[HN Gopher] UK Rail services to come under unified state control
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       UK Rail services to come under unified state control
        
       Author : petewailes
       Score  : 265 points
       Date   : 2021-05-20 06:33 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | whazor wrote:
       | Applause for the Transport Supremo for getting this done (for
       | reference check Bed of Nails from Yes Minister).
        
         | rich_sasha wrote:
         | Ah yes, the Transport Muggins!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | cies wrote:
       | And so the privatization experiment come to an end. Bye bye
       | Thatcherism. I hope this silly belief in the cure-all of "small
       | govt" will die with it.
       | 
       | Sure govt's should not supply all food, or luxury good, or ...
       | But public transport, schools, hospitals, ...
       | 
       | I think we should make a good set of rules by which we can decide
       | which typed of biz should be in private hands, and what we prefer
       | public.
       | 
       | The Fed, Blackwater, prisons, rail, hospitals, banks... What
       | could possibly go wrong?
        
         | leskat wrote:
         | For what it's worth, even Thatcher thought rail privatisation
         | was "a privatisation too far" [1].
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail#...
        
           | cies wrote:
           | Thatcherism went beyond the namesake :)
        
         | throwaway210222 wrote:
         | > The Fed, Blackwater, prisons, rail, hospitals, banks... What
         | could possibly go wrong?
         | 
         | This is not a universal truth. Come enjoy an African government
         | hospital, then sample one of the listed private hospitals.
        
           | fnord123 wrote:
           | "There exists a private hospital in a country of superior
           | quality to a public hospital in the same country" is a weak
           | claim. Even weaker is "there exists a private hospital in the
           | world of superior quality to a public hospital also in the
           | world".
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | I'm fairly certain that the claim you're replying to is
             | that private hospitals in the countries in question are
             | consistently better than public ones.
        
               | fnord123 wrote:
               | If that was the claim, then why consider African
               | hospitals instead of any hospital?
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Because those are the countries in question.
        
               | throwaway210222 wrote:
               | because:
               | 
               | 1. its were I live
               | 
               | 2. its where glib statements about the virtues
               | government-run organisations slam into cold hard reality.
               | More so than say Switzerland.
               | 
               | 3. try get an EU/US/CA/AU/NZ/JP expat to work in Africa
               | and expect his family to use government hospitals.
               | Really, try.
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | Private hospitals are usually nicer than public ones
             | everywhere, but that's obviously to be expected.
             | 
             | However, that misses the point of state involvement in
             | education and healthcare, which is universal access. Of
             | course people with money will have access to (good) schools
             | and (good) healthcare. The state is involved so that
             | _everyone_ has access to those services.
        
               | fnord123 wrote:
               | Education and healthcare also have network effects. If
               | people near you are ill then you're likely to also become
               | ill. If people around you think taxation is theft and
               | coercion then they can band together and elect people
               | with similar brain worms into government.
        
         | Traster wrote:
         | No it doesn't, this is absolutely not the end of privatization.
         | Private companies will still be running all the trains, the
         | only difference will be they'll be run under the branding of
         | GBR so that people can't complain about the private companies.
         | 
         | All this does is move the accountability away from the private
         | companies.
        
           | cies wrote:
           | Sadly.
        
         | JgiuX76h wrote:
         | This type of "privatization" doesn't make the government any
         | smaller. There is still exactly the same amount of coercion and
         | government control.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Building railways roads and essential national
           | infrastructure... Coersion?
        
             | JgiuX76h wrote:
             | Yes. Taxing people to pay for those things requires
             | coercion. Preventing other people from providing completing
             | services requires coercion.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | I have lives in 3 coubtries and never seen a government
               | preventing anyone from building private roads, railways,
               | etc. Somehow essential infrastructure is not a popular
               | business investment
               | 
               | Also by that logic stopping people from dueling or
               | stabbing each-other on the street is coersion . Stopping
               | coersion by mafia is coersion. How is this a usefull
               | concept?
        
               | modo_mario wrote:
               | So how are they prevented from building competing tracks
               | and more importantly how would one build competing tracks
               | if allowed?
        
               | cies wrote:
               | Tax could befall only businesses, which are coerced
               | anyway (as you need a license to start a business). Then
               | the businesses increase prices for their products, for
               | which consumers ultimately pay (uncoerced).
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | I was always wondering how the experiment in British rail would
       | write its next chapter.
       | 
       | The logic of privatization seemed odd to me: "You have a choice
       | now -- if you weren't satisfied with the service you received on
       | your trip to Manchester, you can go to Leeds instead!"
        
         | scatters wrote:
         | Some intercity routes are (were) open access, particularly the
         | East Coast. Of course this was dependent on spare capacity
         | being available.
        
       | bsd44 wrote:
       | Yes please! It's long overdue! The state of current rail services
       | cannot possibly be any worse!
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | I suspect a key divide in reaction to this news is between those
       | of us who are member British Rail and those of us who don't. I
       | do. It was like stabbing yourself with broken glass.
        
       | jpswade wrote:
       | This is fantastic news.
        
       | 0898 wrote:
       | It's not impossible that one day our rail network could stand
       | shoulder to shoulder with GOV.UK and the NHS - which I don't
       | think it's too hyperbolic to suggest are both the envy of the
       | world.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | UK rail suffers from the service provider having zero
       | accountability to the paying customer at the point of service.
       | It's the DMV on rails.
       | 
       | Obviously there are no competing train companies / train tracks /
       | signalling systems. If you want to vote with your wallet you only
       | have two ways of leveraging better service: demand compensation
       | or stop using the trains altogether.
       | 
       | The problem with a nationalised rail system is... _it will also
       | have zero accountability to the paying customers!_
       | 
       | What would be really helpful would be to have an independent and
       | powerful ombudsman who can crack down on sloppy service, and I'm
       | pleased to see this given brief mention in The Guardian's
       | coverage. We shall see.
        
       | jabl wrote:
       | What is actually changing here? The article says GBR will be
       | responsible for ticketing, prices and schedules, which makes
       | sense that you can buy a ticket for anywhere on the rail system
       | regardless of which company happens to operate which line at
       | whichever moment.
       | 
       | What I don' understand, is that the article says that the
       | 'government has ended rail franchising', which AFAIU was the
       | process where private companies bid to handle certain routes. Now
       | this is to be replaced with 'concessions', which AFAIU is a
       | bidding process where private companies bid to operate certain
       | routes. What's the difference?
        
         | dua2020 wrote:
         | A concession means the private company operates the railway for
         | a set fee and a set operational standard, the state owner will
         | retain ticket revenue (and risk). This is how the London
         | Overground concession works.
         | 
         | A franchise basically gives all operation responsibilities and
         | ticket revenue to the private operator, in return, the private
         | operator gives a lump sum bid for the contract at the
         | beginning.
        
       | carlsborg wrote:
       | Fantastic. Train fares in the UK are prohibitively high. It is at
       | times cheaper to fly via Spain than it is to travel to London
       | from the North East by train, as this story demonstrates.
       | 
       | https://metro.co.uk/2017/06/27/man-flies-from-newcastle-to-l...
        
         | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
         | There is no way the Treasury has agreed to renationalisation in
         | order to put the fares down. Expect them to go up, if anything.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Yup. I lived in London for a year and pretty much just traveled
         | by train the whole time. I feel like I missed out on a lot of
         | cool trips around the city because train tickets were absurdly
         | expensive.
        
         | abainbridge wrote:
         | Isn't transport by plane just cheaper to provide than rail? You
         | don't need to maintain railway lines, bridges, tunnels, points,
         | overhead power lines, signalling or intermediate stations.
         | Routing congestion is reduced because planes can move in 3D.
         | There is no rolling resistance and air friction is reduced due
         | to flying high-up where the air is thin. Airports are built
         | away from city centres, where land is cheap. The natural
         | monopolies of rail-track providers are avoided. I think it
         | would be amazing if train travel was as cheap as air travel.
        
           | markus92 wrote:
           | The energy requirements are vastly different, rolling stock
           | is a lot cheaper than airframes etc.
        
             | abainbridge wrote:
             | Good points. A 737 costs about $90M and seats about 162
             | people. Let's say it lasts 10 years and does 4 journeys per
             | day, that's 14600 journeys in its life. So $38 per journey
             | is needed to pay for the plane. A train costs $15M and has
             | about twice as many seats. So, yeah train wins.
             | 
             | According to
             | https://www.withouthotair.com/c20/page_121.shtml Trains are
             | about 8.5x more energy efficient than planes. So yeah,
             | trains win that too. For context, planes do about 80 MPG
             | per passenger.
             | 
             | On the other hand, building HS2 might cost PS75 billion. It
             | might carry 100 trains per day, so 32000 passengers per
             | day, if all the trains were full. That's 11.7M per year. If
             | it runs for 25 years without costing anything more, that's
             | 292M passenger journeys, so PS256 per passenger journey.
             | 
             | I _think_ that demonstrates that the infrastructure costs
             | are larger than the costs of extra energy requirements and
             | airframes. But we're clearly into "it's complicated"
             | territory, so I concede.
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | Are you suggesting fares will come down? If so, based on what?
        
       | steve_gh wrote:
       | Note: I have spent the last 7 years working in consultancy, much
       | of which has been involved with both Metro Rail (eg TfL) and
       | Heavy Rail in the UK.
       | 
       | There are certainly some messy aspects to UK Rail, but the
       | current system was not nearly as bad as made out by some posters
       | , and there are some very good arguments against further
       | centralisation.
       | 
       | A lot of the problem as I see it has been the misalignment
       | between Network Rail (running the tracks) and the train operating
       | companies (TOCs).
       | 
       | Firstly, NR is a huge and bloated bureaucracy - it is incredibly
       | slow moving, and many of the problems (e.g. lack of modern
       | rolling stock) can be directly traced back to problems with NR
       | signing off on new rolling stock (they have to authorise each
       | type of rolling stock to be run on each line).
       | 
       | Second, there are definite problems with timetabling - the TOCs
       | are told the timetables they have to run. Unfortunately, the
       | people who designed the timetables haven't worked out that in
       | some congested areas (eg the approaches to Waterloo station in
       | London), there is no way on earth that the timetables and service
       | frequency of movements in and out of the stations are actually
       | going work.
       | 
       | Thirdly, NR's investment in new systems has been very patchy. It
       | is worth noting that the Welsh Government removed control of the
       | Central Valley lines (serving the valleys North of Cardiff) from
       | NR, and took direct control themselves, because they were sick of
       | decades of underinvestment from NR, which generally takes a very
       | London-centric approach.
       | 
       | Going forwards, I'm hopeful that we will see NR effectively split
       | up into regional entities aligned with the TOC regions, so we can
       | get much better alignment between infrastructure and rolling
       | stock / services in each region. This may also enable a more
       | equitable distribution of funding for infrastructure, which would
       | enable infrastructure and service improvements especially in the
       | North.
       | 
       | Finally, commuter rail and long distance passenger volumes have
       | grown vastly over the past 20 years, which is a good thing. What
       | is needed is infrastructure investment (particularly in modern
       | signalling systems - ETMS) to enable trains to run much more
       | closely together, and enable a higher service density. However, I
       | think it is unlikely that the government will be prepared to make
       | this investment.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | The timetables bit is key here.
         | 
         | the reason a lot of services failed so horribly in 2018/2019
         | was because as OP pointed out, greyling fucked up the
         | timetabling.
         | 
         | Not only that, they decided to pick a fight with the unions on
         | southern rail, which turned out to end in a messy stalemate.
         | 
         | https://www.londonreconnections.com/ has some good references.
        
         | mrow84 wrote:
         | This isn't an area I know anything about, but is it correct to
         | say that the points you are making are in some sense orthogonal
         | to the nature of the ownership, i.e. public or private?
         | 
         | I struggle to see how much meaningful competition can be
         | achieved, so remain unclear about the value of private
         | ownership, but it strikes me that decentralisation is perfectly
         | within the realm of possibility for a publicly owned entity.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | Network Rail which the GP was mostly talking about isn't
           | privately owned.
           | 
           | Rail Track, its predecessor was privately owned but it
           | collapsed in 2002 after the Hatfield train crash. Following
           | that it was bought by the government to create Network Rail.
        
             | mrow84 wrote:
             | The thrust of steve_gh's argument seemed to be that
             | decentralisation of that (publicly owned, as you are
             | noting) body, and particularly alignment with the train
             | operating company regions, would improve the situation.
             | 
             | I wanted to get their views on any industry-specific
             | constraints around the orthogonality of "centralisation"
             | and "ownership", because I feel like they are too
             | frequently conflated (not by anyone in this thread, to be
             | clear), despite not being inherently linked - but there
             | might be some good reasons for that in the context of the
             | current state of the British railway network.
        
           | qmmmur wrote:
           | What they fail to mention is that those two aspects were
           | broken up initially by the government after privatisation in
           | the first place because the accountability and running of
           | both aspects simultaneously was so bad.
        
         | mcdowall wrote:
         | I similarly spent a few years working in this space (TfL,
         | digitising their data and website etc). It always struck me
         | just how nuts the weekly meetings between different station
         | operators and TOCS within the GLA would be, essentially a
         | shouting match to determine who would have to keep their
         | station open that weekend. Resultant timetable changes on the
         | fly were always fun content to keep updated.
         | 
         | Timetabling (at that point) remained very much a manual
         | process, I think they had to bring a poor chap out of
         | retirement who wrote them by hand.
        
       | matsemann wrote:
       | Norway's railroad also went "private" a few years ago, and have
       | butchered it up into (not all):
       | 
       | - we have a directorate of railway deciding where to build
       | tracks, what providers must adhere to, their timetables etc
       | 
       | - one government owned company building - one government owned
       | company building and maintaining the tracks
       | 
       | - one government owned company owning the trains
       | 
       | - another one maintaining the trains
       | 
       | - one government owned company responsible for all ticketing,
       | purchasing, route search, providing timetables etc
       | 
       | - 3 different companies having won a bid for different routes.
       | They have to lease the trains. But since they have monopoly on
       | their route and the directorate decides everything, having
       | multiple hasn't really led to any competition. Sure, they fought
       | somewhat on price for the bid, but for the next 10 years the only
       | thing they really do is provide personnel for the trains.
       | 
       | Nothing here made train a better or more viable alternative for
       | the people. Just 5x the amount of highly paid directors. And more
       | overhead and less cooperation. In fact it's now often more
       | expensive to take train long distance, as you end up paying
       | (price + price) from two companies instead of a single rebated
       | long distance ticket.
       | 
       | One of the companies now driving in Norway is the not-very-
       | popular British Go-Ahead, even.
        
         | audunw wrote:
         | I feel like the decision to do this is based on an outdated
         | idea about how to do business effectively. Take car makers. It
         | used to be that the winners were outsourcing everything except
         | their core competence (engines and assembling/marketing
         | vehicles). But these days it seems like vertical integrated
         | companies are the winners, with Tesla being a good example in
         | the car industry. I think politicians that have pushed for this
         | was inspired heavily by all this out-sourcing happening at the
         | end of the previous century.
         | 
         | It's not that vertical integration is good everywhere. But
         | neither is avoiding vertical integration. You have to use your
         | brain and look at what's beneficial in a given market. And
         | train operation strikes me as a place where vertical
         | integration is essential to long term success and efficiency.
         | If it was actually a free market, I'm sure that it'd converge
         | to a few vertically integrated companies with monopolies in
         | large geographic areas.
         | 
         | I'd also argue that government owned corporations have become
         | better at operating efficiently. Business has almost become a
         | science. You're not as reliant on brute force through
         | competition.
         | 
         | And when government corporations are more expensive, it's
         | usually just because they treat their employees better.
        
           | jabl wrote:
           | The 'vertical integration vs. outsourcing' seems to be
           | largely a fashion thing. When giant vertically integrated
           | conglomerates are the status quo, you have the self-appointed
           | thought leaders writing business books and speaking at
           | expensive dinners arguing for outsourcing and focusing on
           | core competences. Then as the tides turn and 'outsource
           | everything' becomes the norm, the next generation of self-
           | appointed business thought leaders argue for vertical
           | integration. -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
             | GekkePrutser wrote:
             | I see the same in our company. Every few years we have a
             | leadership shuffle, which then cascades as the new leaders
             | replace all the layers underneath them in the months
             | afterwards. Once things become stable, a new leader is
             | hired and the whole things starts again.
             | 
             | All the new management hires will then want to put their
             | own stamp on things which means doing things differently
             | than before. So we've been going back and forth between
             | different paradigms. Sometimes within months! We seem to be
             | going back between role-based teams ("we have too many
             | silo's, we need to join all technologies of a role in a
             | team!!") to technology-based teams ("we have too little
             | focus, we need to focus on all responsibilities for one
             | technology per team!!"). Literally several times we've made
             | this switch over the last years, back and forth.
             | 
             | It just feels like each new hire just has to change it just
             | to be seen to be doing something by their bosses. No newly
             | hired manager every wants to leave things the same even
             | though they are working just fine.
             | 
             | The thing is that we are very versatile. We can deal with
             | the drawbacks of each model. We collaborate even though
             | we're not in the same team. We can't work properly with all
             | this ongoing reorganisation though. It's like the chair is
             | being pulled out from under us for no reason.
        
         | Skinney wrote:
         | They don't have to lease their trains from the government, they
         | can bring their own trains if they'd like, but leasing is
         | likely cheaper.
         | 
         | The company maintaining the trains do have to bid on the
         | contracts, as well, and can bid for contracts in other
         | countries if they wish.
         | 
         | The directorate of railway was there pre-privatization.
         | 
         | It's the infrastructure company that decides the timetables,
         | not the directorate. The directorate assigns the contracts, and
         | the contracts specify the minimum fee for a ticket.
         | 
         | Operators are free to decide the interior of the trains, and
         | any additional products on top of the minimum fee. Meaning they
         | can charge more for better seating, reserved seating etc. Vy
         | has their own ticketing service in addition to the government
         | provided one, which they use to sell bus and taxi services to
         | cover as much of your trip as possible. GoAhead doesn't have
         | their own ticketing service, instead relying on Vy and the
         | government service to sell tickets. This saves them money on
         | development, but makes them lose out on any additional revenue
         | that Vy makes for extra sales.
         | 
         | GoAhead has higher customer satisfaction than NSB (the national
         | train company pre-privatization).
         | 
         | Idealy you'd have more competition between the operators, but
         | since Norway is mostly single track that is difficult to do.
         | 
         | Still, the government will save an estimated 12 billion NOK
         | over the next 9 years based on the current contracts.
         | 
         | That's not to say it's all good. Long range travel has gotten
         | more expensive (more than one operator involved) and there are
         | now more directors with million kr saleries. Not to mention
         | that the effects of one of these operators going bankrupt will
         | be worse than if one national company did everything.
        
           | matsemann wrote:
           | I'm one of those (many) people that don't believe in that 12B
           | figure. It is _only_ based on  "we used to pay X for this
           | route in the old model, and now we pay Y", but that's two
           | different things to compare and ignores lots of new costs as
           | well. All the offers were also based on traffic growth,
           | meaning subsidies for the tickets in 7-8 years would go down.
           | This would have happened irregardless of the bids (except the
           | contractors have budgeted with it and now carries the risk).
           | 
           | And before when it was the government paying the government
           | owned NSB, it was basically the government giving themselves
           | money. Now whatever profit the new companies make are instead
           | going out of the country. Government takes the cost, others
           | take the profit.
           | 
           | So unless this happens to result in a much better experience
           | for the customers I think it will be a net loss for society.
           | But time will tell, hard to say too much based on the last
           | year.
        
             | Skinney wrote:
             | Considering most train routes operate at a net loss, <<we
             | used to pay x but now we pay y>> is really the only
             | interesting metric, no?
             | 
             | Profits from subsidies aren't really profit when you're the
             | one paying the subsidy.
             | 
             | Keep in mind, that before any profit, the government still
             | makes money taxation (sales tax, employee income tax etc.)
             | and several companies are going to operate at a loss for a
             | few years until trafic picks up. I think government saving
             | money on this isn't unlikely.
             | 
             | That's not the same as customers saving money, though.
             | 
             | I agree that time will tell. Until Norway has more double-
             | tracks and can have proper competition, this could go
             | either way.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | "Operators are free to decide the interior of the trains, and
           | any additional products on top of the minimum fee."
           | 
           | So by the sounds of it, you have tp hunt fpr tickets on
           | different websites and exchequer looses out, but in exchange
           | I get a different of seat, and packet of crisps?
           | 
           | I am really not getting 'free market innovation' vibes here
        
             | Skinney wrote:
             | If all you care about is the cheapest possible ride, you'll
             | get that through the government ticketing service.
             | 
             | If you travel the same distance often and want to pay extra
             | for more comfort or whatever, you'll benefit from using
             | whatever ticketing service the operator wants you to use.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | The best description of this I've seen is "playing at shops":
         | there's no real _market_ , it's just set up to look like one.
        
           | jonplackett wrote:
           | The other crazy side to it is that the government still own
           | and pay for the track - the only bit that doesn't even make
           | any money. And is crazy expensive!
           | 
           | Privatise the profit, socialise the loss.
        
             | jabl wrote:
             | Tracks are certainly very valuable infrastructure, it's
             | just hard to monetize (and very expensive to build, as you
             | say). So in a way it makes sense for the government to
             | handle it.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | The way to monetize is property development and rent
               | around stations. That's how it works in Japan, where
               | private companies sell tickets at a loss and still make
               | profits.
               | 
               | In the UK that land got sold off to private equity and
               | the like who are making the real dough while they funnel
               | some of that into donations to the Tory party.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | > The way to monetize is property development and rent
               | around stations. That's how it works in Japan, where
               | private companies sell tickets at a loss and still make
               | profits.
               | 
               | Yes. It's just really hard to do afterwards - having the
               | government expropriate land around the stations and
               | giving it to the railway companies is guaranteed to be
               | wildly expensive and unpopular.
               | 
               | Japan's private passenger railways IIRC make about 50% of
               | their income from ticket sales, the rest comes from
               | leveraging the (very!) high value land around the
               | stations. Many other metropolitan rail systems also get
               | about 50% of the income from tickets, but since the
               | railways don't own the land they have to get the rest
               | through some form of government subsidy.
               | 
               | I think some of the problems with the British privatized
               | rail system is how fragmented it is, with nobody
               | responsible for the whole. And there's lots of government
               | meddling in every interface between all these myriad
               | private companies, providing ample opportunity for
               | corruption and massively misaligned incentives. I suspect
               | it would be better to either nationalize the whole lot
               | under one roof, or then go back to the old pre-
               | nationalization type regional monopolies with a single
               | company owning tracks, trains, stations as well as
               | operating them (a bit like the privatized Japanese
               | railways).
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | >Yes. It's just really hard to do afterwards - having the
               | government expropriate land around the stations and
               | giving it to the railway companies is guaranteed to be
               | wildly expensive and unpopular.
               | 
               | Expropriation of land would be unpopular (it would get
               | the tabloids in a jitter as they fearmonger that the
               | government is going to expropriate your garden next) but
               | introducing a special tax on nonresidential property
               | within 500m of a train station and subsidizing the price
               | of tickets with it - probably not so much.
               | 
               | "Oh look my season ticket got cheaper" while private
               | equity reports lower earnings and google's tax bill
               | shoots up - this is going to be popular.
               | 
               | It could then be extended to residential property. The
               | government could also go into business itself - building
               | a shopping mall or two and funding government budgets.
               | 
               | This is a frog that could be boiled.
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | Yes in the Netherlands the railway operator makes a lot
               | of money from their train stations as well.
               | 
               | A train station in 2021 is basically a big shopping mall
               | in a prime location with massive foot traffic.
        
               | apexalpha wrote:
               | The Dutch Railways even made a slim profit in the UK in
               | 2020 after getting EUR1,5 billion in subsidies from the
               | UK government through Abellio.
               | 
               | No idea how this new nationalisation will work out for
               | either party, though.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Track is what defines the railway, maximum speed, 85% of
               | maintenance cost, etc.
               | 
               | UK tried to privatise it, but the firm collapsed and had
               | to be nationalised.
               | 
               | What do private companies add, if on a good day they earn
               | the profit and on a bad day tax payer picks up the tab.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | > Track is what defines the railway, maximum speed, 85%
               | of maintenance cost, etc.
               | 
               | > UK tried to privatise it, but the firm collapsed and
               | had to be nationalised.
               | 
               | Yes, absolutely.
               | 
               | > What do private companies add, if on a good day they
               | earn the profit and on a bad day tax payer picks up the
               | tab.
               | 
               | I think the best way to run a railway is to either
               | completely nationalize it all under one roof, or then
               | have it completely privatized, with a single company
               | being responsible for everything. Yes, this would create
               | regional rail monopolies, but OTOH they wouldn't be
               | completely free to extract monopoly prices since there's
               | still competition from other modes of transport (cars,
               | airplanes, buses, trucks).
               | 
               | The current UK system with a myriad public and private
               | entities with very complicated contractual relationships
               | is just a mess. Unfortunately it seems the EU is hellbent
               | on imposing the same model across the EU.
        
         | makomk wrote:
         | The seperation of track ownership and operation from actually
         | running the trains is mandated by EU directives, so that part
         | is going to be the same pretty much anywhere in the EU. I think
         | some countries like Germany bend the rules a bit by having them
         | run by nominally independent divisions of the same state-owned
         | company (and sometimes go father than is allowed and end up on
         | the losing end of court battles), but the UK is probably going
         | beyond what it could do as a member of the EU here.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | What is the EU's reason for that rule?
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | In theory this is meant to be a good thing because it
             | allows for competition between train operators which sounds
             | like it should lead to better outcomes for customers.
             | There's also a desire for companies to be able to operate
             | commercial trains that don't have government backing on an
             | equal footing with the government-chosen operators, which
             | only works if the other train operators also have an arms-
             | length commercial relationship with the track owner and
             | operator.
             | 
             | Also, you need to bear in mind that European governments
             | benefit from the _other_ governments strictly following
             | this rule because it means their train operators can run
             | trains in those other countries, but are often less keen on
             | doing so themselves. So there 's an interesting dynamic
             | where a lot of countries insist that of course _they 're_
             | following the rules, it's all the other European countries
             | that are unfairly bending them to benefit their train
             | operators.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Ah that makes sense, yeah I can see say Country A not
               | being keen on giving Country B's trains a fair shake if
               | their own rail company wants time on the tracks.
        
             | breakfastduck wrote:
             | Control & standardization.
        
             | apexalpha wrote:
             | Before this rule all tracks AND rolling stock would be
             | owned by single, national entities in every country. If you
             | were a Austrian train operator wanting to run trains to
             | Germany you'd have to ask Deutsche Bahn for space on the
             | rail, and they would (obviously) give priority to their own
             | rolling stock.
             | 
             | This would happen to the point where it was almost
             | impossible to organise cross border rail connections.
             | 
             | By seperating the track from the train you can make the
             | train companies compete with each other on a (more) equal
             | footing.
             | 
             | Ironically, most of the 'private' train companies now
             | running on UK tracks are actually Dutch, German and French
             | state owned railway companies competing with each other.
        
         | diftraku wrote:
         | It's a very similar case in Finland, case-in-point when HRT
         | (Helsinki Region Transport) requested bids from operators to
         | run the trains in the greater capital area (Helsinki, Espoo,
         | Vantaa and the neighbouring municipalities).
         | 
         | - Rolling stock is owned by HRT
         | 
         | - Transport Infrastructure Agency (Vaylavirasto) is responsible
         | for the tracks and stations
         | 
         | Which means the bid is mainly for personnel operating the
         | trains.
         | 
         | There were couple companies that placed bids for this, most of
         | them withdrew before the end of the call, essentially leaving
         | one competing bid along with VR's (then and now current
         | operator).
         | 
         | In the end, nothing changed and VR still operates the trains
         | using HRT's own rolling stock. The only real change going
         | forward are the plans to have a dedicated maintenance depot for
         | HRT's own stock, since VR does not want to have the burden of
         | maintaining stock they don't directly own.
         | 
         | At least with freight, it's going to be different... right?
        
           | jabl wrote:
           | There's a law giving HRT the right to handle rail operations
           | in the Helsinki metropolitan area. In the rest of the country
           | VR has a monopoly, and sadly seems completely uninterested in
           | developing commuter rail services in other metropolitan
           | areas. As a result, there are efforts to amend the law to
           | allow other regional authorities the same kind of rights HRT
           | has. We'll see what happens.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | peterburkimsher wrote:
       | For anyone who appreciates 1980s British comedy, there's a sketch
       | by Ronnie Barker about the joys of British Rail.
       | 
       | "I told BR to be off. Then they offered me PS1000. I said I'm not
       | a man who can be bought. Then they offered me PS2000. Good
       | evening."
       | 
       | "We're going to replace the existing fare structure, with a very
       | unfair structure"
       | 
       | "British Rail intend to maintain our standards. But now for the
       | good news!"
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV2lmSDKvO8
        
       | intsunny wrote:
       | The title seems heavily editorialized.
       | 
       | The Guardian's "UK railways to be simplified but still
       | substantially privatised" seems more accurate:
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/19/uk-rail-ove...
        
       | Jolter wrote:
       | Moved to url: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57176858
        
       | Neil44 wrote:
       | This is very strange. The BBC article has gone 404 and there's
       | nothing on the guardian or daily mail. But I also heard this
       | discussed on radio 4 earlier. Odd. 8:04am.
        
         | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/19/uk-rail-ove...
        
       | edf13 wrote:
       | Page not found??
        
       | nasmorn wrote:
       | 8000 pounds for a 50min train ride season ticket is absolutely
       | insane. Are the trains fancy like the orient express?
        
       | elric wrote:
       | This is an interesting shift. When I lived in the UK, I was
       | rather fond of how well public transport worked - in general, and
       | trains specifically. In my native Belgium, on the other hand,
       | it's all basically shit. While Belgium is slowly pushing for
       | _less_ state control in public transport (allegedly on account of
       | EU competition rules), the UK is now changing direction.
       | 
       | Can anyone summarize the background of this decision? Has there
       | been passenger backlash against the current system?
        
         | stdbrouw wrote:
         | Guess it depends on what you consider to be shit. Public
         | transport in Belgium is incredibly widespread and affordable,
         | and while trains are somewhat often delayed (but people love to
         | kvetch and exaggerate all the time,
         | https://punctuality.belgiantrain.be/nl/dashboard) due to years
         | of neglect of the infrastructure, at least you don't have to
         | pay an arm and a leg as you would for e.g. a short trip between
         | London and Brighton. Public transport in London is pretty good,
         | but doesn't strike me as being way better than it is in big
         | cities in Belgium like Antwerp or Brussels.
        
           | elric wrote:
           | Their way of calculating punctuality is pretty misleading. It
           | takes into account the predicted arrival at the final
           | destination, without taking into account where passengers
           | actually go. Delays along the route are hidden that way, even
           | though most passengers don't go from origin to terminus, i.e.
           | hardly anyone travels from Liege to Ostend, but the start &
           | end of that 2hour+ journey are what's used to compute delays.
           | 
           | If they were to count what percentage of _passengers_ arrived
           | on time, things would look radically different.
           | 
           | Adding to that: a 5 minute delay on a 2hr journey is fine,
           | but a 5 minute delay on a 12 minute journey is awful.
           | 
           | As for cheap .. I wouldn't exactly call trains cheap in
           | Belgium. Especially if you factor in how uncomfortable they
           | are, how most stations have zero accessibility options, how
           | frequently things go terribly wrong, and how nonexistently
           | awful their customer support is.
        
             | stdbrouw wrote:
             | This is the kind of talk I often hear from people who never
             | take public transport. The question then arises: do they
             | not take public transport because it really is that awful,
             | or do they actually have no idea whether it's truly awful
             | because they don't take it? Or a little of both? :-) One
             | thing you ought to know, though, if you often travel by
             | train, is that trains in Belgium almost never make up for
             | lost time, that's just wishful thinking on the part of the
             | conductor and instead delays just seem to cause more
             | delays, so arrival time at the final destination (together
             | with delays to/from Brussels, which is where most people
             | go) is not a perfect metric but not all that bad.
             | 
             | Anyway, just joking around, public transport in Belgium
             | could be better, that's for sure.
        
       | michaelt wrote:
       | The UK's rail "privatisation" has always been bizarre, for
       | practical reasons.
       | 
       | * Because rail is vital national infrastructure, important to
       | keeping congestion down, and needs to be accessible even to poor
       | people, every train operator receives government subsidies.
       | 
       | * So travellers can buy tickets for a complex four-train
       | itinerary and large stations can have multiple operators sharing
       | platforms, much of the ticketing system (including the main types
       | of ticket on offer) is centrally controlled.
       | 
       | * Because it would be nigh-impossible to have multiple companies
       | trains with different prices (or different on-time performance)
       | operating on the same route, each route is essentially a monopoly
       | +.
       | 
       | * To prevent price-gouging of commuters on monopoly services, the
       | rate of increase of ticket prices is capped by government. (And
       | yet despite the subsidies and price caps, some train tickets
       | remain absurdly expensive)
       | 
       | * It would be absurd for a company losing a rail franchise to get
       | stuck with a bunch of trains they no longer need, or a bunch of
       | employees in the wrong part of the country they have to fire. So
       | when a rail franchise changes hands, the trains, drivers,
       | stations, and station staff move with it.
       | 
       | * Any long-term investments in things like new trains won't pay
       | off in the duration of a single rail franchise - so they have to
       | be agreed with the government upfront.
       | 
       | * Rail workers are represented by powerful unions, and industrial
       | disputes tank the train operators' performance numbers, so
       | operators can't control their staffing costs - they can only wait
       | out a long industrial dispute with government backing.
       | 
       | * To prevent rural communities losing their rail service (or
       | having it reduced to unusable levels) the government tells the
       | franchisee where the trains must stop, and how often.
       | 
       | * Because tracks and signals all have to be maintained to the
       | same national standards, and often multiple trains will use the
       | same tracks, the train operators don't own the tracks or
       | signalling equipment. So they can't upgrade track for automation
       | or to run more/faster/more reliable services.
       | 
       | * Because re-tendering a franchise is very time-consuming, train
       | operators who under-perform are seldom replaced or punished
       | (except by making less money than they hoped they would)
       | 
       | All of this means the train operators are boxed in on every side
       | - Can't run more trains, can't run fewer trains, can't raise
       | prices, can't change pricing models, can't embrace tech like
       | driverless trains, can't cut staff. Their only powers seem to be
       | choosing the train's colour scheme, taking the blame for poor
       | performance, and giving some bigwig a fat salary.
       | 
       | Given that the trains have always been de-facto under state
       | control, making that true de-jure makes sense.
       | 
       | + Except for one or two services like london-to-birmingham, and
       | competition from cars and teleworking.
        
         | gsnedders wrote:
         | > (And yet despite the subsidies and price caps, some train
         | tickets remain absurdly expensive)
         | 
         | This is by design; the subsidy per passenger km has been going
         | down over time, with a greater proportion of costs being met by
         | farebox revenue. And given that's a governmental decision, will
         | GBR actually change that?
        
       | Tsiklon wrote:
       | I hope this decision leads to better value railway journeys for
       | regular people.
       | 
       | I love taking the train places, for me when I'm going on holiday
       | the journey is part of it, I find rail travel to be low stress
       | and relaxing. The trip from St Pancras to Amsterdam (4hours) was
       | very calm.
       | 
       | I hope that one outcome of this change is that other people
       | rediscover leisure travel by rail.
       | 
       | That said the anorak in me will miss all the different liveries
       | for each of the companies
        
       | baby wrote:
       | France went private more than a decade ago. It made no sense to
       | me at the time, I'm wondering what's the post mortem on that.
        
       | DrBazza wrote:
       | Lots of comments about how this is a good thing, but if private
       | companies are still running the trains, and fares are set
       | centrally, how are they expected to make a profit?
       | 
       | Reduce the staff, or reduce the staff salaries. Either way,
       | unions get involved and there will be strikes just like the "good
       | old days". More retail in and around stations perhaps?
       | 
       | I look forward to being able to just a buy a single ticket from X
       | to Y and one that perhaps doesn't cost 5-10 times as much as it
       | would to drive.
        
       | dastx wrote:
       | I could be mistaken but if I understand correctly, this is
       | similar to how the TfL is run. If it is, this will be a huge
       | boost and is a step in the right direction. TfL has its faults,
       | but, in my experience, it is a thousand times better than
       | anything the franchised train operators have been able to
       | deliver.
        
       | jp0d wrote:
       | This is a working link.
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57176858
        
       | chillydawg wrote:
       | I'm looking forward to seeing the new GBR company privatised in
       | 20 years, making a small group of people a very large amount of
       | money. Again.
        
       | saos wrote:
       | Still loads of smoke. I want to see the fare prices. If they're
       | flexible and affordable then maybe I can move out of London!!
        
       | maxehmookau wrote:
       | The UK does not and cannot have a free market for train travel,
       | so we should stop pretending that it's possible.
       | 
       | Private companies have proven time and time again that they
       | cannot be trusted to run train services in the UK. Profit always
       | came before passenger comfort, safety and value for money. I
       | don't believe that the state is better at everything, but in this
       | case they're going to be the least bad option!
        
       | danjac wrote:
       | Page 404s. A bit like a British rail scheduled service.
        
         | makomk wrote:
         | Some issue with the bbc.com vs bbc.co.uk split I assume. The UK
         | version is here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-57176858
        
       | petewailes wrote:
       | They changed the URL after I posted it. Can someone update it?
        
       | dmje wrote:
       | It's just blindingly obvious to me that some services absolutely
       | have to come under some kind of longer term (and therefore state)
       | control, and preferably away from the whims of political change.
       | 
       | You absolutely can't build infrastructure, education, health in
       | 4-year cycles. These are 10,20,50+ year projects. Personally I'd
       | have these under control of something cross party, totally away
       | from electioneering.
        
       | markb139 wrote:
       | Sounds like it's going to be similar to the local London trains.
       | i.e private companies running the system with "Transport for
       | London" branding.
        
       | cybervegan wrote:
       | OP's URL doesn't work for me, but the article is here:
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-57176858
        
       | cirrus-clouds wrote:
       | The flexible season tickets are welcome. However, missing from
       | this news report is any mention of making the cost of rail travel
       | more affordable for the public.
       | 
       | The report quotes the former boss of British Airways about "
       | _greater flexibility in the way that fares are operated in the
       | future_ "
       | 
       | What does this mean? Can we expect less expensive tickets?
       | 
       | The UK already has some of the most expensive rail tickets in
       | Europe. Yes, you can book in advance for cheaper tickets, but
       | often there is limited availability, and you have to book at
       | least a month or longer in advance. In short, the conditions
       | which make cheaper tickets available are simply impractical for
       | most passengers, especially regular commuters.
       | 
       | Here is a monthly season ticket comparison from 2017: UK vs
       | Continental Europe:
       | 
       | - UK: Luton to London St. Pancras (35 miles) | Monthly season
       | ticket cost: PS387 (approx $547/EUR448)
       | 
       | - UK: Liverpool Lime Street to Manchester Piccadilly (32 miles) |
       | Monthly season ticket cost: PS292 (approx $412 /EUR344)
       | 
       | - Germany: Dusseldorf to Cologne (28 miles) | Monthly season
       | ticket cost: PS85 (approx $120 /EUR98)
       | 
       | - France: Mantes-la-Jolie to Paris (34 miles) | Monthly season
       | ticket cost: PS61 (approx $86 /EUR71)
       | 
       | - Italy: Anzione to Rome (31 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost:
       | PS61 (approx $86 /EUR71)
       | 
       | - Spain: Aranjuez to Madrid (31 miles) | Monthly season ticket
       | cost: PS75 (approx $106 /EUR87)
       | 
       | Source: https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/uk-commuters-spend-6-times-
       | much-...
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | And you will may have to stand up all the way for many of those
         | journeys on UK trains.
        
         | midasuni wrote:
         | Why should frequent travellers get 50% plus discounts on
         | journeys? When I travel to london I pay about PS1 a mile in the
         | peak on a fast train. A season ticket holder pays about 20p a
         | mile.
        
           | breakfastduck wrote:
           | Because buying in bulk gets you a discount, one of the most
           | universally understood things in economics.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | >However, missing from this news report is any mention of
         | making the cost of rail travel more affordable for the public.
         | 
         | I thought that omission was glaring also. #1 concern of the
         | public is price and they pretend it doesn't exist.
         | 
         | It's a strong signal that prices will increase YOY above
         | inflation.
        
         | mFixman wrote:
         | It wasn't mentioned in this article, but a commonly repeated
         | complaint during COVID times is that season tickets don't work
         | for people who commute 2-3 times per week and work from home
         | the rest of the days.
         | 
         | A possible flexible solution is to have the option of buying
         | bulk tickets for a discount and using them whenever you want.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | In fact we have foreign governments operating train service in
         | UK and turning a profit:
         | 
         | Https://independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/trains-uk-railways-
         | renationalise-countries-operators-companies-a9058961.html
        
       | alecco wrote:
       | I know this one. Privatize and pocket money. Mismanagement with
       | both unions and suppliers lining their pockets for a while. Then
       | bailouts and/or expropriation and the bill goes to the taxpayer,
       | again. Rinse, repeat.
        
       | apexalpha wrote:
       | I've found that these two YouTube video's do an okay job
       | explaining the actual 'market forces' actually at play here:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njJ94o1B0qI
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlTq8DbRs4k
       | 
       | It takes a bit of understanding _why_ regular market forces kind
       | of can 't apply to a system like rail transport.
        
       | daverol wrote:
       | Maybe this will remove the need for adjudicating between the
       | companies currently involved - from the White Paper:
       | 
       | "Previous adjudications include, among other things, who was
       | responsible for a train being so crowded that a passenger
       | fainted, causing delays while they were taken off; and whether a
       | pheasant is a small bird (in which case, according to the
       | principles at the time, the train operator was to blame for a
       | delay caused by hitting one) or a large bird (Network Rail's
       | problem)."
        
       | dangerboysteve wrote:
       | the people on the Wendover YouTube channel did a video on this
       | back in March which explained the issue really well.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlTq8DbRs4k
        
       | flarg wrote:
       | The elephant in the room is that UK rail is too complex to be
       | managed in siloes and it should be renationalised for the
       | national good and to save money.
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | Japan managed to do it just fine. Completely private, excellent
         | service, fastest trains, huge infrastructure.
        
           | theYipster wrote:
           | As far as I've seen, Japan is the only country that can make
           | a complex rail system work with private actors. There are
           | many factors for this, including:
           | 
           | 1. Japanese rail operators are in most cases multi-industry
           | conglomerates that own land, surrounding infrastructure,
           | hotels, retail, and more.
           | 
           | 2. The national investment in rail in Japan is much greater
           | than that in the UK.
           | 
           | 3. Modern post-war Japan was literally built around the rail
           | network, and this was not accidental nor a matter of
           | happenstance. Rail access is ubiquitous across urban and
           | suburban areas (not just in Tokyo,) and even rural rail
           | services are in a different category than those in the UK.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | I'm reading all the comments here in my head with a proper
       | British accent.
        
       | bogdan wrote:
       | Working link: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-57176858
        
         | mattowen_uk wrote:
         | Dang.
        
           | mattowen_uk wrote:
           | Um, I was flagging to dang that the URL was broken. Thanks
           | for the nice down votes tho!
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | A tried and true management system: To appear effective,
       | centralize things that are distributed, and distribute things
       | that are centralized. You can claim benefits either way. And in a
       | few years, put it all back again and claim more benefits.
        
       | sir-alien wrote:
       | If you want to see a good train service look at Japan. Went there
       | for a holiday and used the train service all over. They are a
       | classic example of what a train service "should" be like.
       | 
       | Fast, efficient, cost-effective. The only time trains was a
       | little difficult was in the super-peak hours on the underground
       | in the very dense parts of the cities.
       | 
       | I think the world should learn from Japan in many aspects.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | I'd like to second that - Japan has an amazing train (and
         | subway) system.
         | 
         | Here's a great explainer:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFpG3yf3Rxk
        
         | tailsdog wrote:
         | They also apparently make a rather healthy profit
        
       | speps wrote:
       | Another point of view:
       | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/19/uk-rail-ove...
        
       | nw05678 wrote:
       | I still hate Thatcher.
        
       | heurisko wrote:
       | The link is now 404, new link:
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-57176858
        
       | DanBC wrote:
       | I want to know how much money will be spent painting _fucking_
       | Union Jacks on all the trains.
        
       | rich_sasha wrote:
       | This sounds like many niceties, BUT the elephant in the room is
       | the utterly uncompetitive way private contractors are chosen to
       | run the routes, and as a result, high prices / low quality of the
       | actual journeys. Operators have a nice oligopoly on the routes,
       | with barely any competition for tenders.
       | 
       | One example is that different routes have different hardware
       | requirements. And guess what, the only provider who has the right
       | kit available immediately is the one whose contract is just
       | expiring. Please name your price and sign on the dotted line.
        
         | bauc wrote:
         | I thought all the rolling stock was owned by a different
         | company to the ones running the actual franchises. Which is
         | separate from controlling the timetable. Although very
         | confusing.
        
         | jlokier wrote:
         | That didn't work for Virgin trains, after running a service for
         | 22 years, undoubtedly still having the right kit in place, and
         | probably the best on-station support staff in the UK for
         | disabled travellers. It was a good service, shame to see it go.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/apr/10/stagecoach-...
        
           | breakfastduck wrote:
           | I found it ironic that Virgin lost their contract,
           | considering they operate by far the best service in the UK.
        
         | bennyp101 wrote:
         | One would hope that being a single entity at the top, they
         | would be able to help negotiate better rates around the country
         | .. but then as it is a government project it will probably end
         | up more expensive!
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | I read the article with that question in mind, it doesn't
           | mention any changes to sourcing the contractors.
        
             | CaptArmchair wrote:
             | Here's the formal press release from the UK government:
             | 
             | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/great-british-railways-
             | fo...
             | 
             | And this is the actual document weighing in at 116 pages:
             | 
             | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads
             | /...
             | 
             | Pages 52 and onwards: "Replacing franchising" details the
             | exact vision on how those contracts are to be set up. It
             | states:
             | 
             | > TfL Overground services and many railways across Europe,
             | including local and regional services in Germany and
             | Sweden, use a concession model to contract with private
             | partners to operate trains. These contracts have been more
             | successful than franchising in enabling operators to be
             | held to account for running trains on time, delivering
             | passenger satisfaction and controlling costs.
             | 
             | > Our new system of Passenger Service Contracts will build
             | on this approach. Great British Railways will specify the
             | timetables, branding, most fares and other aspects of the
             | service and agree a fee with the competitively-procured
             | passenger service operator to provide the service to this
             | specification. In most contracts, fare revenue will go to
             | Great British Railways, with operators delivering to the
             | specification and managing their costs in doing so.
             | Operators will take cost risk but will need to balance that
             | with service quality, in order to be efficient while also
             | meeting the needs of passengers.
             | 
             | > Operators will be held accountable and risk termination
             | of their contracts if they are not delivering punctual,
             | effcient and high-quality services. The government will
             | retain its operator of last resort function to enable
             | services to continue seamlessly for passengers in such
             | cases, just as it did with Northern Rail in early 2020.
             | Learning from the experience of the pandemic, it will adapt
             | this function as the sector is reformed so that operators
             | can be held to account more effectively to targets in their
             | contracts and so that interventions can be made in the
             | interests of passengers and taxpayers if this is required.
             | 
             | > Passenger Service Contracts should broaden interest and
             | open up the market to new commercial partners, including
             | those who can help to modernize and improve the railways by
             | bringing expertise in technology and innovation. This
             | diversity should increase competition between bidders and
             | therefore create better outcomes for taxpayers and
             | passengers alike.
             | 
             | It's a white paper on which there's a consensus: "this is
             | how we would like to move forward". It's not a detailed
             | business plan though. The entire thing only exists on paper
             | at the moment. The next steps are working on a concrete
             | implementation. Which can still deviate in many regards
             | from this vision.
             | 
             | The UK already axed the franchising model late last year.
             | There's a concrete need to replace it with a different
             | model. That's what this paper is trying to answer. And
             | there's a clear vote for a "concession model" over a
             | "franchising model"
             | 
             | The questions you're posing are valid, but they pertain to
             | the finer details. The answer you're going to get if you'd
             | ask those involved would be: "we're going to figure this
             | out in the next stage."
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | I still don't understand what's the difference between
               | the old franchising system and the new concessions. Can
               | you ELI5?
        
               | CaptArmchair wrote:
               | So, this is about control.
               | 
               | Largely, the two systems are alike. They both grant
               | permission to an organization to operate a railway
               | service. The difference is in how the relationship is
               | defined.
               | 
               | Franchising typically is about giving license to a
               | franchisee allowing them to use intellectual property,
               | know-how, products and so on in exchange for a fee and
               | adhering to a set of obligations. The franchisee then is
               | free to setup a business selling branded services and
               | products.
               | 
               | A concession contract is different. It's an (exclusive)
               | right which is granted to a concession holder giving
               | permit to use an asset required to operate a service.
               | Between private parties, a typical example would be a
               | concession stand in a sports stadium (permit is giving
               | for you to operate a drink, food, souvenir stand on the
               | premises). Usually, the concession holder will pay a fee
               | to the concessionaire.
               | 
               | A public service concession is a subcategory, and,
               | depending on local legislation, works in a different way.
               | The management contract doesn't provide leeway for the
               | concession holder as to how to operate the service. The
               | management contract specifies almost everything: fares,
               | timetables, performance indicators, awards/penalties and
               | so on. The operator collects revenue on behalf of the
               | public authority.
               | 
               | So, why sign up for a public service concession? Because
               | the concession holder gets a predictable source of
               | revenue through public funding.
               | 
               | The theoretical benefit to the public is that the mode of
               | operations resides with a public body which holds
               | responsibility, and therefor can be held publicly
               | accountable in a direct way as to how railroad systems
               | are operated. In practice, disparate political interests
               | can (and will) influence and even cause friction in how
               | these concessions are governed.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean franchising is necessarily the better
               | option. In this model, public control over the entire
               | operational aspect of railway servicing is largely
               | relinquished to private actors, any requirements set
               | towards franchisees only represents a minimum bar for
               | quality of service which they need to attain.
               | 
               | Shifting dynamics within the private market of
               | franchisees (actors entering/leaving/getting
               | acquired/...) may also impact the overall reliability of
               | services. In a concession model, there's an (perceived)
               | assurance that the same actors will continually operate a
               | service for a predefined period of time according to set
               | requirements.
               | 
               | As to which model is "better". I think exploiting
               | national railway services is a complex problem domain
               | which requires specific business expertise. Beyond the
               | occasional reading online, I can confidently say that I'm
               | absolutely not in a position to attribute absolute value
               | to one over the other. Especially not at a point where
               | information for this concrete case publicly available is
               | limited to a white paper.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | Thanks for the thorough explanation!
        
               | gsnedders wrote:
               | > Franchising typically is about giving license to a
               | franchisee allowing them to use intellectual property,
               | know-how, products and so on in exchange for a fee and
               | adhering to a set of obligations
               | 
               | Note that over the past 15 years or so, the franchises
               | have had much more in way of obligations set on them from
               | on-high (the Department of Transport, Transport Scotland,
               | and Transport for Wales) than British Rail ever did, and
               | in many ways the service provision is much more
               | micromanaged by political motives than has historically
               | been the case.
               | 
               | That said, due to the nature of franchising it was often
               | the franchisee that took the blame for the franchiser's
               | decisions in setting the contract (and _many_, nay,
               | _most_ of the problems with the GB rail network come from
               | government decisions).
        
       | onethought wrote:
       | Love to be proved wrong. But public transport's goal never was to
       | turn a profit. It's a public good, and should be measured by its
       | "public good"ness.
       | 
       | Extracting profit feels like something that disproportionately
       | targets the poor/working class and leads to either an exploited
       | workforce and worse service... without a reduction in overall
       | costs.
       | 
       | Now this trend of a "Nationalised Brand" over a "privatised
       | service" just feels like insult to injury...
       | 
       | Can capitalism hurry up and eat itself so we can try something
       | else...
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | Japan is completely privatised, extremely efficient, huge
         | network, fastest trains in the world, and is profitable. One of
         | the many ways they did it was by converting stations into mini-
         | malls and charging rent. Also, a strong partnership with the
         | state helped.
        
           | onethought wrote:
           | Huge network... Japan... sure if you're Taiwan I guess you'd
           | think it's huge.
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | There must be a better way to set up incentives.
       | 
       | Eg.
       | 
       | Company is chosen - they get a temporary monopoly on a route, for
       | free instead of having to pitch a ridiculous low ball
       | 
       | But...
       | 
       | Every time a train is late, they pay PS100,000
       | 
       | Every time a train is cancelled they pay PS1,000,000
       | 
       | They pay PS10 for every passenger complaint.
       | 
       | Etc etc
        
         | ferongr wrote:
         | Does the state pay the company when delays, cancellations and
         | passenger complaints are a result of publicly owned
         | infrastructure and timetable planning?
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | Why would a company sign up to be flogged like this, though?
        
         | gsnedders wrote:
         | The existing management contracts pre-COVID19 (primarily London
         | Overground and the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern
         | railway (yes, that's all one company!)) _did_ have penalties
         | for late running, partial cancellations, or full cancellations.
         | 
         | One can argue whether increasing the fines would lead to better
         | service, or whether it would just increase the cost they bid
         | for the concession to cover those costs, effectively resulting
         | in increased subsidy.
         | 
         | There's also the fact that in many cases there's limitations to
         | what the concession can do: the existing ones have had much
         | decided by the body granting the concession (such as rolling
         | stock, thus limiting their ability to procure more reliable
         | rolling stock if needed), and they don't have any control over
         | infrastructure (and e.g. signal failures or flooding).
        
       | mvzvm wrote:
       | Good. This is wildly overdue. The privatization of public
       | infrastructure (ex:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail) was
       | a crime of the highest corruption.
       | 
       | Edit: Link broke?
       | 
       | Edit 2: Thank you @bogdan
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-57176858
        
         | zelos wrote:
         | Following the link from that page, the impact of privatisation
         | is debatable:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_privatisation_of...
         | 
         | Reduced subsidies (per journey), massively increased passenger
         | numbers, improved satisfaction and (apparently) a slower rate
         | of season ticket price increase than under British Rail would
         | appear to be some of the positives.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | Given the currently UK leadership, I can't imagine this going
         | to be anything other than a nightmare of bungling and
         | corruption that I will be reading about in Private Eye in years
         | to come.
        
         | carnagecity786 wrote:
         | Unfortunately this isn't actual nationalisation. The railway
         | will still be operated by private firms, this is only a
         | transfer of franchising from the department of transport to
         | this new "Great British Railways" department; which is a new
         | franchising model. It's supposed to allow them to set unified
         | fees, and have greater control over branding and speak with a
         | unified voice, but apart from that I don't see any of the
         | issues that we've had with privatised rail going away - those
         | issues being incredibly high fees, understaffed and underpaid
         | workers, under maintained infrastructure, and a lack of real
         | investment in areas with little to no infrastructure at all
         | (the north).
         | 
         | Also, you can really tell who the government are targeting this
         | campaign at, and that's what it is, a media campaign. "Great
         | British Railways"? Appealing to nationalist sentiments whilst
         | doing little to nothing is the entire modern tory agenda.
        
           | scatters wrote:
           | High fares (and they aren't that high) aren't a result of
           | privatization; they're because of a lack of subsidy. In the
           | UK, despite the obvious environmental benefits, subsidizing
           | rail is politically awkward because it's regressive.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | Yes, it's hard to argue I should be putting my hand in my
             | pocket to pay for the train fare for my neighbour so they
             | can earn a London wage.
             | 
             | People do complain about the fares but the trains are full
             | so it's questionable whether they are too high.
             | 
             | If I'm looking at it from an environmental perspective I'd
             | argue the other options (cars, planes) are too cheap.
        
               | chanc3e wrote:
               | Interesting that you see rail as a method to earn a wage.
               | 
               | I think it's positively evil for society that someone on
               | minimum wage can't visit family or relations because they
               | can't afford the fare.
               | 
               | That hurts everyone.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | >Interesting that you see rail as a method to earn a
               | wage.
               | 
               | Because that is the reality for the majority of rail
               | travel. Off-peak is an afterthought.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | If privatisation of essential services is a crime (it's
             | not, but it should be), privatising the subsidies and
             | directing them to private companies is much worse.
             | 
             | If one has a basic right to healthcare, education, and
             | freedom of movement, then all those things should be
             | provided by the state.
        
             | chanc3e wrote:
             | They are high.
             | 
             | I had to get from the West, to London, and then to the
             | north last week.
             | 
             | Wiltshire to London: ~100miles, PS24 London to Derbyshire:
             | ~120miles, PS158
             | 
             | I'd like to give the benefit of the doubt about peak times,
             | but I started my journey at 10:30am. The prices make no
             | sense; unless viewed through the private entities ability
             | to gouge.
             | 
             | Whenever I'm in Europe and buy a ticket I spend an extra
             | 20secs at the ticket machine thinking I've made a currency
             | conversion badly before realising, no, European trains are
             | great value and UK trains are an exercise in exploiting a
             | captive market.
        
               | scatters wrote:
               | You're lying or deluded. STP-DBY, 10:32 on Monday 24 May:
               | PS53 Advance, PS67 Off Peak. The _most_ expensive ticket
               | is the First Class Anytime, at PS145.50.
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | Re infrastructure, my worst memories involve commuting
           | between Oxford and London (a major rail route in the grand
           | scheme of things) and it breaking down a few times a month,
           | especially in winter, due to "signalling failures".
           | 
           | It turns out rail signals were controlled by buried cables
           | without adequate insulation, so when it was wet they
           | literally stopped working. And yes, this was 21st century,
           | not steam trains.
        
             | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
             | > It turns out rail signals were controlled by buried
             | cables without adequate insulation, so when it was wet they
             | literally stopped working
             | 
             | More than that: buried cables without adequate insulation
             | and nobody knew where they were buried.
             | 
             | Railtrack (the unlamented privatised company that
             | originally took on the railway infrastructure) threw out
             | the engineering diagrams. So when the time came to dig up
             | the Great Western Main Line out of London for
             | electrification, signalling failures were a routine
             | occurrence because someone had put an excavator through a
             | signalling cable... again.
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | Alas this seems to be best served by bus nowadays. The
             | buses are comfortable and cheap, and connect several places
             | in Oxford to Victoria coach station.
        
               | chalst wrote:
               | My experience of road travel in the south was that delays
               | were too frequent for journeys crossing the M25 for me to
               | depend on it. That's from before good consumer traffic
               | analysis apps; maybe those improve things enough.
        
               | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
               | Cheap, certainly. Also slow, and comfortable's in the eye
               | of the beholder (I can't read in a road vehicle, so not
               | for me). The Paddington services are much better these
               | days, and there's also the excellent (new) Marylebone
               | service. I live just outside Oxford and wouldn't dream of
               | getting the bus.
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | There are nice, fast trains from Paddington to the West,
               | including Oxford.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Actually the Oxford to London bus services have been
               | shutting down because of falling passenger numbers and
               | traffic congestion.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-
               | oxfordshire-50992888
        
               | yrro wrote:
               | A lot of those passengers went over to Stagecoach's
               | competing Oxford Tube service, which served a couple of
               | different stops within London, but (in my experience)
               | offered a much more frequent service.
        
             | petepete wrote:
             | Until lockdown I commuted to Manchester on the Rochdale
             | line in Leyland-branded Pacers[0]. Trains with an intended
             | lifespan of "no more than twenty years", that are now 35-40
             | years old. The tickets cost PS100 per month and in the
             | years I did it, only managed to find a seat on a handful of
             | occasions. I had to wait at the station because the train
             | was too full more frequently than finding a seat - often
             | they'd show up with only two carriages.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacer_(British_Rail)
        
               | mjbeswick wrote:
               | PS100 a month not bad. My season ticket used to cost
               | PS4400, for a 25 minute ride to London waterloo, and tube
               | to Hammersmith. Still cheaper than PS28 for the day!
        
               | verytrivial wrote:
               | Same here, but newer trains no-one was really asking for,
               | and tickets about three x what you were paying (about
               | PS290/month and no seats from my stop in, 25 minutes.)
               | The line -- Thameslink -- got so bad the government took
               | over paying the _compenstation rebates_ for distrupted
               | customer journeys while letting the operators continue to
               | trouser all the fares in addition to something a 4
               | billion pound operating payment regardless of how badly
               | they performed.
               | 
               | This is pure, Tory mansion-building stuff and apparently
               | exactly what everyone who bothers to vote in this country
               | wants. Yay.
        
               | bencollier49 wrote:
               | Ah yes, the Pacers - they were literally based on
               | remodelled bus designs. Did yours smell strongly of
               | mildew?
        
               | petepete wrote:
               | To be fair they were clean and well-maintained. They also
               | had the benefit of being flushed through with fresh air -
               | a result of the doors not forming a seal around the
               | edges.
        
               | bencollier49 wrote:
               | We had ones which smelled like the seats had been left in
               | a damp garage for a couple of years.
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | PS100 a month? It's PS200 return for a day for Bristol to
               | London - and that's if the train gets you there, and
               | doesn't dump you somewhere outside of Chippenham because
               | it's the wrong kind of sunny today and the rails have
               | buckled, or it's cold and the rails have frozen, or it's
               | raining and the train is poorly with diesel cholera. All
               | of these are acts of god, of course, so aren't
               | compensatable events.
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | There's also "leaves on the track", my personal
               | favourite. Sometimes I struggle to believe trains were
               | invented in the UK!
        
               | cosmodisk wrote:
               | This one,albeit sounding funny,is a pretty serious issue:
               | leaves get crushed under the weight of a train and
               | eventually form a teflon like film on the tracks, which
               | makes it very slippery. Not an expert in this area,so no
               | idea how it's dealt with in various countries.
               | 
               | My favourite is: the carriage is deflated. People
               | couldn't stop laughing when told so, but what it meant in
               | reality is that the support cushions deflated and the
               | carriage can't have passengers on board.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Most systems with wet leaf problems use sand dispensers
               | for added traction.
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | And there's the rub. Is that network rail's problem, or
               | the operator's? Network rails's rails... operator's train
               | wheels, leaves in the middle. The leaves are undefined,
               | and are therefore probably nobody's problem but the
               | passengers'.
        
               | slifin wrote:
               | Yep just wanted to echo this I live in Bristol and have
               | been stung by outrageous tickets prices too many times
               | 
               | It's buses or coaches only now, I'm not surprised
               | everyone drives here
        
               | yakshaving_jgt wrote:
               | The last time I had to travel from London to Bristol and
               | back, I rented a car from Heathrow airport and it cost me
               | a quarter of the price the train would. It takes the same
               | amount of time, but the car is more comfortable and worse
               | for the environment. The system is _so_ broken in the UK.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | Problem is that there is massive pent up demand. Cheaper
               | tickets mean more people travelling longer distances to
               | work when there isn't capacity. The last thing we need is
               | even more regular commuting to London from outside
               | greater London.
               | 
               | This demand is caused by high house prices and lack of
               | opportunities outside of the SE. Trains are a sticky
               | plaster that gives lots of subsidy to middle class
               | commuters whilst local bus services are cut. Distance is
               | also environmentally problematic regardless of mode of
               | transport.
        
               | petepete wrote:
               | PS100 per month for six miles each way when bought as a
               | season ticket.
               | 
               | A Bristol to London season ticket is PS1300 per month for
               | ~120 miles each way. Bargain!
        
               | thorin wrote:
               | Something like 160 pounds at peak time from Nottingham to
               | London. Service is good but it's just inconceivable that
               | private individuals would be paying that, all the
               | travelers are on expenses or are self employed
               | contractors/consultants. When I started working and up
               | till about 2005 the same journey was about 40 pounds - a
               | massive increase!
        
             | chalst wrote:
             | Indeed. At the time of privatisation, I commuted to Oxford
             | from a small village that was 20 min train ride away.
             | Privatisation encouraged me to make the switch to the 45
             | minute cycle ride, which I suppose was good for me. I do
             | remember seeing the automated departures table being 80%
             | filled with notices of cancelled services or trains that
             | were over an hour late.
        
             | AdmiralGinge wrote:
             | It's even worse in the other direction; I used to go from
             | Oxford to Aberystwyth quite often and Arriva Wales were
             | truly appalling. They only ever ran two carriages for part
             | of the route despite Aberystwyth being a university town so
             | even when the Biblical unreliability of the trains wasn't a
             | factor you were inevitably crammed in like cattle for the
             | slaughterhouse. I've heard things are a bit better now
             | Transport for Wales has taken over.
             | 
             | Beeching's axe really did a number on Wales, the country is
             | effectively cut in half by rail and travel between North
             | Wales and Cardiff takes a massive 3+ hour detour across the
             | border to Shrewsbury. Reversing some of his cuts and
             | reopening the Aberystwyth to Carmarthen line has been
             | seriously talked about in recent years and I think it would
             | be a very good idea. Beeching's cuts were extraordinarily
             | myopic and allegedly the government of the day was in bed
             | with road haulage companies who had an interest in hurting
             | the railways. At any rate I hope his route to the afterlife
             | involved a tediously indirect detour via limbo and
             | purgatory!
        
           | Sosh101 wrote:
           | "Great British Railways" -eyeroll-
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | Well they can't call it the United Kingdom Railways now the
             | UK is falling apart.
        
               | isthisnametaken wrote:
               | Also, more precisely, it doesn't cover Northern Ireland,
               | which is separate and has its own system linked to the
               | Irish rail network.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NI_Railways
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Also this is less nationalised than ScotRail, which will
           | actually be state run: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-
           | scotland-scotland-politics-564...
        
             | Gaelan wrote:
             | Can they still do that, now that the ScotRail franchise is
             | (presumably) no more?
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Transport is a devolved matter, so that shouldn't be
               | affected. Although this is often confusing and badly
               | reported.
        
               | grlass wrote:
               | The ScotRail brand was operated by the private company
               | Abellio, who lost the contract due to long term failure
               | to meet its requirements of reliability etc - was in
               | trouble before the impact of the pandemic.
        
           | flukus wrote:
           | > this is only a transfer of franchising from the department
           | of transport to this new "Great British Railways" department
           | 
           | Sounds like it's designed to further distance government and
           | it's ministers from any sort of accountability. Just like any
           | government owned corporation.
        
           | IndySun wrote:
           | >doing little to nothing is the entire modern tory agenda
           | 
           | Spot on. Only I venture it is worse. More public money to
           | business friends. The point of public transport is to allay
           | the burden of cost to the public, having no choice but to
           | travel for work. I'll say that again - no choice (zero work
           | where they live) and physically travel to work.
           | 
           | Despite the pandemic, an extreme example of people forced to
           | stay home to work, the number of people that had to continue
           | to travel to work was surprisingly high. And, as ever, the
           | people with the least suffer the most. This is a PR exercise
           | by any other name. The devil is in the details, as is being
           | pointed out.
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | > The privatization of public infrastructure (ex:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail)
         | was a crime
         | 
         | From that same Wikipedia article:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GBR_rail_passengers_by_ye...
         | 
         | So, during the 1948-1995 nationalized period, train ridership
         | was in almost constant decline, and from the 1995
         | privatization, train ridership started a steady and steep
         | increase.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_privatisation_of...
        
         | ant6n wrote:
         | The infrastructure had been renationalized for quite a while.
         | Its the Operators that have still been private, which in
         | general can be made to work. In Britain it didn't work well.
        
         | chalst wrote:
         | Don't expect the people who lined their pockets during
         | privatisation to lose any money. Do expect Tory party donors to
         | do well in whatever actually happens.
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | Where on that wikipedia link you cited does it say it was a
         | crime and corrupt?
        
           | chalst wrote:
           | Wikipedia doesn't make such claims in so-called 'in-wiki
           | voice', since they are contested.
           | 
           | Rail privatisation was enormously complex. If you want to see
           | a clear example of Tories using economic liberalisation to
           | achieve political ends in immoral, a much better example is
           | demutualisation of the building societies.
           | 
           | https://www.mutualinterest.coop/2020/02/how-conversion-of-
           | co...
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | I think you could describe that as contested as well.
        
               | chalst wrote:
               | "that"? The account given of the effect of
               | demutualisation in the article I linked to is not
               | controversial. Obviously my claim that the policy of a
               | political party was immoral is, but I know Tories who
               | agree with me about this.
        
       | OJFord wrote:
       | Hurrah! Even as a free market conservative I've long been in
       | favour of this: bidding for the multi-year contract to operate a
       | line is a poor proxy for (impossible) proper competition where
       | rail users could vote with their feet and wallets.
       | 
       | There's effectively only one operator anyway, for a given
       | journey, it should be the state, awarding the multi-year contract
       | to the elected government is strictly better than to a private
       | company where there's little/much more indirect incentive to do
       | anything in the interest of the consumer.
       | 
       | You don't travel with X from A to B because you think X is great
       | value for money and provides a really top notch service; you do
       | it because you need to get from A to B and X happens to be the
       | operator.
       | 
       | However.. I'm pessimistic... I'm sure operators will push back on
       | 'under one brand', and argue they need this that and the other in
       | order to differentiate themselves and effectively compete...
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | > awarding the multi-year contract to the elected government is
         | strictly better than to a private company
         | 
         | This is objectively not true otherwise no-one would every
         | privatise the railway. Although the answer is not agreed, my
         | own experience of working on the public-owned railway in the UK
         | in the 1990s was that public-sector organisations have
         | virtually no incentive to be clever or efficient, at best they
         | are indifferent, at worst they are job-creation systems that
         | cost billions to the tax payer.
         | 
         | The theory is that private companies have a reason to make
         | things more efficient, which is to maximize profit, reducing
         | costs and being overall cheaper to the tax payer.
         | 
         | Of course, this brings it own dangers in terms of service
         | reduction due to unprofitable services but it would be
         | simplistic to think that somehow the tax payer should subsidise
         | those who actually use the trains. Ultimately, they should cost
         | what they cost to run and if that is too much, then they need
         | to change.
         | 
         | I would also say that the services and overall quality are much
         | higher on the privatised railway.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | They privatised profits, but not responsibilities. I don't know
         | why even a single person thought this was a good idea (unless
         | they were on it for money).
         | 
         | I think the privatisation could work if multiple companies
         | could bid for a given journey / timetable slice, rather than
         | having entire routes for themselves with no realistic way of
         | removing them if the service goes bad.
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | They did privitise the risk too. After the failure of the
           | east coast franchise recently, the government bailled out
           | virgin, but that's not the fault of the system.
           | 
           | If I want to travel from Birmingham to London I have a choice
           | of 3 different train companies, as well as a coach company
           | and driving (either hiring a car with or without driver, or
           | using my own car). That's tons of competition, and it shows
           | given the choice.
        
             | permo-w wrote:
             | out of all those options, it may even be cheaper to fly
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | The lack of accounting for externalities with flights may
               | make it cheaper, but there aren't any flights from London
               | to Birmingham, and even if they were they'd be far slower
               | than getting any of the train options, and probably
               | slower than the coach.
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | I lived on a Southern line and alternative was Thameslink
             | with uncomfortable trains (crammed seats, no tables for
             | coffee or anything - at least they were running mostly
             | empty as nobody wanted such discomfort). Trains always
             | late, I almost lost my job because of that. I had to get a
             | car and drive 100 miles each day because train journeys
             | were not sustainable. Has anything happened to Southern? I
             | doubt.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Why didn't you use Southern?
               | 
               | When are you talking about? There was a lot of investment
               | in the (laughably named) Thameslink 2000 program, which
               | was put in place to dig the route out of the mess that
               | the nationalised rail network had left it in by the 90s,
               | it started in 2009 and is still undergoing improvements
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | Because the trains were not showing up. If a train showed
               | up, there was likelihood of a delay. It was also common
               | that rush hour trains were short - so even if the train
               | arrived, you were unlikely to be able to get in. It was a
               | lottery with odds against you. I was constantly late
               | because of that and employer could only be patient for so
               | long. I am disabled (not visibly) and using Thameslink as
               | an alternative was exhausting (as mentioned - small
               | seats, very uncomfortable). If I recall also Thameslink
               | had much slower service than Southern. I hate driving, so
               | imagine how bad it was if I found eventually going by a
               | car was much better experience for me.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | So Southern wasn't turning up and Thameslink was poor?
               | 
               | When was it?
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | 2017 onwards
               | 
               | e.g. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-42707560
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | So after it was nationalized. Southern and Thameslink are
               | the same company.
               | 
               | You suffered from the political decision that the
               | government made to get rid of guards. No company would
               | take it as a franchise because they knew the fight with
               | the union would impact both profits and users, so they
               | got GTR to operate it under a management basis.
               | 
               | This is now what is happening to every other TOC.
        
               | flarg wrote:
               | Southern was a government funded battle with the trade
               | unions
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | And both Southern and Thameslink are run by the
               | government (via a management contract to GTR), have been
               | since 2014.
               | 
               | Southern is the reality of modern railway
               | nationalisation, a little better than BR perhaps.
        
             | secretsatan wrote:
             | I just don't think that's how rail should work, I'm not
             | booking a flight to go to another country, I should be able
             | to turn up to a train station and get on a bloody train.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | That's certainly how I use the rail network (and often
               | the plane network - I've booked a flight from Europe to
               | the far east with just a few hours notice on more than
               | one occasion), and you can do that (unlike in europe
               | where you have to book long distance trains in advance in
               | many countries). I don't see the conceptual difference
               | between going London - Paris or London - Edinburgh
               | though?
        
               | teachingassist wrote:
               | This does work in many other European countries, but
               | there simply isn't enough rail capacity for this in the
               | UK.
               | 
               | Turn up to any mainline station during peak hours and you
               | can observe this for yourself (also non-peak hours in
               | many cases). Trains which require reservation have
               | scarcely any standing room.
               | 
               | Other countries would be quick to complain if you don't
               | get the seat that you paid for.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | >If I want to travel from Birmingham to London I have a
             | choice of 3 different train companies
             | 
             | Great, now talk about _literally any other line in Britain_
        
               | signal11 wrote:
               | London to Birmingham is an exception because you have
               | three train companies but also two separate sets of
               | tracks -- the West Coast Main Line (WCML) and the
               | Chiltern Line. This builds a lot of resilience into the
               | system. I wish other lines had this as well.
               | 
               | That said, the WCML is extremely well run _relative_ to
               | the horrow shows in S and SE England.
               | 
               | If you live along the WCML (think Bucks, Coventry, etc),
               | you have two providers: Avanti (formerly Virgin) and
               | London Northwestern/West Midland (formerly Midland). You
               | actually have Southern as well, but they are... not a
               | credible provider.
               | 
               | HS2, if it's ever done, will further reduce pressure on
               | the WCML and increase resilience.
               | 
               | But on the other hand, go up North and there used to be
               | trains which are modified bus bodies[1]. Are those still
               | there? So yes, absolutely, the rail network does need to
               | improve across the country.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacer_(British_Rail)
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Go up North and you have Northern, which as well as
               | running pacers for years (I think they're all gone now)
               | drained funds, because running a rail network with few
               | passengers is expensive.
               | 
               | That means either higher tax to subsidise it, or it means
               | higher prices on profitable parts of the network to
               | cross-subsidise it
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | _Alternate routes with competitors_
               | 
               | London-Edinburgh (West coast vs east coast. West Coast is
               | slower but cheaper)
               | 
               | Bristol-Manchester (XC via Birmingham vs ATW via Hereford
               | - I usually take the slower cheaper Wales train as I
               | prefer the route and the seating)
               | 
               | Manchester-Norwich (via Sheffield-Peterborough, Via
               | London, Via Leeds-Doncaster)
               | 
               | London-Reading (GWML from Paddington vs South West from
               | Waterloo)
               | 
               | Exeter-London (Paddington via Westbury on GWR vs Waterloo
               | via Salisbury on SWT)
               | 
               | Manchester-Warrington (ATW via Newton, EMT via Birchwood)
               | 
               | London-Hastings (via Tunbridge Wells or via Haywards
               | Heath)
               | 
               |  _And different competitors on the same track_
               | 
               | Milton Keynes - London (West Coast, London Midland,
               | Southern)
               | 
               | York - Newcastle (TPE, LNER, XC)
               | 
               | Manchester-Glasgow (Northern+WestCoast, TPE)
               | 
               | Stoke-Manchester (Northern vs XC vs West Coast)
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | The end of the rail franchise system is not new news.
         | 
         | The franchise agreements were effectively terminated in March
         | 2020 when the government bailed out operators due to Covid.
         | 
         | By July, the ONS announced that rail operators were now
         | considered part of the public sector for statistics purposes,
         | signalling that they had effectively been nationalised:
         | 
         | https://www.ons.gov.uk/news/news/theonsclassifiestrainoperat...
         | 
         | In September 2020 the government announced that franchises
         | would be not return:
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/sep/21/uk-covid-19...
         | 
         | What's new with this announcement is that the functions of
         | several organisations (Network Rail, ATOC/National Rail, etc)
         | will be merged together into a single new entity.
        
         | lathiat wrote:
         | Wendover Productions made a great video about this ridiculous
         | system. It's totally mad. https://youtu.be/DlTq8DbRs4k
        
           | mastax wrote:
           | Wow that was very good and comprehensive. Glad Wendover
           | decided not to burden the runtime with an unfunny joke every
           | 25 seconds.
        
             | himinlomax wrote:
             | They do that on their other channel. That is why they have
             | another channel.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Which one is the other channel?
        
               | intellirogue wrote:
               | Half as Interesting. It's more short form, humerous
               | content. Wendover is the longer form, more serious stuff.
        
         | midasuni wrote:
         | I'm not. I have a choice on the WCML of multiple different
         | providers. Manchester to London walk up far for almost any time
         | can be PS300 return for the fast train arriving in london
         | before lunch and getting home before 9pm, or PS50 for a slower
         | train with a change.
         | 
         | Same with crewe-Manchester, Birmingham-london, Edinburgh-london
         | etc.
         | 
         | Quite happy with the competition and no government
         | interference.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | You're saying there's clearly plenty of competition when a
           | flight from London to New York can be had for the price of a
           | fairly normal rail ticket from London to Manchester?
           | 
           | Those PS50 tickets are about market segmentation - separating
           | the customers who have time flexibility or are willing to
           | suffer from those who don't or aren't.
        
             | thu2111 wrote:
             | You're comparing apples and oranges. Rail is as expensive
             | as a plane ticket that goes much further because the
             | railways have far more limited capacity than the skies do.
             | It's not related to competition or lack of it - those rails
             | just cannot safely take more vehicles.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Lol, no, rail has 10x to 50x more capacity than skies do,
               | a single train can carry thousands of passengers and
               | China has invested in modern raileay because their
               | airspace is clogged. Now they have more high-speed rail
               | than the rest of the world conbined while plans for HS2
               | are older than I am and are still nowhere
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | That PS300 return subsidizes train services in rural parts
             | of cornwall. That's a political decision. Other options are
             | to have more taxpayer subsidy, higher prices in Cornwall,
             | close services in cornwall, or reduce operating costs
             | (which are heavily staff and rolling stock based --
             | something that HS2 will slash)
             | 
             | P.S. I just looked up an equivalent London-New York economy
             | flight (flexible flight leaving this evening and returning
             | tomorrow), and it's PS2,481.02
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | It also subsidized Richard Branson's lifestyle. This is
               | also a political decision.
               | 
               | I looked at London-NY - if I put it off one week I can
               | easily cross 1/3 of the world for less than the price of
               | a day trip to Manchester tomorrow.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Where does the subsidy for Branson's lifestyle come in?
               | Branson hasn't been involved in the UK rail network for a
               | couple of years.
               | 
               | If I look at Manchester-London in a weeks time with a
               | non-flexible ticket it costs PS45 return (actually for
               | PS45 it's pretty flexible - you are just limited to one
               | firms trains, a bit like that BA fare, and can't travel
               | in the morning rush hour)
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/CNCzmKu.png
               | 
               | That's less than 9p per mile. What do you think a fair
               | price would be?
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | A fair price would be a PS45 return ticket London to
               | Manchester if I bought it at 9am tomorrow at the station.
               | 
               | This would bring the UK rail prices more in line with
               | most other European countries.
               | 
               | PS300 is gouging.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | That's available and fine, as long as you leave Euston
               | after 0845.
               | 
               | You can take the 08:46, arriving in Manchester at 12:13 -
               | an average speed of about 60mph.
               | 
               | The PS300 is an option that few choose, because that
               | journey gives them major benefits. The money raised from
               | that is plowed back into the railway and used to
               | subsidise services to Harrogate, Holyhead and Hungerford
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Average speed of 60 mph? Is this 18th centurely where
               | rail competes with horse carriages?
               | 
               | You do realise that a country needs 21st century rail
               | service to be competitive interbationally?
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | You can pay a PS20 premium each way to up that to about
               | 100mph average. Competition and choice is great.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Quality services and products are great, choice for the
               | sake of choice has no value.
               | 
               | Otherwise we would bring back bloodletting, leeches and
               | snakeoil salesmen to get more choice in cancer treatment.
        
               | Camas wrote:
               | http://www.leeches.uk.com/
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | PS300 for a train ticket and you are happy? Have you been on
           | a train in China, France or even Czech Republic?
           | 
           | This parody for 'competition' has given us most expensive
           | fares in Europe and soviet-block quality of rail service.
           | 
           | It's a new disease, 'neoliberalism of the brain' that
           | maintains 'free market' even at the cost of organ failure
        
             | disabled wrote:
             | Austerity literally kills, and often leads to
             | neoliberalism. "The Body Economic: Why Austerity Kills" by
             | David Stuckler MPH PhD and Sanjay Basu MD PhD is an
             | excellent read on the subject.
             | 
             | The British, in no exaggeration, get taxed to death. You
             | get horrible value for your tax dollar. I am saying this as
             | an American who lives in Croatia, who pays quite a bit in
             | taxes. However, I prefer to pay Croatian taxes (in addition
             | to my US taxes) as a dual US|EU (Croatian) citizen, just
             | for a stable, relaxed society.
             | 
             | There is a very high baseline level of stress and anxiety
             | living in America. It's not worth living there again.
             | Seriously, Croatians have a great lifestyle, with perhaps
             | the best lifestyle in all of Europe. Also, if you die of
             | coronavirus in America, it is nothing more than a statistic
             | to both the government and the American population, which
             | is not only unbelievably disgusting, but downright
             | sadistic.
        
               | dadelion wrote:
               | I couldn't be more surprised by this comment as someone
               | born and raised in Croatia.
               | 
               | You are the first person I heard who likes paying
               | Croatian taxes. Do you follow the national news? There's
               | always a steady stream of corruption news, especially
               | recently.
               | 
               | It's ironic you post this in a thread about rail. Croatia
               | has a truly horrible rail system. It's universally mocked
               | as useless.
               | 
               | Regarding COVID, I would have agreed with you that
               | Croatia did great last year in March, but from late
               | summer 2020, it's been catastrophic. And Croatia depends
               | on tourism, so there's a big incentive to get things to
               | normal levels so tourists come. We could have been better
               | than Portugal now.
               | 
               | Also re COVID, have you witnessed the vaccination
               | campaign? Have you seen how many politicians and their
               | friends got vaccinated ahead of the elderly, despite
               | guidelines saying vaccines should be given according to
               | age? The rector of Zagreb university got a vaccine before
               | my grandma. How is that not sadistic?
               | 
               | Croatia has some great pros, such as a relaxed lifestyle,
               | but you're really stretching it with calling it a
               | rolemodel society and good value for taxes
        
               | disabled wrote:
               | Nobody likes paying taxes. I see it as my civic duty and
               | absolutely worth it for a stable society.
               | 
               | Of course Croatia is no role model society. Corruption is
               | always widespread.
               | 
               | However, we still do have it very good. That is a point
               | that is very frequently understated in Croatia.
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | https://www.seat61.com/uk-europe-train-fares-
             | comparison.html
             | 
             | > the next time someone says (or you read) "Britain has the
             | highest rail fares in Europe", you'll know this is only 15%
             | of the story. The other 85% is that we have similar or even
             | cheaper fares, too. The big picture is that Britain has the
             | most commercially aggressive fares in Europe, with the
             | highest fares designed to get maximum revenue from business
             | travel, and some of the lowest fares designed to get more
             | revenue by filling more seats.
        
               | morrbo wrote:
               | I'm sorry but this article is bullshit. Go and actually
               | check the train prices (because I did) now. Book
               | Sheffield to London 1 month in advance, comes out to PS70
               | odd return (nearly 4x more than article states) with a
               | first class upgrade for an extra PS70....Paris to Leon 1
               | month in advance? PS20 odd return with another PS20 first
               | class. Idk if something has changed but you can't quote
               | this article anymore. Train prices in the UK are
               | criminal.
        
               | Camas wrote:
               | Prices are "criminal" but not worth you doing more than a
               | cursory search for a cheaper ticket?
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | Everything is more expensive in the UK - salaries are
               | higher too, compared to Europe.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Train fares aren't (although the tax payer in France pays
               | far more for train services -- services which are pretty
               | rubbish compared with the UK.
               | 
               | Compare somewhere like Lesparre (population about 5,000
               | and 40 miles from Beudeux), which has about 10 trains a
               | day taking 90 minutes.
               | 
               | With Cononley (25 miles out of Leeds) with 4 trains in
               | each direction the next hour.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | London might be a beacon, but UK has the poorest regions
               | in Western Europe. In fact some ex-soviet countries do
               | better
               | 
               | https://highpaycentre.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/2020/08/High_Pa...
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | Seconded, this article is quite misleading. The UK fares
               | always seemed quite unpredictable to me when I used them,
               | with variances similar to those you see when booking
               | flight tickets. Maybe the fares have an extra component
               | based on demand? If I look for second-class tickets from
               | Edinburgh to Montrose (which I went on semi-regularly) @
               | scotrail.co.uk on 1st June I see prices that fluctuate
               | from PS9.30 to PS24.60. Maybe the guy only looked at the
               | lower-bound on the London-Sheffield route?
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Yes, train fares are based on demand, same as plane and
               | coach fares. Same as they are in Europe (The Paris-Dijon
               | journey in a months time is between EUR31 and EUR71
               | depending on what time you choose)
               | 
               | For _walk up fares_ , Edinburgh to Montrose is 100 miles
               | each way, an "off peak" return (so any time after 0930)
               | is PS34 if you limit yourself to LNER trains or 17p/mile,
               | or PS41 return for a choice of LNER or Scotrail trains.
               | If you want to travel before 0930 on whatever train turns
               | up next, it's PS48.60 or 24p/mile.
               | 
               | What price do you think you should be paying? In 2019
               | Scotrail carried 1.8 billion passenger miles got PS482.8m
               | subsidy - a 27p per mile subsidy. The company made a
               | PS11m loss too.
               | 
               | How much should the tax payer subsidise your Edinburgh-
               | Montrose journey? 35p/mile/ 45p/mile?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | The article actually explains this, with different
               | options
               | 
               | > For travel today, bought at the station, immediate
               | departure, outside the peaks...
               | 
               | And
               | 
               | > If travelling today in the business peak hours...
               | 
               | It acknowledges that finance bros travelling from
               | Manchester to London for a 9AM meeting and traveling back
               | on the 1630 will pay more. That doesn't affect most
               | people
               | 
               | The summary makes it quite clear.
               | 
               |  _The big picture is that Britain has the most
               | commercially aggressive fares in Europe, with the highest
               | fares designed to get maximum revenue from business
               | travel, and some of the lowest fares designed to get more
               | revenue by filling more seats._
               | 
               | Basically a tax on last minute business travelers to
               | subsidise leisure travelers and commuters.
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | Yeah I'd known about peak/off-peak, but it always seemed
               | odd that there was such a wide range and that there were
               | so many differently priced tickets within that range and
               | I never knew the formula. An even longer journey I take
               | here (Brno-Prague) seems to always be either 205kc or
               | 245kc (PS7-8.50).
               | 
               | I know British rail travel is more expensive, it's the
               | (to me) unpredictable ticket pricing that I would like to
               | decrypt
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | https://i.imgur.com/bvviAcJ.png
               | 
               | PS17.60 on the 12:05 departure on Jun 16th on trainsplit
               | with one change - 10p/mile.
               | 
               | And on the well-advertised and more expensive trainline
               | on Jun 17th
               | 
               | https://imgur.com/ymtzPhw.png
               | 
               | PS31.50 on the 12:37 direct. PS43.50 first class .
               | 
               | The 11:22 SNCF Paris-Dijon on the same date is EUR31, or
               | PS27. The 12:22 is EUR40 (PS35). One way.
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/1Zs0APR.png
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | As someone coming from a country (Italy) with nationalised
         | railway I always found the trains in the UK to be pretty great.
         | 
         | Sure, you have a few delays but it's eons better than what I
         | had in my country. I never understood why people were
         | complaining about trains in the UK.
         | 
         | Italy added a private offering some time ago, which I
         | personally never tried, but my friends back home always praise
         | them for working - unlike Trenitalia.
         | 
         | It's sad the government imposed lockdown killed another
         | industry - but I certainly won't rejoice for this
         | nationalisation.
        
           | virtualritz wrote:
           | Not sure when you last traveled by train in Italy.
           | 
           | Yes, it was shite a decade ago. But all my journeys by train
           | in Italy have been great in the last five years.
           | 
           | My sample size is certainly limited though. About two to
           | three long distance journeys by train/year in that country.
           | But still. A decade ago there were always delays and serious
           | hiccups. No more.
           | 
           | Trains were clean and on time. Mind you, this is long
           | distance. I.e. Milano-Firenze.
           | 
           | I guess the private company, Italo, may be responsible
           | indirectly for this as they generated pressure to up their
           | ante on Trenitalia?
           | 
           | Your mileage with short distance train travel in Italy may
           | differ. I do not have enough experience to hold an opinion
           | there.
           | 
           | In any case, it's much better than in my home country,
           | Germany. Everything is a joke here when it comes to long
           | distance rail travel. Punctuality, service, offering, price,
           | ergonomics (planning, ticket purchase, app).
           | 
           | I travel long distance every two weeks, I feel the pain every
           | time. Literally every 2nd time the train is late by at least
           | 20mins.
           | 
           | Best experience in Europe for train travel to me seems to be
           | France btw.
        
             | fabioborellini wrote:
             | Italo is lovely. They got the ticket sales right, which has
             | been really hard for the rigid former railway monopolies.
             | It is nice onboard, too. Actually, I chose Italo over
             | Trenitalia the last time just because of the nicer ticket
             | sales system.
             | 
             | With Italo, I could buy tickets well in advance using
             | PayPal, all in English. A lot nicer than some monopolies
             | using some local credit card processing gateways with
             | missing translations and connections.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | I've ridden trains in Italy during a few different
             | vacations. The local trains were hit and miss, but the long
             | distance trains were pretty good.
             | 
             | All over the EU, the biggest issues I've had with train
             | service always seem to be strike related.
        
           | tehbeard wrote:
           | I'm really curious as to what route you were on, and also
           | have to assume you've never had to ride the commuter trains.
           | 
           | I've had to commute by rail since 2014, I now have to head
           | out half an hour earlier than at the start, purely to account
           | for consistent 5-10 minute delays.
           | 
           | Atleast once a month the train is packed beyond standing
           | room.
           | 
           | Several times I've had to say fuck it and use the slower,
           | further away tram to have any hope of reaching the office.
           | 
           | And if your train is cancelled (dozen plus times a year)
           | station staff are fucking useless and annoyed you interrupted
           | their chinwag to ask how to get home.
        
           | iagovar wrote:
           | Then travel more man. Trenitalia is pretty competent for
           | whats out there. They even have boats to move entire train
           | carriages with the passengers inside to islands? That's
           | pretty cool! Here in Spain we have RENFE, and they are pretty
           | good overall, but pricey.
           | 
           | I know that many lines run at deficit so they have to
           | compensate with the ones that don't, but they recently
           | launched AVLO as a low-cost service in response for OUIGO and
           | private competitors coming to Spain, so there was probably
           | ways to make it cheaper...
        
             | darkwater wrote:
             | As an Italian living in Spain for a long while, I can say
             | that 10 years ago the difference was abysmal in favor of
             | Renfe and now the gap it's smaller (due to Renfe not
             | keeping up) but I still think the average Spain's train
             | station and service is better than Italy's. I can still see
             | (refurbished for the 3rd time) trains from ~25years ago
             | operating in Italy nowadays.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | >I can still see (refurbished for the 3rd time) trains
               | from ~25years ago operating in Italy nowadays.
               | 
               | If that's the problem, then do not try to use polish
               | railways. You can still find non-modernized EN57 from
               | 60s.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKP_class_EN57
               | 
               | Long distance trains can be no better tho...
               | 
               | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/
               | 973...
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | I don't see why that's a problem. Airplanes have a
               | lifespan of 30 years.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | OK, it's 2021 already, sometimes I forget, so we are
               | probably already north of 30 years. Anyway as I said they
               | have been refurbished and they are OK, at least on the
               | comfort side (AC and heating, sits quality). I hope they
               | are the same on the safety and mechanical side...
        
           | DanBC wrote:
           | UK trains are really variable.
           | 
           | If you're going from most major cities to London you get a
           | newish train, on a fastish route. If you're going between
           | major hubs you're probably going to have a nice experience.
           | 
           | But the local trains, the short trip commuter trains, can be
           | very old and very very busy. People pay huge amounts of money
           | to be crammed into old, slow, smelly, trains and there's not
           | enough seating so they have to stand.
           | 
           | The carriage supply operates on a "trickle down" model. The
           | new trains get used for London and those routes. The trains
           | that are replaced by the new trains get sent to the South
           | East and South West, who send their old trains to the
           | Midlands, who send their old trains to the North, who send
           | their old trains to Wales. Some of the carriages are really
           | rough.
        
           | malinens wrote:
           | on other hand I am amazed how good are Italian trains ehen I
           | travel there- they are fast, cheap and go almost everywhere
           | :)
        
           | _Wintermute wrote:
           | The trains in the UK seem ok in terms of the number of
           | services and reliability, but they're so expensive. It's
           | almost always cheaper to fly or rent a car than it is to use
           | the train for anything approaching long distance.
        
             | hogFeast wrote:
             | Prices fell with privatization (and efficiency went up).
             | 
             | The ownership structure doesn't matter. The UK has lots of
             | publicly-owned and privately-owned transport systems that
             | work well. The problem has been management. This is
             | unlikely to change that.
             | 
             | I live somewhere in the UK that already has publicly-owned
             | rail. Not as bad as the South-East, but it is still bad. I
             | have no real idea how...but they manage it. EDIT: it
             | actually hasn't transitioned yet...so we will see.
        
             | bsd44 wrote:
             | I drive to work because it's cheaper to pay for car
             | insurance, road tax and diesel fuel than it is to purchase
             | a season train ticket, not to mention it takes less time to
             | get to work and the commute itself is more comfortable. UK
             | trains are not a sane alternative to driving. Until the Gov
             | steps in and fixes that only people who absolutely much use
             | trains will continue to do so. With ever so popular and
             | becoming the norm remote working, the train service
             | companies are in for a big surprise.
             | 
             | EDIT: Also I wouldn't call UK trains reliable. I see a lot
             | of stations having a fleet of coaches ready or sometimes in
             | use because the trains are out of service. That's very
             | poor.
        
             | AM1010101 wrote:
             | Yes this is the problem. Using the train is often a non-
             | option. What's costs PS25 fuel will cost PS70 for a rail
             | ticket and often take longer if you are not going between
             | major cities. It's even worse if there are multiple people.
             | I would love to commute on the train (use your time more
             | effectively, lower CO2, less stress) but it's just too
             | costly as it is.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > What's costs PS25 fuel will cost PS70 for a rail ticket
               | 
               | Where are you planning on parking when you get there
               | though?
               | 
               | I'd rather pay quadruple for a ticket to London, than
               | drive into London and then try to park a car. I can't
               | imagine driving into a city - seems insane.
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | If visiting a city centre location then trains are great.
               | If you need to get to a place near a city then trains are
               | the worst, at least airports tend to be outside of the
               | city near the arterial routes.
               | 
               | I am originally from the outskirts of Glasgow and now
               | live on the outskirts of London. For my partner and I to
               | get to my parents house by train takes about the same
               | time (assuming all 4 changes go according to plan), costs
               | 6x as much and is far less flexible than driving. We tend
               | to stop at a cheap hotel midway so we can set off after I
               | finish work.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | vmateixeira wrote:
             | They couldn't agree more. [1][2]
             | 
             | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20190912051032/https://www.
             | stand...
             | 
             | [2] https://web.archive.org/web/20210225224745/https://metr
             | o.co....
        
             | de_keyboard wrote:
             | It's very strange. In the UK you often pay a fortune to sit
             | on a nearly empty train. This doesn't even seem like
             | pricing optimized for profit, let alone general carbon
             | reduction across all modes of transport.
        
               | vmateixeira wrote:
               | And it's often cheaper to buy 2/3 separate tickets, for
               | stops along the way of a long journey, than just simply
               | buying straight from A to B.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | This is to profit-maximise.
               | 
               | Under the rail franchise agreement during the bid
               | process, the terms might mandate that journeys from A to
               | B cost PS10, and that journeys from B to C cost PS5.
               | There might be no obligation to price travel from A to D
               | via B & C at a particular cost, so a rail operator might
               | make that more expensive.
               | 
               | It's silly from the consumer perspective, but it makes
               | sense for the rail operators to do this in order to
               | maximise profits.
        
               | vmateixeira wrote:
               | Thanks for the explanation. I had the wrong idea that it
               | could be due to, for example, if A->B belonged to a
               | different provider than B->C, providers not reaching an
               | agreement on what % to take each, for the journey from
               | A->C - hence increasing the overall cost for covering
               | demands from both.
        
               | gsnedders wrote:
               | No, there's long been a centralised system to attribute
               | the costs to different companies (IIRC, the system is
               | ultimately the descendant of what the British Rail
               | regions and later sectors used to split fare revenue
               | between them).
               | 
               | There's no negotiations between the companies here,
               | though they could ask the regulator (the ORR) to
               | intervene if they believed the algorithm gave unfair
               | results.
        
               | cameronh90 wrote:
               | Because it isn't.
               | 
               | The pricing, timetables and services were basically all
               | centrally controlled. The train operators put in requests
               | to change them, then the government (or Network Rail or
               | whoever they delegated the power to) would approve/deny
               | them. Since they're sharing access to the underlying
               | infrastructure, they can't do what they want.
               | 
               | Additionally, there are many trains that are unprofitable
               | but the operators are required by law to run them for
               | public interest reasons. When they designed the
               | franchising system, they tried to "balance" each
               | franchise so it had roughly the same number of profitable
               | and unprofitable routes.
               | 
               | The idea that our existing franchising system was
               | anything remotely resembling free market is absurd. Then
               | on top of that, because decision making and control was
               | distributed amongst 40 or so different corporate
               | entities, trying to make a change to the ticketing system
               | was damn near impossible.
               | 
               | If anything, this new concession-like system will likely
               | be more competitive, even if the government is acting as
               | an intermediary.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | >The idea that our existing franchising system was
               | anything remotely resembling free market is absurd.
               | 
               | As was the idea that this was even possible.
               | 
               | It was never set up to impose market discipline on the
               | rail providers. It was set up to be a profitable
               | investment. So Richard Branson could (as he put it),
               | print money.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | My experience was exactly the opposite - nicer stations, high
           | speed rail and vastly cheaper prices.
           | 
           | Please, do let us swap trenitalia for southern rail. I'm not
           | such a fan of forking over 1/3 of a median wage for season
           | ticket on a train that is delayed every other day.
        
         | flipbrad wrote:
         | I'm sorry to say, but these plans still see routes being
         | operated by private companies awarded multiyear contracts...
        
           | kitd wrote:
           | Pricing and scheduling are to be centralised though AIUI
        
           | tomxor wrote:
           | Perhaps, but:
           | 
           | > The government says the new system should look more like
           | Transport for London, with multiple operators under one
           | brand, offering greater accountability when things go wrong.
           | 
           | If it introduces more accountability, it's basically doing
           | it's job. Multiyear contracts do not mean no accountability.
           | I'm not a regular passenger but my understanding is that
           | reliability of current service is generally poor with little
           | to no recourse.
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | I didn't see any promises about additional recourse. It
             | seems to be more about bureaucratic consolidation than
             | accountability.
             | 
             | This is not the nationalisation and price freezes promised
             | by Corbyn.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | I don't see specific details either if that's what you
               | mean, other than the suggestion in the statement I quoted
               | above.
               | 
               | Perhaps i'm being naive, govt is not exactly my forte,
               | though it feels reasonable to suggest accountability is
               | implicit to consolidation here... currently they seem to
               | get contracted to essentially go and manage themselves
               | and their lines; whereas multiple operators under one
               | government management structure of some kind at least has
               | potential for accountability without relying on the
               | operators goodwill (which seems to be as absent as the
               | free market forces).
        
             | Reason077 wrote:
             | > _" I'm not a regular passenger but my understanding is
             | that reliability of current service is generally poor with
             | little to no recourse."_
             | 
             | In my experience, the UK rail system has been running
             | fantastically since Covid began! I don't think I can
             | remember even a single delayed train since March 2020 and
             | certainly no overcrowded ones. So it seems like the real
             | problem with the trains was always the passengers ;)
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | Isn't that a bit like saying it's not the ISP's fault
               | that they aren't delivering even 50% of the throughput
               | they promised? if only there weren't so many subscribers
               | - this is literally what happens on cheap mobile internet
               | with high contention ratios, when it's sunny outside, the
               | throughput and stability shoots through the roof.
               | 
               | It might be "one line", but the number of trains,
               | carriages, staff and general stress on the infrastructure
               | is based on the number of people using it - if not
               | managed well, or resources are stretched to thin to
               | squeeze profits, it's not the passengers fault. COVID
               | simply created a sudden and unusual surplus of resources
               | for them.
        
               | Digit-Al wrote:
               | The OP finished with a winky. They were being tongue-in-
               | cheek.
        
           | jonp888 wrote:
           | Nationalisation is not a panacea.
           | 
           | In France for instance, SNCF runs the non-TGV railway with
           | inefficency and carelessness on a "it's our railway and we
           | decide how you can use it" basis, and the regional
           | governments are chomping at the bit to be able to award the
           | contracts for subsided services to someone other than the
           | state monopoly.
        
           | another-dave wrote:
           | I'd be happier than the status quo even if it just meant
           | presented to customers as a single brand -- I always found it
           | ludicrous trying to get to, say, Gatwick from London Bridge &
           | thinking "There's a Thames Link train leaving at 5 past, I'll
           | go for that but if I don't reach the platform on-time, I
           | won't be allowed use my ticket on the next train, because
           | that's South Eastern, so I'll have to wait for the train
           | after that". Unnecessarily confusing.
           | 
           | "Flexible season tickets" is also a really welcome one,
           | especially if people go to WFH/office hybrid set-up.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | So does Transport for London, in some behind the scenes way I
           | don't need to know or care about.
        
         | JI00912 wrote:
         | > awarding the multi-year contract to the elected government is
         | strictly better than to a private company where there's
         | little/much more indirect incentive to do anything in the
         | interest of the consumer.
         | 
         | Well... the incentives really aren't different for the
         | government.
        
           | Stranger43 wrote:
           | Actually they are because unlike shareholders who cares more
           | about dividends then efficiency and service levels the
           | government have stakeholders who care about efficiency and
           | service levels.
        
             | JI00912 wrote:
             | Removing the incentive to make profit does not create
             | incentives to improve efficiency and service. The
             | government has no such incentives.
        
               | adamcstephens wrote:
               | Having an incentive to make profit doesn't create
               | incentives to improve efficiency and service. A private
               | companies incentives are the profits, and anything else
               | is just in order to serve those.
        
               | eertami wrote:
               | >does not create incentives to improve efficiency and
               | service.
               | 
               | I'm going to go out on a limb here, and guess you've
               | never used the for-profit rail services of the UK then.
               | 
               | (I know this is quite snarky, but to elaborate, there is
               | no incentive for the TOCs, because a operating a stretch
               | of railway line doesn't have any competition. You don't
               | need to be efficient or give good service because
               | customers do not have an alternative choice of train they
               | can use.)
        
               | dvdkon wrote:
               | Yes, they do, campaigning on a program of better services
               | and then not delivering anything is very much against
               | career politicians' interests.
        
               | dageshi wrote:
               | This was part of the reason why a lot of previously
               | nationalised stuff was privatised in the first place.
               | MP's would get people complaining to them about the
               | quality of their phone lines from BT for example.
               | 
               | It all moves in cycles, I could well imagine the same
               | situation happening again in 20 years.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | The timeframe for changes is so long that this has zero
               | chances of affecting any politician's career
        
               | dvdkon wrote:
               | Yes, but they're still judged for their actions, so
               | they'll lose voters if they do nothing or take actions
               | that will be widely criticised by the press.
        
             | midasuni wrote:
             | Hahahahaha
             | 
             | Oh wait you're serious. Let me laugh even harder.
             | 
             | Efficiency leads to profits and thus dividends. The
             | government cares more about politics than efficiency. Look
             | the the problems southern have had because the government
             | insisted on getting rid of guards - they effectively
             | nationalised southern (GTR) years ago because they refused
             | to let the private sector run it how they wanted.
             | 
             | Compare with chiltern who converted the Chiltern line from
             | a service about to shut down under the government in the
             | 80s to a leading toc massively increasing service and
             | options
        
               | squiggleblaz wrote:
               | I don't get this kind of argument. Efficiency doesn't
               | mean a good service. It means to minimise the costs in
               | meeting your contractual requirements. It's not unusual
               | for a company to be set up specifically to bid for a
               | government contract since they're so lucrative and so
               | hard for the government to respond to: a very profitable
               | approach is to compete for a contract and then offer the
               | shittiest service for which you are not subject to
               | penalties. In some cases the senior management of
               | reputable public transport service providers with decades
               | of service provision have basically just upped and left
               | the country before the contract is even through.
               | 
               | The free market certainly provides benefits, but there
               | needs to be some meaningful recourse to removing your
               | custom while the provider depends on it. Otherwise, it's
               | simply not a free market at all, no matter the
               | circumstances that surrounded the bidding process.
        
               | Reason077 wrote:
               | Chiltern Railways were great, and were one of the few
               | TOCs that genuinely competed for passengers against other
               | railways, as Chiltern, Virgin (now Avanti) and London
               | Midland (now West Midlands / London Northwestern) all
               | operated competing services between London and
               | Birmingham.
               | 
               | Back in the day, Chiltern had express peak-time services
               | to Birmingham which were only marginally slower than
               | Virgin's high speed trains. But Chiltern was _much_
               | cheaper and would serve you a cooked breakfast and proper
               | espresso coffee at your seat - in standard class!
        
               | daverol wrote:
               | The white paper extols their open data promise which will
               | allow (for example) "Personalised travel offers, like
               | free coffee when a service is delayed"
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | The government already had to care about that. They were
             | losing votes to promises of nationalisation under Corbyn in
             | 2017.
             | 
             | This looks like an attempt to present a kind of Potemkin
             | nationalisation to mollify the anger of people with PS1k+
             | season tickets and cement their hold on voters drawn away
             | from Starmer in the last election (who meekly dumped rail
             | nationalisation as a policy).
        
               | Stranger43 wrote:
               | But they could do nothing about it because of the arms
               | length principle, putting things under government control
               | shortens the chain of responsibility.
               | 
               | This measure might be too little to really matter but the
               | fact is that when you don't have an market(and for
               | passenger rail you kind of don't) outsourcing operations
               | to for-profit organisations provide nothing but a venue
               | to funnel cash out of the system to private shareholders.
               | 
               | When there is an functioning market that is not tied to
               | an government backed/guaranteed service it does make
               | sense to subcontract work to private enterprise, but
               | unless the government contracts represent a relatively
               | minor portion of the subcontractors revenue and the
               | subcontractor don't have more then say 20% market share,
               | there is no functioning market, so all you end up with is
               | an mercantilist structure of public risk and private
               | profits if you still insist on pushing the task to
               | private enterprise.
        
               | adamcstephens wrote:
               | I also question whether outsourcing is cheaper too. Once
               | you add in all the overhead in managing the contracts and
               | contractors, plus the profit for the companies, I
               | struggle to see how this is a better deal for government
               | (and by extension the taxpayer).
        
             | mnd999 wrote:
             | It would certainly simplify the structure. At the moment
             | it's all contracts and metrics and fines and lawyers when
             | things go wrong. Perhaps the end to the ultimate metric for
             | whether operators get fined or not being whether trains are
             | on time which leads to bizarre situations like trains
             | switching platforms at the last minute and leaving empty
             | due to all the passengers being on the wrong platform.
        
               | scaryclam wrote:
               | And getting flat out cancelled when it's cheaper to take
               | that hit than try to get passengers to where they're
               | going in spite of the delays.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | When the government will take away your franchise in a few
             | years - as just happened here - that is the only sane thing
             | to do.
             | 
             | Shareholders aren't stupid enough to invest in something
             | long term unless their investment will have a return.
             | Companies invest when there is a long term profit from the
             | investment that makes it worth it. With governments all
             | over the world having a history of nationalizing railroads,
             | there is no rail investment that can be made with a time-
             | frame beyond 7 years - and rail is up front expensive
             | enough you need a lot more than a 7 year time frame on most
             | investments.
             | 
             | Most of the railroads in the US were funded by 150 year
             | bonds. (your history class talked about the government
             | giving railroads 10 miles of land on each side of the track
             | - but that was only a few routes in the west that got that,
             | most rail in the east the railroads had to buy the land at
             | market price). I assume most of the rest of the world was
             | similar.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | It becomes a campaign issue (or does if it is an issue),
           | which is what I mean is 'strictly better'. Not great,
           | probably, but not worse in any other way that I can think of,
           | and that is a positive (to whatever extent).
        
             | JI00912 wrote:
             | Indeed the government has incentives to spend time, money
             | and energy on campaigning. Unfortunately running things is
             | a different matter.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | Ultimately both governments and private entities can run
               | things efficiently. And both governments and private
               | entities can run things badly. The UK government has an
               | excellent recent record of running rail franchises when
               | it has had to step in and bail out franchises (it ran it
               | profitably, and with excellent customer feedback on
               | service), so it's a good bet that it'll do better than
               | the existing providers for the time being.
        
               | ed_elliott_asc wrote:
               | It is the same people who worked for the franchises
               | working under government control - it is the senior
               | management who go but the actual doers are the same.
        
               | croon wrote:
               | Incentives on one is to maximize profits, which in a
               | monopoly means just extracting more money and spending
               | less.
               | 
               | Incentives on the other is electability (or ideology,
               | perhaps rare), which at least has the possibility of
               | meaning doing a good job.
        
             | fmajid wrote:
             | Look how much hay Mussolini made from running the trains on
             | time (which wasn't even the case, they just padded the
             | schedule).
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > which wasn't even the case, they just padded the
               | schedule
               | 
               | Well, if I'm a company using rail for freight or a worker
               | depending on the rail to get to work, it already is a
               | massive improvement if I can at least rely on the train
               | being where it should be at the announced time. Improving
               | the schedule for faster travel or shorter intervals is
               | another thing, but predictability alone makes my life
               | easier.
        
               | Digit-Al wrote:
               | Too right. It's always frustrating if your train is 2-3
               | minutes late and just as you step off the train you see
               | your connecting train leaving its platform and know you
               | now have a 20 minute wait for the next one. The could
               | definitely do with a bit more padding for those
               | situations.
               | 
               | Thankfully I don't have to take the train very often -
               | especially these days lol
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Both are important, but for different things. If the trip
               | time is too long nobody will take the train. If the train
               | isn't predictable nobody will take the train. You get a
               | bit of leeway in different situations though. The longer
               | the trip the less either matters because what else can
               | you do? If you are only going a few meters it needs to be
               | here now (whenever now is - on time in 1 minute is too
               | late!), and it only needs to be faster than walking that
               | distance. In between you get some ability to do things.
               | 
               | In the Swiss case on time is critical because they want
               | people to depend on their next train being there when
               | they get there. They assume most people will get off one
               | train and get on another (or a bus) so they all meet in
               | the same place at the same time. Early does nothing for
               | anyone unless the bus/train they are meeting is early and
               | leaves early. This is one good way to run a system. The
               | other is run so many trains/buses that whenever you
               | arrive there is another waiting for you that will leave
               | as soon as you can get on. This second way to run a
               | system is much faster and better for everyone - but the
               | costs are significantly higher though and so nobody can
               | afford to run a large system that way. (large cities
               | often can run this way and should where they can). Note
               | that system is the key word here. If you only have one
               | train the considerations are different.
        
               | disabled wrote:
               | LOL Switzerland (i.e. extremely punctual society)
               | actually does this with their rail system. There is a
               | time buffer in the rail schedule for each of the stops.
               | If a train is running late, and is /expected/ to be late,
               | according to the estimated time of arrival, the train
               | adjusts its speed, going faster, to arrive at the
               | originally planned scheduled time. Failures on the rail
               | system are of course rare.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | If they're _way_ late, they 'll skip stops too, so they
               | don't ruin the schedule for the whole network for the
               | day.
               | 
               | A few people in one town having to wait an extra 20
               | minutes ensures hundreds of thousands have a predictably
               | on-time system.
        
               | secretsatan wrote:
               | Late at night, if one of the regional trains is late to a
               | local hub, the local trains wait for it to arrive so
               | you're not stuck getting home.
               | 
               | In general though, I'm so used to the trains being on
               | time, I start tutting if it's even a minute late
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Yeah, my last visit to Switzerland they announced one of
               | the trains would be three minutes late and apologized for
               | the inconvenience.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, I've arrived in NYC fourteen hours late on
               | Amtrak.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | That's just good planning.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | I think all rail systems have some small buffers build
               | in.
               | 
               | On the polish site which tracks punctuality of trains,
               | you can often see train delayed for some time, which
               | decreases delay by every stop, eventually ending with
               | smaller delay or on time.
               | 
               | http://infopasazer.intercity.pl
        
               | bregma wrote:
               | What really happened is the trains continued to run the
               | same way they always had, but the Ministry of Propaganda
               | said they were running on time and people believed them.
               | It sounds cynical, but that's only because it worked.
               | 
               | Perhaps also because it's still working.
        
             | Guthur wrote:
             | And what happens when party A fucks up and you vote in
             | party B who also fuck it up your are officially out of
             | options.
             | 
             | The tender approach for time limited monopoly was just
             | terrible though and had no good incentives at all, and so
             | I'm not really sure a government monopoly will be much
             | worse.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | In decent voting systems, you vote in party C.
        
               | squiggleblaz wrote:
               | I don't think there's any voting system that genuinely
               | gives you three choices to lead government at every
               | election. Even in proportional systems, you might be able
               | to select someone who more closely represents your
               | interests and can advocate them in parliament, but the
               | government is probably going to be led by one of the same
               | two parties over time. If party A and party B are both
               | ideologically inclined to fuck up rail, getting party C
               | elected as a junior partner probably won't change that.
               | 
               | And if you're just hoping to replace party A entirely
               | with party C, FPTP is one of the better systems as long
               | as you're not in a country where election laws are set up
               | to ensure that the Democrats and the Republicans are
               | going to win almost every election. But that's a question
               | of candidacy laws and incumbent rights; changing the
               | voting system in the US won't suddenly cause other
               | parties to get elected.
               | 
               | Anyway, the fact that party A fucked it up and party B is
               | fucking it up doesn't mean party A lacks incentives to
               | improve it tomorrow. Perhaps they fucked it up because
               | their leader was incompetent, and now that there's been a
               | change in leadership they will be motivated to improve.
        
               | buzer wrote:
               | > but the government is probably going to be led by one
               | of the same two parties over time.
               | 
               | Finland has generally had 3 major parties ducking it out
               | usually around 15-25% for each. 1995 was last time single
               | party got over 30% of seats. Depends a bit on time which
               | exact ones they were.
               | 
               | English wikipedia doesn't have the historic list, but
               | Finnish does https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduskunta#Kans
               | anedustajat_puol... Divide by 2 to get the % (there are
               | 200 members)
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Population size is a big problem. The more you scale up a
               | democratic system, the more it becomes difficult to
               | bootstrap and maintain a coherent political movement that
               | can have a realistic chance to win an election, in what
               | is probably a logarithmic scale. So the bigger the
               | country, the more entrenched the options will be, which
               | eventually boils down to two sides when you approach
               | certain thresholds (one for the current government, and
               | one against it).
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | France has had a million parties. Romania, too. Italy,
               | same. If there's a will, there's a way. Most of the time
               | there's no will.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | If there was only one issue to vote on. However party C
               | will have some other negative that I hate that party A is
               | best on and party B is okay.
               | 
               | The only system that doesn't have voting negatives to me
               | is one with a population of less than 10 where I'm sole
               | dictator. Any population more than that and someone will
               | get mad at me and kill me. Republics with some form of
               | voting are the best option I know of for large
               | populations of people who aren't "mind numbed robots"
               | with no ideas of their own, and there is room to tweak
               | the voting system. However they are still terrible for
               | getting good results.
        
         | conjectures wrote:
         | > I'm sure operators will push back on 'under one brand'
         | 
         | You're probably right, but I don't think they'll succeed.
         | Everyone and their dog can see that TFL has worked well
         | compared to the rest of the country.
         | 
         | I don't particularly like our government, but I don't doubt
         | their commitment to populism. This looks like a vote winner to
         | me so I'd put low odds on a u-turn here.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | There would be no need for a U turn. Nothing very substantial
           | has been promised. Note the way they very deliberately
           | avoided the topic of price increases for instance.
           | 
           | I don't doubt this government's commitment to populist
           | rhetoric and the appearance of grand, sweeping changes
           | either. It's a formula that wins them a lot of votes,
           | especially against an opposition that is confused as to what
           | it stands for.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | The free market is only as free as the consumer.
        
         | ankalaibe wrote:
         | Yea, as if that's going to end up working well.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | How are customers on trains supposed to vote with their
         | wallets? It's not as if you can set up competing parallel
         | networks running trains side by side between identical
         | destinations at varying levels of speed and comfort.
         | 
         | Capacity is _physically constrained_ , especially on an ancient
         | network like the UK's.
         | 
         | Timetable slots are scarce and have to be centrally coordinated
         | and managed.
         | 
         | There is no sparkly market magic that will make these
         | constraints disappear and somehow give customers more choice
         | about where to go, when, and with whom. And there is no chance
         | whatsoever that operators can compete on price.
         | 
         | The only way to lower prices is nationalise the entire industry
         | and replace privatisation with direct investment, on the basis
         | that transport infrastructure is a social cost with significant
         | indirect benefits, and _cannot possibly be run as a self-
         | sustaining profitable business on a national scale._
         | 
         | The idea that competition for passengers will somehow make
         | profitability possible is a dilettante-level view that has no
         | insight into how the industry actually operates.
         | 
         | We've already had decades of this kind of thinking, and the
         | result has been mediocre services, vastly increased direct
         | subsidies, and ballooning fares.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | > How are customers on trains supposed to vote with their
           | wallets?
           | 
           | They can't.
           | 
           | > The only way to lower prices is nationalise the entire
           | industry and replace privatisation with direct investment, on
           | the basis that transport infrastructure is a social cost with
           | significant indirect benefits, and cannot possibly be run as
           | a self-sustaining profitable business on a national scale.
           | 
           | Hear hear!
           | 
           | I'm not sure if you realise you're agreeing with me, but yes,
           | exactly, I agree with you, that was my (intended) point too;
           | I wrote:
           | 
           | > bidding for the multi-year contract to operate a line is a
           | poor proxy for (impossible) proper competition where rail
           | users could vote with their feet and wallets.
           | 
           | Note the '(impossible)' - I mean that in the sense that I'm
           | generally pro 'leave it to the free market', but that that
           | only makes sense where you can have effective competition,
           | which as you say, you can't with national (especially
           | physical, electricity for example is fungible and so
           | abstracted that it mostly works being privatised on the
           | consumer/payments end at least) infrastructure like train
           | lines!
           | 
           | In some hypothetical land where there's multiple lines,
           | multiple services by different operators at the same time
           | competing on service and price, great, I'm all for that, let
           | them compete, don't nationalise it, let people vote with
           | their feet and wallets. But we live in the real world; they
           | can't.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | > It's not as if you can set up competing parallel networks
           | running trains side by side between identical destinations at
           | varying levels of speed and comfort.
           | 
           | Yes, you could. There is an East Coast Mainline and West
           | Coast Mainline and they competed loads over the London-
           | Edinburgh route.
           | 
           | But I think in this age of high-speed trains, overhead
           | electrification and 4+ wide tracks, railways are well and
           | truly a natural monopoly.
           | 
           | But natural monopoly is not about _can 't_ have competition,
           | it's about being thoroughly uneconomical to have competition.
        
             | VBprogrammer wrote:
             | > Yes, you could. There is an East Coast Mainline and West
             | Coast Mainline and they competed loads over the London-
             | Edinburgh route.
             | 
             | I've done that route dozens of times in the past. I think
             | it's stretching things to say they are in competition
             | though. For Glasgow it was 40 minutes faster to go up the
             | West coast (if you don't mind the smell of the toilets on
             | the Pendolino) and similarly the East Coast was faster for
             | Edinburgh because it avoided going all the way out to
             | Carluke and back. Of course that missing out the majority
             | of people using those trains were using it starting at an
             | intermediate station, making any competition slightly moot.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | I was referring more to the historical competition[0]. I
               | don't think it's as relevant today.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_to_the_North
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | I agree wholeheartedly. I would add that the real problem is
           | that the current UK political class is too spineless to take
           | on the responsibility of running a rail network without going
           | broke. So they will continue to maintain some degree of
           | chicanery to provide for plausible deniability when the
           | trains don't run or the system goes bankrupt.
        
             | andy_ppp wrote:
             | How does Japan do it? Can we try to copy them because it's
             | very good. My 45 minute journey into Tokyo from Chiba was
             | around PS125 per month.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | Piecing together the story from
               | https://pedestrianobservations.com and other places, I
               | would not imitate Japan in this regard.
               | 
               | - Japan's terrain is fairly ideal for rail. Yes,
               | mountains make for more work, put people are also
               | naturally congregated near the coast, in valleys, etc.
               | Additionally, the largest cities with the high population
               | form a linear chain from roughly Nagasaki to Tokyo. That
               | means more network effects per distance of rail (there's
               | no penalty separate than time delay for traveling through
               | other cities first).
               | 
               | - Japan has perhaps the best policy around land use in
               | the developed world. See
               | https://www.sightline.org/2021/03/25/yes-other-countries-
               | do-... for some details. This helps greatly with density
               | and clustering around rail stations.
               | 
               | - The privatization was triggered by the fright around
               | Japan's big deficits after the 80s boom, and perhaps
               | still maintained with some fear of that. That doesn't
               | make it a good idea, of course, but I'm willing to call
               | it more "defensive neoliberalism" than "offensive
               | neoliberalism", but maybe that makes it a little less
               | ideological given that Japan was the poster child for all
               | the neoclassical economic doomsday predictions?
               | 
               | - https://pedestrianobservations.com in particular says
               | the privatization and and general being spooked about
               | more debt holds back some construction on paper, but
               | since the rail is so well established already and
               | operationally profitable, there is less to screw up.
               | 
               | In conclusion, I'd say that because Japan gets everything
               | adjacent to rail policy so absolutely well done, and the
               | rail network was already functioning so way, it continues
               | to succeed not because but despite privatization.
        
               | andy_ppp wrote:
               | 1) I don't believe for one second that Japan has better
               | geography than the UK for rail
               | 
               | 2) we can do much better with planning, however I'm not
               | sure Japanese planning is the answer, when I lived there
               | I thought most of the accommodation was horrendous.
               | Europeans wouldn't accept it.
               | 
               | 3) is JR Rail etc. private? It seemed too cheap!
               | 
               | 4) how is rail profitable in Japan, but not profitable in
               | the UK. It's cheaper there and far far better!
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | I am no expert in the slightest (I would check the things
               | I linked), I'll try to answer
               | 
               | 1) Mountains actually helping is my own pet theory, I
               | should disclaim. Japan does seem to have wild swings in
               | density, while England seems to have people/towns strewn
               | about everywhere and London feels kinda sprawly at
               | certain scales. That said UK obviously has cities /
               | regional clustering at the scale of HSR.
               | 
               | Someone should do a proper (fourier?) analysis of sprawl
               | at different different scales and how that effects rail
               | at different scales and until then my theory is just idle
               | speculation, and in any event I don't think Britain can
               | or should blame it's geography when other flat parts of
               | Europe do better, and the Anglosphere clearly sucks at
               | rail on the whole.
               | 
               | 2) So Europe is kinda of anti-modern avoiding dense
               | downtowns / CBDs, America is downright evil with it's
               | single family homes, but weirdly still has tall towers
               | people curse driving too. East Asia is largely "correct"
               | in having dense workplaces and living places, which you
               | want if your goal is both less car trips and classic max
               | GDP growth.
               | 
               | I don't think the UK should be like Japan in al respects,
               | but London is emphatically way to evenly low-rise,
               | housing is not cheap enough I hear, and all those rich
               | people LARPing landed gentry commuting 3 hours from their
               | quaint South England rural hamlet is a sure sign
               | something weird's afoot.
               | 
               | If they get rid of the green belt because no one wants to
               | build taller, I will be sad.
               | 
               | 3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Railways_Group the
               | story is maybe more muddled than I thought, or maybe
               | that's just the terminology for historical reasons.
               | 
               | 4) Well, that I think goes back to the unique economics
               | of rail. I think good rail becomes profitable, but
               | profitable bad rail doesn't become good or isn't even
               | possible!
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | 4) Japanese railways get about 50% of their income from
               | ticket sales, the rest comes from owning the high value
               | land around the stations (renting, grocery stores, hotels
               | and whatnot).
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | twic wrote:
           | > It's not as if you can set up competing parallel networks
           | running trains side by side between identical destinations at
           | varying levels of speed and comfort.
           | 
           | To an extent, this does exist on _some_ routes. Both LNER and
           | Grand Central operate trains up the East Coast Main Line, for
           | example. Then there are destinations served by multiple
           | routes, like Cambridge, Oxford, and Bedford, where each route
           | has its own operator.
           | 
           | Competition is impractical for most journeys, though.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | The undiscussed upside of this "privatisation pantomime" is
         | that government's are committed to making it work. That means
         | it gets investments and bailouts. Compare that to publicly
         | owned services who get nothing.
         | 
         | The real question here isn't who owns X, it's will the
         | government invest in X...
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | It's a classic tactic: underfund government services, then
           | point to how they don't work as a pretext to privatise.
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | This is happening to the NHS right now.
             | 
             | 128k deaths thanks to an overloaded, underfunded system and
             | Boris Johnson's own nurse rage-quits and the conservatives
             | are still gaining electoral ground. It's bizarre.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | 110% correct. Just in the last 6 months we've seen all the
             | rail companies (supposedly private) bailed out. TfL, the
             | only real public provider was told to cover its bills
             | itself and eventually accepted a loan on userous terms...
        
         | apercu wrote:
         | > Even as a free market conservative
         | 
         | Interesting that even on hacker news some feel we lead with our
         | political views. lol.
        
           | Pfhreak wrote:
           | Celebrating nationalisation is a political view, and I think
           | the parent poster wanted to use this as an opportunity to
           | extend an olive branch/empathize with others who hold
           | differing views.
        
       | beck5 wrote:
       | Most will sympathise with public run railways (rightly or
       | wrongly) so it is worth highlighting some positives from private
       | companies running of the railways.
       | 
       | The private companies have pushed for a very large increase in
       | the number of operating trains, with around a 50% increase in the
       | past couple of decades, they are trying to squeeze every drop
       | possible out if the tracks.
       | 
       | The train companies are also often making a loss on these routes,
       | commonly subsidised by foreign Europeans governments looking to
       | expand their rail business, Dutch or Italian tax payers should be
       | annoyed at how their taxes are being wasted.
       | 
       | Profits are also capped so these are not potential cash cows
       | people suspect. British tickets are expensive because the
       | government doesn't subsidise the ticket price, which is a
       | separate debate.
       | 
       | The Public Vs private debate will continue until the end of time,
       | the truth is there are benefits to both systems.
       | 
       | Disclaimer, my wife is senior in a rail franchise, as well as
       | being left leaning, fwiw.
        
         | modo_mario wrote:
         | >The train companies are also often making a loss on these
         | routes, commonly subsidised by foreign Europeans governments
         | looking to expand their rail business, Dutch or Italian tax
         | payers should be annoyed at how their taxes are being wasted.
         | 
         | Last i checked one or 2 examples they ran a profit. Surely they
         | can run a loss/be funded initially but if you get that money
         | back out it's not really what you describe it as no?
        
         | reedf1 wrote:
         | > Profits are also capped so these are not potential cash cows
         | people suspect. British tickets are expensive because the
         | government doesn't subsidise the ticket price, which is a
         | separate debate.
         | 
         | The system is capped and collared meaning their profits are
         | guaranteed by the government as well as limited. This system
         | incentivised them to underperform on their contract, buy
         | assets, claim losses. When the franchise completes they
         | liquidise and pay out big bucks to shareholders. They very much
         | are the cash cows that people think they are.
        
           | breakfastduck wrote:
           | Yes, the comment you've replied to is spouting a pretty
           | important mis-truth by trying to make out they aren't
           | profitable for the franchisee.
        
           | beck5 wrote:
           | Some of the franchises did make decent profits,
           | westcost/virgin etc. This generally happens at the end of the
           | franchise once most of the up front investment happened. A
           | lot of other franchises make a loss so it isn't quite so
           | black and white.
           | 
           | With the previous model a lot of the risk was on the private
           | company, if times were good profits were there, in bad times
           | they made losses. Now with the new model the risk has gone
           | over to the UK government, for better or worse.
           | 
           | The new setup should guarantee a low level of profitability
           | for private companies, with a theoretical lower max, what
           | will be interesting is to see how many companies actually
           | bid.
           | 
           | The private companies actually own very little when running a
           | franchise, most things are leased, such as rolling stock
           | which is largely owned by German funds if memory serves.
           | Investments into stations/parking/ticketing etc is left in
           | place for the next person to take the keys.
        
         | drawfloat wrote:
         | Appreciate that, but vast swathes of the North and rural areas
         | will never be profitable. As a result, entire areas of the
         | country have rolling stock that was supposed to be dropped in
         | the 80s, a couple of services a day, or aren't even
         | electrified.
         | 
         | The one that always stands out to me is the fact that the last
         | train from Liverpool to Sheffield (two major cities) is at
         | 9:30pm because it wasn't profitable to continue services after
         | that time. As a result, flight delays from Liverpool Airport
         | (again, a major airport) can leave you stranded in that city -
         | or facing an eye watering taxi bill.
        
           | beck5 wrote:
           | I completely agree, Northern trains are a disgrace.
           | 
           | I don't think it was a failure of private companies though,
           | rather Network Rail failing to deliver. The government has
           | speced electrification for decades like you say. The cost of
           | eletricifcation has gone through the roof, mainly due to
           | health and safety (good thing). We have also lost a lot of
           | expertise in electrification, much like how we lost the skill
           | to tunnel.
        
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