[HN Gopher] Technocratic Plimsoll Line
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       Technocratic Plimsoll Line
        
       Author : CapitalistCartr
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2021-05-17 14:12 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.lesswrong.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.lesswrong.com)
        
       | ajb wrote:
       | "Why can't the political appointees and the technocrats be
       | formally separated in the same way as the executive, the
       | legislative and the judiciary? "
       | 
       | In the UK, this is formally the case. The Civil Service is below
       | the line, Ministers and 'political advisers' are above it. Civil
       | Servants are legally barred from standing for election and have a
       | duty to be politically neutral. However for this reason the Civil
       | Service can't " keep [the politicians] in check" because that
       | would be antidemocratic. They are supposed to at most act as an
       | intelligence-upgrade to the politicians.
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | It's also the case in the US too:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_in_th...
         | 
         | It's pretty clearly established at each agency which positions
         | are turned over when a new administration gains power and which
         | are protected as non-political, and this interacts with the
         | formal rules (e.g., you need cause to fire non-political
         | positions but not political ones).
         | 
         | Perhaps the author of the post is arguing that there should be
         | stronger checks and that in practice the political influence
         | extends below the nominal line, but he's wrong if he thinks
         | this is somehow ignored by statute.
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | Thanks to this thread for pointing out that in multiple
           | governments the distinction is in fact formal.
           | 
           | I am tempted to grumble that, once again, the rationalists
           | are ignorant of the ways the world actually works.
        
       | jameshart wrote:
       | This seems to just be amateur idle musing, masquerading as
       | political philosophy.
       | 
       | > the technocratic Plimsoll line phenomenon is a fact of life. As
       | such it can become a subject of research.
       | 
       | Well:
       | 
       | 1) it's not a 'fact of life', as described. It's a very
       | simplified, Western-centric view that assumes certain things
       | about rule of law and the nature of political accountability and
       | maps loosely onto some organizations, yet doesn't even manage to
       | address the US or European systems it seems to be drawing its
       | understanding from. In this model is the Supreme Court a
       | technocratic or political institution?
       | 
       | And 2) what makes the author think this isn't an area that has
       | been extensively studied already? Political science has a rich
       | literature with sophisticated work on the relationship between
       | the administrative state, and democratic and anti democratic
       | institutions.
       | 
       | Seems a little bold to just wade in and claim to have noticed a
       | universal rule of government... was this written by a programmer?
        
         | meheleventyone wrote:
         | > This seems to just be amateur idle musing, masquerading as
         | political philosophy.
         | 
         | This almost seems like the raison d'etre for LessWrong.
        
         | sideshowb wrote:
         | It's easy to criticise, but I'd be interested to know 1. Some
         | key ways in which this model breaks down outside of the West,
         | 2. A good summary of the literature you mention?
        
       | eternalban wrote:
       | _" For the purpose of this article, technocracy, bureaucracy and
       | meritocracy are the same thing: It's a class of people who got
       | their jobs based on their capabilities. The counterpart is the
       | political class, the people who get their jobs based on their
       | political views and/or their loyalty."_
       | 
       | It seems to me that this basically begs the question of whether
       | "merit" is an objective measure in a politicized society. Beyond
       | that immediate critique, it is rather sloppy to equate facility
       | with a domain of techne (technocracy) with facility in an
       | organizational setting (bureaucracy), and a political system
       | (meritocracy).
       | 
       | Alphabet Inc. is a nascent form of global _technocracy_. CIA is
       | an established above-the-law _bureaucracy_. Meritocracy is a
       | _political system_ , with CPC possibly a legitimate du jour
       | [overt] example. (We do have the equivalent of CPC and
       | meritocracy in the West but it is entirely occult (in the strict
       | sense of the word) and behind the curtain ala Wizard of Oz.)
       | 
       | [p.s.]
       | 
       | To address any possible misunderstanding regarding my comment and
       | view point in context of the operative political regime in the
       | (so called) Western world, note that it is informed by a
       | historical scope that by necessity starts at the _Reformation_ in
       | Europe. I am of the opinion that a political perspective that is
       | framed by contemporary personalities and events is hopelessly
       | myopic and distorted.
        
         | rendang wrote:
         | In what manner does Alphabet Inc. represent technocracy? What
         | do they rule over? Do you mean that they have a great deal of
         | indirect power over the lives of the people who use their
         | products?
        
       | jaymicha wrote:
       | This kinda describes something I've always internally thought of
       | as the "talkers-to-typers ratio" at companies I've worked at.
       | Back in the early IT/dotcom days, the "appointee class" were
       | primarily on their phones or in meetings, talking. The
       | technocrats were at their computers, typing. I don't think that's
       | as bright a red line these days, obviously, but I've still kept
       | that name in my head and check in on the ratio every now and then
       | when I'm taking a company's pulse or looking to join a new
       | company.
        
       | wrnr wrote:
       | > the gripes that many Europeans have with the European Union
       | seem to be mostly focused on the legibility rather than on the
       | actual performance of the institution
       | 
       | This is so wrong, I can find you a 100 million euro of miss
       | allocated funds, mostly in grands to technology project under the
       | umbrella of the Horizon project.
       | 
       | These projects are not directly validated by members of the
       | administration instead they pay consultants to do these work.
       | 
       | Politicians, bureaucrats and management consulting, it is at
       | least 3 layers of plausible deniability.
       | 
       | Funny how many project I know that have an EU flag on the bottom
       | of their website followed with, "this project was funded in part
       | under grand proposal X", and right after that, "this project does
       | not in any way share or from represent the opinion of the EU
       | commission".
        
       | hypersoar wrote:
       | > In any case, the point I am trying to make is that in every
       | state, in every business or organization there's a certain
       | horizontal line separating political appointees on the top from
       | the technocrats on the bottom.
       | 
       | > ...
       | 
       | > One way or another, the line seems to objectively exist. It's
       | hard, for example, to think of an organization where the
       | political appointees are at the bottom of the hierarchy and the
       | technocrats on the top.
       | 
       | This is an almost tautological realization. When people talk
       | about "politics" in this context, they mean in the sense of
       | (pulling from OED) "actions concerned with the acquisition or
       | exercise of power, status, or authority." Who are the people at
       | an institution who have the power, status, and authority? Well,
       | it tends to be the ones interested in actions concerning it.
       | There's nothing that says such people can't be subject-matter
       | experts. But if you lock yourself in the proverbial basement and
       | ignore the power structure, then you're less likely to take an
       | active role in it.
        
       | uncomputation wrote:
       | This is an amazing start... that goes nowhere. The author says we
       | can analyze the Plimsoll line and then doesn't except for one
       | case in Google based on personal experience. It would be very
       | interesting to see an analysis of boards of directors, executive
       | boards, etc. But I also see people's points that it's not much of
       | a "line" in reality. Take Craig Federighi, Apple's SW VP. It's
       | obviously a mix between "appointee" (knowing the right people)
       | and "technocrat" (demonstrated skill working in software
       | engineering). Same with government. Saying the "political class"
       | is appointed based on "political affiliation" is not quite right.
       | How do you distinguish Nancy Pelosi from the average California
       | democrat? Political expertise and experience, which is
       | technocratic acc. to the article. Even someone like Trump, there
       | is a certain "skill" there in public manipulation and sheep-
       | herding. I'd gladly read a more in-depth second take.
        
       | andrewla wrote:
       | I don't think the point here is wrong, but I think the line that
       | is being drawn between "technocrats" and "political appointees"
       | is too sharp.
       | 
       | The article makes the point that sometimes a political
       | appointment may be made on an aptitude basis rather than a social
       | basis, so we should lump them together. But this is just a
       | problem of trying to impose a taxonomy on reality, which is not
       | going to be productive.
       | 
       | The vast majority of technocrats in government service are
       | political appointees chosen for their domain expertise. As an
       | example, the board of the Federal Reserve consists entirely of
       | subject matter experts, and saying that they are not technocrats
       | when the very substance of their job is attempting to apply
       | technocratic solutions to economic problems.
       | 
       | I think the overwhelming majority of people (although not me)
       | feels that the Fed is better off run by technocrats -- why would
       | you trust, for example, a bunch of Senators with that job, when
       | they may have no formal training or experience in economics? The
       | argument of people like Matt Stoller that we would be vastly
       | better off by a Fed that was run directly by a congressional
       | committee sounds terrifying to people who imagine that the Fed is
       | too important to be relegated to rank amateurs. But the essential
       | observation of most anti-technocrats is that the technocrats are
       | bad at their job. Having Congress legislate and investigate where
       | they can, and get out of the way where they can't, is generally a
       | more robust policy than letting them defer to subject matter
       | experts in areas where governmental action is relevant.
        
         | wahern wrote:
         | > The vast majority of technocrats in government service are
         | political appointees chosen
         | 
         | "Vast majority" seems like an exaggeration. But your point is
         | exactly the first thing that came to mind, particularly when
         | the author said that we should study the phenomenon of
         | technocratic power. People do study it; that's how we get terms
         | like regulatory capture.
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | Broadly speaking the problem with technocrats isn't always
         | their expertise within their domain, but the ripple effects of
         | their policies outside of their domain. The technocrat's
         | policies might meet all of their metrics and be arguably
         | correct within their area of expertise.
         | 
         | Economic policies might seem sound in terms stock market
         | metrics, but could be disastrous for consumers. Health policies
         | might make sense from the perspective of public health metrics,
         | but could be terrible for the economy.
        
         | Misdicorl wrote:
         | > Having Congress legislate and investigate where they can, and
         | get out of the way where they can't, is generally a more robust
         | policy than letting them defer to subject matter experts in
         | areas where governmental action is relevant.
         | 
         | Isn't this exactly what the technocrat solution is? The
         | technocrats go about their business as best they can. Congress
         | can (and does, sometimes) intervene with new or updated laws
         | whenever they deem the technocrats are not appropriately
         | serving their function.
         | 
         | The issue (in the US anyways) is really that congress has
         | completely abdicated their duty and deferred all work to either
         | the presidency/judiciary and/or the technocrats/bureaucrats.
         | Eliminating/curtailing the technocrats/buraeucrats doesn't make
         | Congress work better, it just pushes them to cede more of their
         | power to the other branches of government and thus even further
         | into the autocratic hellscape.
        
           | andrewla wrote:
           | By "get out of the way where they can't" I mean that the
           | government should simply forfeit its authority and say that
           | this is a realm of commerce or activity where there is no
           | need for government intervention. Not that they should "get
           | out of the way" by creating technocratic bodies.
           | 
           | I agree wholeheartedly that congress has completely abdicated
           | their duty and actively refuses to wield power directly.
           | Regarding deferring to the president, there are two
           | approaches to that, one is to create rule-making bodies that
           | are associated with the executive, and the other is to
           | directly legislate to make clear what things are illegal.
           | 
           | The former approach is flawed for many reasons, but most
           | notably because a regulatory body will always focus its
           | efforts on "pre-crime"; to try to guarantee that it is
           | structurally impossible to commit a crime, rather than trying
           | and convicting individuals or organizations with crimes. Once
           | this process is captured, it serves only as a moat for
           | existing players in the space, to prevent new organizations
           | from arising that offer innovation in that space by forcing
           | them to structure their businesses in the "industry-standard"
           | way. And they will spend the remainder of their time trying
           | to create structures within their realm to enforce
           | legibility.
           | 
           | The latter approach (laws -> enforcement) is fine. It allows
           | discretion around the margins and forces accountability for
           | causing harm, or, in some narrow cases, from dangerous
           | recklessness in areas that have a great deal of potential
           | harm in the tails.
        
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