[HN Gopher] Recovering "lost" treasure-filled floppy discs with ...
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       Recovering "lost" treasure-filled floppy discs with an oscilloscope
        
       Author : scarybeast
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2021-05-17 19:38 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (scarybeastsecurity.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (scarybeastsecurity.blogspot.com)
        
       | metalliqaz wrote:
       | Fascinating and incredible work.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I'd be interested to see the results of mounting a much smaller
       | head (eg. a hard drive head) to the floppy drive, and then
       | creating a full 2D image of the disk surface magnetics.
       | 
       | That should be able to read disks where the disk surface has
       | stretched or warped, and the tracks are no longer perfectly
       | circular.
       | 
       | I think there's also a reasonable chance such a method could also
       | be used to recover data on a disc that has been overwritten.
        
         | NegativeLatency wrote:
         | Related to that there are many different copy protection
         | schemes and other formats for writing the data that don't
         | result in circular tracks. Lots of old computers addressed the
         | drive at such a low level that it was possible to directly
         | control the head between tracks, and control the rotational
         | speed of the disk.
         | 
         | For example there's this project that reads stranger formats
         | http://cowlark.com/fluxengine/
        
       | chungy wrote:
       | Just a little nitpicking note: the spelling of disc versus disk.
       | Per dictionary definition, it's two spellings of the same word.
       | Per convention, "disk" is usually used with magnetic media (like
       | floppies) while "disc" is usually used with optical media
       | (CDs/DVDs/Blu-ray).
       | 
       | It took me as just a little odd to see "floppy disc" even if it's
       | technically correct.
        
         | scarybeast wrote:
         | The blog post uses conventions associated with the machine in
         | question, the BBC Micro, which is an iconic 1980s UK machine.
         | It was pretty much "Disc" back then, e.g. the dreaded "Disc
         | error 0E" from the OS, or the spelling written on the discs
         | themselves, e.g. this Watford Electronics Diagnostics disc:
         | 
         | http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/21293/Diagnostics-Dis...
         | 
         | Not sure if it's a UK thing or a 1980s thing.
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | It's a en-GB vs en-US thing, that warrants its own Wikipedia
           | article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_of_disc
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | > Early BBC technicians differentiated between disks (in-
             | house transcription records) and discs (the colloquial term
             | for commercial gramophone records, or what the BBC dubbed
             | CGRs).
             | 
             | I love that.
             | 
             | In my own usage I've always made the magnetic distinction
             | without really knowing why. At least now I can identify the
             | bounds as 'magnetism'..!
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | Fading memories of playing c64 games from both sides of the
           | pond suggest that "disk" was the US spelling and "disc" was
           | the UK.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | I (American) agree with chungy; there is a strong
             | convention that specifies floppy disks and compact discs.
             | We could say that "disk" is the American spelling _of
             | "floppy disk"_, but not that it is the American spelling of
             | disc.
             | 
             | I suspect that "disk" is used because it is shortened from
             | "diskette", which wouldn't work at all if spelled
             | "discette".
        
               | egypturnash wrote:
               | From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_of_disc:
               | 
               | By the 20th century, the "k" spelling was more popular in
               | the United States, while the "c" variant was preferred in
               | the UK. Consequently, in computer terminology today it is
               | common for the "k" word to refer mainly to magnetic
               | storage devices (particularly in British English, where
               | the term disk is sometimes regarded as a contraction of
               | diskette, a much later word and actually a diminutive of
               | disk).
               | 
               | So _in the mid eighties_ there was a distinct color
               | /colour kind of split between disk/disc in the US/UK. And
               | someone immersed in the world of restoring data from
               | magnetic storage for a distinctly UK computer of the
               | eighties? Eminently sensible for them to use the UK term,
               | when everything on the computer is going to be saying
               | "INSERT DISC 2".
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | There are also some notes in that page on how
               | Phillips/Sony's choice of "disc" for the CD has ended up
               | with that being the common choice for optical media vs
               | magnetic; back in the eighties this convention was not
               | yet established. And then there are also sections for
               | disc/disk in medical literature, and in disc-throwing
               | games. English spelling is weird.
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | Disk is (or can be) short for diskette - which means a dis _c_
         | in a protective sheath.
         | 
         | Meanwhile a "disc" is any flat circular object.
         | 
         | So floppy disk, hard disk, but compact dis _c_ , is correct.
         | 
         | The only medium I know of that doesn't obey this rule is the
         | Sony MiniDisc. MDs are definitely diskettes, and so should in
         | theory be spelled MiniDisk. But presumably that's for trademark
         | reasons.
        
         | colanderman wrote:
         | I had to Wikipedia what term is used for magneto-optical media.
         | As much as I'd love it to be "disck", alas "disc" (as in
         | "MiniDisc") seems correct in that case.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > As much as I'd love it to be "disck"
           | 
           | You reminded me of the https://kol.coldfront.net/thekolwiki/i
           | ndex.php/Boock_of_darc... :D
        
         | ChrisArchitect wrote:
         | yeah geez, immediate reaction. Well established just search
         | around that 'disk' became standard. It's weird when someone
         | writes a modern piece like this and like, the whole time they
         | never noticed it's spelt disk everywhere??! It's another one of
         | those things where you ask yourself "what internet do these ppl
         | surf?!"
        
       | colanderman wrote:
       | Oh wow, I did not realize that floppy discs used the same exact
       | encoding that was used on tape drives of the era, e.g. the
       | TI-99/4A [1]. The wave file in the article is the exact same
       | sound I'd listen to as a child, loading programs from cassettes.
       | 
       | Total coincidence -- I recently have been recovering games from
       | my old TI-99/4A cassettes, also using an oscilloscope (the same
       | model in fact; for no particularly good reason beyond it was the
       | most convenient way to record off the only tape player I still
       | own), Audacity, and two open-source tools to recover such data
       | [2] and [3].
       | 
       | [1] http://www.unige.ch/medecine/nouspikel/ti99/cassette.htm
       | 
       | [2] https://github.com/dimhoff/ti99_4a_tape_decode
       | 
       | [3] http://www.mrousseau.org/programs/ti99sim/
        
         | scarybeast wrote:
         | Great that you're working on something similar! How are you
         | finding those tools for handling degraded tape waveforms? I
         | keep bouncing back and forth between hacking up my own vs.
         | wanting to find some existing tool that has some clever math
         | formula.
        
           | colanderman wrote:
           | Both those I linked seem to work fine, though the tapes I'm
           | recovering from are mostly in good condition. The Python one
           | is a bit more robust than the one included with ti99sim, but
           | much much slower and picky about DC offset.
           | 
           | (Note that both of these also decode the TI's frame format;
           | but it should be easy to pull out the core waveform decoder
           | of either.)
        
       | shon wrote:
       | Super cool work! Those bits are worth working to recover! Unlike
       | the bits about disk/disc ;)
        
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       (page generated 2021-05-17 23:00 UTC)