his textbook on Spacetime &
         | Geometry was the only reason I understood anything in my
         | graduate-level class on general relativity. There's truly an
         | art to be able to explain incredibly complex topics in an
         | easy(er) to understand way.
        
         | crmd wrote:
         | I can't recommend enough Sean's "Biggest Ideas in the Universe"
         | video series [1]
         | 
         | It's a series of 24 1-2 hour lectures + Q&A/recitations that
         | assumes no prior knowledge of physics and aims to get you
         | roughly to the knowledge level of a modern undergrad BA
         | physics.
         | 
         | For someone who loves science documentaries but was frustrated
         | at most being aimed at high school-level and skipping all the
         | math, Sean's series was a game changer for me.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrxfgDEc2NxZJcWcrxH3jyjUU...
        
           | wheels wrote:
           | > _It's a series of 24 1-2 hour lectures [...] level of a
           | modern undergrad BA physics._
           | 
           | Wait, what? That's completely bonkers. There's absolutely no
           | way to condense four years of studies into two days of
           | YouTube. I can't believe I'm even having to say this.
           | 
           | I'm hoping what you mean is "introduce you to the topics that
           | would be covered in an undergrad physics degree". In 24 hours
           | you could reasonably mention each of the topics covered in a
           | degree and describe what that field is about.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | Did you say BA on purpose or did you just generally mean
           | undergrad degree?
           | 
           | Yes, stupid question, I know.
        
       | wearywanderer wrote:
       | A few thoughts:
       | 
       | 1. The possibility of wormholes isn't new.
       | 
       | 2. You still need to be thinner than spaghetti to go through what
       | they're talking about.
       | 
       | 3. They're stretching the words 'relatively easy' to ludicrous
       | limits: _And because entanglement is a standard feature of
       | quantum physics, it is relatively easy to create. "It's really a
       | beautiful theoretical idea,"_
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | communication through them should be possible, though, no?
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | I'm betting if it's possible, it will happen within our
           | lifetimes, possibly as soon as 20 years ago.
        
           | libria wrote:
           | If you haven't had any messages sent to you from Future
           | fnord77, suffice it to say we won't have figured out how to
           | do that in our lifetime.
        
             | firebaze wrote:
             | If we'll figure this out, we'll (very) probably also have
             | figured how out to calculate the effects of communicating
             | with the past.
             | 
             | So, no. This doesn't tell us anything about the
             | possibility, it merily tells us, even if it _was_ possible,
             | we're collectively to stupid yet to deal with it without
             | destroying our future which would've led to inventing such
             | a device.
        
               | taberiand wrote:
               | That sounds like something someone communicating from the
               | future would say...
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | unrelated tangent but this reminded me a funny thing i read
             | 
             | inspirational quote: "Your future self is complaining about
             | how much time you waste"
             | 
             | person: i'll show him! i'll ruin his f**ing life!
        
             | jmeyer2k wrote:
             | In the abstract of the linked paper in the article, they
             | mention that wormholes "can't violate causality" [1]. So,
             | this wouldn't be possible even if we were able to invent
             | wormholes in our lifetime.
             | 
             | [1]:
             | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP12(2017)151
        
             | mrfusion wrote:
             | It could be you can only communicate back to the point
             | where it was built.
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | The physics of interacting with your previous self are
             | undefined with many plausible solutions.
             | 
             | It is entirely plausible that the universe limits your
             | interactions with your past causal self to a small range,
             | allows arbitrary overlapping world lines, blocks all causal
             | violations entirely, or has disastrous consequences for
             | time loops.
             | 
             | My personal bet is that the universe has no reason to care
             | that you've interacted with your past self given a
             | consistent proper time worldline. This however removes
             | conservation of energy and momentum in the universe, which
             | General Relativity also does not preserve.
             | 
             | Of course this does allow for misuse of causal loops to
             | generate arbitrarily large/infinite amounts of energy
             | without any bounds on observability.
        
               | HeckFeck wrote:
               | Your comment echoes the film 'Interstellar' and I now
               | have a desire to watch it again.
               | 
               | Who says science can't fill the soul with wonder?
        
         | dataflow wrote:
         | I really _want_ to think that was a pun. Relatively easy, just
         | quantumly hard.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | Every thing is easy relatively to impossible
        
         | slver wrote:
         | They're saying tunnels are possible. They didn't say people (or
         | any organic life on Earth) would travel through them.
         | 
         | Honestly just encoding any communication through them
         | successfully would turn our world upside down.
         | 
         | That said, wormholes are a bit of the pet crackpot theory of
         | the scientific community right now. Black holes are definitely
         | a thing. White holes are pure conjecture based on extrapolating
         | math in very hand-wavey ways. And wormholes (i.e. the idea of
         | black/white holes where information can travel between them)
         | are even less plausible.
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | The last link in the article is to a paper called "Humanly
         | Traversable Wormholes". Here is an excerpt from its conclusion
         | _" In fact, it allows for solutions where the wormholes are big
         | enough that a person could traverse them and survive. From the
         | outside they resemble intermediate mass charged black holes.
         | Their big size comes from demanding that a human traveller can
         | survive the tidal forces."_, from [PDF]
         | https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.066007
        
         | nawgz wrote:
         | > 2. You still need to be thinner than spaghetti
         | 
         | I understand this is some form of hyperbole, but would what
         | they propose be sufficient to transport masses of some raw
         | elements around? Let's say some advanced civilization sent out
         | mining expeditions, and desired a way to transport back that
         | material FTL for example
        
           | wearywanderer wrote:
           | From my reading of the PDF, they're talking about wormholes
           | with a radius less than 10^-21 meters. The Bohr radius is
           | 10^-11.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | I'd be more interested in sticking one end into the sun's
           | corona and getting an infinite rocket engine
        
             | mLuby wrote:
             | I wouldn't expect an exhaust plume passing through a
             | wormhole to move the wormhole itself (or the heavily curved
             | "portals" at its ends) any more than a plume would move
             | "flat"/"normal" spacetime.
             | 
             | Separately, Kurzgesagt did a video on stellar engines
             | (which can be much less exotic than wormholes); sounds like
             | what you're describing: https://youtu.be/v3y8AIEX_dU
        
             | jimmygrapes wrote:
             | Please use somebody else's sun
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | > You still need to be thinner than spaghetti to go through
         | what they're talking about.
         | 
         | Uh, so no stargates anytime soon? That's disappointing.
        
         | virgil_disgr4ce wrote:
         | > stretching the words 'relatively easy' to ludicrous limits
         | 
         | I take it they mean "easier than supplying 1000 galaxies-worth
         | of energy" or similar
        
           | wearywanderer wrote:
           | Right. It's 'easy' relative to the utterly impossible. But
           | it's 'utterly impossible' relative to anything any reasonable
           | human might consider easy.
        
             | thereddaikon wrote:
             | Then they are using the term right. They said relatively
             | easy, not absolutely easy.
        
               | wearywanderer wrote:
               | I agree that it's not _flat wrong_ , it's just a huge
               | stretch. Compared to what they propose, a commercially
               | viable fusion power plant is "relatively easy."
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | It's not helpful to the reader, though.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Sending matter probably isn't important. Data, though. That's
         | valuable.
        
       | lsiunsuex wrote:
       | I'm going to venture to guess anything and everything is possible
       | 
       | How many billions of light years big is our universe? A size so
       | huge, we can't fathom that number or distance.
       | 
       | We observe or think we're observing black holes, dieing stars,
       | super novas, etc...
       | 
       | We think dark matter exists and fills the voids of what we can't
       | view
       | 
       | We observe viruses and try to kill them, atoms, etc...
       | 
       | We're on the edge (few years? decade max?) of producing picometer
       | processors
       | 
       | So yes - wormhole travel is possible. Reversing the pull of
       | gravity is possible. Traveling faster than the speed of light is
       | possible. We are just not smart enough (yet) to do these things.
       | 
       | What's the saying? If life exists elsewhere other than earth,
       | there are probably thousands and thousands of civilizations out
       | there due to the size of the universe? Then yes, all these things
       | are possible and something has probably already done it - we're
       | just not there yet.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | Even if microscopic, wormholes that allow information to be
       | transmitted through them would still be interesting if the ends
       | can be moved independently:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole#Time_travel
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | I want two network cards that have trillions of entangled
         | quantum states between them so I can network to anywhere.
         | 
         | Sadly that is not how quantum entanglement works.
        
         | nojokes wrote:
         | So the first to implement it would be HFT?
        
           | cosmodisk wrote:
           | And then PornHub would follow shortly after.
        
       | inter_netuser wrote:
       | Actual meat: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01920
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | shakezula wrote:
         | They mention the magnetization of blackholes - is this related
         | to the other black holes post on front page today?
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27223520
         | 
         | Utilizing the extreme magnetic polarization of a black hole
         | seems pretty sci-fi but sounds sweet as hell.
        
           | the8472 wrote:
           | Seems unrelated. This paper is talking about the black hole
           | itself (not its accretion disk). And it's also talking about
           | a magnetic charge rather than a magnetic field. This would
           | require magnetic monopoles, which are hypothetical.
        
             | shakezula wrote:
             | Interesting! Thank you for the clarification. I am a total
             | noob at astrophysics but the two seemed coincidentally
             | related.
        
             | zardo wrote:
             | Is there a working EM theory where div B != 0
        
       | Ansil849 wrote:
       | Does anyone else get just a little bit sad that we will not be
       | around to see actual practical advances made with wormholes?
       | 
       | I wonder if this is what people in earlier centuries felt, a bit
       | of melancholy at the dream that hundreds of years from now
       | someone may be able to walk on the then newly-discovered moon,
       | and knowing they would not be around to see it happen.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > Does anyone else get just a little bit sad that we will not
         | be around to see actual practical advances made with wormholes?
         | 
         | Thing is, I felt sad when I heard about IP the first time, and
         | some people said we were gonna have a huge network everyone can
         | talk with each other, across borders. Because I thought we'd
         | never achieve that in my lifetime.
         | 
         | But here we are, things move a lot faster (sometimes) than what
         | you think. Maybe because of the inviting incentive of basically
         | teleportation, research on wormholes will be faster.
        
           | Ansil849 wrote:
           | I don't think a new networking protocol is remotely
           | comparable to an entire new form of matter.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | I'm not comparing them, I'm comparing the feeling of "This
             | will be so far in the future that I will never experience
             | it" that I got from IP and international networks, since
             | someone else felt the same way about wormholes.
        
         | daseiner1 wrote:
         | i'm pleased to inform that the moon is quite visible to the
         | naked eye.
        
         | Normille wrote:
         | >I wonder if this is what people in the 17th century felt, a
         | bit of melancholy at the dream that hundreds of years from now
         | someone may be able to walk on the then newly-discovered
         | moon...
         | 
         | I'm no historian. But I'm pretty sure people had discovered The
         | Moon a wee while before the C17th.
        
         | jorvi wrote:
         | > Does anyone else get just a little bit sad that we will not
         | be around to see actual practical advances made with wormholes?
         | 
         | Depending on your age, you will. With the massive progress
         | quantum computing and further advances in AI will bring. I have
         | a feeling we will be able to 'back up' people their brain
         | within a few decades. Regrowing a body or producing a
         | sufficiently advanced (and cheap) robotical surrogate may be
         | further away, but technical immortality might be very
         | achievable.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | > Does anyone else get just a little bit sad that we will not
         | be around to see actual practical advances made with wormholes?
         | 
         | Speaking of other things that feel like science fiction,
         | there's a good chance that we cure aging in the coming decades.
        
         | amayne wrote:
         | > I wonder if this is what people in the 17th century felt, a
         | bit of melancholy at the dream that hundreds of years from now
         | someone may be able to walk on the then newly-discovered moon,
         | and knowing they would not be around to see it happen.
         | 
         | Could you elaborate on this newly-discovered moon you're
         | speaking of?
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | Clearly humanity saw and knew about the Moon since forever,
           | and somebody likely did think of walking on it or whatnot.
           | 
           | At some point in the 17th century our technology allows us to
           | have a better view of the Moon and even led to this
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/17th-
           | century-a...
           | 
           | I think this may count as a new "discovery" phase of our
           | relationship with the familiar celestial object, and may have
           | indeed prompted an uptake in fantasies about perhaps one day
           | walking in it.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | Whenever somebody mentions melancholy, I immediately think
         | about this engraving:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melencolia_I#/media/File:Albre...
         | 
         | (Sorry for relative offtopic)
        
       | benlivengood wrote:
       | The most useful thing wormholes could be used for is
       | hypercomputers (if causality can be violated); or simply
       | bypassing the Bekenstein bound with FTL communication in a
       | processor exceeding the mass that would turn it into a black hole
       | if it was spatially adjacent; or building an interstellar network
       | that could survive the big rip.
       | 
       | Anything that mastered wormhole creation is also likely to expand
       | into the universe at close to the speed of light with wormhole-
       | carrying Von Neumann probes, making the Fermi paradox even more
       | extreme if wormholes can be created.
        
       | freddealmeida wrote:
       | No it is not. As a maths guy I can tell you two things. One: math
       | does not make it true. Two: You need to be able to build a
       | disprovable model against this. No. No wormhole. Its not even
       | needed to explain behavior. this is pure science fiction.
        
         | del_operator wrote:
         | Proved by seductive physics maybe
        
         | msgilligan wrote:
         | Scientific American is becoming the new version of Bob
         | Guccione's Omni magazine:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omni_(magazine)
        
           | froh wrote:
           | They should call it "The Omnion" to avoid confusion with
           | America's Finest News Source.
        
           | Diederich wrote:
           | I had a subscription in the late 70s and early 80s. Very
           | enjoyable material. (: Some fraction of it would be somewhat
           | rigorous science, but the rest was pretty fanciful, fun
           | stuff.
           | 
           | ADDED: Beautiful, and here's the relatively short lived TV
           | show Omni Magazine: The New Frontier (1987)
           | https://youtu.be/kdwEGc_g6Gw?t=68
           | 
           | Great stuff.
        
             | msgilligan wrote:
             | My mother subscribed in the late 80's because she was
             | dating a science professor (who she eventually married) and
             | wanted to be more conversant in science.
             | 
             | I remember visiting her and picking up the latest issue
             | from her coffee table. The headline story: DINOSAUR SEX --
             | complete with full-color artist's renditions. I had a great
             | time teasing her about it.
             | 
             | https://chasmosaurs.blogspot.com/2017/07/vintage-dinosaur-
             | ar...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Dumblydorr wrote:
         | I'm not a maths guy, can you clarify why you're so certain?
         | Your post lacks evidence or details so, as a layman, I don't
         | know what makes you certain.
        
           | aduitsis wrote:
           | I dare say the important part is being able to come up with
           | experiments that, if successful, would disprove a theory:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability
        
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