[HN Gopher] From apes to birds, animal species that "laugh"
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       From apes to birds, animal species that "laugh"
        
       Author : Engineering-MD
       Score  : 104 points
       Date   : 2021-05-18 12:11 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | danielam wrote:
       | I take the quotes around "laugh" to indicate that the word is
       | being used analogously.
       | 
       | Laughter can be caused by the comprehension of an absurdity, a
       | frustrated intention or by something that violates a norm. I
       | would not readily ascribe this sort of comprehension to the
       | aforementioned animals and would be careful not to
       | anthropomorphize other species, as tempting as it might be.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Exactly, the original article linked at the bottom makes it
         | clear that ars is full of bs and these animals are just
         | indicating playfulness, like one kitten playing with another,
         | not amusement or (as you better put it) comprehension of the
         | absurdity of a situation.
        
           | pharrington wrote:
           | Why would you think a self aware, fuzzy stealth killing
           | machine has no concept of absurdity?
        
             | danielam wrote:
             | Concept implies abstraction and the mark of abstract
             | thought is language.
             | 
             | Karl Popper's four functions of language might help here.
             | Language has an expressive function, a signaling function,
             | a descriptive function and an argumentative function. No
             | other animal besides Man shows any sign of the anything but
             | the first two, but it's the second two that require
             | abstract concepts. These animals may very well possess
             | imagination, but imagination is essentially concrete. You
             | don't imagine Triangularity, but rather specific triangles
             | (though in human beings, by virtue of having an intellect,
             | the image of a triangle is "accompanied by" the concept of
             | Triangularity).
        
         | nkoren wrote:
         | Swimming by myself in the Sea of Cortez, I was surrounded by a
         | pod of bottlenose dolphins. After observing me for a while,
         | they suddenly started laughing, did a few flips and other
         | acrobatic displays, and then swam away.
         | 
         | I was left in no doubt -- none whatsoever -- that they were
         | laughing at the absurdity of what I evidently considered
         | "swimming".
         | 
         | Maybe I'm anthropomorphizing them... but I'm pretty sure they
         | were dolphopomorphizing me first, and it was cracking them up.
         | 
         | Anyhow, those dolphins were a bunch of punks.
        
       | meristohm wrote:
       | I'm guessing more cetaceans will get on this list as we learn
       | more about them. They might have a very dark humor after all the
       | generational trauma we've added to their existence.
       | 
       | For more, ethologist (animal-behaviorist) Frans de Waal writes
       | engaging books (primates), as does Patricia McConnell (dogs),
       | Jennifer Ackerman (birds), and Bernd Heinrich (insects, birds),
       | amongst many others. Any you suggest?
        
       | ecmascript wrote:
       | My dog smiles when he is happy by showing his teeth. It is cute
       | to me but some people think that he is angry because they
       | apparently can't read his excitement.
       | 
       | I just think it is really fun to see every time he smiles and he
       | does it pretty much daily, often when it's time for a walk or a
       | run.
        
       | smusamashah wrote:
       | On the other hand, how much do we know about "crying" in animals?
        
       | redconfetti wrote:
       | All the other animals just take things way too seriously
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | Maybe they just heard that one before.
        
       | azemetre wrote:
       | I use to feed the crows at my parents house in FL. One evening I
       | toss some seeds and a crow tried to dive and pick up but crashed
       | and tumbled. The other crows on the fence started squawking very
       | loud and a few of them even mimicked the movement by fake
       | crashing in the same spot. This continued for a good few minutes.
       | 
       | Must have been the funniest thing they ever saw.
        
         | hetspookjee wrote:
         | This short story is so easy to visualize as some short cartoon.
         | Great story, thanks for sharing.
        
         | bloak wrote:
         | FL is Florida, so Corvus brachyrhynchos? Someone should do a
         | scientific study of the sense of humour of different Corvus
         | species. It might be worth an Ig Nobel Prize.
        
       | bluedays wrote:
       | That's 65 species that we know of, so far.
        
       | lovemenot wrote:
       | >> To reach this number ... searched ... for any mention of
       | animals making noises during play sessions
       | 
       | Too arbitrary to search only for audible laughter. As though
       | laughter were inconceivable amongst say humans without the
       | capacity for vocalisation.
       | 
       | I would characterise laughter as a patterned break in any
       | measurable intra-species communication channel. Immediately
       | followed by reestablished communication at lowered tension.
       | Laughter has to be cathartic.
       | 
       | Not easy to get enough big data, and labelling those patterns
       | would be problematic. Yet it could be feasible. I imagine that
       | we'd eventually be remarking upon species that lacked laughter as
       | being exceptional.
       | 
       | Such an approach might help address long-term failures such as
       | dolphin NLP. Rather than aiming to solve an entire species,
       | instead aim to solve common communication patterns across many
       | species.
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Number one question when reading this headline: which animals are
       | in the list? Number two question: what does a laughing bird even
       | look like? What do they laugh at? You want to see it, of course.
       | There's none of that, bit of a disappointing article.
       | 
       | On the bright side, the article this article is about seems to
       | contain at least the list of animals, see table 1:
       | https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/05/from-apes-to-birds-t...
       | 
       | This table of 65 animals is "play vocalizations", though, and
       | includes animals like domestic cats and dogs. I've never seen a
       | cat laugh at a situation, in real life or on the Internet, so it
       | seems this arstecchnica article about "laughing animals" should
       | be taken with a few grains of salt and is really more about
       | playing and making a noise to indicate that they're playing (and
       | shouldn't feel attacked) to their playmates.
       | 
       | I do like that humans are categorized with the great apes.
        
         | cs2818 wrote:
         | Not an example from the wild, but our parrot (a caique) likes
         | to laugh when he accomplishes a goal or encounters an
         | unexpected challenge. I'm sure a lot of his use of laughter
         | stems from living with humans though.
        
           | sroussey wrote:
           | I have a caique that has a dark sense of humor. He laughs
           | when he hears a put down or when something bad happens. His
           | timing is hilarious.
        
         | underwater wrote:
         | We have a cat they we allow outside sometimes. She doesn't have
         | a sense of humour, but the local birds certainly act
         | differently when she's outside. They sit just out of reach and
         | squawk loudly at her. It doesn't seem to be a fear response. It
         | could be a defensive mechanism of actively and continually
         | watching the potential threat. But in my mind they're taunting
         | and laughing at her.
        
           | monkeybutton wrote:
           | There are bird species that use alarm calls to alert the
           | presence of predators [1,2], some (including blue jays,
           | another corvidae) even exhibit mobbing behaviour and will
           | gang up (cooperating with other species!) to attack the
           | predator [3].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bl.uk/the-language-of-birds/articles/alarm-
           | and-m...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/nuthat
           | che...
           | 
           | [3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobbing_(animal_behavior)
        
         | jb775 wrote:
         | Here's the url for the list:
         | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/figure/10.1080/09524622.2021...
        
         | abruzzi wrote:
         | My pet parrot definitly laughs. It sounds like a staccato
         | clucking sound. He usually does it when he's lying on my belly
         | playing with me. He lays on his back, both feet grabbing my
         | finger (or fingers) and play-biting my finger with his beak.
         | I've gotten to where I can do a pretty good imitation which I
         | do when he's clearly playing. (he does sometimes get too
         | agressive in his play, and I usually stop clucking when he
         | pushes too far, but I doubt that registers with him.)
         | 
         | EDIT: Just for completeness, he's a Mitered Conure. Conure's
         | are probably the most gregarious parrots I've encountered.
        
         | isoskeles wrote:
         | Linking the image / table referenced:
         | https://www.tandfonline.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/t...
        
       | mojomark wrote:
       | >>>laughter usually communicates something along the lines of
       | "this is playtime--I'm not actually going for your throat."
       | 
       | Sometimes, when hosting a meeting, I find myself laughing through
       | a sentance when there's really nothing funny at all. I wonder to
       | myself "what the hell was that?".
       | 
       | According to this article, it's probably my subconscious/instinct
       | trying to put the audiance at ease or make the subject matter
       | more "playful" than dry business and communicate that "it's OK to
       | communicate freely - you're not going to be reprimanded".
       | 
       | However, that can also have reverse consequences when people
       | subconsciously over-react and interpret that laugh that you think
       | the subject work is a game and not serious, or that your role is
       | a bit of a joke and they don't have to take you seriously. I will
       | definitely keep this in mind going forward and try to control
       | that awkward trait.
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | Some people, like my wife, will laugh a bit too often in formal
         | communication, over banal things. If one didn't know better it
         | would sound nervous. But I chalk this up to culture and
         | upbringing. Apparently it's far less common in Germany to laugh
         | after saying things, let alone your own jokes.
         | 
         | It's as you say, some people work hard to ensure everyone else
         | feels at ease.
        
         | mankyd wrote:
         | Coming from the opposite direction, there is a theory of humor
         | that basically says that what humans find funny are things that
         | are not usually ok made ok.
         | 
         | This is also known and the "benign-violation theory"[1]. Things
         | are funny when they should offend or violate (even at some
         | simplistic level) but don't. Someone slips and falls? It can be
         | funny as long as we judge them to be mostly unharmed.
         | 
         | Back into your context, and to reinforce what you said: it's
         | possible you're instinctively trying to communicate that, as
         | dry as the communication is, you're trying to add levity to the
         | subject matter.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/03/funny-h...
        
           | spockz wrote:
           | Back at school we learned that the kind of laughter we do
           | because someone slips and falls is because we are happy they
           | are okay (stress relieve) and happy that it wasn't us. No
           | idea about an official source but it stuck with me ever
           | since.
        
           | throwaway292893 wrote:
           | Yes, humor and laughter is a coping mechanism.
        
         | ilamont wrote:
         | I've noticed in some cultures people break out into a giant
         | grin when they are nervous or broaching a topic that makes them
         | anxious. When I first encountered during a mild argument about
         | something, I went from mild irritation to offended and demanded
         | why the other person thought it was funny.
        
           | bigyikes wrote:
           | I definitely do this, but I had no idea that it makes people
           | uncomfortable. Am from Texas.
           | 
           | I'm trying to rationalize this now... I guess I think of it
           | as tension defusing? Definitely going to be more cognizant of
           | this.
        
       | Rochus wrote:
       | When they come across humans, they usually have nothing to laugh
       | about anymore.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Just curious, does GPT-3 laugh? Can it write "lol" or an
       | equivalent when it would be appropriate in a conversation?
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | It is just exporting text based on a learned pattern, so if the
         | training text guffaws, it will chortle in a similar way.
        
       | kqr wrote:
       | > laughter usually communicates something along the lines of
       | "this is playtime--I'm not actually going for your throat."
       | 
       | This is one of those things I read just before I had my first
       | child, and I'm very glad I did. It made communicating with him
       | easier -- him, obviously, not knowing English yet.
        
         | mettamage wrote:
         | Awesome little tidbit of advice, will come in handy in the
         | future. Thanks :)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | slver wrote:
         | Unfortunately that explanation is too simplistic. You laugh
         | while you mock someone and they're disturbed by that. We also
         | have many cases of gangs beating up random people while
         | laughing.
         | 
         | We have phrases like "laughing at you" where the default
         | assumption is negative, not positive.
         | 
         | If laughter communicates "I wanna play", then laughing while
         | someone is afraid, or sad, or disturbed actually communicates
         | something very sinister: "I wanna play, and you're my toy".
         | 
         | I suspect this angle is why in horror movies seeing playing
         | children in odd contexts, or creepy dolls, or phrases like
         | "wanna play a game" in Saw and so on is so effective. There's
         | nothing more dehumanizing than realizing you're a plaything in
         | the hands of a higher power that has zero regard for you as a
         | life.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | I would say it depends on the laughter.
           | 
           | Playful laughter indeed means "not going at someones throat"
           | 
           | (unless very psychopathic behavior)
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | thrwaeasddsaf wrote:
       | hehehehe
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Gx_jRfB-Ao
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txGd0CxCPq0
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQVhppRP4Wo
        
       | philliphaydon wrote:
       | I was at an open zoo in south Thailand about 8 years ago and they
       | had an open field with elephants and zebras roaming together.
       | 
       | A zebra walked past the elephant and the elephant whacked the
       | zebra on the butt with his trunk. The zebra got a fight and
       | jumped and ran off, which prompted the elephant to throw his
       | trunk in air, throw his head back, and make a noise.
       | 
       | I've always thought that was the elephant laughing at scaring the
       | zebra.
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | Was it laughter or a dominance signal?
         | 
         | I have seen videos on YouTube where a bull elephant will toss
         | or trample an elephant calf and throw their trunk in the air
         | with the head back and make a noise.
        
           | TooCleverByHalf wrote:
           | We may never know...
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "Was it laughter or a dominance signal?"
           | 
           | I would argue, laughter can be a dominance signal. The
           | stronger laughs at the weaker one.
        
       | vips7L wrote:
       | My green cheek conure laughs at me all the time. Especially when
       | he knows he's being bad.
        
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