[HN Gopher] The chip shortage could lead to an era of hardware i...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The chip shortage could lead to an era of hardware innovation
        
       Author : cofree
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2021-05-16 04:23 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (staceyoniot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (staceyoniot.com)
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | Almost makes you wonder how many old, but working desktop CPUs
       | could be underclocked and repurposed.
        
         | pjerem wrote:
         | Yes, except the decade of soldered CPU and RAM behind us.
        
           | iforgotpassword wrote:
           | In desktop computers?
        
             | tgragnato wrote:
             | "desktops": it's somewhat common with mini-ITX and Intel
             | NUCs
        
           | hansel_der wrote:
           | erm nope?
           | 
           | modular desktop computers were and are a niche.
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | Or you know, maybe we can decide that we don't need every
       | appliance and lightbulb in our house to have network access. Or
       | that we can drop the price on many base-model cars by $1000 by
       | removing the infotainment unit.
        
         | ericwood wrote:
         | "Chip shortage" means a lot more than just microcontrollers.
         | The ripple effects of it have affected all sorts of analog
         | semiconductors and integrated circuits. I only do small
         | quantities of electronics but I've seen the lead times on bog
         | standard parts like relay controllers and op amps shoot up and
         | stocks are starting to dwindle.
        
           | bpye wrote:
           | TI are in an especially bad spot and they make lots of things
           | from microcontrollers to battery chargers to power
           | converters. Their parts are pretty common but many of them
           | are currently unobtainable from standard distributors.
        
       | singularity2001 wrote:
       | Any updates on the optical CPU front?
        
         | anticensor wrote:
         | Photonics require even more precision engineering. Binning
         | strategies would not work.
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | "That's because electric cars require a lot more computer and
       | chip-based components than those powered by gas"
       | 
       | EVs have less fundamental systems than an ICE. I can see that EV
       | designs being the most modern and entailing a lot of clean sheet
       | thinking would result in more computers, but fundamentally I
       | would think it takes less computers to run an EV.
        
         | tuatoru wrote:
         | I can see that EVs may need fewer sensors (or fewer _types_ of
         | sensors, anyway) because of not having to deal with hot gases
         | and flammable liquids. But fewer computing elements, not so
         | much.
         | 
         | A battery pack may be made up of 20 or more modules that each
         | have their own charge management logic, and there are battery
         | heating and cooling systems that need controlling.
         | 
         | Most systems are the same in ICEVs and EVs - cabin control,
         | entertainment, steering, transmission, throttle and brakes,
         | suspension, lights, safety systems, and so on. To me, the
         | difference doesn't seem very large.
        
       | acd wrote:
       | The main issue is just in time delivery with very low to zero
       | stock levels that has been popular in many industries. Toyota
       | startes just in time delivery everyone else copied. Just in time
       | delivery is more vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.
       | 
       | Thus there are some value to having a warehouse. Ie something
       | between just in time delivery and keeping lots of stock.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | This is been a relatively cheap way for the world to notice
         | this. It could have been much more severe--people can wait an
         | extra year for a new computer or car. Automakers also get to
         | look at this and decide of the added cost of carrying more
         | inventory is worth it for them. They're right to complain to
         | pressure governments and chipmakers, but that just means they
         | lost this bet on just-in-time delivery and cancelling their
         | chip orders. With all the times things worked out for them,
         | they might still come out ahead.
        
       | major505 wrote:
       | Not only hardware. I think one of the things that can come of
       | this are also big software innovations, because one of the things
       | we may see are people reciclyng old chips and old tech. And lets
       | be honest here: most people dosent't need the latest and the
       | greatest dor daily tasks. They need more efficient software and
       | better interfaces for achieving this tasks in less time. You take
       | a look around you, most people who are not power users can
       | survive just fine witha 10 years computer. They just need access
       | to better software. The same goes for most business cases.
        
       | nmstoker wrote:
       | The article's lack of any assessment about the likely duration of
       | the chip shortage seems naive if they're trying to make a case
       | that major change of the kind they propose will happen. The
       | closing point about it being a tough time for chip companies also
       | seems odd given the demand for their products and the predicted
       | growth in revenue.
        
       | katmannthree wrote:
       | I'd be interested in other takes on this article, I'm struggling
       | to accept the arguments presented here.
       | 
       | > turning instead to software to handle functions that had
       | historically been done in hardware
       | 
       | That generally means doing things less efficiently. Devices will
       | get slower and battery lifetimes shorter.
       | 
       | > There's room for new startups and new ways of doing things.
       | More of the car's features are accessed using a touchscreen as
       | opposed to a knob or button, for example, which turns components
       | that once were hardware into a software program.
       | 
       | This has got to be one of the worst times to do a hardware
       | startup. Doing R&D at an established company is already painful,
       | between skyrocketing costs and 6 month plus lead times on
       | standard microcontrollers (not to mention more specialized ICs).
       | If you're just starting out instead of "only" facing trouble
       | keeping production going you're going have to hope that the chips
       | you're prototyping with will be available when you go into
       | production. If things keep going the way they have this year,
       | that's a very risky bet no matter what components you select.
       | 
       | > And now, in light of the chip shortage, suppliers to the
       | automotive industry are going to be looking for more ways to turn
       | something that used to be an electronic part into software.
       | 
       | Not in the automotive field but from what I've heard it's the
       | exact opposite issue, the [lack of] processors they'd like to use
       | in those fancy touchscreen infotainment systems are a big part of
       | their problem.
       | 
       | The central thesis is that the shortage will lead to innovation,
       | but in my experience it has put a HUGE strain on everyone doing
       | R&D. I suspect it'll instead lead to rising costs and stagnation
       | as people wait for supplies. This is already basically what we
       | have in the consumer hardware market, where last year's consoles
       | still aren't consistently on store shelves.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | > which turns components that once were hardware into a
         | software program
         | 
         | this is a fun one, because there is no shortage of knobs and
         | buttons, just chips, and knobs don't need chips to work. Even
         | if you do need a chip for it to work (eg. rotary encoder to
         | canbus), most of them are still available, because the "old
         | tech" is good enough for them (compared to newer, smaller
         | transistor sizes, needed for modern cpus to process a lot of
         | data - eg graphics cards, modern cpus and even touchscreen
         | radios for cars).
        
         | nrp wrote:
         | I can confirm that this is an extremely challenging time to do
         | a hardware startup. In addition to the supply and freight
         | shortages that are deadly to startups stuck at the back of the
         | line:
         | 
         | 1. Travel restrictions make it extremely challenging to
         | evaluate suppliers, do joint development, and bring up
         | manufacturing.
         | 
         | 2. A bunch of recent high profile failures have caused VCs to
         | cool on the space.
         | 
         | 3. Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft are all hiring
         | armies of hardware people, making the job market more
         | competitive than it once was.
         | 
         | All that said:
         | 
         | 1. There's still no shortage of interesting and worthwhile
         | problems to solve with hardware.
         | 
         | 2. Like web companies that survived the dot com bubble
         | bursting, the hardware companies that make it through 2020 and
         | 2021 are going to have been strengthened by it.
        
           | bruce343434 wrote:
           | > A bunch of recent high profile failures have caused VCs to
           | cool on the space.
           | 
           | Could you expand on this?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | A successful startup allows others to claim that they're
             | "Uber for pets" which encourages VC money - but if there
             | are famous explosions in the ears all of a sudden you have
             | to explain why you're not "Wework for chips" which makes it
             | harder to get funding started.
             | 
             | When a gold rush is on nobody gets yelled at for buying
             | shovels even if they lose money. But going against
             | "conventional wisdom" requires either entirely independent
             | VC or investors who really trust you.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | Can you provide examples of (2)?
           | 
           | If we think it's bad now, wait until the dozen or so AI chip
           | startups have their moments of reckoning.
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | 4. Certain major contract manufacturers are imploding.
           | 
           | 5. China-West tensions, including HK/mainland border being
           | locked down, are creating additional difficulties.
           | 
           | 6. Current China anti-platform/monopoly drive has cooled
           | domestic VC activity and appetite for vertical integration.
           | 
           | (Full disclosure: Cross-border hardware venture founder in
           | China.)
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | > 4. Certain major contract manufacturers are imploding.
             | 
             | Which ones?
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | Please provide examples of (4). I have worked for HW
             | companies pretty much all of my career and (4) is news to
             | me. I would very much like to understand what you're
             | seeing.
        
               | contingencies wrote:
               | Let's just say regarding a major facility for a major CM
               | over the last few years myself and agents have dealt with
               | them a few times, the first time a well-meaning manager
               | said "stay away, this company is bad news". Everything I
               | have since learned (tour of facility witnessing old tech,
               | dinosaur client base, partial selloff of site, bizdev
               | literally stating their reason for not taking on simple
               | projects was complexity, employees covertly selling use
               | of software the company has licensed on the market)
               | reaffirm this perception. Whereas, the stock price
               | doesn't. May as well be dogecoin.
        
         | convery wrote:
         | Ye, I'm with you. To give the benefit of doubt to the author,
         | maybe they were thinking of "turning to software innovation" as
         | in optimizing / longer dev cycles that can result in less
         | resource wastage. i.e. rather than needing the latest chip to
         | run Electron based applications everywhere they'd spend a bit
         | more time developing software that can run well on older chips.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | For the integrated hardware, like IoT, cars and so on, it
           | makes sense to attempt to reduce the amount of chips needed,
           | and the glue the remaining bits in using software. I don't
           | see how there's much else you can do to deal with a shortage,
           | other than perhaps starting to remove many of the "smart"
           | features and accept that perhaps we didn't need all of them
           | to begin with.
           | 
           | For computers, desktops, laptops, servers and phone, we could
           | start focusing on more efficient software. Replacing laptops
           | every two or three year is no longer cost effective. We start
           | to look at 5 to 8 year lifespan for phones and laptop,
           | meaning that developers need to focus more on efficiency.
           | 
           | It's two different ways of dealing with rising chip prices:
           | Use fewer chips, and use them longer. It's also a great way
           | of shifting to greener computing.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | 10year old laptop chips work well for the vast majority of
             | users. The problems are in shoddy cases/integrations that
             | fail, and lack of repairability/upgradability/planned
             | obsolescence (even in chassis that have no thin-light
             | excuse), both of which lead to waste
        
               | mofosyne wrote:
               | One possible idea is a rebate that is given back to
               | manufactures if the device last long enough.
        
           | katmannthree wrote:
           | Had they not explicitly said hardware innovation I would have
           | thought that as well.
           | 
           | I hope it does lead to debloating though, when mouse config
           | software weights in over 200MB we're long overdue for some
           | trimming of the proverbial fat.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | >> turning instead to software to handle functions that had
         | historically been done in hardware
         | 
         | > That generally means doing things less efficiently. Devices
         | will get slower and battery lifetimes shorter.
         | 
         | Not necessarily. For example, the original idea behind RISC was
         | too move lots of complicated functions (and instructions) from
         | hardware into software, so that the hardware could concentrate
         | on doing the most common and simple functionality quicker.
        
           | katmannthree wrote:
           | Those common computationally complex functions generally get
           | abstracted away via CMSIS or the like, I've yet to beat the
           | hardware implementations of common signal processing
           | algorithms in software despite actively trying. Anyone trying
           | to fill in for missing DSP hardware is going to have a very
           | bad time.
           | 
           | I can't imagine it's much better for other
           | hardware-->software transitions, given the cost of specific
           | hardware implementations they're generally only used when
           | actually necessary.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > The central thesis is that the shortage will lead to
         | innovation, but in my experience it has put a HUGE strain on
         | everyone doing R&D. I suspect it'll instead lead to rising
         | costs and stagnation as people wait for supplies. This is
         | already basically what we have in the consumer hardware market,
         | where last year's consoles still aren't consistently on store
         | shelves.
         | 
         | I think there's some truth to creativity being enhanced by
         | constraints. Certainly, if supplies are limited, and especially
         | if the limits are uneven, there's going to be incentive to
         | design around the chips that are limited, and some of that
         | might be innovation that could be useful even after supply goes
         | back to normal. Of course, CPU shortages are hard to design
         | around, especially if all CPUs are in short supply; but some
         | applications might be able to make use of different CPUs that
         | might have more availability.
        
           | katmannthree wrote:
           | Technically, sure. But the extent of the innovation I've seen
           | so far is people going back to using inferior chips because
           | that was all they could get within their budget.
           | 
           | Microcontrollers aren't exactly interchangeable, even within
           | the same product line. You could design for flexibility and
           | use the arduino framework to run your code on most
           | microchip/atmel, ST, and a million other chips but that comes
           | at enormous cost -- to put it nicely that's an incredibly
           | inefficient library if you're not doing anything demanding,
           | and damn near worthless if you are. Any multiplatform
           | framework that abstracts away the inner workings of
           | microcontrollers is going to be too heavy to work for a huge
           | percentage of people's power and complexity profiles.
           | 
           | It's not just MCUs and firmware either, any time you replace
           | a component due to shortages you need to revalidate your
           | design. Constantly redesigning and revalidating boards based
           | on available stock is what people are doing right now to keep
           | the lights on. It's hell.
           | 
           | If you don't need a microcontroller to do whatever you do,
           | then sure. Pop it out and save a few bucks. But that's hardly
           | innovation, it's more rectifying a mistake made when doing
           | the initial design.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I think you're like 98% right. Swapping a MCU is a lot of
             | work, and other chips are too... I just wonder how many
             | people are going to have all the chips but one, and figure
             | out how to wing it, and how many of those solutions end up
             | being interestimg/useful/kept past when the missing chip
             | becomes available.
             | 
             | I'm thinking of stuff like (at least some) dishwashers with
             | 'dirt' sensing don't actually sense dirt at all; instead
             | the pump has a thermal overload, and they sense how many
             | times the pump cycles to indicate dirtyness.
             | 
             | If you used to have a dirt sensor, but it was delayed 18
             | months, you might figure something like that out, and maybe
             | that's handy. Or maybe there's some other thing you'd like
             | to measure, but there's not a good way to measure it, but
             | it causes something to misbehave and you can measure that;
             | but you wouldn't have thought about it except that you ran
             | out of dirt sensors.
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | >> turning instead to software to handle functions that had
         | historically been done in hardware
         | 
         | >That generally means doing things less efficiently. Devices
         | will get slower and battery lifetimes shorter.
         | 
         | I'm personally not at all convinced hardware accelerated GUI
         | toolkits are more power efficient than software rendered ones.
         | Weather it's due to the abstraction or some weird idea that
         | drawing is now "free" you end up with way more drawing being
         | done once something is hardware accelerated and it tends to
         | more than offset the efficiency gains. The only place it really
         | works are video games because they're actually paying attention
         | to where the limits are. (and they don't really care about
         | power efficiency.)
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | > I'm personally not at all convinced hardware accelerated
           | GUI toolkits are more power efficient than software rendered
           | ones.
           | 
           | It really depends on what is being drawn and how. If a GUI
           | toolkit is all flat colors, basic shapes, and doesn't use
           | antialiasing then it can be very power efficient on modern
           | CPUs, even low power embedded ones. If it instead uses
           | gradients, alpha blending, antialiasing, and drawing complex
           | shapes it's going to far less efficient all in software. The
           | difficulty increases with increased demands for fill rate
           | (display size x frame rate).
           | 
           | On modern CPUs (even embedded ones) a software rendering to a
           | QVGA display would be no probably and likely no less
           | efficient than hardware acceleration. However as the fill
           | rate demand and drawing complexity increases software
           | rendering will quickly hit a wall.
        
         | T-A wrote:
         | >> turning instead to software to handle functions that had
         | historically been done in hardware
         | 
         | > That generally means doing things less efficiently. Devices
         | will get slower and battery lifetimes shorter.
         | 
         | Possibly, but the point is to reduce the number of expensive
         | integrated circuits. A classic example:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Woz_Machine
        
           | blihp wrote:
           | You're talking about two different things: eliminating
           | hardware by doing more in software (what the article was
           | stating) vs consolidating discrete logic to an ASIC (both the
           | IWM and the discrete logic it replaced performed the same
           | task in hardware. The IWM just reduced it to one chip
           | allowing them to eliminate the controller PCB)
        
             | T-A wrote:
             | > The IWM just reduced it to one chip allowing them to
             | eliminate the controller PCB)
             | 
             | From the Wikipedia article: "The floppy drive controller
             | was built with 8 ICs, one of which is the PROM, containing
             | tables for the encoder and decoder, the state machine, _and
             | some code_. "
             | 
             | (My emphasis.)
             | 
             | What made it at all possible was moving most of the logic
             | to the CPU:
             | 
             | https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/a/7188
             | 
             |  _The IWM chip, used in the prototype Mac with double sided
             | "Twiggy" drives, and later in the original production Mac
             | 128k with Sony 3.5" diskette drives, is basically Woz's
             | original disk controller design (converted by Wendell
             | Sander and Bob Bailey to NMOS), with the addition of buffer
             | registers to allow the processor to run a bit more
             | asynchronously. But, except for not having to run (*
             | almost) synchronous with the disk data rate, the 68k CPU
             | did all the raw data decoding (GCR nibbles to bytes, etc.)
             | and head stepping in software, very similar to the 6502
             | code in the Apple II (DOS) RWTS._
        
             | rasz wrote:
             | No, IWM replaced floppy controller ASIC integrating pll,
             | track and sector ID detectors, bit shifter, FM/MFM
             | decoders/encoders, and CRC logic. All of this was replaced
             | by simple bit shifter, state machine and software running
             | on main CPU of the computer. Amiga employed similar trick
             | reusing Blitter to encode/decode tracks.
        
         | Causality1 wrote:
         | I stopped reading after the car bit. Anyone who's advocating
         | more eye-requiring touchscreen controls for cars instead of
         | less hasn't put enough thought into their opinions for anything
         | else they've written to be worth reading.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | > The chip shortage could lead to an era of hardware innovation
         | It can, but people currently busy "innovating" are at least
         | half a decade too late. 200mm capacity shortage, and year long
         | backlogs were common for at least 5 year now.
         | 
         | The opportunity from either exploiting the shortage, or
         | ameliorating it is now long gone.
         | 
         | > That's because electric cars require a lot more computer and
         | chip-based components than those powered by gas
         | 
         | Electric cars require a lot less electronic components!!!
         | 
         | > "I saw a design the other day of a lightbulb with 12
         | components," said Carrieres. "[My team] asked me if this was an
         | idea, and I had to tell them that it was a real product."
         | 
         | Recently we had a rush project for redesigning a control panel
         | for a certain machinery. The task was to replace, or remove
         | MCUs currently experiencing shortage.
         | 
         | After looking at the project for a few minutes, we realised MCU
         | was used basically just for blinkey LEDs, and an interlock.
         | 
         | Our engineer slapped few 555s, flip flops, and registers in
         | under an hour. Client engineers' jaws fell off.
         | 
         | While the real reason client was at the mercy of their supply
         | chain was not that individual MCU, it still shows just how much
         | blind following of "one chip to rule them all" can eat away at
         | supply chain resilience.
         | 
         | If you have a part uniquely fitting your unique needs, the
         | likeliness it being some rare widget, and having poorer
         | availability increases.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | shard wrote:
           | > Our engineer slapped few 555s, flip flops, and registers in
           | under an hour. Client engineers' jaws fell off.
           | 
           | Sounds like it's more an issue of this work being outside the
           | client engineer's competence than any kind of engineering
           | breakthrough.
           | 
           | I suspect replacing the MCU with discrete components would
           | have resulted in a more expensive product if there was no
           | shortage.
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | > I suspect replacing the MCU with discrete components
             | would have resulted in a more expensive product if there
             | was no shortage.
             | 
             | And what? Complexity, and BOM size are not a problem by
             | themselves alone. You should not view it in isolation from
             | the context.
             | 
             | This is exactly the thinking which led the client running
             | into this -- "Trying to save money at any cost"
             | 
             | The point I make is that they easily spent a multiple times
             | the price of this panel entire production run as a
             | punishment for that.
             | 
             | Blinkey leds, and an interlock in between few buttons is
             | really an overkill for MCU, and should've been treated as
             | such no matter how many cents can be saved.
             | 
             | You can save a few dollars on a screwdriver if you can put
             | in screws with a hammer, but you are certainly better off
             | not doing that.
        
             | dr_zoidberg wrote:
             | I find it a bit hard to believe that a whole
             | microcontroller can be cheaper than a few electronic
             | components on their own. Probably what did happen before
             | the shortage was that the MCU was cheap enough and gave you
             | a great flexibility in prototyping and coudl be suited for
             | many different tasks. After the prototyping stage, it
             | should've been replaced by simpler things, but since good
             | enough was cheap enough, it was left as it was.
        
               | shard wrote:
               | When it comes down to very simple microcontrollers with
               | only a few pins, the package costs starts to dominate.
               | Consider that each pin on an IC costs a few cents. If a
               | small pincount MCU is replaced with a 555, some discrete
               | logic, and passives for each of those ICs, it certainly
               | can be more expensive to have discrete logic as opposed
               | to an MCU, not to mention the higher cost from increase
               | in PCB size for the extra components.
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | Assembly cost too from what I understand, if you need to
               | go up to a more fancy pick'n'place machine because of the
               | number of distinct component reels.
        
               | ptsneves wrote:
               | Also remember that a bigger bill of materials in itself
               | potentially complicates supply chain. The other thing
               | that comes to mind is that more components may mean more
               | passives or a more complex circuit.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | There are MCUs costing less than a cent.
               | 
               | It was likelly cheaper, but now they paid likelly
               | hundredfold of what could've ever been saved.
        
               | pySSK wrote:
               | You'd be surprised. Some ARM M0 chips are in the $0.20
               | range for 1 (can't see volume prices right now because of
               | availability).
        
       | synack wrote:
       | Anecdotally, I've seen a lot more job postings for firmware
       | engineers lately. I assume these are coming from companies that
       | cannot source their preferred microcontrollers and need to port
       | code to a new chip before inventory runs out. Hopefully this
       | leads to some modernization of embedded software.
        
         | smackeyacky wrote:
         | Modernization? The deadlines are tight and the focus will be
         | all about getting done as fast as possible before the inventory
         | of replacement parts dries up too.
         | 
         | I have ended up raiding the warranty return bin for fixable
         | boards in my small startup. Its easier to repair the returned
         | boards right now than order new ones.
        
         | thedracle wrote:
         | That's pretty awesome. I moved out of embedded development many
         | years ago, but it's always been my true love as an engineer.
        
       | someperson wrote:
       | Anybody who follows the industry knows semiconductors
       | manufacturing is a boom and bust industry.
       | 
       | This video covers it quite well:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7QkIECEkVc
       | 
       | Automakers cancelled their orders during the early days of
       | COVID-19 and lost their place in the queue (and now are crying
       | foul).
       | 
       | Also many companies have double-booked orders from multiple
       | suppliers making the shortage look worse.
       | 
       | There's a huge amount of semiconductor capacity coming online in
       | the next few years, much of will be barely profitable once this
       | current shortage dissipates.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | Double booking is a consequence of shortage. You can't separate
         | it out. Longer lead times make it harder to predict future
         | demand, and perception of scarcity leads to overbooking that
         | exacerbates the negative consequences of underbooking.
        
       | wrd83 wrote:
       | It already has happened.
       | 
       | I have been asked to optimize to return vms to the hardware pool
       | ..
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jackfoxy wrote:
       | Why aren't chips recycled more? (Not that recycling could address
       | the immediate problem.)
       | 
       | Or perhaps there is already a lot of recycling, but it is not
       | apparent to me and probably not apparent to most people.
       | 
       | Is pulling and sorting chips from e-waste inefficient? Damages
       | too many chips?
       | 
       | In China a lot of reverse engineered info on proprietary chips
       | floats around among engineers. Are hardware engineers in the west
       | too busy to adapt to recycled chips? Is the supply too
       | precarious?
       | 
       | The only one I know of working in this area is
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Huang_(hacker) I wonder if
       | he gets lonely.
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | Chips are recycled, at least the valuable ones. Go on
         | AliExpress and you'll find lots of expensive FPGAs reballed,
         | iPhone chips for repair, classic computer chips that are no
         | longer made, etc.
        
       | greenbit wrote:
       | Ftlog not another round of 'let software do it', please.
       | 
       | How about, when a couple of dead simple switches will do it, DO
       | NOT stuff an embedded Linux SoC in. A toaster, for example,
       | should not require one single bit of software.
       | 
       | Cars. Omg. Do we have to turn them into rolling smart phones? DO
       | we? I dread the day when my car has to OTA update every 3 weeks.
       | There should be no need for that. Yeah, I can see you might want
       | something to handle engine timing or active suspension. But I do
       | not need or want all these 'apps'.
       | 
       | We seriously need some sanity in product design these days. Don't
       | blame engineers. Blame the product designers.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | Then how will you listen Spotify while you drive? I'm not about
         | to run a wire to the aux-in on a dumb radio like some kind of
         | savage from 2013.
        
         | TheAceOfHearts wrote:
         | Cars have been increasingly more computerized during the last
         | two decades. If car firmwares were more open it would be
         | possible to deploy software improvements to reduce emissions
         | and increase performance.
         | 
         | I agree that having to update too frequently would be a hassle,
         | but we could make far better use of existing vehicles if they
         | were more easily upgradeable and updateable.
        
       | zsellera wrote:
       | LOL, no. It's hard to implement hardware functions in software if
       | it's impossible to source the MCUs my software stack was built
       | on.
       | 
       | What's really happening is that I (and likely many others)
       | realised that Chinese-brand chips (which are not affected by the
       | shortage) works just as fine as the western ones.
       | 
       | The other thing I realised was that non-authorized sellers works
       | just as fine as well. Yep, I had to implement more thorough
       | testing/QC, but I would not call that extra work innovation.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | Co-incidentally you can buy all Western chips you want from
         | Chinese sellers in any quantities. Just that you have to pay
         | 10x.
        
           | zsellera wrote:
           | My experiences are different.
           | 
           | I think most assembly-houses self-source some parts, and they
           | do it in large quantities (like 1M+ parts/year). As such,
           | they buy at extremely good prices. They overbuy themselves,
           | and in order to get the same good pricing next year, they
           | keep overbuying. Some of their inventory is then sold
           | locally, and ends up in the Shenzhen market or at
           | unauthorized resellers.
           | 
           | For the quantities I buy (sub-1000 pcs typ.) the pricing is
           | usually 0.2-2.0 times the known good parts from known
           | (authorized) sellers.
           | 
           | The problem is that I can not be sure what I get, and I have
           | to implement really extensive testing for each batch.
        
         | emteycz wrote:
         | Creation of entirely new brands of compatible hardware is
         | innovation too - or maybe let's call it progress.
        
       | papito wrote:
       | Scarcity breeds ingenuity. Opulence breeds complacency.
        
       | operatorius wrote:
       | I would love to see smart household appliances to vanish from the
       | market completely. Potentially less e-waste, less unsecure
       | devices connected to the net. Let's hope this shortage will push
       | towards that
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Many "smart" home appliances are also substantially more
         | efficient... The fridge which does defrosting at night to save
         | energy and be able to have a smaller compressor, the washer
         | which measures the incoming water temperature and clothes
         | weight and adjusts the water level and runtime to reduce energy
         | use, etc. Many of these devices might overall _halve_ energy
         | use compared to a device from a decade ago.
         | 
         | Sure, some of those energy savings are a result of better
         | design and materials rather than clever electronics and
         | software, but often the two must be used together - for example
         | the washing machine that can be lightweight because it uses
         | software to rearrange the washing in the drum for the perfect
         | balance... And a lightweight washer reduces energy consumption
         | to heat it up...
        
           | operatorius wrote:
           | The ones that youve described are simply more efficient. What
           | I was referring to are devices that needlessly have
           | integrations via apps, social media or can be simply
           | controlled by connecting them via wifi. These are needlessly
           | more complicated, have more moving parts and these parts are
           | now scarce.
        
       | ArkanExplorer wrote:
       | Or, we could just ban crypto exchanges in the USA (and allied
       | nations), watch prices tank 95%, and all of the fab capacity
       | which is now going towards Bitcoin and Ethereum mining could be
       | restored to proper productive use (alongside a big reduction in
       | energy expenditure and ransomware).
        
         | kubb wrote:
         | And nothing of value will be lost. The only issue is that the
         | powerful that have invested in crypto will fight with their
         | lives to prevent that.
        
           | abaga129 wrote:
           | By that logic we should ban stock exchanges as well.
        
             | bigbillheck wrote:
             | I can agree to that.
        
             | minikites wrote:
             | Maybe not ban, but heavy regulation and taxation sounds
             | good to me. Too much of our economy is based around
             | ensuring high numbers for the DJIA and Nasdaq, which is not
             | healthy for society.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Stock markets help allocate resources to the companies that
             | will make good use of it. We can't say something similar
             | about crypto until speculation stops being 99.9% of the use
             | case and it starts being used for something more practical.
             | We may get to that point, but that's still not a certainty.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | ... Do they? After an IPO, how is the glorified trading
               | card game of stocks actually helping the companies
               | themselves?
        
               | yuliyp wrote:
               | Companies can issue stock (whether through employee
               | grants or secondary offerings). They can also buy other
               | companies with stock.
        
               | shard wrote:
               | By making stock grants valuable and thus aligning the
               | incentives of the employees with the company?
        
               | kevinventullo wrote:
               | In many cases, shareholders are represented by a board of
               | directors, to whom the CEO is beholden. Also, executives
               | often see much of their compensation via equity in some
               | form.
        
             | speedgoose wrote:
             | The dream.
        
           | logicchains wrote:
           | Nothing of value to you, but thankfully nobody made you the
           | global arbiter of what people value.
        
             | geofft wrote:
             | Thankfully?
             | 
             | The problem is that we _did_ make rich people the global
             | arbiter of what people value, by giving them more units
             | which can be used to value things.
             | 
             | This is a fundamentally undemocratic system. Ten
             | billionaires have way more ability to decide on something's
             | value than ten people making minimum wage.
             | 
             | (This is also the fallacy in "If you don't like it, why not
             | short it and make money instead of complaining?" I don't
             | like it, _and_ I know my short positions aren 't going to
             | influence the market as much as some rich guy's much larger
             | long positions.)
        
               | elefanten wrote:
               | This is a nonsensical take on how value is determined.
               | It's not analogous to voting (or making political
               | decisions in general) -- it's incoherent to call it
               | "undemocratic".
               | 
               | The overwhelming majority of valuation / price discovery
               | does not take place in a coordinated or intentional
               | manner. People buy what they want or need and in
               | aggregate this determines price. Billionaires in
               | aggregate are a minor portion of transactions that take
               | place -- they can participate in larger transactions than
               | most people but can't just will any market configuration
               | into existence. They can create localized distortions,
               | but if they're doing something unsustainable then they
               | won't stay billionaires long and it will end up a blip.
               | 
               | However, I suspect your position may be a cryptic way of
               | saying "There are some human activities / endeavors that
               | I don't like and it's easy to blame the rich people
               | invested in that / making their money off that." This
               | would not support your point. It takes more than just
               | some rich people to create and sustain an industry.
        
               | geofft wrote:
               | > _They can create localized distortions, but if they 're
               | doing something unsustainable then they won't stay
               | billionaires long and it will end up a blip._
               | 
               | My point is precisely that this assumption is not true.
               | 
               | A more precise way to say that you're "doing something
               | unsustainable" is that you're persistently overvaluing
               | something. But how is it determined that you're
               | overvaluing something? The rest of the market assigns it
               | a lower value than what you assign.
               | 
               | If you and your billionaire buddies just decide to value
               | something highly, then _simply because you have money
               | already_ , you can do that, and you can influence enough
               | of the market to make sure that you're not overvaluing it
               | relative to the market, and thus, it is sustainable.
               | 
               | The more money you have, the more leverage you have to
               | pull off this trick. Sometimes it works, sometimes it
               | doesn't, but the average person on a minimum-wage
               | strategy cannot even attempt it.
               | 
               | People don't solely buy what they want or need. They also
               | buy, in very large quantities, things that they expect to
               | be able to resell later. Sometimes this happens at small
               | scale (think toilet paper or gasoline, or even think
               | houses); sometimes this happens at large scale (think
               | commodities markets or mergers and acquisitions). These
               | sorts of secondary markets have a huge influence on price
               | discovery.
        
               | exo762 wrote:
               | > This is a fundamentally undemocratic system.
               | 
               | All modern democracies are representative. People
               | themselves don't decide about things, their
               | representatives do. This is the price we are willing to
               | pay to get effective governance.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | The problem is the representative frequently don't
               | represent the interests of their people, they represent
               | the interests of whoever will donate more money to let
               | them keep winning elections.
        
               | geofft wrote:
               | Sure, but not all representative systems are democracies.
               | A king may represent his subjects (in foreign policy and
               | war, for instance, and even sometimes in rituals) and
               | generally has way more leverage to be effective at
               | however he chooses to govern than a president or prime
               | minister does, but it's not a democracy.
               | 
               | One of the usual goals of a democracy is equal
               | representation ("one person, one vote"). You can transfer
               | your representation to someone else - either directly, in
               | the sense of proxy voting, or indirectly, in the sense of
               | voting for a representative - but you don't give it up
               | permanently. When elections next happen (and if elections
               | don't regularly happen, it's not a democracy), you get
               | your vote back and can freely choose what to do with it,
               | again. If your representative isn't doing what you want,
               | you can choose another one.
               | 
               | That's not true of the system of money. Even if it were
               | theoretically been true at some point, once you transfer
               | money to someone else, the associated power of that money
               | _stays with them_ or whoever they choose to transfer it
               | to. If you bought Windows 95 for $209.95 a quarter
               | century ago, that fraction of your ability to  "vote" on
               | how society values things left you a quarter century ago,
               | after spending it exactly once on valuing Windows 95, and
               | it probably never returned to you (unless you became a
               | Microsoft employee or supplier).
               | 
               | So, someone who makes something that is (rightly or
               | wrongly) highly valued thereby accumulates the ability to
               | value things in the future, and have disproportionate
               | influence on what is then going to be highly valued. This
               | process repeats continuously and has repeated for
               | centuries.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Democracy does not mean "one person, one vote" -- that's
               | tyranny of the majority, and gameable in an open system
               | with procreation, immigration/emigration, and even
               | murder. Democracy means "rule by the people" which is far
               | more nuanced.
               | 
               | More simply, the US Constitution was not approved by "one
               | person, one vote", not even with a dozen caveats and
               | asterisks.
        
               | geofft wrote:
               | Sure. I'm not saying that a democracy always means one
               | person, one vote. I'm saying it requires an ideal of
               | trying to be meaningfully representative.
               | 
               | One person, one vote is certainly gameable. One dollar,
               | one vote is even more so.
        
             | kubb wrote:
             | Right, otherwise people couldn't speculate on crypto
             | prices, the horror.
        
               | rafael09ed wrote:
               | Might as well make it so people can't speculate on stocks
               | or commodities.
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | Pork bellies have inherent value, cryptocurrency has no
               | inherent value.
        
               | LadyCailin wrote:
               | Neither does cash, then?
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | What percentage of merchants accept cryptocurrency and
               | what percentage of merchants accept cash? "Fiat currency"
               | may not have inherent value in the same way as gold or
               | pork bellies, but stable currencies (e.g. Euro, US
               | dollar) are backed by governments which have incentives
               | to be good stewards of their responsibility and if those
               | currencies collapsed, I don't think the world would be in
               | a state where cryptocurrency would retain any value.
        
               | hellbannedguy wrote:
               | Gold, and Silver, can be made into jewelry.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | So can bitcoins.
        
         | abaga129 wrote:
         | Do you have any numbers on how much fan capacity actually goes
         | toward crypto mining? I would think its relatively small in the
         | grand scheme of things.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | I don't think crypto hardware represent a significant potion if
         | the hardware market. Consumer electronics alone constitute
         | about $3 Trillion.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | I think the biggest pitfall in your plan is thinking that
         | prices would respond by falling, let alone by 95%.
         | 
         | There's a long history of countries imposing capital controls.
         | And it's rarely favorable to the home country's exchange rate.
         | What you are proposing is basically just capital controls
         | towards the crypto economy.
         | 
         | Yes it will make it harder for new buyers to bid up the price
         | of Bitcoin. But it almost certainly will induce current holders
         | to hoard any Bitcoin they own, thus reducing supply and putting
         | upward pressure on the price. Without a liquid market, miners
         | are likely to hoard their rewards, creating even more Bitcoin
         | scarcity.
         | 
         | It also may create panic buying before the law comes in effect,
         | or by people in foreign jurisdiction fearing the export of the
         | policy.
        
           | randerson wrote:
           | Maybe a better strategy is to discourage crypto through
           | fiscal policy: Imagine 90% capital gains tax on crypto
           | profits, no credits for capital losses on crypto, 10% crypto
           | wealth tax. Put those taxes to use fighting climate change.
        
             | livre wrote:
             | Argentina has implemented many of these "solutions" trying
             | to keep the dollar under control. The result is prices keep
             | going up, local currency keeps going down and there's an
             | entire parallel market to avoid the taxes. I expect the
             | same to happen to Bitcoin if that is implemented.
        
             | oceanplexian wrote:
             | At 90% taxation why wouldn't wealthy crypto holders just
             | leave the tax jurisdiction?
             | 
             | Like, it's not a bunch of gold bricks or a briefcase full
             | of paper money...It's not controlled by a bank who can deny
             | your transfer. Anyone can take all of their crypto anywhere
             | on Earth, and can do so instantaneously and virtually
             | anywhere with an Internet connection.
        
               | shard wrote:
               | If it was the US tax jurisdiction that someone is trying
               | to leave, then that person would need to give up their US
               | citizenship, not create any suspicion that they are
               | leaving due to tax reasons, and also pay taxes as if they
               | have sold off everything they own.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | It can also just as likely create panic selling as
           | speculators look to shed an asset that's dead in the water.
           | Remember when Robinhood banned GME shares from being
           | purchased, and the share price cratered as speculators tried
           | to rinse their hands of the asset?
        
           | tsss wrote:
           | There is no crypto economy. It is just one giant pyramid
           | scheme.
        
             | logicalmonster wrote:
             | What's a pyramid scheme?
             | 
             | How do you define one? What attributes does a pyramid
             | scheme have?
             | 
             | One could easily ask what's a currency that's backed by
             | nothing, is inflated to oblivion continuously robbing
             | marginalized peoples' life savings, is often used for
             | illegal drug/weapons/sex-trafficking/and worse crimes, is
             | involved in a good percentage of the world's pollution, and
             | that may soon be worth very little?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | And watch decentralised exchanges that are even less efficient
         | replace them. There's as much chance of successfully banning
         | crypto as there is of successfully banning drugs (in a big part
         | because of how useful crypto is for online drug transactions).
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | The US could simply ban US banks and financial institutions
           | from doing business with crypto, and from doing business with
           | any foreign entity that does business with crypto. That would
           | make it mostly unusable except as just another aspect of the
           | criminal underworld shadow banking systems. That's based on
           | the _current_ state of crypto though. If it becomes a common
           | medium of exchange with many people having some or all if
           | their transactions denominated in crypto, that option kind of
           | goes off the table.
        
             | bpye wrote:
             | Essentially an embargo against crypto? Similarly to how the
             | US treats a company that deals with Iran?
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | That's precisely what I'm thinking. Of course Iran, as a
               | country with an economy of its own, can still function
               | internally, and there's a black market, but there are
               | also risks to that. Crypto certainly couldn't hit
               | mainstream transactional usage under those conditions,
               | and there would be safer places to keep your money
               | legally & avoid the risk of having your assets frozen.
               | 
               | The window is closing rapidly on this option though. The
               | more it becomes just another financial asset class with
               | trillions in market cap, the harder that option becomes.
               | However, if a country like the US ever decides it's a
               | real threat to it's sovereign monetary policy, it could
               | take that option anyway and simply bail out those
               | impacted financially.
               | 
               | I think the most likely scenario is simply that it
               | becomes regulated like any other part of the financial
               | system. Heck thinks like CTR's SAR requirements. It will
               | be difficult to ever get Bitcoin or others to their dream
               | of decentralized currency unbound by governments when
               | governments can make regulations controlling it's usage.
               | The average business owner isn't going to risk their
               | business and jail time trying to work outside those
               | regulations.
        
           | kubb wrote:
           | Regulation will never work, never. It's not like trading
           | human organs is outlawed or anything.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | If crypto only ever rises to the level of the human organ
             | trade, it will have failed to deliver on pretty much all of
             | its promises.
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | If you think the human organ trade doesn't exist, some
             | Uighurs would like a word with you. https://en.wikipedia.or
             | g/wiki/Organ_trade#Illegal_organ_trad...
             | 
             | "Despite ordinances against organ sales, this practice
             | persists, with studies estimating that anywhere from 5% to
             | 42% of transplanted organs are illicitly purchased."
        
               | kubb wrote:
               | If you think outlawing that market doesn't drastically
               | reduce its scale, your reality is so different than mine
               | that there's nothing more to be said.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | nlitened wrote:
         | Alternatively, by following the same logic we could:
         | 
         | 1) ban computer games to free up people's time, and grow the
         | economy,
         | 
         | 2) ban ML research to improve overall privacy.
         | 
         | All these will also affect GPU prices favorably.
        
           | teitoklien wrote:
           | Let's ban computers itself
           | 
           | No computers No chip shortage
           | 
           | Fixed :D
        
             | madengr wrote:
             | It worked in Dune, so might a well.
        
           | speedgoose wrote:
           | Your two suggestions have more positive effects on the
           | society than cryptomoneys.
        
         | geofft wrote:
         | The real answer, I think, is not to ban the nebulous idea of
         | "cryptocurrency" but to ban (or highly tax) proof-of-work coins
         | or similar schemes where the network requires a large amount of
         | some physical resource to maintain its function.
         | 
         | That will spur innovation on approaches that don't have that
         | requirement.
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | There's already rapid innovation in this direction without
           | government innovation being necessary. Ethereum is switching
           | to proof-of-stake by the end of the year, and partially
           | because of that is already 50% of the way to passing Bitcoin
           | by market cap.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Just tax electricity and tariff countries who don't.
        
         | inshadows wrote:
         | Why not ban military exercises and automobiles instead?
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Imagine thinking that's a large part of the chip market
         | 
         | Its a _squeeze_ , no different than what happens to rental
         | prices when there is 1% vacancy rates versus .5% vacancy rates
        
         | throwkeep wrote:
         | It's wild how many people on a tech forum don't understand the
         | next major innovation of the Internet. Crypto is up there with
         | Netscape and smartphones.
        
           | Chyzwar wrote:
           | People said similar things with: AI, torrents, VR/AR, quantum
           | computers, memristors, drones, chatbots, distributed social
           | media, Internet of things, self-driving cars, robots, dapps.
           | 
           | Some of these technologies managed to produced something
           | useful. On the other hand, I cannot use crypto to anything
           | but speculation.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lexicality wrote:
       | I'm really hoping this forces some "stagnation" (for lack of a
       | better word) in the chip market. If you look at what happened on
       | consoles like the PS4 where it was years and years before any
       | hint of new hardware coming, developers had to get really
       | intimate with the available capabilities and tease out
       | performance no one thought was there.
       | 
       | Imagine getting software updates that make your old phone faster
       | rather than slower?
        
       | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
       | Isn't it _processors_ that are the main focus of the chip
       | shortage? Surely this means moving away from software, not
       | towards it?
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Most innovation which happens due to a chip shortage is going to
       | be along the wrong path once the shortage is alleviated.
       | Historians will look back on the bizarre, malnourished designs of
       | the "chip shortage era".
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | The biggest innovations will come when small companies (somehow)
       | get access to IC fabs.
        
       | nomoreusernames wrote:
       | I've been thinking about it. I think it could also lead to an era
       | of developers learning the lesson of constraint and writing
       | effective code once again :) they call me a dreamer...
        
       | tannhaeuser wrote:
       | Here's hoping that it could at least rid us of the inefficiency
       | that is web apps, seeing as we've seen unprecedented growth in
       | CPU power over the last decades, yet are still very much doing
       | the same stuff, if on other people's computers.
        
         | vkk8 wrote:
         | I'm surprised that this doesn't get brought up more often.
         | 
         | Somehow I have to upgrade all my hardware every few years,
         | which of course increases the demand for chips, even though the
         | software I use doesn't have much extra functionality over the
         | software I used ten years ago. Nicer UI, yes, and I would argue
         | that modern software is often more reliable than software ten
         | years ago, but these things shouldn't require faster hardware.
         | 
         | This might be against the ethos here on HN, but I'm still of
         | the opinion that 95% of the webpages would be much better if
         | they were written in plain HTML.
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | Replacing hardware components by software is not a new trend, it
       | was already a common process when I was hired to work as a real-
       | time/embedded software engineer in the automotive industry more
       | than twenty years ago...
        
       | cyberpsybin wrote:
       | Time to ban crypto. It's just another component of the extinction
       | speedrun.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | Banning the unbanable. How did that work out for the US War on
         | drugs?
         | 
         | Crypto is here to stay, stop fighting it. Instead try to fix
         | its issues.
        
           | ArkanExplorer wrote:
           | Crypto's primary use is as a speculative asset, and for tax
           | evasion/capital control evading/money laundering.
           | 
           | Drugs are a consumable, crypto is an item of exchange. If you
           | cannot exchange them, then they have no value.
           | 
           | About 60%+ of market activity is in the USA:
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1195753/bitcoin-
           | trading-...
           | 
           | The USA could ban online exchanges in the same way it has
           | banned online gambling.
           | 
           | Sure, trading could still occur via foreign exchanges, but
           | the pool of people willing to put money into the network
           | would shrink dramatically and the price - since the whole
           | thing is a ponzi scheme - would also fall dramatically.
           | 
           | If the price of Bitcoin or Ethereum was 5% of its current
           | value, the levels of electricity and advanced manufactured
           | goods dedicated to mining them would also fall to the same
           | extent.
           | 
           | Turkey (an economic minnow) banning exchanges, and a few
           | tweets from Elon Musk have been enough to send prices
           | tumbling 10-20%. Can you imagine if the USA banned the
           | exchanges?
           | 
           | Its also likely that allied nations eg. European countries,
           | Australia, Korea, Japan, India would follow a USA ban with
           | their own.
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | >About 60%+ of market activity is in the USA:
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1195753/bitcoin-
             | trading-...
             | 
             | I don't know where that report got its numbers from but
             | they're bullshit; the majority of trading takes place in
             | unregulated exchanges (that explicitly ban US customers)
             | like Binance and Huobi:
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/864738/leading-
             | cryptocur.... In large part because the US exchanges charge
             | outrageous fees. The US exchanges are popular with large
             | corporates because there's less counterparty risk, but the
             | majority of retail volume is traded outside the US, on
             | exchanges not hosted by US allies.
             | 
             | Plus, China is actively subsidising miners, and is
             | deliberately supporting the crypto ecosystem due to its
             | potential to further destabilise the US dollar's role as
             | global reserve currency.
        
             | duck2 wrote:
             | Exchanges are perfectly usable from Turkey.
             | 
             | What is banned is 1) paying for stuff with cryptocurrency
             | and 2) sending money to exchanges via "digital wallets",
             | you have to use bank transactions.
             | 
             | Looks like they are paving the ground to trace and tax
             | crypto investments.
             | 
             | So yeah, this supports your point anyway.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | macspoofing wrote:
       | ... or higher prices for devices making use of said chips.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | It would be great to think that this would result in more
       | recycling and use of old components, but I doubt it.
       | 
       | I'm fairly sure there's enough old unused raspberry pies in
       | peoples drawers that could be reutilised.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | The problem with cannibalizing existing parts is the following
         | scenario:
         | 
         | Chip X exists in Product A, which costs $10. Without Chip X,
         | Product B cannot be sold. Chip X is suffering from a shortage.
         | The gross margin on Product B is $1000. As a consequence, the
         | manufacturer of Product B buys a ton of Product A on Alibaba in
         | order to cannibalize it and harvest Chip X. Now the gross
         | margin on Product B is $990 (not so bad), but Product A is
         | nowhere to be found.
         | 
         | In other words, the shortage moves to the cheapest available
         | finished product that has Chip X in it, until marginal profit
         | reaches 0.
         | 
         | The consequence is obvious. Product C, which cannot be
         | manufactured without Product A, eventually becomes unavailable.
         | And so forth.
         | 
         | This is particularly gruesome in the semiconductor sector
         | because supply chains for finished goods are so long.
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | Good point, but I was referring to recycling discarded/end of
           | life products rather than cannibalising/harvesting from
           | unused hardware.
           | 
           | Obviously this would only be viable in low end devices (tooth
           | brushes rather than graphics cards). But there is already an
           | industry based around desoldering old parts and selling them
           | as 'fake' new ones - if this was done in scale with the parts
           | tested and a company could order 20K there would be a market.
        
           | intricatedetail wrote:
           | You cannot stick used chips in a new product, no?
        
             | helsinkiandrew wrote:
             | Why not - as long as the chips are tested and product works
             | and is guaranteed - this would actually be a selling point
             | to many people.
        
               | intricatedetail wrote:
               | Isn't it like selling a "new" car with used parts?
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | You just described current Macbook charging chip situation.
           | The only place to find Intersil isl9240 proprietary charging
           | chip, the one Apple forbade Intersil/Renesas to sell to
           | anybody but them, is in smart battery case for the iPhone XR
           | (A2121). https://twitter.com/hashtag/isl9240
           | 
           | Every time you need a $3 charger chip (real price of isl9241,
           | one at the end instead of zero) to fix a $3000 computer you
           | have to buy a $130 apple gadget, desolder it, and throw that
           | $130 apple garget including battery into garbage bin.
           | 
           | $3000 laptop turned to paperweight due to ISL9240
           | unavailability. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJ2jyo7pAmE
        
         | iforgotpassword wrote:
         | Entirely different topic, but thinking about how many people
         | got all hyped about the first pi and then realized it was just
         | a very slow PC and not something full of magic is depressing.
         | 
         | There must be a huge amount of pis that ended up in some drawer
         | after a few weeks, and because it's cheap it was never worth it
         | to sell it. And if you wanted one it was so cheap that it was
         | more convenient to order a new one than to deal with private
         | sellers on Craigslist just to save five bucks.
         | 
         | It would be great if we could repurpose all of them in some
         | halfway meaningful way, but at lest for commercial products
         | it's just not feasible.
        
       | NewAccount77 wrote:
       | Can we get back to reliable, analog devices that aren't smart and
       | don't spy on you instead?
        
         | pjerem wrote:
         | There is a tiny but interesting community around the concept of
         | low-tech that is about that, and more : objects you understand
         | (since you build them) and can repair yourself.
         | 
         | About the industrial production of such analog objects, I have
         | the intuition (maybe I'm wrong) that we lost the knowledge of
         | how to build complex mechanical objects at scale. Those objects
         | used to require a huge design work where now, all you have to
         | do is a plastic case enclosing a chip and some software
         | developers to bring it to life.
        
           | bserge wrote:
           | Objects such as?
        
             | kingsuper20 wrote:
             | You know, that's a good question.
             | 
             | Maybe sewing machines? Typewriters? Linotype machines?
             | 
             | I admit that it's all a mixed bag. Common use of
             | microcontrollers allows more cleverly designed electric
             | hand drills at lower cost, but they are mechanically more
             | poorly made than in days of yore.
             | 
             | Cars strike me as having the same problem, partly in the
             | ability to design with computers, not just having a
             | computer in the loop. Major components (transmissions, rear
             | ends, etc.) used to be built in a much more beefy way
             | partly because they were just guessing.
             | 
             | Luckily we are all free agents. We can buy old or we can
             | buy new.
        
           | NewAccount78 wrote:
           | Try talking against big tech openly on HN and see what
           | happens to your account.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | In my experience talking against big tech openly gets
             | upvoted to the tops of the comment threads
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | Any examples? I can't really think of anything analog that's
         | more reliable (or even as reliable) as digital...
        
           | hansel_der wrote:
           | maybe because you cant remember anything analog at all?
           | 
           | from top of my head some superior analog devices:
           | 
           | * kitchen/body scale * oven * radio * light switch *
           | thermostat
           | 
           | granted, it's mostly not per se because they are digital but
           | that their UI is now a touchscreen with input lag and without
           | any tactile response.
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | Yeah, by digital I mean anything using electronics instead
             | of mechanical tech.
             | 
             | And I really can't remember any even though I grew up with
             | them, weird huh.
             | 
             | Digital scales are smaller, lighter, more reliable. Radios
             | and thermostats, too (those bimetal plates analog ones use
             | are pretty bad).
             | 
             | Touch screens... I hate them but they're reliable, moreso
             | than hardware buttons if not stressed beyond specs.
             | 
             | I've never used digital light switches, analog are great.
             | 
             | Ovens, yeah, I have a really old one that just won't die,
             | I've worked on hundreds of them and it's always some
             | electronics fault (high heat and poor cooling will kill a
             | lot of components).
             | 
             | Good examples, thanks.
             | 
             | I will never miss carburetors and non-hydraulic clutches
             | and brakes ( _shudder_ ) though :D
        
         | FridayoLeary wrote:
         | Pre ECU cars are famous for their reliability, for example.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | This. <rolls eyes> Anyone remember carb cleaner or
           | adjustments?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | rasz wrote:
             | and fantastic fuel economy, not to mention eco
             | friendliness.
        
         | Heliosmaster wrote:
         | I wish, but the economic incentives move towards more spying
         | and less control from the user :(
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Just eat your soy and bugs.
        
       | blumomo wrote:
       | Shortage is a driver to creativity. This is what made Picasso
       | become famous and outstanding on his way: Picasso intentionally
       | constrained himself to only use lines, very simple shapes and
       | single colored areas as his toolbox. Although he could paint
       | photorealistic portraits when he was a teen, he intentionally
       | constrained himself to unleash creativity. It's the limited
       | amount of tools that we have, also when programming (a few
       | constructs like if/then, loops, boolean, integers, etc.) which
       | make us think "how to express this certain idea best?". If you
       | have boundless resources, there's no importance to be creative.
        
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