[HN Gopher] MIMO Radar Antenna Arrays
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       MIMO Radar Antenna Arrays
        
       Author : parsecs
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2021-05-15 05:57 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hforsten.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hforsten.com)
        
       | WJW wrote:
       | Nice article! I used to work in this field and there is an insane
       | amount of cool tricks you can do if you have enough signal
       | processing available. The first (obvious) one is that, since you
       | can switch beam direction as quickly as you can switch radio
       | frequency (ie thousands of times per second) it is no longer
       | necessary to give each target equal illumination time. It is for
       | example possible to mostly focus on the missiles inbound to your
       | vessel at mach 3 while still not losing track of all the other
       | traffic in the area. You can't really do that with older
       | mechanical antennas since the inertia would tear the assembly
       | apart.
       | 
       | The second is "colored space" radar, where you arrange the phases
       | and wavelengths in such a way that the same transceiver array can
       | generate multiple beams with different frequencies in different
       | directions, giving true parallel beamforming (not merely
       | concurrent as in the first example).
       | 
       | Finally, though every textbook introducing these concepts uses
       | transceivers arranged in a flat plane, that is not actually
       | required. For example, the F-35 uses "conformal antennas" that
       | are shaped like the rest of the airplane and uses a phenomenal
       | amount of signal processing to convert the resulting signals back
       | to "as if" the antenna had been a flat plane.
       | 
       | I have always wanted to experiment with these things and
       | rectennas to power small UAVs from afar so that they never have
       | to land, but never got around to it.
        
         | desertraven wrote:
         | I have always been fascinated by powering devices with
         | rectennas, but my research always turns up people "debunking"
         | this, despite there being able research papers. Could you
         | elaborate more on how you'd approach such a project?
         | 
         | Also may I ask what your current field is?
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | A lot of people with proposals in this direction (most with
           | only vague understanding about how electricity works, sadly)
           | are wildly optimistic about the efficiency of wireless power
           | transfer and wildly pessimistic about the efficiency of
           | physical wires. I don't think wireless power transmission
           | will ever replace large scale power transmission for
           | terrestrial applications for example. It is also not very
           | useful for powering small devices in (say) a room because the
           | rectenna array need to be "facing" the transmitter and you
           | can't guarantuee that for a phone in a pocket. You can make
           | it up by increasing the power, but it's easy to show that it
           | would need to transmit dangerous amount of EM radiation to
           | get a reasonable amount of power to the device(s) in all
           | scenarios. Hence the debunking.
           | 
           | That said, if transmission efficiency is not your absolute
           | main concern (such as would be the case when powering a
           | drone) and you can control the attitude of the receiver array
           | then it can absolutely be done. Apparently a Canadian
           | research institute built a rectenna-powered plane all the way
           | back in 1987 that could stay aloft for months. If I would go
           | into a project like this it'd be interesting to see why they
           | didn't continue with this and why "modern" long endurance
           | drones typically go for solar cells on the wings instead.
           | Tech-wise, getting some basic arrays up and running would be
           | a good idea too. Finally, I can imagine that a certain amount
           | of political goodwill would be needed as well, since high
           | power phased arrays and long endurance drones have obvious
           | military applications and most governments like to keep a
           | tight lid on military tech (for good reasons).
           | 
           | Current field is working as a combined Ruby/SRE freelancer,
           | helping local startups fix speed up their test suites and
           | fixing the sometimes terrible SQL queries ActiveRecord can
           | spit out if you are not careful. Quite different from my
           | previous field but a lot more freedom :)
        
         | touisteur wrote:
         | Oooh just give me a sensor array, infinite processing power and
         | watch the digital beamforming, space-time adaptive processing,
         | and millions convolutions dance...
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | Seems nearly impossible but it would be cool if SpaceX would
         | open up access to the RF capabilities of their Starlink user
         | terminal. Pretty impressive array for consumer electronics.
        
         | aspectmin wrote:
         | As to beaming power: Lasermotive worked on this problem for a
         | while, but (to UAVs), but have recently renamed and are now
         | working on delivering power over fiber.
         | 
         | The UAV power problem is still huge (for example, the military
         | needing to keep defensive, electric, UAVs aloft indefinitely vs
         | very short linger times.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerlight_Technologies
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | The folks at DARPA want to investigate the use of Machine
       | Learning math and tools to control and process antenna arrays.
       | See the Tensors for Reprogrammable Intelligent Array
       | Demonstrations (TRIAD) program, referenced here:
       | 
       | https://intelligencecommunitynews.com/darpa-releases-triad-a...
        
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