[HN Gopher] A police dog who cried drugs at every traffic stop
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A police dog who cried drugs at every traffic stop
        
       Author : pessimizer
       Score  : 117 points
       Date   : 2021-05-17 18:23 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (reason.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (reason.com)
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | Smell should not be used as probable cause. You cannot take a
       | picture or document smell.
        
         | iso8859-1 wrote:
         | Why not? You can jam electrodes into the dog skull and log its
         | brain state.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | You can literally "take a picture of a smell" with a mass
         | spectrometer. But that's expensive kit that needs training to
         | use and experts to maintain. Justice isn't worth as much as a
         | year in prison costs, apparently
        
       | smt88 wrote:
       | Another anecdote: a friend of mine had weed in his locker in high
       | school, and a random search by drug dogs didn't find it. The
       | locker was vented, so it wasn't an airflow issue.
       | 
       | A huge proportion of popular forensic techniques are BS,
       | including "psychological profiling" that has been glorified on
       | many TV shows.
        
       | waymon wrote:
       | Any positives from the "war on drugs?"
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | Much less drug use ... oh wait, never mind. A lot more people
         | employed as police, court employees and prison guards?
        
       | emj wrote:
       | Letting the Police take the money from Civil Forfeit is bonkers,
       | John Oliver has an entertaining take on it:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kEpZWGgJks
        
       | michaelmrose wrote:
       | It was only briefly touched on but this is the candidate for
       | Governor of Washington State who lost by over half a million
       | votes in an election with fewer than 5 million votes. This is to
       | say he lost by a city not a country mile because he was very
       | popular in Eastern WA where around 25% of the population lives
       | but a dud elsewhere.
       | 
       | This is pretty much par for the course in a state divided by both
       | a mountain range and political ideology but what was unusual is
       | that along with Trump Culp promoted the big lie that Trump had
       | only lost the election because of rampant cheating and rolled
       | Washington State into this perverse narrative with a side order
       | of immigrant hate by making them the villains that stole WA from
       | both Trump and Culp.
       | 
       | According to Culp he and Trump were the proper inheritors of
       | power in Washington and the nation. He even promised to uncover
       | and reverse the fraud through lawsuits although he lacked the
       | money to go through the show of reclaiming his "rightful place"
       | via lawsuit he still fund raised off it as if he was going to and
       | his fan club crowed about how great it would be when our actual
       | governor was perp walked to depending on whom you asked prison or
       | execution for treason.
       | 
       | He is a disease right up their with the eastern Washington
       | congressman Matt Shea whom we somehow just recently got rid of
       | who published a paper on the biblical basis for war wherein it
       | discussed the creation of an ISIS like biblical state following
       | the fall of America in which wrong thinking women would be
       | subjugated and wrong thinking men would simply be murdered.
       | 
       | From Matt Sheas writing
       | 
       | Under one heading, "Rules of War," it makes a chilling
       | prescription for enemies who flout "biblical law." It states, "If
       | they do not yield - kill all males."
       | 
       | https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/oct/26/rep-matt-shea-...
       | 
       | Even in our relatively liberal states the right is breeding
       | ideologues, traitors, and terrorists who make real and solid the
       | claims and fears that proponents of the red scare imagined. It
       | turns out their fan fiction was written while looking into a
       | mirror.
        
         | waiseristy wrote:
         | It is very typical of Western WA residents to blame the East
         | side for voting red. King, Pierce, and Snohomish had more votes
         | for Culp than the entire east side of the state combined. The
         | Cascades are a mountain range, not some magical political wall
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | Looking at the exact numbers 21% of people in Washington live
           | in Eastern Washington whereas those 3 counties you listed
           | house 52% of the state.
           | 
           | It makes sense that even if you had less Culp voters
           | proportionally if you look at over half the state you will
           | find more people in absolute numbers. Your cherry picked
           | absolute numbers are less functional than looking at
           | proportions.
           | 
           | Lets go to the map!
           | 
           | https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/washington/
           | 
           | 2020 Election Results By County:
           | 
           | King: Biden 75.4% Trump: 22.4%
           | 
           | Pierce: Biden 54.2% Trump: 42.9%
           | 
           | Snohomish: Biden 58.9% Trump 38.2%
           | 
           | Eastern WA
           | 
           | Stevens: Biden 27.7% Trump 70%
           | 
           | Douglas: Biden 36.9% Trump 61.2%
           | 
           | Spokane: Biden 46.3% Trump 50.7%
           | 
           | Through most of Eastern WA Trump got 60-70% of the vote in a
           | state where overall he got 39% of the vote. The division is
           | extremely clear.
           | 
           | In case its not lets look at Culps race.
           | 
           | https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/washington/go.
           | ..
           | 
           | King: Inslee 74.3% Culp 25.7%
           | 
           | Spokane: Inslee 45% Culp 55%
           | 
           | Stevens: Inslee 26.1% Culp 73.9
           | 
           | If Eastern WA was its own state it would be as Red as
           | Tennessee. If Western WA was its own state it would be bluer
           | than California.
        
             | waiseristy wrote:
             | There is no doubt that there is a divide in voting
             | proportionality between Eastern and Western WA.
             | 
             | > This is to say he lost by a city not a country mile
             | because he was very popular in Eastern WA where around 25%
             | of the population lives but a dud elsewhere.
             | 
             | He very much did not lose by a city vs a country mile
             | because of 21% of the vote that went 65-35. The race was
             | close-ish because 1.2 million Western WA residents voted
             | for him
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | We already have technology that can do this job:
       | https://keprtv.com/news/local/new-technology-can-sniff-out-d...
       | 
       | Hopefully it's just a matter of time before we can replace owner-
       | pleasing dogs with something that won't give a false positive in
       | order to get a pat on the head and a treat.
        
         | Forbo wrote:
         | That's assuming they keep up on any necessary calibration and
         | maintenance, as well as proper training. Just seems like
         | another potential avenue for abuse and/or false positives.
        
           | wahern wrote:
           | Calibration and maintenance of electronic devices is much
           | more transparent. Defense attorneys successfully challenge
           | breathalyzers and similar instruments all the time.
           | 
           | One reason dogs are unlikely to be replaced by a device is
           | precisely because 1) dogs are opaque instruments not readily
           | susceptible to critical analysis, and 2) have long been given
           | the benefit of a doubt--much like cops' famed mind-reading
           | faculties. From the perspective of the police, it's a don't
           | break what isn't broken situation.
        
       | cwkoss wrote:
       | I feel like police forensic techniques are still stuck in the
       | dark ages. I'd imagine there are similar issues with disregarding
       | chance of false positives to make convictions easily in:
       | 
       | - drug analysis
       | 
       | - DNA segment matching
       | 
       | - digital forensics
       | 
       | - lineup identifications
       | 
       | - police sketches
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | They haven't needed to advance that much. Shows like Forensic
         | Files, COPS and so forth have convinced most people that the
         | police are far more effective than they really are. Most people
         | have no idea that the majority of crimes, including violent
         | ones, go unsolved. (although this shouldn't be surprising to
         | anyone who's actually been a victim of a crime)
         | 
         | This isn't to say that policing in its current form isn't
         | effective at all, but the media (whether intentionally or not)
         | have done an excellent job as the propaganda department for the
         | police.
         | 
         | Why improve when everyone believes you're superman?
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | that is sorta a myth. they often get solved but it may take a
           | long time. Murder cases for example are never declared
           | unsolved unless a suspect is charged or the presumed
           | perpetrator is dead due to age or other reasons.
        
             | ravenstine wrote:
             | I presume you meant that they are never declared _solved_
             | [unless...]? It seems pretty farfetched to say that murder
             | cases are considered solved by default even when a
             | reasonable person would consider them to be unsolved.
        
           | mindcrime wrote:
           | _Shows like Forensic Files, COPS and so forth have convinced
           | most people that the police are far more effective than they
           | really are._
           | 
           |  _but the media (whether intentionally or not) have done an
           | excellent job as the propaganda department for the police._
           | 
           | Personally I say "no way is this anything but intentional".
           | There's way too much pro-cop, pro-military-industrial-
           | complex, pro-sook-agency crap on TV for it to be just
           | accidental. Propaganda is exactly what it is.
        
             | mindcrime wrote:
             | s/pro-sook-agency/pro-spook-agency/
        
             | bigyikes wrote:
             | Or, apply Occam's razor. People like watching cop and
             | detective shows.
        
             | ravenstine wrote:
             | Depends on what you mean by intentional.
             | 
             | I don't think it's an organized effort merely to promote
             | law enforcement from a political standpoint.
             | 
             | Rather, I think such shows are made because they sell well
             | to two crowds: the pro law enforcement crowd and those with
             | a curiosity for true crime.
        
             | handoflixue wrote:
             | Simple incentives seem to explain that one without needing
             | much of a conspiracy:
             | 
             | If you're buddy-buddy with the cops, they'll help promote
             | you, talk to you about cool cases they worked, etc.. If
             | you're instead critical of the cops, they're going to try
             | and undermine you instead.
             | 
             | This means that doing a cop show that's anti-cop would be
             | like doing a medical show without ever being able to
             | consult a doctor. You can do it, but you're going to have
             | to put a lot more work into research to get the same sense
             | of verisimilitude.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | DNA matching is shockingly precise, it absolutely should be the
         | gold standard for evidence.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, there have been multiple cases where it turns
         | out the forensic analysis simply wasn't performed, the
         | technician just put whatever the prosecutor wanted to see on
         | the form.
         | 
         | Easy way around this is double-blinding the evidence. The fact
         | that this isn't done should make DNA evidence inadmissible in
         | court until the relevant authorities clean up their act.
        
         | leephillips wrote:
         | Some of these are well known. Also, fingerprints. And look up
         | the Prosecutor's Fallacy. In many cases, the forensic evidence
         | is just theater, and the cops/prosecutors know it is
         | meaningless. But juries and judges buy it.
        
           | swiley wrote:
           | The heavy use of fingerprints by cops and immigration bureaus
           | feels extremely barbaric once you read a bit about them.
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | It's really terrible that these are so clearly broken, and yet
         | they are still used. It's a whole field jerking itself around.
         | It reminds me of the phrase, "Something needs to be done. This
         | is something, therefore this needs to be done."
         | 
         | It's remarkable that pseudoscience is a big part of how we
         | (don't) protect our rights.
         | 
         | To rant for a second, it seems like a case of what I encounter
         | at work too often as a data scientist. It drives me nuts.
         | There's some statistical fallacy where lay people infer one
         | thing, while the logical inference is something else for some
         | subtle reason, and they respond to the critique with, 'well,
         | yeah but we don't need a super rigorous answer here,' or
         | something along those lines. As if a wrong answer is more
         | correct when you 'don't need rigor.'
         | 
         | I think we're in that boat because people so easily mistake
         | approximate correctness in the sense of 'this answer is very
         | nearly the right answer' with approximate correctness in the
         | sense of 'this reasoning is very close to the right reasoning.'
         | The two are interchangeable often enough to create the bad
         | habit, like if you discard an assumption that is very probably
         | true enough, or discard a term that is small. But when they
         | aren't interchangeable, they're really really not
         | interchangeable.
         | 
         | (We're also in that boat because enough people cry wolf about
         | rigor in the other direction, like complaining about discarding
         | an error term that really is small enough to safely/rigorously
         | discard)
        
       | pwdisswordfish8 wrote:
       | Highlighting this part, which might otherwise go unnoticed:
       | 
       | > Instead of birthday cake and ice cream, she got jail food and a
       | bill for hygiene supplies
       | 
       | To spell it out, although she wasn't charged in the criminal
       | sense, she _was_ "charged" financially--for the privilege of
       | experiencing false arrest.
       | 
       | There are other states with extremely messed up legal processes,
       | such as those where not only convicted persons receive a bill for
       | their public defender (which at least makes some sense,
       | logically) but states where you are on hook for thousands of
       | dollars _even in the event that you are never tried_ or _you are
       | tried and found not guilty_.
        
         | moshmosh wrote:
         | Some relatives of mine got to experience a fun little hostage
         | situation with, "either you pay [absurd figure] per month for a
         | couple years for drug rehab at a facility we chose, for your
         | adult kid, plus smaller amounts of money for other stuff pretty
         | much indefinitely, or or they rot in prison rather than getting
         | out on probation".
         | 
         | On the one hand, the guy definitely did something bad. On the
         | other hand, gee I wonder how generational cycles of poverty,
         | driving future crime rates, happen. No mystery that the effects
         | of criminality seems to afflict _entire families_ when the
         | justice system is actively contributing to that.
         | 
         | And no, it's not like they only got charged that much because
         | they're flush with cash. I'm pretty sure the courts didn't give
         | a damn whether they could afford it (technically, yes they
         | could, but in anything resembling a financially-responsible
         | sense, god no, not at all, they weren't starting from a great
         | spot and it basically ruined them--the bread-winner will now
         | work until he dies or gets so sick he can't anymore)
        
           | syshum wrote:
           | >>On the one hand, the guy definitely did something bad
           | 
           | if the "bad thing" was voluntarily ingesting a chemical that
           | state has no ethical authority to ban a person from ingesting
           | into their own body then I would urge you to reformulate what
           | you consider a "bad thing"
           | 
           | Drug Abuse can lead to all manner of actual crime (theft,
           | Intoxicated Driving, etc) that has a degree of probability to
           | harm OTHERS, this is where the states power can be ethically
           | applies, when a persons actions can directly physically harm
           | another person against that persons will.
           | 
           | However state power should never be considered ethical when
           | they are attempting to "protect people from themselves" this
           | mentality leads to all kinds of abuse by authority and create
           | the very system that causes the issue you highlight
        
           | plank_time wrote:
           | I don't have much sympathy for people that commit actual
           | crimes. There are too many innocent people being arrested to
           | worry about the guilty ones.
           | 
           | They chose to spend their money to keep their son out of
           | jail. Thats was their choice. That's the consequence of the
           | son committing what appears to be a major crime. Hopefully
           | the son learns from that and he should be working to help
           | repay that debt.
        
             | actually_a_dog wrote:
             | > I don't have much sympathy for people that commit actual
             | crimes.
             | 
             | Even when the "crime" doesn't hurt anybody except the
             | "offender?" GP post strongly implies the charge was some
             | sort of possession charge. Drug addicts do not need to be
             | punished any more than they punish themselves.
        
               | plank_time wrote:
               | GP did not strongly imply it was possession. They said
               | the guy "definitely did something bad". So it sounds like
               | to me it's something more than just simple possession.
               | That's what I'm going with.
        
               | moshmosh wrote:
               | Yeah, it was worse than that, but waaaaaay under
               | something that would get people to say "lock them up and
               | throw away the key!" Also wasn't any kind of hate-related
               | or vulnerable-group-targeting thing, of the kind that
               | would get a person a torrent of death threats on twitter.
               | 
               | 100% the kind of thing someone ought to be punished for
               | (unlike simple possession, certainly). The main thing I
               | find objectionable is that one must pay a flat-fee ransom
               | to an assuredly-connected-to-important-people-and-
               | overcharging commercial entity to get one's children out
               | of jail. There are a few things wrong with that, but
               | fundamentally it sucks that how much money you (or your
               | family) have determines so much about how harsh a
               | punishment is. It can be anywhere from "a little annoying
               | but no lasting harm done to anyone" to "everyone in your
               | immediate family's quality of life is now 10-80% worse,
               | measured over a lifetime", for _exactly_ the same crime.
               | 
               | [EDIT] and on a less personal level, the thing that
               | bothers me about it is that a justice system that intends
               | to reduce crime rates should avoid at all costs being a
               | _driver_ of poverty.
        
               | actually_a_dog wrote:
               | You know, you didn't actually answer the question I
               | asked....
        
               | meowface wrote:
               | I read the GP post as suggesting an actual crime likely
               | occurred. You, I, and many others (especially people who
               | tend to use HN) don't consider drug use an actual crime.
               | Judges sometimes sentence (actual) criminals to drug
               | rehab programs as an alternative to jail for certain
               | things, e.g. if perhaps someone burglarized homes to fund
               | a drug addiction.
               | 
               | I have no idea, though. It would've been better if they
               | gave a little more detail about the nature of the crime.
        
               | actually_a_dog wrote:
               | Sure, that's possible. But, even if it were some sort of
               | _other_ crime that was exacerbated or precipitated by a
               | drug addiction, the fact that the sentence included the
               | option of rehab + probation seriously limits the badness
               | of that crime.
               | 
               | If this were the scenario, and I had to guess, I would
               | say it probably was some sort of property crime. People
               | other than the perpetrator tend not to get seriously
               | (physically) injured in most property crimes, and
               | insurance often covers the damages. In any case, monetary
               | restitution to cover the damage plus rehab. should be a
               | sufficient sentence.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | >"There are too many innocent people being arrested to
             | worry about the guilty ones."
             | 
             | Ow, wow. That's like 17th century thinking right there,
             | when we used to hang people for petty theft, executions
             | were a public holiday, folks thought it would deter crime
             | but it stayed sky high.
             | 
             | Also boiling people alive was a thing, and, most
             | egregiously, we overboiled them.
             | 
             | I am willing to bet that you or someone in your family or
             | friends has broken some law somewhere at some point,
             | possibly without realising. I don't think this line of
             | thinking leads to a good place.
        
               | plank_time wrote:
               | A close family member almost went to jail because they
               | committed theft over $25,000. Had they gone to jail, I
               | think it would have been easily deserved. I wouldn't have
               | had much sympathy for them either, and they are like a
               | sibling to me. If you knowingly commit a crime, why
               | exactly should one deserve sympathy when they did it with
               | full knowledge of the consequences?
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | The idea is not thay noone should ever face consequences,
               | but they must be afforded full protections of due process
               | and be treated fairly.
               | 
               | The antithesis to this would be the police pinning
               | another nearby robbery on your relative just cause he is
               | guity already, or violating his right in some way.
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | When police selectively enforce the laws, a lack of
             | sympathy for the guilty guarantees that systemic
             | discrimination goes unredressed. It's not just that a dog
             | like Karma exists, it's who the police choose to inflict
             | Karma on.
        
               | plank_time wrote:
               | Just because some people are let off doesn't mean they
               | the actually-guilty aren't guilty.
               | 
               | Criminals need to be punished. Period. End of story. What
               | is going on in SF and the large jump in crime and
               | violence is a direct consequence of not wanting to
               | prosecute criminals.
        
             | kodah wrote:
             | > I don't have much sympathy for people that commit actual
             | crimes. There are too many innocent people being arrested
             | to worry about the guilty ones.
             | 
             | What's an actual crime _to you_? I bet our definitions
             | differ based on something not-so-quantifiable. A good DA
             | can produce charges against someone to make it look like an
             | _actual_ crime was committed when it 's really something
             | petty or much less nefarious. We've seen countless examples
             | of this.
             | 
             | Rather than describing my sympathies at some nebulous
             | level, I'd rather say this: I have sympathy for those in
             | the criminal justice system because I realize most people
             | are capable of change and that is mostly ignored by the
             | public and the criminal justice system together. Former
             | criminals are almost never rehabbed, and worse we see many
             | examples of folks who were never criminals being introduced
             | to a system that by default does not care about them but
             | carries maximal implications for their life.
        
             | HenryBemis wrote:
             | Something tells me that if Police (in the USA) sees a white
             | person sleeping on a Porsche in an expenive shopping mall,
             | they will "sit back and stand by" to ensure that nobody
             | will disturb the sleep of the rich-white-folk.
             | 
             | It is clear that US Police is thriving on discrimination
             | and malpractice.
             | 
             | As long as police officers don't pay out of their own
             | pocket the damages they cause, this won't stop.
             | 
             | Guys... (you over in the USA).. you got some major problems
             | to solve. We, on the European side of this planet are super
             | surprised how you let some things STILL be happening, by
             | your various police bodies. You either don't care, or (even
             | worse) you are deeply divided and disagreeing on what's
             | "right" and what's "wrong".
             | 
             | It's a pity.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | We've warned you before not to post nationalistic
               | flamebait to HN. If you do it again we will ban you. (It
               | doesn't matter which country is at issue.)
               | 
               | Discussions on sensitive, divisive topics are hard enough
               | without someone pouring petrol on the fires. It may not
               | be arson, but it's at least negligence, and it's
               | destructive. Please stop.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | We do care, but you must understand that policing (and
               | the majority of government that Americans interact with)
               | is fragmented by design under our significantly federated
               | system of government. As much discussion as this gets on
               | a national level, meaningful change in this realm means
               | change at the local level. And that's where things start
               | to break down, because the most egregious cases of abuse
               | are happening in places that disproportionately benefit
               | from these abuses.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Except it costs money to incarcerate someone in jail, and
             | doing that & foregoing the dedicated drug treatment also
             | means the person is more likely to relapse and cost society
             | even more money.
             | 
             | Especially for drugs, we need to move away from a
             | punishment/vengeance system of justice and towards a
             | rehabilitation/lowest TCO form of treatment.
        
               | plank_time wrote:
               | Punishing criminals is more important than saving money.
               | 
               | Simple possession shouldn't be a crime but crimes
               | themselves shouldn't be consequence-free otherwise it
               | turns a city into a shithole. Look at SF over the last
               | few years.
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | The deterrent effect of punishment has been proven many
               | times to be no where near as strong as law abiding people
               | believe it to be. Now you can say "well you just need
               | harsher punishment" but many systems has disproven this
               | as well.
               | 
               | Jail should be reserved for people who a direct physical
               | threat to other peoples bodies or properties. Continued
               | incarceration should be viewed from that lens as well.
               | 
               | Victim Compensation should be a higher priority instead
               | of punishment, instead we put almost no priority to
               | Victim Compensation instead viewing the crime as a "crime
               | against society" and the person "pays a debt to society"
               | that is the wrong position.
        
             | moshmosh wrote:
             | It's less about sympathy than about how you structure a
             | justice system if you _don 't_ want more crime in the
             | future. A lot of things about our justice system work very
             | much counter to how you'd do things if your main goal was
             | to _have less crime_. See also: banning certain kinds of
             | government college aid for people with drug-related
             | convictions. If you care about recidivism and cycles of
             | poverty  & crime why would you _make it harder_ for people
             | who 've done their time and gotten out to contribute
             | positively to society?
             | 
             | From a sheer fairness and _what is justice actually_ POV,
             | it 's bullshit that this is yet another thing a rich family
             | can shrug off, while a poor family is screwed. I don't have
             | a solution for it, but the role money plays in our justice
             | system may well be _the_ biggest problem with it, which is
             | saying something.
             | 
             | > Hopefully the son learns from that and he should be
             | working to help repay that debt.
             | 
             | Very unlikely, with a record. A decade later and he's doing
             | OK, for values of OK that include "can mostly pay own not-
             | large bills, and only because he's living with his parents,
             | and is steadily and consistently progressing in a low-
             | paying field". Last I checked he's still "in the system" to
             | some extent, as far as ongoing fees and check-ins and such.
             | 
             | (for the record, just to set some parameters here, he
             | didn't physically hurt anyone, but it was still quite
             | serious and definitely not something a society would want
             | to go un-punished, that's absolutely true)
             | 
             | One imagines the long-term lasting harm to _all of_ :
             | victims, families of victims, perpetrators, and families of
             | perpetrators; happening over and over in high-crime
             | neighborhoods and it's no wonder it's so damn hard to
             | improve those areas. That, on top of everything else that's
             | often wrong with them. Reducing, not increasing, the "blast
             | radius" of crime seems like something you'd focus on if you
             | want to reduce crime rates, when stress and poverty are
             | causal for crime and stress and poverty are part of the
             | effect of same "blast radius".
        
               | plank_time wrote:
               | Was your relative a multiple-time offender? If so, maybe
               | stronger punishment earlier would have put him on the
               | right path sooner.
               | 
               | Look, some people will always be fuck ups. That's the sad
               | reality of the life. Some people, no matter how their are
               | guided, will always eventually fuck up and ruin all the
               | hard work people put into them. They are wired to always
               | make poor decisions no matter what. My best friend is
               | like this. After 40 years of trying to help him, I accept
               | him as he is now with no expectations he will ever get
               | better despite decades of trying to help him. I have a
               | close relative like that too. If they are protected from
               | consequences too early in life, they tend to make larger,
               | irrevocable mistakes later in life and then they are
               | fucked for a long time.
               | 
               | In SF crime is running rampant now because of a DA that
               | refuses to prosecute smaller crimes. It has emboldened
               | criminals. Prop 47 has made it so that gangs of thugs
               | enter a store, fill their bags with merchandise and run
               | out with no repercussions. I witnessed this with my own
               | eyes and the manager said they don't even call the cops
               | anymore because they won't come. Instead, 15 Walgreens
               | have closed their stores in SF in the last few years
               | because of it. Criminals are arrested 20+ times in the
               | span of a year and they keep getting let go and they are
               | free to continue committing crimes and it's getting worse
               | and worse.
               | 
               | So punishing criminals matter. Putting them on the right
               | path matters but it can't be consequence-free.
        
               | moshmosh wrote:
               | I don't think I've been advancing the idea that this
               | should have been consequence-free. I just think some
               | people (who, fortunately, haven't had much insight into
               | "the system") may not be aware how the burden, financial
               | and otherwise, for punishment can be in excess of the
               | explicit punishment for a crime, and fall on far more
               | people than just the offender, in ways that result in
               | punishment being _de facto_ much worse for the poor than
               | the rich, even when prison time is in some way involved,
               | and cause significant harm to families and communities in
               | ways that don 't seem particularly useful to the pursuit
               | of justice. I find some of the ways these things are
               | applied to be poverty-reinforcing, which is a really bad
               | idea if you want less crime to happen, rather than more.
               | 
               | (FWIW I haven't downvoted any of your posts)
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | "Our mistake, you get to pay for it" seems like something that
         | should be illegal.
        
       | throwawayboise wrote:
       | Dog searches should require consent or a warrant, IMO. Too many
       | cases where the dog is "alerting" based on cues from the handler
       | and not an actual presence of any substances.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | threatofrain wrote:
         | What's the point in hacky solutions to salvage the dog as an
         | instrument in drug enforcement?
         | 
         | I mean, "yes, I consent to an easily corrupted dog search?"
         | 
         | People dislike black-box ML and "algorithms", but the approach
         | seems miles ahead of Woof Woof I Smell Drugs as a Service.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | No, the answer is "no, I do not consent" then they would have
           | to get a judge to sign off on a warrant just like if they
           | wanted to search your house. And at that point, they don't
           | need the dog, they can just search your car.
        
           | tokai wrote:
           | Drug sniffing bees should be hard for trainers to misuse.
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | Dog searches should not be used as evidence unless the dog has
         | been certified testing both false positive and false negative
         | rates.
        
           | nickysielicki wrote:
           | Dog searches should not be used as evidence unless Officer
           | Dog can be called to the stand to testify eloquently, in
           | english.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | You cannot interrogate the dog to discern why it alerted thus
           | its "testimony" should be legally useless. It's not an
           | instrument and it cannot be standardized and police
           | departments and cops will always be incentivized to use them
           | poorly as using it poorly will always garner more hits.
           | 
           | Dog sniff tests like lie detectors should just be forbidden
           | from being used in any capacity like every other pseudo
           | scientific instrument.
        
           | minikites wrote:
           | Who is doing the certification? Why wouldn't they be just as
           | corrupt as the police?
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | They wouldn't have qualified immunity and their
             | certifications would be questionable in court. That does
             | not assure perfection, but it would be better than what we
             | have now.
        
             | asplake wrote:
             | Qui custodiet ipsos custodes
        
               | metiscus wrote:
               | Excellent point. For those who don't read latin or want
               | to google translate it, the literal latin translation is:
               | "Who will guard the guards themselves"
               | 
               | The phrase is more commonly translated as: "Who will
               | watch the watchers"
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quis_custodiet_ipsos_custod
               | es%...
        
               | dane-pgp wrote:
               | Someone with a good understanding of Latin could use this
               | thread as an opportunity to make a Latin joke, by
               | translating "Who will watch the watchdogs?" or "Who will
               | guard the guard dogs?".
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | Forbidding sniff tests from being used as evidence
               | themselves or cause for further searches is likeliest to
               | result in a just outcome. Sometimes the best answer to
               | who watches the watcher is to simplify by eliminating the
               | position.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Agreed. Humans don't even let humans of foreign citizenship
         | into law enforcement, so it makes even less sense to let
         | _another species_ make decisions about law enforcement.
        
       | minikites wrote:
       | From the article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clever_Hans
       | 
       | >He discovered this artifact in the research methodology, wherein
       | the horse was responding directly to involuntary cues in the body
       | language of the human trainer, who was entirely unaware that he
       | was providing such cues.
       | 
       | Drug dogs are an end run around probable cause (as the article
       | states). Modern policing is rotten to the core and needs to be
       | abolished. An entirely different system needs to replace it, a
       | system more focused on helping people instead of terrorizing the
       | vulnerable.
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | I have no idea why this was downvoted. Lots of people have made
         | livings showing illegal arrests, illegal searches, police lying
         | (which is legal but a crime the other way around), coerced
         | false confessions, and police brutality on YouTube because
         | there's just so much damn material. It's right out of 1984.
         | Here's one of many channels on the subject:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMCSd9ZNL0nshOhXwtfIJBA
         | 
         | All this is emboldened by the drug war. If it wasn't for that,
         | most of these police departments would be well overstaffed (if
         | they aren't considered that already). The US justice system is
         | a farce.
        
           | unxontuesnt wrote:
           | I don't downvote but I can speculate.
           | 
           | As technology oriented website users, I think it's likely
           | most of us are familiar with Joel Spolsky's advice to never
           | do a big rewrite [0].
           | 
           | Regardless of the faults of current policing practices, the
           | fact is that they represent centuries of judicial,
           | legislative, and social work by many thousands of
           | individuals. It is dishonest and absurd to believe that such
           | a system can be adequately replaced by "something new I dunno
           | lol". Cultures and traditions embody solutions to problems
           | you don't know exist. "Cultural revolutions" have always and
           | everywhere exposed the gaping wounds of the past and revived
           | ancient problems that were once solved.
           | 
           | The difficult and tedious work of persistent mutations and
           | small improvements is historically the most reliable method
           | to improve the lot of humanity. But it's not as exciting or
           | sexy as "burn it all down" rhetoric, and people do want to
           | get laid.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2000/04/06/things-you-
           | should-...
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | >Regardless of the faults of current policing practices,
             | the fact is that they represent centuries of judicial,
             | legislative, and social work by many thousands of
             | individuals.
             | 
             | >But it's not as exciting or sexy as "burn it all down"
             | rhetoric
             | 
             | He stated "modern policing," which I would guess is since
             | the 1980s and the drug war, then 9/11. All this is fairly
             | new, and started within my lifetime. This is "normal" to
             | the younger generation, but it's horrifies me.
             | 
             | Some simple fixes that don't require "burning it to the
             | ground," but would in fact abolish modern policing:
             | 
             | 1. Abolish qualified immunity. 2. Civil forfeiture requires
             | burden of proof on the state. 3. Require at least the
             | military's rules of engagement, police rules are very lax.
             | (I'm scared, BANG BANG). 4. Require body cams and remove
             | ability to turn them or the microphone off. (sensitive info
             | can be removed on FOIA, but not court cases). 5. Prosecute
             | prosecutors for gross prosecutorial misconduct resulting in
             | a wrongful conviction (withholding exonerating evidence).
             | 6. Disallow drug dog alerts as evidence of a crime. (this
             | has more than been disproven as reliable.) 7. Require
             | states to provide equal funding for the public defender's
             | office as they do the district attorney's office. (fair
             | representation). 8. Require all police departments be 100%
             | funded by their municipality rather than self funding
             | (ticket quotas, pre-textual stops w/ civil forfeiture). 9.
             | National police certification. This keeps away the bad
             | "gypsy" cops that get fired / resign for gross misconduct
             | from being hired elsewhere. 10. Successful lawsuits against
             | the city for police misconduct get taken out of the police
             | budget.
             | 
             | There are probably more, but those should "abolish modern
             | policing." A civilization has to have a pretty ironclad
             | faith in their legal system, otherwise everything will
             | collapse.
        
               | unxontuesnt wrote:
               | Reasonable suggestions, I think you are probably correct.
               | 
               | I do believe that the zeitgeist that wants to abolish or
               | defund the police does genuinely mean that they do not
               | want the police to exist in any capacity. They mean
               | abolish in the sense that the asylum system was
               | abolished.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >I do believe that the zeitgeist that wants to abolish or
               | defund the police does genuinely mean that they do not
               | want the police to exist in any capacity.
               | 
               | I think that idea / narrative makes it easy to circumvent
               | any reasonable discussion on the topic in the political /
               | media sphere.
               | 
               | I think we're nearly at a critical point, if not already.
               | The police were so brazen to beat up and gas news people
               | covering protests, _while being filmed doing it._
               | 
               | I'm not a big fan of Vox, but here's a fairly
               | comprehensive article (with video) of what went on.
               | 
               | https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/5/31/21276013/police-
               | tar...
               | 
               | To use a bit of rhetoric, this doesn't look like
               | policing, this looks like occupation.
        
       | miesman wrote:
       | Who's a good boy!
        
         | benatkin wrote:
         | More like a "good old boy".
         | 
         | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/good_old_boy#Noun
        
       | leephillips wrote:
       | This is something any US citizen should be concerned about, if
       | not outraged. There is no 4th amendment if a cop can just have a
       | dog with him, or say "I smelled weed", etc. The cops even joke
       | about it, referring to the dogs as "probable cause on four legs".
       | The root problem is credulous or complicit judges who let this
       | evidence be introduced. We need them to throw out these cases.
        
         | namelessoracle wrote:
         | The judge issue is understated. Local judges who can throw out
         | this evidence get elected without challenge and often by
         | relatively small numbers of voters. Judges are often voted in
         | during an off season so voter turnout is tiny. But i used to
         | joke that if about 50 percent of a local university turned up
         | to vote for a judge they could easily de facto make marijuana
         | legal in their area.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | It's no joke!
           | 
           | Ann Arbor Michigan had the most liberal cannabis laws in the
           | United States for a couple decades running, it was a $5 fine
           | for personal use quantities.
           | 
           | In the late 80s (IIRC) a Republican on the city council tried
           | to change this, campaign promise or something. The council
           | said "hmm, yeah, it costs us more to process this paperwork
           | than we get in fines" and raised it to $20 or $25.
        
       | plank_time wrote:
       | There needs to be accountability. If a dog is poor at sniffing
       | drugs, it needs to be taken out of service. I don't know what
       | anyone hasn't thought about that except because everyone who
       | decides on these processes don't care.
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | The dog got a reward when it signaled the presence of drugs.
       | (before an actual search to confirm the dog's signal) That seems
       | like a great way to train a dog to always signal the presence of
       | drugs.
        
         | steve_g wrote:
         | Anyone who knows anything about dogs would say that drug-
         | sniffing dogs are a constitutional nightmare. They're basically
         | a rubber-stamp. Dogs want to please their handlers. If the
         | handler wants the dog to alert, the dog will alert. The
         | presence or absence of drugs isn't relevant to the dog.
        
           | moate wrote:
           | Drug K-9 units are right up there with polygraph tests in the
           | "fake nonsense without enough science involved and a high-
           | degree of abusability".
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Yes. I train my dogs to give me its paw when I show it a
           | cookie and say "paw". It never takes long for them to just
           | sit down and start waiving their paw around as soon as I pull
           | out the cookie. Or rushing to the door when I get home and
           | doing the same thing even when I didn't present a dog treat.
        
           | meowface wrote:
           | Do you have a source on this, and on how common it is? I
           | certainly wouldn't be surprised at all if it's true, but I'm
           | curious about actual studies.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | The article for this post is a pretty good source: 100%
             | rate for the dog indicating the presence of drugs is pretty
             | much a rubber stamp.
        
         | amalcon wrote:
         | It's tricky because, while dogs can understand fairly complex
         | vocabulary, their ability to reason abstractly about events is
         | less developed. If the dog alerts, you spend two minutes
         | searching, and then you reward the dog, it will have trouble
         | connecting the reward to the alert.
         | 
         | The obvious solution is to train the dog to search things that
         | you know have drugs (or don't) because the trainer set it up
         | that way. You'll need to then repeat this training often, and
         | not always in the same environment. If you don't, eventually
         | the dog will figure out that it will always be rewarded for
         | alerting in the field.
         | 
         | The problem with _this_ , of course, is that it's expensive and
         | cumbersome to do. You need to set up cars/bags/lockers/etc with
         | and without drugs in them in a variety of locations, secure
         | them (lest actual criminals steal the drugs), and bring the
         | dogs to them (lots of time out of the handler's day). Also,
         | even if you do this, you'll still get false positives: dogs are
         | living animals, not machines.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Or you just reward the dog when you put it back in the police
           | vehicle whether it indicated the presence of drugs.
        
         | elif wrote:
         | I think the condititoning is more like "train a dog to signal
         | the presence of drugs _when the officer wants there to be
         | drugs_"
         | 
         | At least that's what happened when I was K9 nonconsent
         | searched.
         | 
         | The dog didn't signal for 4 laps and then the handler looked at
         | him like i look at my dog when he eats cat food. Of course the
         | dog then sat.
        
       | JTbane wrote:
       | Even more troubling is this sort of thing could be grounds for
       | asset forfeiture- in which you have to prove to a judge your
       | property wasn't used in a crime to get it back.
        
       | nyhc99 wrote:
       | How do we the people fight these drug dog abuses? Politicians
       | generally aren't interested in touching something like this. I'd
       | love to put some money to work on the issue. Is there a
       | foundation dedicated to suing police departments? Is that even a
       | viable avenue to make a change?
        
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