[HN Gopher] The Suez Canal will be widened
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Suez Canal will be widened
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 134 points
       Date   : 2021-05-16 11:42 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.businessinsider.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.businessinsider.com)
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | Lets see. There exists a class of ships known a suezmax. As their
       | name suggests, they are the maximum size that the Suez can
       | reasonably accommodate. This announcement sounds like an
       | admission that the engineers screwed up (big time) when drawing
       | up the specifications of the suezmax class. Ah. Heads must be
       | rolling right now, i wonder if any retired engineers/surveyors
       | have been receiving uncomfortable phone calls...
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | I don't think it suggests that at all. The engineers built
         | ships that were as large as possible while still passing the
         | canal. There were no plans to enlarge the canal. I don't see a
         | mistake there except for the politicians who decided the fix
         | the canals size then changed their minds...
        
           | FridayoLeary wrote:
           | They are not changing their minds arbitrarily, it's in
           | response to the fact that as the Evergiven demonstrated, so-
           | called Suezmax ships actually don't fit. In reality, they are
           | "Suezbarelys"
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | Isn't that exactly what suezmax means? SuezBarely?
             | 
             | If you ask for a Xm long ship, you get an Xm long ship.
             | That's not a design flaw because it crashes more easily
             | than a smaller ship when not maintained/piloted properly...
             | 
             | Edit: if the Suez officials are serious about this, they
             | should limit the size of vessels to the current maximum.
        
               | doctor_eval wrote:
               | I think the point is, the Suez canal operators say "you
               | must be no more than THIS BIG to pass through the canal".
               | 
               | So shipbuilder builds a ship THIS BIG and it doesn't fit.
               | [0]
               | 
               | I think that's the canal's fault, not the shipbuilder's.
               | 
               | [0] in fact, most of the time it fits, but sometimes it
               | doesn't.
        
               | FridayoLeary wrote:
               | No. You don't completely fill up your computer memory.
               | Whenever we are given a certain amount of space within
               | which to operate, when smooth flow of traffic is
               | essential, we aim to stay below the absolute maximum
               | limits, in order to avoid fatal bottlenecks. This is very
               | logical, and you can see it in all aspects of life.
        
               | LatteLazy wrote:
               | You don't fill up computer memory because it's cheap to
               | buy more and catastrophic to run out. Imagine if you were
               | paid to fill computer memory, and the only way to stay in
               | business was to be 99% full. You'd fill your memory then.
               | And that's logistics. That's by ships are so big and full
               | and why planes are over booked and why Suez hasn't been
               | enlarged more.
        
             | imglorp wrote:
             | They fit fine. There was an issue with that ship having
             | large sail area from all those containers and insufficient
             | control authority to counteract the added wind forces.
             | 
             | If anything they may want to limit Max crossing to calm
             | days. Also the crew's judgement should be examined: wind
             | forces in tight quarters are a big concern for any vessel
             | and yet they decided to enter.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | If there are a bunch of conditions under which Suezmax
               | ships fit (calm days, above-average crew judgment, etc.)
               | isn't that effectively support for Suezmax being more of
               | a Suezbarely?
        
       | DuskStar wrote:
       | So, how long until we get a NEW, new suezmax class of
       | containerships to compensate?
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | Sorry, but that's not how it works.
         | 
         | Containerships don't conform to the canal. Both the ships and
         | the canal are made to conform to the standard.
         | 
         | There is a document titled Rules of Navigation issued by the
         | Suez Canal Authority which defines the maximum dimensions for
         | the vessels authorised to transit. You can read it yourself:
         | https://www.suezcanal.gov.eg/FlipPDFDocuments/Rules%20of%20N...
         | (it's on the 90th page as the pdf reader numbers them, or 68th
         | by the document's internal numbering)
         | 
         | Based on what you say it sounds like you think the current
         | limits are experimentally found. As if ship owners build all
         | kind of ships and then try to cram them through the channel and
         | see which one goes. That would be madness.
        
           | Denvercoder9 wrote:
           | > Containerships don't conform to the canal.
           | 
           | Containerships absolutely do conform to the canals. Lots of
           | ships are built to the maximum size that can transit the
           | Panama or Suez canals. It's called Panamax and Suezmax ships.
           | When the Panama canal was expanded, that caused larger ships
           | to be built to the new specifications of the canal (called
           | new Panamax).
           | 
           | If this expansion causes the maximum dimensions allowed
           | through the Suez canal to be increased, ships will be built
           | to that larger standard.
        
             | devoutsalsa wrote:
             | I want to see a ship that's the width of the Panama Canal,
             | but like 10x taller, called Panaminmax.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | :) That's a good name.
               | 
               | In reality, the maximum air draft (how much the ship is
               | sticking out over the water) is also limited by the
               | Panamamax standard. It is constrained because the ships
               | has to go under bridges and some cables too while
               | crossing the canal.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | You are very kind to explain the Panamax and Suezmax
             | concepts to me. I can assure you I'm familiar with them.
             | 
             | When you order a ship and you stipulate that it must be
             | able to cross the Suez Canal the shipyard won't send out
             | two dudes with a theodolite to measure how wide the canal
             | is. They will look up the standard (the very same I have
             | just linked!) and build the ship to that specification.
             | That is to say the ships conform to the standard not to the
             | canal.
             | 
             | Similarly if you are engineer working for the SCA how do
             | you know when to dredge the canal? Easy. You read the same
             | standard and you dredge where ships of the published
             | maximum size would not fit. Likewise you check the
             | published air draft maximums before designing over-water
             | electric transmission crossings. That is to say you make
             | the canal conform to the standard.
             | 
             | > If this expansion causes the maximum dimensions allowed
             | through the Suez canal to be increased...
             | 
             | True. But there is zero reason why the SCA would be coy
             | about announcing a neo-Suezmax standard if that is what
             | they would be wanting to do. In fact they would float any
             | such plans years and years in advance, because vessels are
             | not built in a day. I have seen no indication for that.
        
         | rocqua wrote:
         | Suezmax is the biggest that is allowed through Suez, not the
         | biggest that will fit. If the authorities don't change the max
         | they will allow, then no new class of ships will emerge.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | Yeah, I think that's the point DuskStar is making, how long
           | until they change the max (effectively bringing in a new era
           | of new new suezmax)?
        
         | egeozcan wrote:
         | This would be then very similar to the Bosphorus bridge problem
         | in Istanbul. A bridge wasn't enough, so they built the second.
         | After it's opened, came a spike in car sales so that it wasn't
         | enough way sooner than expected, so they built a third bridge,
         | completion of which is followed by a spike in car sales,
         | despite the economical situation.
        
           | belatw wrote:
           | Well the third bridge was built as a gift to Tayipp's friends
           | who bought up all of the land near it before he announced it
           | as one of his "crazy projects". It's kind of in the missle of
           | nowhere. My understanding is it didnt have any impact
           | positively or negatively.
           | 
           | Speaking of which, whatever happened to the EV, pedestrian
           | and bicycle tunnel under tje bosfora starting at kabatas
           | which he claimed would be finished 2 years ago, along woth
           | the 4 levant metro extension.
        
           | DC-3 wrote:
           | This problem generalises and is why building more, bigger
           | roads is not a silver bullet solution to congestion. More
           | road capacity pushes people towards using cars for all their
           | journeys so increases traffic, sometimes to the extent that
           | congestion is worsened not lessened.
        
             | martingoodson wrote:
             | This is called 'induced demand'. Surprisingly, the opposite
             | happens when you remove road capacity - which is called
             | 'traffic evaporation'. It's why taking road space from cars
             | and reallocating it to bicycles is often more successful
             | than predicted:
             | https://nacto.org/docs/usdg/disappearing_traffic_cairns.pdf
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | Removing capacity from infrastructure is a solution that
               | works when you want to discourage use of that
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | If that's not the case, I only know of one other
               | solution: charge directly for usage. That way you can set
               | the price such that demand stays at a high level, but at
               | one supported by maximum available capacity.
               | 
               | If someone knows of a different solution, I'd like to
               | know -- I have an induced demand problem in a type of
               | infrastructure that I would like to operate at high
               | capacity, and charging for it would be unconventional to
               | the point of making it hard to find support for that
               | solution.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | Charging money for access to transportation is very
               | politically biased: people with low or no income are
               | effectively denied transportation while people with high
               | income are not discouraged. This is how slums are
               | created.
               | 
               | > If someone knows of a different solution, I'd like to
               | know
               | 
               | Some cities have areas that allow unlimited access to
               | locals and deliveries and limited access to others (X
               | times per year)
        
               | supertrope wrote:
               | Are people entitled to free roads? If yes then the
               | electorate will not care that fuel taxes and registration
               | fees don't cover road maintenance costs - it's a dignity
               | not a price. If not then all roads should be toll roads
               | or cars can be taxed per mile via odometer readings.
               | 
               | Making things free at the point of use is not always the
               | best way to help the poor or public. The inefficiency of
               | no charge first come first serve could outweigh equity
               | benefits. Having everyone pay in time (traffic jams) is a
               | large hidden cost. Time is valuable even for those who
               | lack money. The US Department of Transportation came up
               | with a benchmark of $12.25/hour (50% of median household
               | income) to evaluate the expected time savings of proposed
               | transportation projects (2014).
               | 
               | With free roads only time, fuel, and vehicle depreciation
               | are considered. Roads are considered zero cost. There's
               | minimal consideration of mass transit, carpooling, or
               | moving closer to work. Just demands to add another lane
               | and more parking everywhere. If roads were tolled or a
               | lane was re-allocated to buses that could help poor
               | people by making carpooling or riding a bus a realistic
               | lower cost alternative to owning a car (or second car).
               | Carpooling is a great example of how tolls incentivize
               | high efficiency: 2 coworkers coming from the same
               | neighborhood can cut their vehicle ownership expenses,
               | the toll only hits half as hard, the people/hour
               | throughput of the road goes up, and they take up less
               | parking. Two people get to avoid congestion doubling time
               | savings.
               | 
               | Infrastructure is always shared. There are hard normative
               | questions about how capacity should be allocated, and who
               | should be subsidized. Making it free at the point of use
               | doesn't eliminate those trade off questions.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | I don't understand what point you are trying to make.
               | 
               | > If not then all roads should be toll roads or cars can
               | be taxed per mile via odometer readings
               | 
               | ...or you tax the combination of car usage and fuel
               | efficiency by taxing fuel consumption. Which is already
               | done with steep taxes on fuel sale in some countries and
               | it's discouraging car use. For some people.
        
               | supertrope wrote:
               | Charging for road use is not necessarily anti-poor
               | people.
        
               | Dah00n wrote:
               | How would you make it not be anti-poor without some kind
               | of road taxation based on income (which would mean those
               | with the most money would pay the least as they can
               | afford help to abuse the loopholes)?
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | Yes, that's a problem. I've debated with myself over what
               | would be a fair division of "limited access" in my case
               | but not arrived at a satisfactory solution. Anything I
               | can think of will devolve into an inefficient, sucky,
               | inofficial market. (This is why I'm contemplating an
               | efficient, less sucky, official market in the first
               | place.)
               | 
               | To be clear: the infrastructure I'm working on isn't
               | transport, but it'd still be odd to only allow paying
               | users. I was thinking two similar copies of this piece
               | infrastructure, where one is priced to avoid congestion,
               | and the other will be as congested as induced demand
               | allows.
               | 
               | I'd like the discussion to stay general because I suspect
               | any solutions will be reusable.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | ...another example is the bus/metro transportation card:
               | in many cities you get charged both based on your income
               | bracket, usage pattern and things like being
               | retired/student/young/adult and so on
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | This is a great point and one applicable to my case as
               | well. I have an obvious proxy for income bracket to even
               | out the playing field. Thanks!
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | I assume that both traffic evaporation and induced demand
               | have a knock on effect elsewhere in the economy. When a
               | road is closed fewer people can get from A to B easily,
               | meaning less trade in shops near there, people taking
               | less-optimal nearby jobs because they can't commute to a
               | better job further away, delivery companies using two
               | trucks and drivers instead of one, etc.
               | 
               | Each individual sees a small disadvantage when a bridge
               | is closed, but the overall economic effect might be very
               | substantial, and hard to measure.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Traffic and the economy are complex enough that the
               | answer is "it depends" most of the time. Generally when
               | you close a street to cars pedestrian traffic increases.
               | Pedestrians tend to spend a lot more money on a street
               | that cars driving by. Cafes tend to flourish.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | I guess the way to model that is to model the traffic and
               | economic effects of a closed road, and separately model
               | the economic benefits of a pedestrian street. Add the two
               | together, and you have your result.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | On top of that, low-walkability car-intensive cities
               | strongly correlate with increased street crime and mental
               | illness (depression, social isolation).
               | 
               | In various countries sprawls, shopping districts and
               | office-only areas are prohibited by building regulations
               | in order to create mixed areas where people can
               | live/shop/work and build local communities.
        
               | greggman3 wrote:
               | > low-walkability car-intensive cities strongly correlate
               | with increased street crime
               | 
               | Do you have any links? that goes entirely against my
               | intuition. SF is generally considered walkable and has
               | high street crime. I'm pretty sure the same is true for
               | NYC, Paris, Berlin, other highly walkable cities where as
               | say Irvine, Brea, (E.T. like neighborhoods that require a
               | car to do anything) have low-street crime.
               | 
               | Update:
               | 
               | The first 2 hits I found on google found higher
               | walkability correlated with more crime
               | 
               | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001391652092
               | 184...
               | 
               | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41284-018-0016
               | 1-7
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | Those are measuring crime within a city, not comparing
               | cities. Though I think you're going to have a hard time
               | separating 'walkability', and other features of old
               | European cities.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | It's a well known fact in traffic engineering. You can
               | start from the links at the bottom of the page:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkability#Socioeconomic
               | 
               | As the sibling poster wrote, by comparing the only
               | walkable area in the downtown of a car-centered city you
               | are [involuntarily] cherry-picking the populace that
               | cannot afford a car. You have to compare whole countries.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | > _meaning less trade in shops near there_
               | 
               | I can't remember the link, but one study I read found
               | that it mainly affected whether people took multiple
               | trips or one to do the same number of things.
               | 
               | E.g. if no traffic, you'll pop to 5 different shops on 5
               | different days because it's easy.
               | 
               | If tons of traffic, you save it all up to go to the same
               | 5 shops in a single trip instead.
               | 
               | So obviously the effects are complicated, and the
               | consequences aren't obvious. Also, if it's harder to make
               | it to the middle of the big city, that can stimulate more
               | vibrant jobs/shops/activity/etc. in towns on the
               | outskirts that weren't there before.
               | 
               | So while all the examples you've chosen are detrimental,
               | you can also reframe them all as positive.
        
               | greggman3 wrote:
               | As someone that lives in a city with lots of public
               | transportation (Tokyo) and lots of stores surrounding
               | almost every train/subway station, the number of
               | opportunities to buy something daily is vastly higher
               | than when I lived in a SoCal suburb and drove a car.
               | 
               | Basically with car, I went from home -> work -> home and
               | unless I went really out of my way (pull into shopping
               | center, park, get out of car, walk to store) then I
               | wasn't near anything to buy. I basically had to make the
               | conscious decision to go to a store.
               | 
               | Where as now, every time I enter or exit a train station
               | I pass by 15-20 store fronts (book stores, bakeries,
               | coffee stands, dessert stands, lunch stands, clothing
               | stores, drug stores, grocery store, etc...) and it's
               | literally 1-2 seconds off my path to be in one and buy
               | something.
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Shifting demand from roads to trains seems like a good
               | thing. But just closing roads without good public transit
               | seems like it would be pretty bad for the economy.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | It's true. Car infrastructure gives people in far-flung
               | low-density environments access to much more variety,
               | competition, and productivity than they would otherwise
               | have. The more attractive we make them, the more people
               | live in them. The argument is that this is a backwards
               | use of public funds.
               | 
               | On the other hand I don't think it's _funds_ that are the
               | problem here, there 's plenty of money chasing more urban
               | lifestyles. The limits are on the zoning and permitting
               | for urban housing types in the locations that need them.
               | Once there is capacity for people to urbanize, then we
               | can talk tactics to nudge the reluctant.
               | 
               | If you just make the suburbs painful without upzoning the
               | city, all you've done is decrease quality of life.
        
             | atatatat wrote:
             | In a city, yes.
             | 
             | In a suburb, the solution isn't anything _except_ building
             | more and better roads.
             | 
             | People aren't bicycling 10-15 miles to the grocery.
             | 
             | They should be, but, that's a different societal problem.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Alternative solution: different zoning rules.
               | 
               | When I lived in a tiny Cambridge commuter village
               | 30-minute cycle out from where I worked, the local
               | grocery store was closer to me than one corner of Milton
               | Tesco car park is from its opposite.
               | 
               | Here in Berlin? First place I stayed, out in the suburbs,
               | the basics were a bit further -- 300m for a bakery -- but
               | there were also seven supermarkets within 1 km.
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | The very existence of suburbs where the closest grocery
               | is 10+ miles away is itself an example of DC-3s
               | generalization.
               | 
               | Instead of cars making trips within cities faster, we
               | started tolerating the same commute but spreading cities
               | out more.
        
               | Cola wrote:
               | The solution is to make suburbs more dense so that people
               | are closer to the places they want to go. I suppose this
               | would ultimately result in a "town" rather than a suburb,
               | though.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > In a suburb, the solution isn't anything except
               | building more and better roads.
               | 
               | That's not a solution. Suburbs are self-bankrupting by
               | definition: they're so sparse the taxes can't cover the
               | infrastructure cost.
               | 
               | The solution is to relax zoning and make the suburb
               | denser and liveable.
               | 
               | Removing and narrowing roads is a good way to do that: it
               | increases space available for non-car infrastructures and
               | produces free surface for "neighbourhood businesses". It
               | also naturally routes through traffic around the area,
               | rather than having to force that through inconvenient
               | culs-de-sacs and making the suburb into a maze which
               | requires driving 10 minutes to go to the neighbor's
               | house.
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | I can't remember the last time I went to the grocery
               | store, and that's not just covid.
        
               | oscardssmith wrote:
               | In suburbs, we shouldn't have grocery stores be that far
               | from people.
        
               | OwlsParlay wrote:
               | Welcome to American zoning laws, sadly.
        
               | adamjb wrote:
               | ...are there really places in the US that are considered
               | suburbs where the nearest place to get groceries is 10-15
               | miles away? That's appalling.
        
               | dazc wrote:
               | It does sound appaling but, here in the UK, my dad lives
               | in a fairly large city and, once a week, I drive him to
               | the largest supermarket in the area which is about 10
               | miles away.
               | 
               | There are, of course, other supermarkets much closer (2
               | within walking distance) but they are not quite so big,
               | have a limited choice and are situated in areas which
               | attract a certain class of clientel (known in the UK as
               | Chavs). For him, the inconvenience is worth it - although
               | it does take 3 hours out of my day.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | So your dad will only shop at Sainsburys despite having
               | an Asda on the doorstep?
               | 
               | I don't get going to a supermarket at all. We've had
               | groceries delivered once or twice a week from Sainsburys,
               | Ocada, Tesco, Asda, etc for about 10 years.
               | 
               | The concept of walking around a supermarket on a regular
               | basis fills me with dread - all that wasted time and
               | effort.
        
               | dazc wrote:
               | I agree with the wasted effort, compounded by having to
               | navigate ailes populated with internet-order-pickers, but
               | it keeps him happy.
        
               | other_herbert wrote:
               | I think most people would call that "the middle of
               | nowhere" or out in the boonies... or it could be a new
               | area that is growing.. 15 miles from groceries is too far
               | to be called a suburb
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > I think most people would call that "the middle of
               | nowhere" or out in the boonies...
               | 
               | Not in the US. In the US "in the middle of nowhere" is
               | grocery runs of 50+ miles. 15 miles is a "far out"
               | suburbian hellscape e.g. https://i1.wp.com/cdn-
               | images-1.medium.com/max/1080/1*AEfVhyv... or
               | https://bostonglobe-
               | prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/h2N-h...
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | Lots. e.g. I took a random Tucson suburb and looked for
               | the closest grocery store: https://www.google.be/maps/dir
               | /32.3863674,-111.0376983/Groce...
               | 
               | Apparently you can't just put a generic "grocery" as the
               | destination, but if you search for "grocery" and check
               | different results, you'll get 10-15mn for all of them.
               | 
               | That's pretty standard US suburban sprawl, usually under
               | the insanity that is euclidean zoning: entire
               | neighbourhoods zoned _exclusively_ for detached single-
               | family homes, not allowing any business (no bakery,
               | grocery store, florist, no nothing) and no multi-family
               | dwellings.
        
               | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
               | Ten minutes away is not ten miles away. In fact, there
               | are multiple grocery stores within 3-4 miles of the
               | location you chose.
               | 
               | https://www.google.be/maps/search/grocery+store/@32.37693
               | 77,...
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | Better transportation also creates trips that would
               | otherwise not exist at all. For example, people go
               | grocery shopping more often and buy less on each trip. Or
               | they decide to go to the office one more time each week
               | instead of working from home.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | One of the better definitions of _sprawl_ that I 've come
               | across: when residential areas are not with-in walking
               | distance+ of commercial areas.
               | 
               | +5-10 minutes (?).
        
               | jellicle wrote:
               | Your little subdivision that replaced a farm should have
               | a commercial center that you can walk to.
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | Of course, it does also mean more people are able to use
             | the road (or canal). So it's not a complete loss, even if
             | it doesn't have the intended effect.
             | 
             | It really comes down to whether you want to encourage or
             | discourage the use of the infrastructure.
        
             | choward wrote:
             | It also encourages people to live further from where they
             | work which also adds to traffic.
        
             | triska wrote:
             | This phenomenon is known as the Jevons paradox, named after
             | British logician, economist and statistician William
             | Stanley Jevons:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox
        
               | dalbasal wrote:
               | Traffic/travel is a relatively special case though... We
               | have a near unlimited ability to consume transport.
               | 
               | If you could get to Japan in 20m, I would probably pop
               | over for lunch right now or Vladivostok for a Sunday
               | stroll.
               | 
               | As transport improves, people work/shop/etc further from
               | home. Commuting range is measured in time, not kms. So,
               | capacity (eg traffic) tends to be the balancing force.
               | 
               | That's more than the typical Jevons Paradox, I think.
        
               | maxsilver wrote:
               | It's more the opposite special case -- we have a _hard
               | cap_ on our ability to consume transport, which is why it
               | 's usually a good idea to build more.
               | 
               | You can own 2, or 20, or 200 houses, and block the usage
               | of them from anyone else. (induced demand with unlimited
               | consumption). You can own 2 or 20 or 200 cars, but you
               | can't physically drive more than one at a time. This is a
               | hard cap on transportation consumption (you can't
               | literally drive two cars at once, you can't be going to
               | two different places at the same time)
               | 
               | This is why the induced demand philosophy doesn't work
               | for cars. Demand for transit has a low hard cap. If your
               | society is broken such that there's lots of latent
               | unserved demand, it will _artificially look_ like there
               | 's induced demand happening near the beginning. But that
               | demand will vanish as soon as you get close to a
               | functional level of capacity.
               | 
               | For a more practical example: If you could get to Japan
               | in 20m, then you might choose to do so, And if you could
               | go to lunch in Japan, you can't also be having lunch in
               | California, which means you can't be waiting in traffic
               | on the Bay Bridge. The induced demand philosophy obsesses
               | over the "downside" of improved transit (that you get to
               | go to cooler places faster and cheaper), but
               | intentionally ignores the upside (that you free up the
               | capacity of whatever you had chosen to do prior, and now
               | no longer do).
        
               | supertrope wrote:
               | More lanes are built. More people move in and select
               | their jobs and housing based on being able to drive
               | between them in 30 min. Congestion returns. Red queen
               | race. We're applying a linear solution to an geometric
               | problem.
               | 
               | The underlying argument behind induced demand is if you
               | spend $XX million USD on widening a highway from 6 lanes
               | to 8 lanes and now capacity has gone up NNNNN people per
               | hour, that can be a worse investment than spending $XX-YY
               | on million commuter buses going down an HOV lane to get
               | the same NNNNN capacity boost, or maybe spend the same
               | amount but get NNNNN+MMMMM boost.
               | 
               | We should optimize for people per hour, not cars per
               | hour.
               | 
               | Work from home gets us another step further: instead of
               | moving office workers bodies downtown so they can sit at
               | a desk, why not eliminate the commute entirely?
        
               | maxsilver wrote:
               | > More people move in and select their jobs and housing
               | based on being able to drive between them in 30 min.
               | 
               | Cool, that means they no longer live in their old city,
               | so the transportation infrastructure of their old city is
               | now freed up. No congestion was created, it just got
               | moved (by place and/or time). No "demand" was "induced".
        
               | dalbasal wrote:
               | Think of travel consumption in terms of kms, not cars,
               | trains or whatnot. Waiting in a traffic jam is not
               | traveling.
               | 
               | You _can_ own 20 houses, not renting them out. People
               | just wouldn 't, because it's pointless. You _could_ also
               | own 97 iphones, or 400 pairs of jeans. Latent demand just
               | that people would buy more if it was cheaper. That 's
               | normal, not broken.
               | 
               | IDk what "artificially look like there's induced demand
               | happening" means. If we _could_ we would travel many more
               | KMs. 1000s of times more, if teleporting existed and made
               | travel instantaneous. The cost of travel, is largely
               | time.
        
               | maxsilver wrote:
               | >IDk what "artificially look like there's induced demand
               | happening" means.
               | 
               | Urbanists sometimes intentionally undercount existing
               | traffic and overcount later traffic, to try to paint
               | public transportation infrastructure in a bad light. "We
               | widened the public transit freeway by an extra lane each
               | way, and now it handles ~33% more people per day. See,
               | freeways _make_ traffic, public transportation is bad "
               | 
               | The public transit freeway in this instance did not make
               | any new traffic. It moved traffic from other sidestreets,
               | and it allowed people who were underserved by transport
               | to finally get served by transport. But nothing new was
               | created here.
               | 
               | It's like saying, "Hospital A has 100 sick patients and
               | is full, but we can't build a new Hospital, because it
               | will make more sick people". And then a new hospital B
               | gets built, and they say, "see, before we had 100
               | patients, now we have 200 sick patients, the new hospital
               | induced more sickness!" But in truth, the Hospital didn't
               | "make" any sickness, it's _treating_ patients that were
               | previously uncounted or not getting treatment they needed
               | -- that 's why we wanted to build a new hospital in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | > If we could we would travel many more KMs. 1000s of
               | times more, if teleporting existed and made travel
               | instantaneous. The cost of travel, is largely time.
               | 
               | Right, and that acts as a hard cap. You can't travel to
               | two places at a time, and you aren't going to want to
               | spend every second of your life traveling somewhere. So,
               | unless you think Winnebago's are going to be a thing
               | everyone lives and works out of 24/7/365, there's a very
               | explicit hard cap on transportation usage.
               | 
               | If you make a teleporter between California and Japan
               | (for example), then an urbanist could paint that as "your
               | teleporter is bad, because it induced demand for trips to
               | Japan". But it didn't -- for every one person in your
               | teleporter, there's one less person on an international
               | flight. Even if your teleporter makes trips to Japan more
               | popular and common (because it's now faster + cheaper to
               | get there), it still doesn't break this hard cap, those
               | trips are disappearing from somewhere else.
               | 
               | I live in Michigan, I would normally never grab lunch in
               | Japan. But if I leave to go to Japan for lunch (using
               | your new teleporter), then I can't be driving on US-131
               | to pick up lunch back at home (a totally normal thing I
               | would do today). I'm not going to suddenly eat 2 lunches
               | just because your teleporter exists, so even though
               | someone would argue you have "induced demand" for trips
               | to Japan, you haven't really done so, you've just taken
               | other trips and converted them.
               | 
               | The only way "induced demand" will ever apply to cars, is
               | if that hard cap is broken somehow. Driverless cars, for
               | example, could actually induce demand, since a car no
               | longer has to have a person in it to take up traffic
               | space, and plenty of people would send driverless cars
               | around, there's no longer a natural hard cap on transit
               | usage.
        
               | dalbasal wrote:
               | If you go to Japan for lunch, you are traveling more.
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | > Right, and that acts as a hard cap. You can't travel to
               | two places at a time, and you aren't going to want to
               | spend every second of your life traveling somewhere. So,
               | unless you think Winnebago's are going to be a thing
               | everyone lives and works out of 24/7/365, there's a very
               | explicit hard cap on transportation usage.
               | 
               | This is why autonomous vehicles are concerning. It's
               | going to become possible to consume a lot more
               | transportation without using your own time. (Think: empty
               | vehicles driving around rather than being parked, or
               | empty autonomous taxis just driving around.)
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I doubt we could build enough capacity for all cars to be
               | on the road at once, which seems to be where the hard cap
               | would kick in.
        
               | Tomte wrote:
               | For traffic you've got the even more interesting Braess's
               | Paradox: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braess%27s_paradox
        
           | hdjfntnrn wrote:
           | That's like saying that building houses doesn't solve the
           | housing crisis because they are immediately bought.
           | 
           | Are you suggesting that Istanbul or London would be just fine
           | with a single bridge?
        
             | burlesona wrote:
             | It depends on what you want to optimize. Usually cities
             | build new roads hoping to eliminate traffic jams, but city
             | after city has found that there is essentially infinite
             | demand for free car lanes in urban areas. There are only
             | two things that can fix traffic congestion:
             | 
             | 1. You can demolish large chunks of the city so that fewer
             | people have a reason to visit, and spread development
             | paper-thin over a wide area so that it stays beneath the
             | incredibly low density threshold that causes car
             | congestion. This is the approach taken by most US cities
             | after WW2, however it has only worked in cities that have
             | gone into economic decline because the places with
             | meaningful growth consistently fill in more densely than
             | cars can accommodate even with half the old downtown
             | reduced to parking lots and strict zoning laws etc.
             | 
             | 2. You can charge for the roads. Congestion pricing deters
             | people who don't really _need_ to drive at a particular
             | place and time from doing so, and thus allows the roads to
             | flow freely even in urban centers. Surprisingly, it doesn't
             | take a huge toll to eliminate rush hour, as (1) the tipping
             | point for traffic congestion is roughly the last 10% of
             | cars that can fit on the road, and (2) it turns out that
             | there's a _lot_ of low-value driving on the margin which
             | simply stops when there's a price attached to it.
             | 
             | The smart option is #2.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Option 3: Plan your city so that average trip lengths are
               | too short to make cars the best choice.
               | 
               | Option 4: Build excellent public transport so that cars
               | are not the best choice.
        
               | burlesona wrote:
               | Option #3 is, in my opinion, a pipe dream. I say this
               | because in years of studying this topic (first
               | professionally, now avocationally), I have yet to see a
               | newly built urban area of any meaningful size where life
               | happened primarily within walk-shed rather than a car-
               | shed. The genie is out of the bottle, people want cars,
               | and the only way to have an urban environment where they
               | aren't helpful is to have an urban environment where they
               | aren't _allowed._ this speaks to the utility that cars
               | offer. What _has_ worked is _limiting_ cars, and this is
               | especially effective in pre-car cities such as the urban
               | centers of Europe.
               | 
               | Option 4 is also very difficult to achieve. Even Tokyo,
               | with its legendary transit coverage, also has a ton of
               | car traffic. What is much easier is to recognize that if
               | everyone plows into their car for every trip we'll all be
               | stuck in gridlock, then put congestion charges in place
               | so that everyone who can feasibly get their trip
               | accomplished without driving is incentivized to do so,
               | and the trips that really require a car are able to pay
               | the fee and then have a nice trip quality.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | I don't think cars can be completely eliminated from
               | cities, but I'm reasonably sure that we can remove at
               | least 2/3rds of the car traffic by a combination of
               | better urban planning, and better public transport. I
               | don't think you have to restrict yourself to walkable
               | distances. Ten minutes on a bike allows you to go several
               | kilometers. I bet I can reach a quarter of my city in
               | less than 15 minutes. If we make cycling safe and
               | comfortable, that alone can eliminate a lot of traffic.
               | Add in good public transport for trips that are longer
               | than a few kilometers, and another big chunk of car
               | traffic becomes unnecessary.
               | 
               | I lived a few months in Tokyo, without a car of course,
               | and got by very well with a shitty mamachari and the
               | subway. I wonder what the modal split in Tokyo is like,
               | compared to other cities. I bet most person kilometers
               | are met by trains and subways.
        
               | Dah00n wrote:
               | >then put congestion charges in place
               | 
               | That's less about removing congestion and more about
               | clearing the roads of poor people to make room for
               | everyone else unless you pay road toll as a % of income
               | and assets.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | And since traffic congestion is essentially constant, you
               | can also reduce the available car lanes and replace them
               | with other denser modes of transport (public transport,
               | protected bike lanes, ...). It won't make congestion
               | _worse_ , as the increased inconvenience... will simply
               | make less users drive.
               | 
               | It becomes more important to reserve "transfer nodes"
               | (especially at the edges) where drivers can drop their
               | car and hop on other transport modes though. That is
               | something which is often lacking.
        
               | MereInterest wrote:
               | For option #2, do metered highway entrances provide a
               | similar effect? On the one hand, the goal is to prevent
               | that last 10% of cars from being able to enter the
               | highway during peak hours. But on the other hand, unlike
               | tolls, it isn't known until you reach a highway entrance
               | whether they'll be present, so they wouldn't impact trip
               | planning as much. So I could see it going either way.
        
               | drewmate wrote:
               | I think that metered entrances don't necessarily reduce
               | the number of cars on the freeway, for exactly the reason
               | you mentioned. Instead, it is designed to break up
               | 'platoons' of cars from trying to merge in at the same
               | time which cause ripple braking effects and traffic jams.
               | The net result of meters is squeezing more cars at the
               | same speed and maximizing flow rate of traffic.
               | 
               | So you wait a little bit at the meter but your (and
               | everyone else's) overall travel time is actually faster.
               | I recommend this YouTube video (and the whole channel)
               | for great explanations of the traffic dynamics.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30uzZRSVxXQ
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Metered entrances help a bit (I've seen the difference in
               | traffic when they went from being installed to operaring
               | in santa clara county), but you would have to run them
               | very aggressively (long cycles) to eliminate congestion,
               | and people would not be happy to wait for that long.
               | 
               | When the line from the meters spills onto the adjancement
               | roadway, some people will take alternate routes, but
               | mostly people want to get onto the freeway because it's
               | the best route, even if it's congested.
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | >That's like saying that building houses doesn't solve the
             | housing crisis because they are immediately bought.
             | 
             | Makes sense. London is blessed with apparently empty high
             | rise apartment blocks. 'Investment' flats, bought by
             | foreign owners, who haven't seen their places and have no
             | interest in them. It's just a safe place to store their
             | wealth and they don't care if they screw up everyone who's
             | actually trying to buy a home. Tax empty homes, should help
             | things a lot.
             | 
             | Now, my idea to solve congestion is a bit different. For
             | useless, bloated big SUV's, place restrictions and taxes on
             | exterior options like alloys and paints. Incentivise
             | smaller cars. That should help congestion a bit. And is it
             | just me or are even supposed minis absurdly bloated and
             | elongated these days?
        
               | iso1210 wrote:
               | How would taxing a particular paint effect congestion?
        
               | FridayoLeary wrote:
               | It's an accumulation of small things. Forcing blander
               | paint colours and less 'bling' in general on over-sized
               | cars, will disencourage unnecessary purchases. Instead of
               | looking to go flashy with a huge Mercedes G-wagen, people
               | will look at smaller cars. Smaller cars may partially
               | help with congestion. At the minimum, they pollute less.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | > That's like saying that building houses doesn't solve the
             | housing crisis because they are immediately bought.
             | 
             | I'm not sure Jevon's paradox applies to houses, whereas it
             | absolutely applies to car traffic.
        
               | hdjfntnrn wrote:
               | Like it or not, that increased car traffic delivers more
               | utility.
               | 
               | You can't have a car free metropolis. That's a
               | contradiction.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > Like it or not, that increased car traffic delivers
               | more utility.
               | 
               | It rarely delivers enough utility to even compensate for
               | it costs.
               | 
               | > You can't have a car free metropolis. That's a
               | contradiction.
               | 
               | It's absolutely not, your assertion is outright
               | nonsensical.
               | 
               | Car-centricity is by far the worst way to build a
               | metropolis.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | "Car free" is one of several ways to not be "car-
               | centric", but not the only way. I believe it's possible
               | to make a car-free metropolis, but I don't know if any
               | (modern) metropolis demonstrates this.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | Sure but I'm not the one which set up this straw man
               | dichotomy and saw no reason to care for or acknowledge
               | it.
        
               | tux3 wrote:
               | Paris is certainly trying. The idea that you need a car
               | to move around a city is probably cultural.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | Paris is hardly the only city doing that either, and far
               | from the first.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | While a fair bit smaller, Amsterdam is probably a better
               | example here (and it helps that they got started in the
               | 90s).
               | 
               | And as points of difference (aside from size), Amsterdam
               | has a much smaller metro network, but a larger tram
               | network (Paris completely shut down its tram system in
               | the late 30s and has been rebuilding it since the 90s,
               | whereas Amsterdam's tram network was never completely
               | shut down, and while a number of Amsterdam's tram lines
               | were switched over to buses in the 40s and early 50s,
               | trams got repopularized very quickly, as soon as the late
               | 50s).
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | You can't have a car-free metropolis, but you sure can
               | have a metropolis where cars are used by much, much fewer
               | people than is typical today.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | The utility vehicles, buses, delivery of goods to stores
               | etc are percentage of overall vehicles on the road and
               | require little infrastructure compared to using cars as
               | main individual mode of transportation.
        
               | MaxBarraclough wrote:
               | See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braess's_paradox
               | 
               | > _adding one or more roads to a road network can slow
               | down overall traffic flow through it._
        
             | hn8788 wrote:
             | Oh look, a 5 minute old account created just to be
             | argumentative.
        
         | toyg wrote:
         | Yeah, that's the problem. Realistically, the only solution is
         | Suez and Panama agreeing on a common size, which would become
         | the de-facto upper size for shipping boats, and then implement
         | it. It could even be smaller than what they have at the moment,
         | the important part is that it's common so the straits can be
         | managed consistently and safely.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | How would Panama canal profile have played into the Ever
           | Given incident? It's not like it happened because someone
           | accidentally drove a Panamax into Suez due to confusing
           | continents. (Suezmax is bigger anyways)
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | It's more that it would help the industry standardize on
             | one size, which meant facilities in all places could also
             | standardize and ensure edge cases are properly taken care
             | of. The current status quo is "we have a strait, and the
             | biggest boat you can squeeze into that _should_ be able to
             | pass through"; a standardized approach would be "if you
             | build a boat X by Y, we _guarantee_ it will go through -
             | because we can basically put it _on rails_ once you get
             | here". It's a bit like they did with containers: from
             | "build the biggest box we can fit on a ship" to "build the
             | box that ships can guarantee will be optimally treated".
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | The whole shipping facilities industry is being pushed by the
           | shipping companies to widen/deepen canals and ports. It's a
           | bit of a rat race.
           | 
           | But as the Evergiven incident has shown, it has a limit. We
           | were lucky it didn't get stuck worse than it has.
        
             | hdjfntnrn wrote:
             | > _We were lucky it didn 't get stuck worse than it has_
             | 
             | At some point it makes sense to just blow up the ship to
             | free the channel.
        
               | joshuahedlund wrote:
               | Real life is not like video games. Blowing something up
               | doesn't make it disappear; it could actually spread
               | debris chunks everywhere and (in addition to the
               | collateral damage factor) make the problem worse
        
               | Kye wrote:
               | People just don't get the scale of things like this, do
               | they? Ever Given is taller than the canal is deep when
               | _empty_. Blow it to bits and you 'll get some bits that
               | are at least as deep as the canal.
        
               | Digit-Al wrote:
               | I am genuinely interested in learning how you think that
               | could possibly be workable. The reason I ask is that I am
               | not particularly knowledgeable about either explosives or
               | the canal but I can instantly envision a number of
               | reasons why such a course of action would be completely
               | unworkable.
               | 
               | I think it's always interesting to get another
               | perspective and I am somewhat disappointed that people
               | have downvoted you without even wanting to hear your
               | reasons. Such conversations are always an opportunity to
               | either learn or to teach for those that are open to it.
        
               | hdjfntnrn wrote:
               | Instead of actually thinking about how that could be
               | done, people jump at the lowest hanging fruit to dismiss
               | a thing.
               | 
               | Imagine I said "just blow up a building to get rid of
               | it", and people will diss it the same, without thinking
               | that there may actually be a way (controlled demolition).
        
               | MauranKilom wrote:
               | I think part of it may be that it's a new account, using
               | a gibberish name. That's not a good prior for "will be an
               | interesting discussion to engage in" when the comment is
               | also missing some fairly obvious step in the thought
               | process.
        
         | dale_glass wrote:
         | There are practical limits to how big a ship can be. Apparently
         | they're already about as long as steel can take, so they're
         | getting wider instead.
         | 
         | So for the Suez that'd mean there shouldn't be any danger of
         | that happening. The EverGiven was stuck length-wise, and if
         | they're not getting longer then at worst they can become
         | square, which is probably not the right shape for a ship.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > There are practical limits to how big a ship can be.
           | 
           | The limits are way beyond what's at issue here. There are
           | lots of ships which are already too big to go through the
           | Suez canal.
           | 
           | Canals tend to limit dimensions based on:
           | 
           | * the canal width (limits beam)
           | 
           | * the canal curves (limits beam and length)
           | 
           | * the canal depth (limits draft)
           | 
           | * locks (limits length)
           | 
           | * bridges over the canal (limits height)
           | 
           | "Capesize" is the general category of ships which can't go
           | through the Suez or Panama canals[0], and must therefore go
           | around Cape Agulhas and / or Cape Horn.
           | 
           | [0] although with the deepening of the Suez canal it's now
           | possible for many capesize to go through Suez, just not
           | Panama.
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | why does that now make think of spherical cows? :-)
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Apparently they're already about as long as steel can take,
           | so they're getting wider instead.
           | 
           | How does a ship being longer cause stress on the steel?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Out on the ocean there are waves - if the ship is between
             | two of them it acts like a bridge and the steel has to
             | support the weight or snap in two.
        
               | patentatt wrote:
               | Random thought: Why don't we see things like ship trains?
               | With many linked smaller hulls being pulled by a single
               | tug. Or something to that effect. Seems like a solution
               | to that phenomenon.
        
               | m4rtink wrote:
               | River barges basically work this way, likely mainly due
               | to tighter curves on rivers and inland canals.
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | I would think (i.e. pure conjecture) that it's about
               | economies of scale. Making enough smaller ships to make
               | trains will costs more steel. Making a train that fills
               | up a similar area in the ocean reduces the available
               | storage per shipment.
               | 
               | Follow this thought to "let's just make these trains as
               | long as possible." You can imagine some wild
               | consequences, both positive and negative.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | We do, I have seen three or four smaller hulls. On river
        
               | icegreentea2 wrote:
               | Steering would be painful. Trains work particularly great
               | because of the tracks.
               | 
               | Also, drag on a hull is such that longer hulls tend to be
               | more efficient.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | Would you need to do much tricky steering outside of
               | getting in/put of ports? At ports, even ships themselves
               | are often pulled by tugs because of the difficulty of
               | manoeuvring in such a small and busy space.
        
               | PoignardAzur wrote:
               | At that point you might as well make multiple ships.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | Surely it's a _lot_ easier and less expensive to build an
               | engineless, ship  "trailer" than a self-propelled ship
               | with an engine, fuel tanks, propellers, a generator etc?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The ships are already at the maximum efficiency size
               | given their engines, so to pull a similar sized ship
               | they'd have to add an engine to the first one, in which
               | case why not add it to the second and have two ships?
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | Could they be pulled by multiple small tugs instead? (no
               | idea if that's feasible on the open seas!)
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | But there's an obvious solution to that: more steel.
               | 
               | Still, a far more effective solution would be increase
               | width and draught likewise to reach your target volume.
               | And that's where we're back at ${canal}max classes (locks
               | also impose a length limit but I'd assume that those are
               | much easier to adapt than width/depth).
               | 
               | If Suez Canal authorities are serious about trying to
               | prevent future Ever Given incidents (how serious they are
               | likely depends on the exact outcome of the ongoing
               | liability fights) they should keep some parts of the
               | canal at the existing profile (locks perhaps?) to prevent
               | suezmax 2.0 (or whatever their current version+1 is)
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | More steel/thicker/different steel is expensive, as is
               | say some other material like carbon fiber composites .
               | 
               | We could make a much bigger , lighter efficient ship with
               | carbon fiber entirely, however there is no economic
               | incentive to spend 100x on the ship, fuel costs and
               | economies of scale rtc don't help recover that capital
               | cost
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | > More steel/thicker/different steel is expensive
               | 
               | Expensive would be OK, of course a bigger ship costs more
               | to build than a small one, but you hope to make the
               | investment back by carrying more cargo and additionally
               | benefit from some economies of scale.
               | 
               | However, the biggest ships we have are at the limit of
               | how thick we can join steel plates with current welding
               | technologies. So there's some non-linearity here.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | Yeah, it is ecosystem of changes, you need bigger docks ,
               | shipyards and canals in conjunction with the technology
               | improvements.
               | 
               | The costs of all of it needs to be economically feasible
               | even if the technology is there, I don't think welding is
               | only reason we have been limited in the size
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | You can see the practical limit in the ships designed to
               | go directly from China - Los Angeles - as it's just open
               | sea.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | Those ships still have to enter the harbor and then have
               | to be unloaded. The _Benjamin Franklin_ has a 52 foot
               | draft and stacks containers 10 high [1]. That means
               | deeper dredging and bigger cranes. She called on LA,
               | Oakland and Seattle but now transits from Asia to Europe
               | via the Suez Canal.
               | 
               | Who pays for this dredging and these cranes? The
               | localities. It's difficult to defray these costs with
               | shipping fees. American President Lines pulled their
               | headquarters from Oakland to Phoenix when Oakland did
               | that. [2]
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMA_CGM_Benjamin_Franklin
               | 
               | [2] https://www.prlog.org/10551489-apl-phoenix-
               | headquarters-relo...
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | No doubt those waters are ideal given the high traffic
               | and limited geographic barriers, even these however ships
               | would still need to dock in LA.
               | 
               | I am not saying the limit doesn't play a major role, I am
               | saying if it's was the main bottleneck there would be a
               | lot of r&d in solving it, solving it would certainly
               | help, but the economics and other limitations mean
               | solving welding won't mean a revolutionary change to ship
               | sizes
        
               | cobbal wrote:
               | Eventually, a long enough ship should be supported by 3
               | or more waves at the same time, assuming waves have some
               | sort of maximum wavelength. (Disclaimer: no idea what I'm
               | talking about)
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | Ships don't always float on mirror flat oceans. Waves wave
             | around them which can create more buoyant force one the
             | ends than at the middle. This makes the middle "sag down"
             | and the structure of the ship has to be strong enough to
             | take the associated tension and compression. It can also
             | happen that there is more buoyant force at the middle
             | forcing it up while the ends are somewhat less supported.
             | (Also known as "hogging".)
             | 
             | The longer the ship is the stronger these forces can be.
        
             | atatatat wrote:
             | Leverage, concisely.
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | There's an extremely easy solution to this - just don't
         | increase the width of the entry and exit points.
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | that doesn't help. the problem was the length of the ship,
           | not its width. a narrow entry point does not limit the
           | length.
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | But physics already limit the length of the ship, no? You
             | can't make the current container ships any longer without
             | also making them wider, so if you restrict the width you
             | are also kind of restricting the length, at least with
             | current technology.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | I assume they'll widen the parts of the canal that are easy
         | (long stretches with either no or minimal reinforcement of the
         | banks) and leave stuff like the locks themselves alone as I
         | doubt their easy to widen at all.
        
           | Denvercoder9 wrote:
           | The Suez canal does not have locks.
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | So it doesn't!
             | 
             | Then I'll refine my statement to bridges and such.
        
       | egeozcan wrote:
       | It would have been nice to have some insight into how they think
       | 40m (131 feet) would be enough. "In the hopes of avoiding a
       | repeat" doesn't sound too confident.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | That's what I wondered. Presumably it just means the ship can
         | be even more off course / incorrectly aligned to the channel
         | before it crashes?
         | 
         | Edit: maybe there is a curve in the canal and the radius of the
         | curve limits the length of ship for a given width. Widening it
         | at the curve would let you build longer...
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | > It would have been nice to have some insight into how they
         | think 40m (131 feet) would be enough.
         | 
         | It's probably what they think is achievable at acceptable
         | costs. SUEZMAX is 400m long, but there's no way they can
         | increase the canal width to 400m (at depth) to ensure no ship
         | ever touches both banks at once. The minimum width is currently
         | 205m at 11m deep (and the bank slope is 1:3 to 1:4 so a surface
         | width of at least 270m), the work to double that would be
         | insane.
        
       | Stevvo wrote:
       | _Ever Given_ is still stuck in the canal, because the ship is
       | being held at ransom.
       | 
       | They are asking nearly a billion dollars to unstick it... doesn't
       | matter how wide you make the canal when it's a cesspit of
       | corruption.
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | Very bottom of the article says:
         | 
         | << A few days after the Ever Given was dislodged, the SCA
         | impounded the ship and its cargo and lodged a compensation
         | claim of $916 million.
         | 
         | The canal authority since reduced the claims to $600 million.
         | However, the insurer of the vessel said this amount is still
         | too high. >>
         | 
         | Not billions. Also, what do you mean by "cesspit of
         | corruption"?
        
       | ClearAndPresent wrote:
       | Let's hope they don't plan to widen it with nukes...
       | 
       | https://www.businessinsider.com/us-planned-suez-canal-altern...
        
         | HenryKissinger wrote:
         | It would take hundreds of nuclear weapons, given the length of
         | the Suez canal.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | What about dragging out lines with acid similarly to how
           | napalm is spread out in a line?
           | 
           | Otherwise carpet-bomb with nuclear warheads should do the
           | trick as well.
        
         | medstrom wrote:
         | Sorry, but why not?
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | People generally dislike it when other people release large
           | amounts of radioactivity into the environment.
        
       | morelisp wrote:
       | When your program OOMs, you have three options:
       | 
       | - You can reduce the program's memory usage, or increase the
       | program's / system's alloted memory. But there's usually some
       | hard limit to this - if you've got 100GB of data, you've got
       | 100GB if data, and if you've got a non-distributed problem you'll
       | eventually run out of RAM slots. Plus you usually just get
       | induced demand when a customer shows up the next day with 200GB
       | data.
       | 
       | - You can make the program handle the too-large-data case better.
       | This requires deeper systemic changes usually across multiple
       | components (the program, your monitoring and error reporting,
       | upstream and downstream integrations). But this also tends to
       | have knock-on improvements across the system. And a lot of times
       | it's cheaper than the first option when you compare total rather
       | than marginal cost.
       | 
       | Or to be more direct: Why fuss over 131x10 feet and not the fact
       | your only recovery plan is one excavator and a handful of
       | tugboats?
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | > When your program OOMs, you have three options:
         | 
         | The issue with your analogy is that here the "program" did not
         | OOM as part of normal operations, instead it OOM'd because of a
         | rare condition you can't really avoid (even calling it a bug is
         | debatable, as a bug implies misbehaviour in the canal).
         | 
         | In that case, increasing your safety buffer so you can recover
         | before swapping to death or the OOM killer -9-ing programs left
         | and right is a good idea.
         | 
         | > - You can make the program handle the too-large-data case
         | better. This requires deeper systemic changes usually across
         | multiple components (the program, your monitoring and error
         | reporting, upstream and downstream integrations). But this also
         | tends to have knock-on improvements across the system.
         | 
         | How would you make "the program" handle "the too-large case
         | better" exactly? As in, how would the canal handle a ship
         | getting stuck sideways after having lost propulsion save by
         | _being wider than the ship can be long_?
         | 
         | > And a lot of times it's cheaper than the first option when
         | you compare total rather than marginal cost.
         | 
         | We're talking about a 200km canal.
         | 
         | > Why fuss over 131x10 feet and not the fact your only recovery
         | plan is one excavator and a handful of tugboats?
         | 
         | Maybe they're working on both but increasing the canal width to
         | provide more buffer in case of rare issues is a much more
         | complicated and thus interesting thing, and thus gets more
         | visibility?
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | > _Or to be more direct: Why fuss over 131x10 feet and not the
         | fact your only recovery plan is one excavator and a handful of
         | tugboats?_
         | 
         | One should identify both corrective measures and preventive
         | measures in equal measure.
        
           | morelisp wrote:
           | As long as people are heavily incentivized to build boats to
           | exactly the size of the canal (i.e. as long as international
           | shipping exists) the measure isn't actually preventative.
        
             | aliceryhl wrote:
             | Regarding this, see this other comment:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27173290
        
         | dale_glass wrote:
         | It's kind of a tricky problem. If something needs such help
         | once in a decade, how do you deal with it? It may make no
         | economical sense to build infrastructure to deal with a very
         | rare problem, when it may be cheaper long term just to
         | laboriously dig the ship out, even if it looks embarrassing.
         | 
         | Also it seems like a win-win approach: harder for ships to get
         | stuck, and room for more traffic.
        
       | danaos wrote:
       | Too many invasive species flocked in the Mediterranean through
       | the Canal. Widening the Canal will only be making the problem
       | worse. Extensive care needs to be taken so as to stop new ones.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea#Invasive_spe...
        
         | viztor wrote:
         | That's an entirely different subject isn't it? I don't see how
         | a widen canal would worsen the problem as long as the demand
         | for cross-continental transport persist.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Not at all. The invasive species in question are salt-water
           | animals that traveled through the canal. If there are no
           | controls in place, a wider canal means a larger volume of
           | water flowing toward the Mediterranean, which means more
           | opportunity for invasive species to find their way through.
           | From the Wikipedia article linked:
           | 
           | > A first look at some groups of exotic species shows that
           | more than 70% of the non-indigenous decapods and about 63% of
           | the exotic fishes occurring in the Mediterranean are of Indo-
           | Pacific origin, introduced into the Mediterranean through the
           | Suez Canal. This makes the Canal the first pathway of arrival
           | of alien species into the Mediterranean.
        
             | Someone1234 wrote:
             | I don't even understand what "controls" means here? Are you
             | talking about turning the Suez Canal into a filtered lock
             | system able to hold Suezmax class ships (160,000 DWT)?
             | Wouldn't the massive energy usage by pumping/filtering that
             | much water (and the usage by the ship's idle engines while
             | they wait) do more environmental damage than the invasive
             | species?
        
               | istjohn wrote:
               | We use electrified barriers to prevent Asian carp spread
               | in the Great Lakes region [0]. I'm not sure of the
               | practicality of something similar in a saltwater canal.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/24/asian-
               | carp-gre...
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | What about a gillnet?
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | I was thinking of a filtered lock system, and you're
               | right that that's impractical for the Suez.
        
               | PoignardAzur wrote:
               | Obviously the correct engineering solution is underwater
               | laser turrets. Mounted on sharks.
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | This ship has sailed long time ago.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lessepsian_migrant_spe...
         | 
         |  _Wider_ could have a major effect on terrestrial non flying
         | mammals but zero effect on aquatic animals (except maybe for
         | the biggest whales). Deeper yes, would made a difference for
         | aquatic species.
         | 
         | Maybe would be a good chance to made two roads separated by a
         | chain of islands instead. More expensive but not without extra
         | benefits. By the way reduces the ever present risk of too long
         | ships. With two isolated lanes you can rely always in the other
         | to keep the road opened.
         | 
         | Those chain of islands in the middle could easily hold
         | infrastructures or attract tourism. And would be a great
         | opportunity to became a sanctuary for migrant birds and fishes
         | without blocking so much the migrant mammals.
         | 
         | And if in the future they need to wide even the channel they
         | could just keep the old docks and remove one island in
         | strategic points to connect both lanes and make space.
         | 
         | And could be done in several steps without blocking the
         | activity or income in the old channel.
        
       | zmix wrote:
       | This shows, that it should have been done already before. And
       | that Egypt should not ask punitive payments from the ships
       | owners.
        
       | bombcar wrote:
       | I wonder if making it wider would just allow a ship to get more
       | perfectly wedged sideways.
       | 
       | Or maybe the idea is to leave something for it to ground on
       | that's easily removable.
        
       | kodisha wrote:
       | [translation] Suez Canal will be widened by 40m feet to avoid a
       | repeat of the Ever Given chaos
       | 
       | /s
        
       | stephenr wrote:
       | The article claims it'll be deepened by 10 feet in a subheading
       | but then says 10 meters in the body.
       | 
       | That's a heck of a difference.
        
       | voisin wrote:
       | This happened once and caused a loss for a week or dia nd now
       | they'll spend billions to widen and deepen 18 miles of canal?
       | Doesn't this seem like a massive overreaction?
        
         | rsj_hn wrote:
         | The canal undergoes improvements often, being last widened in
         | 2014 and it will be widened again the future. The latest
         | incident helped spur the current widening, but it would have
         | happened anyway. The issue is the canal is too narrow for the
         | largest of modern ships, which are much more massive than what
         | the canal was originaly designed for back in the 1850s, thus it
         | has gone through widenings and other improvements to support
         | modern shipping and this process will continue.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | throwaway09223 wrote:
         | The canal has been continually widened over time. This may not
         | be entirely reactionary.
        
         | smnrchrds wrote:
         | The obstruction was resolved in one week because of the spring
         | high tide. Had this happened another time of the year, it could
         | have taken much longer than a week to remove the obstruction.
         | 
         | https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a359688...
        
           | blendergeek wrote:
           | A 'spring tide' refers to the high tide at the full moon or
           | new moon and does not refer to high tide in the spring time.
           | A spring tide happens when the sun, moon, and earth are in a
           | line. It is to be contrasted with a 'neap tide' at the
           | quarter moons when the sun, moon, and earth make a right
           | angle.
           | 
           | https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/springtide.html
        
             | smnrchrds wrote:
             | TIL. Thanks. So it's a phenomenon that occurs twice per
             | month. That's not bad at all.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | In fact, the average time you'd have to wait for it is...
               | a week.
        
               | lttlrck wrote:
               | not something you'd want to rely on though - the
               | obstruction could happen _at_ high tide.
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | The next one might be a lot harder to clear, and Egypt is
         | completely fucked without the Suez Canal.
        
         | dtech wrote:
         | widening the canal has numerous benefits. Eyeballing it I think
         | they chose this size so the current largest ships allowed
         | (Suezmax) can pass each other with the additional width,
         | allowing for 2-way traffic.
         | 
         | The accident is probably just a nice catalyst or PR move.
        
         | x0x0 wrote:
         | It feels like an admission that the ships are too big for the
         | current canal. You can read elsewhere about some ugly
         | hydrodynamics of vessels that size if they get close to a canal
         | wall.
         | 
         | Here's an expert whose discussion is very interesting
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZ14E289jvw
         | 
         | Also, the canal generates critical foreign dollars for Egypt.
         | They're probably slightly panicked about the proposed Israeli
         | canal, particularly as transit companies are (one would
         | assume!) much more open to alternatives.
        
       | emmap21 wrote:
       | Just watch a movie and wonder if Ever Given is big enough to ship
       | Kong to Antarctica.
        
       | quadrangle wrote:
       | INDUCED DEMAND!
       | 
       | (saw references in comments, but c'mon, this needs to be a top-
       | level comment, this is totally obvious)
        
       | newsclues wrote:
       | Why not twin it for redundancy rather than widen it?
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | Parts of it already are two channel. The parts which are single
         | lane allow only transit in one direction at a time currently,
         | so twining it will not solve the current problem.
         | 
         | It is also likely cheaper to widen than dig a while new canal.
         | They will revise prices for wider ships to justify the expense
         | of the widening project. There is not enough transit traffic to
         | recover a full two lane system today.
        
           | tomtomtom777 wrote:
           | > The parts which are single lane allow only transit in one
           | direction at a time currently, so twining it will not solve
           | the current problem.
           | 
           | If there are two directional channels you have the option to
           | use the other for both directions when one channel is
           | blocked.
        
             | corobo wrote:
             | Well apparently it's been blocked five times since it
             | opened in 1869 so that might be a bit of a premature
             | optimisation.
        
       | metters wrote:
       | 131 feet are 40 meters
        
         | hutrdvnj wrote:
         | I don't understand why they are still using feet. I mean it's
         | not a local US newspaper, isn't it.
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | Could be because the marine and flight "industries" still use
           | imperial?
           | 
           | Feet, knots, miles etc are still used for boats and anything
           | that flies.
        
             | kungito wrote:
             | Not in Europe where Im from
        
               | dogma1138 wrote:
               | I'm also from Europe and i haven't seen metric used for
               | maritime or aircraft industries these are governed by
               | intentional conventions.
               | 
               | Edit: I just checked even the French ship registration
               | forms have tonnage in long tons (imperial) and boat
               | dimensions in feet...
        
             | svara wrote:
             | Knots and (nautical) miles aren't imperial. They're useful
             | for navigation because a nautical mile is exactly the
             | length of a meridian arcminute, and a knot is one nautical
             | mile per hour. Makes these units easy to use on nautical
             | charts.
        
             | Gwypaas wrote:
             | No, they don't use imperial. The mile you are talking about
             | is the Nautical Mile[0] which is the consequence of having
             | 90 degrees between the equator and the pole, then splitting
             | each of those into 1/60[1] (also called a minute), which
             | although arbitrary complements the base of degree based
             | measurements. Today the nautical mile is defined as 1852
             | meters compared to 1,609.344 for the mile.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile
             | 
             | [1]: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Na
             | utic_m...
        
               | dogma1138 wrote:
               | Yes I understand how the nautical mile works, the point
               | was still that it's not metric. Altitude and physical
               | length units are still in feet tho, same goes for weight
               | which is in long tonnes.
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | > Altitude and physical length units are still in feet
               | tho, same goes for weight which is in long tonnes.
               | 
               | The article on suezmax[1] uses metric as the primary
               | units, even in images/charts. The article on deadweight
               | [2] explains that long tonnes were used historically but
               | now metric tonnes are used. I don't know much about the
               | units used for altitude in shipping
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezmax
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage
        
               | hutrdvnj wrote:
               | Ah okay, so it is not a imperial feet/mile, but a nautic
               | feet/mile. Okay, that makes sense then.
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | To speculatively answer your original question about why
               | Business Insider reported the plans in US Customary
               | units: It's an American media company. Albeit owned by a
               | German publishing house. And the article was authored by
               | someone out of London (where imperial units are still
               | used commonly).
               | 
               | But if you check other sources on the same news (eg
               | Chinese state media company Xinhua [1] used only metric,
               | or the Russian state-owned RT [2] uses only metric, while
               | the Canada-based Reuters [3] uses a bizarre mix of only-
               | metric, only-imperial, and both) - They're all writing
               | for their target audience. Without watching the original
               | TV address, I couldn't say which was originally used.
               | 
               | [1] http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-05/16/c_
               | 1399483...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.rt.com/news/523483-suez-canal-expand-
               | southern-st...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.reuters.com/world/suez-canal-chief-says-
               | southern...
        
           | dazc wrote:
           | In the UK, we went 'metric' in 1965. Feet and inches, Mph,
           | etc are still very much in common useage though.
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | They have repeatedly widened it since it was built to accomodate
       | larger ships.
        
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