[HN Gopher] Brain size drives differences in yawn duration acros...
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       Brain size drives differences in yawn duration across mammals and
       birds
        
       Author : vnglst
       Score  : 130 points
       Date   : 2021-05-16 06:36 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | The_rationalist wrote:
       | Why is yawning highly correlated with fatigue then?
       | 
       | Why is yawning socially contagious?
       | 
       | Can't the thermal hypothesis be measured in lab?
       | 
       | The brain size correlation has a co-founder variable: Lung
       | size/capacitance.
        
       | kburman wrote:
       | Doesn't explain why yawn is contagious
        
         | csunbird wrote:
         | The word "yawn" triggered me and now I am yawning constantly.
        
       | da39a3ee wrote:
       | I find it a bit sad that whimsical/mundane science
       | interests/amuses people. It's also sad that educationalists
       | mandate that science taught in schools should be "relevant to
       | students' lives". So a bunch of apes on a vegetated rock hurtling
       | through space learn how to read the nutritional info on the back
       | of cereal boxes instead of thinking about the genesis of time,
       | matter, energy, information, and life from fucking nothing.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Ig-nobel worthy??
        
       | jerrysievert wrote:
       | now explain why when you see a cat yawn, you have a compulsion to
       | say "big yawn!"
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
       | Drives? Correlates! "Scientists" are literally brain dead.
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | But how long are their yawns?
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | The model hardly predicts anything, or then the data is super
       | noisy. It's not very convincing to express things with certainty
       | when your model hardly fits the data.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Our species-level measures of average brain mass, body mass,
         | total neuron count, and cortical and pallium neuron counts were
         | highly skewed. We therefore log-transformed these measures
         | prior to statistical analysis.
         | 
         | Most of the yawns were collected in non-controlled conditions,
         | and then the rest of the data is completely junk, so this whole
         | paper is garbage.
        
       | kruxigt wrote:
       | Why do we need to cool our brains when we are tired and not for
       | example when we are exercising or thinking hard or in a hot
       | environment?
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | My totally made up guess is when we sleep our brains operate at
         | a lower temperature than awake, regardless of activity. So to
         | quickly transition from waking temperature to sleeping
         | temperature, maybe yawning does a rapid cooling that's then
         | maintained by normal slower-acting processes.
        
         | op00to wrote:
         | Maybe you are tired, and thus need to cool your brain.
        
       | emptysongglass wrote:
       | Doesn't read like sound science when all of my 6 pet rats yawn
       | longer than I do.
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | I don't think they found absolute brain mass was correlated
         | with yawn duration. They scaled brain mass in some complicated
         | way that might put rats above humans for all I know:
         | 
         | "we calculated residual brain mass measures from a
         | phylogenetically controlled linear regression of the respective
         | brain measure on body mass"
        
           | true_religion wrote:
           | There is a chart:
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02019-y/figures/2
           | 
           | Humans are above rats in this chart in both yawn duration and
           | brain mass.
           | 
           | Rats are above dogs though.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | KMag wrote:
         | Read The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and post back here.
         | 
         | Minor spoiler: mice (okay, not rats) are projections into our
         | universe of immensely powerful trans-dimensional beings, or
         | something like that.
        
           | emptysongglass wrote:
           | Makes sense as I really seem to be their pet most of the time
           | or worse a glorified janitor: the "poo shoveler".
        
           | sebmellen wrote:
           | Scared me for a moment there, I've killed upwards of 40 rats
           | during this pandemic (outside). They seem to have gone
           | rampant with the onset of COVID.
        
             | donkarma wrote:
             | Wait until you see the mouse plague in Australia
        
       | Quasimarion wrote:
       | Honestly the charts in the paper is not very convincing. The
       | outliers are all over the place and there is hardly an
       | association judging from naked eye.
       | 
       | (e.g: imagine seeing figure 4 without the model prediction in the
       | background)
        
         | wholinator2 wrote:
         | Agreed, it looks like they may have even missed a U-shaped
         | quadratic association. If were doing pure curve fitting it'd
         | work way better with those data. For real though, very
         | unconvincing graphs.
        
       | stubish wrote:
       | I don't understand why I would need to cool my brain more when
       | I'm tired. I'm not buying the theory that yawns are for cooling
       | brains without more details.
        
         | tediousdemise wrote:
         | I think sighing, rather than yawning, makes more sense with the
         | brain cooling theory.
         | 
         | When we are distressed, we release cortisol, which is a pro-
         | oxidizing free radical that raises body temperature and blood
         | pressure. Signing involves a fast and prolonged exhalation of
         | air. We tend to sigh when we are distressed, so it possibly
         | serves as a way to cool ourselves down similar to an exhaust
         | fan on a desktop chassis.
        
         | vnglst wrote:
         | I read somewhere that when we fall asleep our body temperature
         | is lowered a bit, maybe that's what's happening?
        
         | chmod600 wrote:
         | To go to sleep your body temp needs to drop a couple degrees.
         | 
         | https://www.sleep.org/does-your-body-temperature-change-whil...
         | 
         | Maybe yawning helps you get to the right temperature.
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | Could just act as a little nudge in the right direction.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | I'm not buying the brain-cooling theory because a couple of
         | yawns won't lead to anywhere near enough evaporative cooling to
         | chill the brain by a few degrees. Also, the brain has a very
         | very good blood flow with the rest of the body, so you really
         | have the cool the whole organism.
        
           | tediousdemise wrote:
           | The only area of the body yawning could have any kind of
           | immediate cooling effect is the soft palate in the rear upper
           | portion of the mouth--the part responsible for brain freezes
           | when eating ice cream. I don't think ambient air passing over
           | that palate would create a measurable change in brain
           | temperature.
           | 
           | Yawning always seemed, to me, to go hand in hand with
           | stretching. I believe the reason we yawn is one in the same
           | with the reason we stretch. By yawning, we are effectively
           | stretching one of the few internal organs under our direct
           | control: the lungs. It stretches the muscles involved in
           | breathing, releasing trapped lactic acid built up over a long
           | day of automated breathing. It improves blood oxygen
           | concentration, which improves wakefulness and attention,
           | which is exactly what you need when you are fatigued. Deep
           | breathing also reduces anxiety, which is why breathwork is
           | heavily incorporated in meditation.
           | 
           | I think the contagious aspect could be an evolutionary
           | behavior. Social mammals tend to work in groups, and
           | "contagious" yawning was likely naturally selected for since
           | all members of an exhausted group who yawn would be more
           | awake and alert in the event of an attack or when hunting
           | prey. These are physically strenuous (and tiring) activities
           | that directly affect the survival of the organism.
        
             | thatcat wrote:
             | It changes air flow by stretching the fold between mouth
             | and sinus, maybe it is a pre-sleep sinus stretch.
        
         | montebicyclelo wrote:
         | There's also the social aspect of yawning - seeing someone yawn
         | triggers a yawn... Maybe brains like to maintain a similar
         | temperature to nearby brains.
        
           | elb2020 wrote:
           | It's quite possible that it _is_ a social signal, I think.
           | Something designed to facilitate a non-spoken syn-ack
           | handshake between members in a social group. I see you, you
           | see me, I see that you see me, end of transmit.
        
           | batch12 wrote:
           | Hell, for me seeing a video of someone yawning can make me
           | yawn. Even reading these comments... I seriously yawned three
           | times just thinking about people yawning.
        
           | montebicyclelo wrote:
           | Just to clarify, the hypothesis in the post above was
           | intended to be humorous.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Or yawning is just a communication mechanism, formed in a
           | time before using words became commonplace and maintained
           | because it works.
           | 
           | It might also be a type of communication which goes against
           | the typical 'pack' animal communication hierarchy. It might
           | make sense for the pack to sleep when _any_ of the pack is
           | tired, rather than waiting for the alpha-dog to feel tired.
           | 'contagious' yawning allows that.
        
           | ZuLuuuuuu wrote:
           | For me, even reading the word "yawning" so many times
           | triggers yawning.
        
         | operatorius wrote:
         | Doesnt adenosine improve bloodflow to the brain when we are
         | tired? If that is true, increased bloodflow should increase the
         | brain temperature as more blood circulates and exchanges heat
        
         | 988747 wrote:
         | I guess because your brain overheating is what's making you
         | feel tired in the first place?
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | That seems pretty easy to falsify. I still get tired in cold
           | environments, do you?
        
             | zeta0134 wrote:
             | I actually have an easier time maintaining flow in cold
             | environments. I keep my house pretty chill and warm the
             | rest of my body with warm clothes. Summer in South Texas
             | was miserable for me, so I moved father north and could not
             | be happier with the change.
             | 
             | It's not that I don't still get tired, of course I do. More
             | that I'm less affected by the ambient heat.
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | Probably because the brain is what takes the most energy for us
        
       | amarant wrote:
       | I'm definitely citing this study next time I'm sleepy and someone
       | comments on my constant yawning
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | purplecats wrote:
         | title doesn't state if larger size is positively correlated
         | with more frequent yawns :)
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | You're giving people far more credit than I would! You can
           | get a ton of mileage out of the most spurious of
           | correlations...
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | drives -> correlates with
        
       | erulabs wrote:
       | I just saw my unborn son yawn in the womb on an ultrasound today
       | so this brings me a bit of silly joy - knowing his brain folds
       | are just developing and he might be cooling them! That said, the
       | stats nerd in me doesn't buy this study outright.
       | 
       | I'd personally hypothesize that yawns, like almost all other
       | emotional displays (smiling, laughing, worrying, eye dilation)
       | are simple pre-language communications. It's useful for a pack of
       | animals to know when one animal is tired - yawning is contagious
       | because it's advantageous for the pack to have a similar sleep
       | schedule - and to be aware of how each other feels. Our faces
       | display our emotions clearly as a form of communication to
       | others. We developed whites in our eyes, for example, so we can
       | track the attention of our pack-mates. It's easy to forget that
       | biologically, spoken language is a brand new invention - but
       | communication is extremely ancient.
        
         | just-ok wrote:
         | > yawning is contagious [...] to be aware of how each other
         | feels
         | 
         | To this point, fascinatingly, psychopaths are immune to
         | "contagious" yawns, highlighting their inability to empathize
         | with others.
         | 
         | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-online-secrets/...
        
         | etangent wrote:
         | > I'd personally hypothesize that yawns, like almost all other
         | emotional displays are simple pre-language communications
         | 
         | The trouble with that hypothesis that even very primitive
         | vertebrates that have or have had almost no social history also
         | yawn.
        
           | erulabs wrote:
           | Agreed - but it's a chicken/egg issue there. It's not clear
           | that behavior is a precursor to social groups. Social groups
           | with no communication behavior would be very hard to
           | maintain. Hard to say tho for sure which comes first
        
       | b4ke wrote:
       | Yawns are caused by changes in the souls position relative to
       | others.... why it is contagious, and why someone who is
       | cognitively your superior will cause you to yawn in their
       | presence. I know it sounds nuts, but they know more than they let
       | on.... just look for the well seal ;)
        
         | Madmallard wrote:
         | This is hilarious
        
         | sulZ wrote:
         | Is this a reference to something that I'm not picking up on?
        
       | montebicyclelo wrote:
       | Yawning cools the brain?!
        
         | ElvisTrout wrote:
         | Yes, that's it's purpose. Hence why the results of this study
         | is not really surprising.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | We don't know if that's the purpose of yawning.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | rukuu001 wrote:
         | I researched this independently when I started yawning madly at
         | the gym
        
           | jdonaldson wrote:
           | Ok, glad to know I'm not the only one to do this. However,
           | the plot thickens... why is this happening?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | b4ke wrote:
       | Ha los are a real thing, praise be.
        
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