[HN Gopher] Microsoft is shutting down its Azure Blockchain Service
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Microsoft is shutting down its Azure Blockchain Service
        
       Author : Clewza313
       Score  : 245 points
       Date   : 2021-05-13 09:39 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.zdnet.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.zdnet.com)
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | Has Microsoft noticed that blockchains are just crappy databases,
       | or did their customers?
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Microsoft certainly knew that since the beginning.
        
       | kierenj wrote:
       | I used it to experiment - it was super easy to set up a
       | consortium, use their API to upload smart contracts, and try
       | stuff out. Easy UI for visualising stuff. Can't think of an
       | actual use-case, really.. but for experimenting, it was handy.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Good. The concept of a centrally supplied & managed blockchain
       | was ridiculous from the start
        
       | lars wrote:
       | Similar to how "god of the gaps" arguments work, there's a "god
       | of complexity" phenomenon in tech, where people will project
       | infinite possibilities onto technology they don't understand.
       | 
       | Blockchain is a brilliant solution to an extremely rare problem.
       | It lets you do distributed consensus among untrusted nodes in a
       | setting where contributing compute power is economically
       | incentivized (e.g. where there's mining). That applies to
       | cryptocurrencies, but basically nothing else.
       | 
       | It's amazing how much bullshit has been pitched under the flag of
       | "blockchain". Millions of dollars have been poured into projects
       | that are technically unsound or that had no use for a blockchain
       | to begin with. This has been going on for years.
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | I've said it before, and I'll say it again:
         | 
         | It's because "blockchain" software is a thing that already
         | exists, but its superclass, "distributed log of signed proofs"
         | software, _isn't_ a thing that already exists (except in the
         | form of the subclass, blockchain software.)
         | 
         | There are tons of use-cases for which a "distributed log of
         | signed proofs" is the perfect fit. Have you got an architecture
         | where nodes independently make "stuff" and want to publish it
         | "somewhere" for other nodes to find -- where the other nodes
         | have some independent criterion they can apply to validate
         | published "stuff" to decide whether to accept or ignore it for
         | their own use? For example, have you got a sharded data
         | warehouse, where each shard is publishing its own write-ahead
         | log segments for replicas of that shard to use? Well, add a
         | "distributed log of signed proofs", and now your closed data
         | warehouse becomes an open network where anyone can have their
         | own "shard", and anyone can choose to replicate from a "shard"
         | they trust.
         | 
         | (Yes, DHTs and/or gossip networks are sort of like this -- but
         | neither provides durability or linearization. If you want a new
         | node to be able to look up historical "stuff" from publisher-
         | nodes that aren't online any more, then you need durability;
         | and if you want your "stuff" validation algorithm to -- at
         | least within a sliding window -- reject duplicate "stuff" from
         | the log, then you need linearization.)
         | 
         | It just so happens that all the software that exists, that
         | offers the "distributed log of signed proofs" guarantee, also
         | offers the _additional_ guarantee of all the nodes doing the
         | validation of proofs serially, reducing over each new proof
         | against an accumulator of an existing global consensus state,
         | to build a new global consensus state, where proofs can only be
         | valid _relative to_ a specific "base" global consensus state.
         | We call such proofs-relative-to-a-state "blocks", and we call
         | the resulting system "a blockchain."
         | 
         | Most of these use-cases don't _need_ that additional guarantee.
         | It doesn't get them anything, _and_ it costs a lot (e.g. in the
         | inability to concurrently validate proofs; in the requirement
         | to keep a forever-growing durable representation of global
         | consensus state around on disk; etc.)
         | 
         | But the people building these systems are generally practical
         | engineers, who "buy" blockchain software (and just ignore the
         | features they don't need), rather than attempting to "build"
         | their own "distributed log of signed proofs" software with no
         | known antecedent.
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | I am coming to think that it's precisely the "distributed"
           | bit that nobody really wants.
           | 
           | For example, distributed version control systems are often
           | held up as an example of some form of precedent for
           | blockchain-type technologies. But I've never actually seen a
           | truly distributed (in the blockchain sense) deployment of
           | Git. It's technically possible, but it just doesn't seem to
           | happen.
           | 
           | Similarly, I'm not sure people _actually_ want immutability.
           | They want the ability to edit history, they just want it to
           | not be an everyday thing. In a discussion about the relative
           | merits of different distributed version control systems,
           | someone invariably points out that the thing Git has that
           | makes it more usable in practice than any of the others is
           | that it allows you to rewrite history. In the repositories I
           | manage, I even mandate it, in the form of requiring people to
           | rebase before merging into the main branch so that we can
           | linearize history. As salty former Mercurial user, I used to
           | do the opposite and ban the practice, until I realized that
           | rebasing and squashing is more practical in the long run. I
           | 'm trying to run a software project, not an episode of
           | _Hoarders._
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | >"distributed" bit that nobody really wants
             | 
             | Distributed adds complexity but is pretty much essential
             | for illegal activities which is why it is needed for
             | cryptocurrencies which would otherwise be shut down for not
             | KYCing everything and bittorrent which would be shut for
             | copyright infringement. Otherwise centralized is usually
             | easier.
        
             | rektide wrote:
             | > For example, distributed version control systems are
             | often held up as an example of some form of precedent for
             | blockchain-type technologies. But I've never actually seen
             | a truly distributed (in the blockchain sense) deployment of
             | Git. It's technically possible, but it just doesn't seem to
             | happen.
             | 
             | The truth is, git provides only a narrow set of
             | capabilities we use for development. Git being
             | decentralized is insufficient. That is why the world uses
             | github (and to lesser degrees bitbucket & gitlab): they
             | provide the collaborative experience, they provide
             | regulation/control/flow across the distributed systems.
             | 
             | There is ongoing & active work to build many of these
             | social protocols ("Pull requests", code comments, issues,
             | &c) in a distributed fashion, under the ForgeFed[1]
             | project. Popular git workspace applications such as Gitea
             | are working towards implementations.
             | 
             | It's been long overdue, but we're filling in the gaps, to
             | make a distributed git possible & interesting.
             | Historically, one of the few & only successful models of
             | distributed/decentralized development has been the Linux
             | kernel itself, which has stuck to using patches sent by
             | email to coordinate the distributed work. But that status
             | quo will soon be changing, or at least, there will be other
             | options, than github or email.
             | 
             | [1] https://forgefed.peers.community/
        
             | Terretta wrote:
             | Distributed immutable ledger is astonishingly relevant in a
             | variety of security and financial (and financial security)
             | areas, but good luck explaining to the non-tech execs why
             | they should fund projects using that rather than FOMO on
             | "but blockchain!!!"
             | 
             | For purposes of talking w/ execs or boards, there are
             | something like seven yes/no reasonably explainable
             | properties of chains of blocks that toggled some ways give
             | you alt coins and in one particular other way give you a
             | fantastically high performance distributed ledger a trusted
             | authority can keep an eye on -- you can have your cake and
             | eat it too if you aren't being a coin.
             | 
             | Businesses often want that outcome, but they verbalize what
             | they want as "bLoCkChAiN!!! to the moon!!!" and it's tech's
             | job to say wait, what are you trying to do?
             | 
             | Quite probably, they actually could benefit from something
             | like QLDB:
             | 
             | https://aws.amazon.com/qldb/
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | > Distributed immutable ledger is astonishingly relevant
               | in a variety of security and financial (and financial
               | security) areas
               | 
               | I'm not so sure about that. IANAL, but I suspect that, at
               | least under US law, a distributed immutable ledger would
               | actually be illegal in many cases. The entire legal
               | environment is set up around the idea that there is a
               | system of record, and that system of record has a single
               | custodian, and that custodian is not just responsible for
               | tending to it, but also someone to whom you can appeal
               | (or sue) for remediation if something goes wrong.
               | 
               | The immutable bit is also often incompatible. There are
               | laws and contracts out there laying out cases where data
               | needs to be deleted - not reverted, not being flagged as
               | no longer relevant, actually deleted - from the record.
               | In the US, the Fair Credit Reporting Act is probably the
               | most familiar example, but there are others.
               | 
               | Yes, we can say that it hasn't taken off because people
               | just don't understand it because it's a complex technical
               | topic. But we should also consider the possibility that
               | the business environment in which we are trying to
               | ininuate ourselves is a complex technical topic, too. And
               | also watch out for Chesterton's Fence.
        
               | derefr wrote:
               | I think you're talking about different use-cases than the
               | person you're replying to.
               | 
               | A distributed immutable ledger has many uses other than
               | recording voluntary transactions, or even recording
               | things to do with specific people.
               | 
               | For example, such a ledger can be used to create a
               | tamper-proof security-camera footage log. Just hashes of
               | exported video files, locked into a chain at time of
               | export. You can redact the videos themselves (i.e. make
               | all copies of the referenced video unavailable), but you
               | can't change the hash, and so there's no party you can
               | collude with to _substitute_ one video for another. Even
               | if you 're a state actor. You either have the videos --
               | which can be proven to be the _right_ videos -- or you
               | don 't; but you'll never be able to present the _wrong_
               | videos.
               | 
               | Or, in the same vein, a chain-of-custody log for the
               | contents of a safety deposit box at a bank. Any time
               | someone opens the box, an entry is automatically appended
               | to the log saying what authorization (e.g. access card)
               | was used to open the box. Once again, the fact that the
               | log is distributed on a wider multi-party-controlled
               | system, makes it impossible (or at least impractical) for
               | the bank itself to tamper with the logs to steal
               | something from your box.
               | 
               | These are "finance" / "security" / "financial security"
               | use-cases. But they're not PII. There's no point at which
               | any of this data would ever legally require redaction or
               | purging, because it doesn't relate to a specific client
               | profile. It relates either to _metadata of_ public-point-
               | of-view sensory data capture; or it relates to _employee_
               | actions against customer accounts, where the mapping back
               | to an individual isn 't given in the public log but
               | rather exists in a private database.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > For example, such a ledger can be used to create a
               | tamper-proof security-camera footage log.
               | 
               | What's the use-case here - who are the untrustworthy
               | individuals that society needs to protect itself against?
               | Societal trust is currently rooted in _people_ - it will
               | not be switched over to machines /distributed ledgers any
               | time soon. This is why people can write affidavits/get
               | sworn in to say "That video's legit" under pain of
               | perjury. Frankly, there's little money in turning over
               | trust to a blockchain when there is an
               | individual/organization that can be interrogated. It's
               | not perfect, but trying to perfect it has (evidently)
               | diminishing returns
        
             | throwawaygh wrote:
             | Git is used almost exclusively in a centralized fashion.
             | The use patterns really aren't all that different from SVN,
             | even if having a local copy is kinda nice. But, like you
             | said, having a local copy isn't really the same thing as
             | decentralized. "master" is still a thing.
             | 
             | More importantly, the next big shift in version control
             | technology is/will be _back toward centralization_.
             | 
             | You already see this with eg Google Docs. Far inferior to
             | Word, but preferred by many because of the free and highly
             | functional live-multi-collaborator-editing feature.
             | 
             | Someday we'll look back and wonder why merge hell lasted so
             | long into the age of ubiquitous gigabit internet. Not that
             | there won't sometimes be merges, but far rarer.
        
               | jayd16 wrote:
               | Bit of a nitpick but even in a team with a central
               | origin, I think git is still mostly used in a
               | decentralized way. Try to use Perforce on spotty internet
               | vs git. There's a big difference.
               | 
               | Merge is a fundamental issue across all source control.
               | Its not going away.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | Git is very much used in a distributed fashion. Eg, on
               | github.
               | 
               | Right now, I'm working on one of the forks of a dead
               | commercial project.
               | 
               | Our fork in turn has 61 forks right now, some of which
               | may diverge further and have multiple people working on
               | them, which at some point may or not contribute things
               | upstream.
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | But not in the blockchain sense. All those forks aren't
               | independently contributing to a single source of truth in
               | a peer-to-peer manner.
               | 
               | In practice, those forks generally serve one of two
               | purposes. Either they're for working separately on
               | changes that you intend to submit upstream to the agreed-
               | upon central repository, or you're intending to
               | legitimately fork the project and create your own new
               | central repository that's relatively independent of the
               | original.
               | 
               | Despite from the fact that, thanks to our industry's love
               | for overloading technical jargon, we happen to use the
               | word "distributed" to describe both use cases, they're
               | really quite different in practice.
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | They kind of are. I mean, the hierarchical structure is
               | mostly fictional. In git any fork is as valid as any
               | other. This is very much unlike any SVN setup. Any of
               | those forks could conceivably become the main one, if the
               | former official repo died, or somebody just started
               | developing their fork faster.
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | That's what I'm getting at, though. Even though Git does
               | support a non-hierarchical organization structure, nobody
               | actually uses it that way.
               | 
               | Almost as if not every tool in search of a problem
               | eventually finds one.
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | But they do. Not 100% of the time, certainly, but it very
               | much happens.
               | 
               | Eg, under SVN, people would check-out our project, do
               | some work and then either need commit rights, or create a
               | patch.
               | 
               | Under git, people have full power to clone the entire
               | thing, explore the entire history, rewrite whatever they
               | want to, easily collaborate with other people with the
               | same interests, and then maybe submit it all upstream.
               | 
               | So for instance right now in Vircadia we're having a big
               | project of redoing the scripting engine. This work could
               | conceivably take months, and thanks to git it doesn't
               | have to happen in the main repo. It can happen between
               | the people interested in that part of the code, where
               | even several people can collaborate on a gigantic PR that
               | would hopefully get merged in the end. SVN doesn't allow
               | for that kind of workflow.
               | 
               | Yes, the high level view is still centralized, but the
               | ability to break away from the centralization to do
               | something big is very helpful and important. Even if it's
               | not the dominant way of working.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | The very notion that you are a fork, and that you have
               | forks, implies a hierarchical sense of authority. And I
               | think that's the thing that confuses a lot of these
               | debates: "Distributed" can mean "independent nodes", and
               | it can mean "hierarchical authority".
               | 
               | Almost everybody is OK with the latter, and that's the
               | only issue that blockchain meaningfully addresses.
        
               | aeturnum wrote:
               | I think it is worth thinking about systems which do not
               | have (or need) a single source of truth (i.e. git) v.s.
               | systems which include a mechanism for an arbitrarily
               | number of nodes arriving at a single source of truth
               | (i.e. blockchain).
               | 
               | I agree that there are often many versions of a git repo
               | at different places and the system gets much of its
               | utility from that quality. But this strength actually
               | comes from git eschewing the idea of a central truth. You
               | can have one or more remote git repo with different sets
               | of commits. You can freely integrate whatever changes you
               | want. That flexibility allows the free movement and
               | sharing of code, but it is key in that movement that the
               | system does not force a single idea of truth.
               | 
               | The blockchain allows new and old nodes to participate in
               | a process of agreeing on a central truth. This is
               | actually very cool from a technical perspective, but I
               | think it's pretty rare that we want it in a technical
               | system. Most things, like git, benefit from the ability
               | to branch when needed and use social organization to
               | handle centralization (e.x: linux development centralizes
               | on the linux kernel git because the kernel development
               | community has agreed to use that particular git, there
               | are no protocol requirements to do so, and various
               | branches are independently created in various places to
               | the benefit of all).
        
               | velcrovan wrote:
               | Github is not an example of decentralization. Github is
               | _the center hub_ for the vast majority of git-managed
               | projects. The fact that you can fork a repo is not the
               | kind of distributed use we 're talking about. Github is
               | still the "default" host for those forked repos, and the
               | identity provider for people working on most software
               | projects. That's centralization.
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | Github is a completely optional thing though. If it were
               | to die tomorrow, everyone still has the code locally, and
               | code sharing is still very much possible.
        
               | velcrovan wrote:
               | That is also not what is meant by decentralization in the
               | blockchain sense. A decentralized use of git would be a
               | graph with no central hub: each developer syncing their
               | repo with one or more other developers directly, not with
               | a central "source-of-truth" repo. In reality if Github
               | disappeared everyone would just find a new host to
               | centralize on. Furthermore Github creates lock-in by
               | hosting data that actually would not survive any
               | migration attempts: issue tracking and pull request
               | discussions.
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | You were the person who wrote "Eg, on github."
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | Yes, it just didn't come out quite right.
               | 
               | The main reason to mention github at all is that it gives
               | me stats. There's probably a bunch more repositories out
               | there just from people doing git clone, but I can't count
               | them.
               | 
               | Also, while github helps it's not a critical part of the
               | whole thing. If it disappeared it wouldn't be a critical
               | problem. Everybody would still have the source, and could
               | figure a way to reconnect again.
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | I think mumblemumble hit the nail on the head -- this
               | isn't really distributed in the same sense as, e.g.,
               | blockchain. There is no peer-to-peer distributed ledger,
               | no consensus mechanism, etc.
               | 
               | In addition to what they said, I'll also point out
               | something else that's perhaps even more important -- you
               | just measured "number of forks" in terms of the number of
               | forks on github (as opposed to eg the number of people
               | who have git cloned the repo).
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | A peer-to-peer distributed ledger isn't needed for
               | decentralization. It's just how Bitcoin does it.
               | 
               | Also, I used github and its number of forks because it's
               | the number I can easily work with. I have no clue how
               | many copies of our tree are floating out there, nor is
               | there a way of finding out.
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | > A peer-to-peer distributed ledger isn't needed for
               | decentralization.
               | 
               | You _can_ chuck blockchain out of the conversation like
               | that. But then we 'd no longer be having a conversation
               | about blockchain.
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | But we aren't. We're talking about git. We're having a
               | digression from the main topic because git is kinda
               | tangentially related.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | guenthert wrote:
               | > You already see this with eg Google Docs. Far inferior
               | to Word, but preferred by many because of the free and
               | highly functional live-multi-collaborator-editing
               | feature.
               | 
               | Only for those in (roughly) the same time zone, which
               | appears to be less often the case today.
               | 
               | I've seen a lot of different VCS, all the way back to
               | RCS. I don't want to go back to the awful scheme of
               | versioned virtual filesystem like the one of ClearCase.
               | You can pry git from my cold, dead fingers.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | TimJRobinson wrote:
           | Scuttlebutt and GUN.eco seem to be what you're describing.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | > That applies to cryptocurrencies, but basically nothing else.
         | 
         | A shared append-only document is useful for a number of
         | applications.
         | 
         | > It's amazing how much bullshit has been pitched under the
         | flag of "blockchain". Millions of dollars have been poured into
         | projects that are technically unsound or that had no use for a
         | blockchain to begin with.
         | 
         | Capitalism is very good at extracting wealth gradients out of
         | information ones.
        
         | lordlimecat wrote:
         | >Blockchain is a brilliant solution to an extremely rare
         | problem.
         | 
         | This is the most concise way I have seen of summarizing
         | blockchain and its problems.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | This is common with new technology. It was amazing what was
         | sold under web 2.0. It was amazing what was sold before the
         | dotcom craze.
         | 
         | Blockchains are here to stay. Replacing money is probably not a
         | medium term goal but allowing trustless entities to reach an
         | agreement could be interesting. No one has explored it in
         | smaller non-global settings like a classroom where the first
         | one to get the answer wins.
         | 
         | Not trusting your peers is the future.
        
           | Godel_unicode wrote:
           | > classroom where the first one to get the answer wins.
           | 
           | Why on earth would you need a blockchain for this?
        
             | bob33212 wrote:
             | If you didn't trust the teacher. The distributed ledger
             | would prevent them from editing the database of timestamps.
             | But then the question is, if you don't trust the teacher
             | why are you in their class?
        
               | Godel_unicode wrote:
               | A useful exercise in determining whether you need a
               | blockchain is asking yourself "why would a Google sheet
               | with track changes not work here".
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | This is more about trust between peer groups like
               | students vs students or larger groups like departments vs
               | departments.
               | 
               | Imagine a schoolwide project like a fundraiser. Everyone
               | is selling chocolate bars to fund new uniforms. Whoever
               | donates the most gets to decide which team gets a bonus
               | amount. The proof is money received. The coins are
               | distributed.
               | 
               | Why do you need a teacher to manage this?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | In a classroom you only need a proof of something happening.
           | A separate answer-checking (or even just timestamping)
           | service is a few times easier to create and operate.
        
             | newacct583 wrote:
             | > A separate [...] service is a few times easier to create
             | and operate
             | 
             | Because it relies on trust in the service. Blockchains
             | don't. You can run a validation regime for anything you
             | want on a blockchain: legal, illegal, anonymous, public,
             | anything. Store any data you want and you can verify for
             | all of posterity that it was stored before the block
             | timestamp.
             | 
             | That's the feature, anyway. But you're right, _in practice_
             | (1) it 's generally trivial to find a trusted service for
             | what you want to do (trust is cheap for almost everything)
             | and (2) actually implementing this kind of thing on a
             | blockchain is a huge mess (bitcoin et. al. are _EXTREMELY_
             | expensive vs. just trusting someone).
             | 
             | Maybe (2) will be addressed at some point by improved
             | technology. But really (1) is the thing that makes this a
             | failing proposition. Libertarian fantasy-spinning
             | notwithstanding, the only people who _really need_ the
             | blockchain are doing shit the rest of us don 't want them
             | to do.
        
               | Godel_unicode wrote:
               | Except they do. Blockchains rely on a majority of actors
               | not getting together to commit fraud. This is somewhat
               | reasonable but still a real concern at the kind of scale
               | Bitcoin has; getting 51% of the children in a class to
               | gang up on someone for the lolz is trivial.
               | 
               | They rely on the mechanism which converts from physical
               | to digital being reliable and trusted. Vaccine passports
               | on a blockchain provide exactly 0 assurance that the
               | pharmacist wasn't bribed.
               | 
               | They rely on the blockchain software being free from bugs
               | and no-one-but-us trapdoors. Ask the OpenSSL community
               | how easy verifying crypto code is.
               | 
               | Blockchains are not a magic solution to all trust
               | problems.
        
           | newdude116 wrote:
           | I don't see many applications for blockchain. The only
           | application is where you don't want to have a trusted central
           | party, be it a company or a government.
           | 
           | I see many start-ups advertising and betting on a blockchain
           | technology by something that could be easier solved with a
           | regular, central database. Are they just bullshitting?
           | 
           | Digital vaccination passports it an example. Why do you need
           | the blockchain? A central government signature/database
           | solves this problem.
        
             | srmarm wrote:
             | That's the bit that gets me confused, with cryptocurrencies
             | there is a clear link between the computer processing and
             | the 'thing' you're representing (i.e crypto hashes).
             | 
             | With say a digital vaccination passport the 'thing' you're
             | wanting to prove is that someone is vaccinated and the
             | interface between the blockchain and the real world still
             | requires a trusted central party(s) - whoever certifies the
             | efficacy and safety of the vaccine, that the batch is legit
             | and that it was actually administered competently and to
             | the person in this case.
             | 
             | As with many of these applications there doesn't seem to be
             | an existing problem with a trusted central party or
             | immutability to solve
        
             | dcolkitt wrote:
             | For vaccination passports, I don't think you even need a
             | database. Public key signatures work fine. "John Smith is
             | officially vaccinated. Love, Cook County Health
             | Department". No persistent service even necessary. John can
             | just keep that QR code on his phone.
             | 
             | Blockchain or trusted database authority is only necessary
             | when there's the risk of double spend. Like I try to sell
             | my house to two different people at the same time. With
             | vaccine passports there's no risk. Either you're vaccinated
             | or not.
        
               | yrro wrote:
               | You need a service that verifiers can query to determine
               | if the signature has been revoked too...
        
           | bydlocoder wrote:
           | As far as I remember, Web 2.0 was about platforms enabling
           | P2P interaction between users and we have tons of this stuff
           | - social networks, marketplaces, gig apps...
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | Can you provide an example of Web 2.0 snake oil? I remember
           | the shift from 1.0 to a more JS/AJAX based web. It was still
           | the web, something hundreds of millions used.
           | 
           | >No one has explored it in smaller non-global settings like a
           | classroom where the first one to get the answer wins.
           | 
           | What?
        
             | srmarm wrote:
             | I thought web 2.0 was more about communication flow, i.e
             | rather than a bunch of people publishing a website for
             | others to consume we have more of a two way communication
             | (i.e social media). There was a bunch of tech that enabled
             | it and came along at the same time and a very clear style
             | that accompanied it though.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | There are good articles that talk about what the
               | difference between 1.0 and 2.0 were. The transition was
               | definitely more fluid than what numbers like "1.0" might
               | indicate.
               | 
               | Web 2.0 for me was dynamic web apps like Google Docs that
               | refreshed in real-time. Streaming video and web games
               | were also a big part of this. The early Youtube and
               | Dailymotion sites used Flash until HTML5 support was
               | widespread enough to deprecate it.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | Here is an article written on techcrunch years ago. The
             | snakeoil is still alive in many services we all use:
             | facebook, youtube, tiktok, instagram..
             | 
             | It seems quaint to imagine now but the original vision for
             | the web was not an information superhighway. Instead, it
             | was a newspaper that fed us only the news we wanted. This
             | was the central thesis brought forward in the late 1990s
             | and prophesied by thinkers like Bill Gates - who expected a
             | beautiful, customized "road ahead" - and Clifford Stoll who
             | saw only snake oil. At the time, it was the most compelling
             | use of the Internet those thinkers thought possible. This
             | concept - that we were to be coddled by a hive brain
             | designed to show us exactly what we needed to know when we
             | needed to know it - continued apace until it was supplanted
             | by the concept of User Generated Content - UGC - a related
             | movement that tore down gatekeepers and all but destroyed
             | propriety in the online world.
             | 
             | That was the arc of Web 2.0: the move from one-to-one
             | conversations in Usenet or IRC and into the global
             | newspaper. Further, this created a million one-to-many
             | conversations targeted at tailor-made audiences of fans,
             | supporters, and, more often, trolls. This change gave us
             | what we have today: a broken prism that refracts humanity
             | into none of the colors except black or white. UGC, that
             | once-great idea that anyone could be as popular as a rock
             | star, fell away to an unmonetizable free-for-all that
             | forced brands and advertisers to rethink how they reached
             | audiences. After all, on a UGC site it's not a lot of fun
             | for Procter & Gamble to have Downy Fabric Softener
             | advertised next to someone's racist rant against Muslims in
             | a Starbucks.
             | 
             | Still the Valley took these concepts and built monetized
             | cesspools of self-expression. Facebook, Instagram, YouTube,
             | and Twitter are the biggest beneficiaries of outrage
             | culture and the eyeballs brought in by its continuous
             | refreshment feed their further growth. These sites are Web
             | 2.0 at its darkest epitome, a quiver of arrows that strikes
             | at our deepest, most cherished institutions and bleeds us
             | of kindness and forethought.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | I remember making a website for someone back in 2008 or so.
             | He asked if it would be Web 2.0 compatible.
        
           | reificator wrote:
           | A classroom has a trusted central authority. Even assuming
           | some kind of educational benefit from students racing to be
           | first, how on earth does blockchain accomplish anything
           | there?
           | 
           | I really really hope that all the blockchain hype is from
           | people who got in early and want to pump up the value before
           | they get out. Because otherwise the invented solutions and
           | worse invented problems are too absurd for me to handle.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | We see examples already where a central authority is not
             | necessary like peer grading.
             | 
             | The race condition could work in a bonus question where the
             | first person to answer correctly takes the bonus marks.
             | Students would have the opportunity to submit answers, get
             | confirmed correct without the teacher needing to manage
             | this.
             | 
             | That central authority is a bottleneck and at times
             | corrupt. We don't trust central authority in government so
             | three different levels of government have to reach an
             | alignment for a law to be passed. Police powers are
             | separate from judigical powers for a reason.
             | Decentralization balances interests.
        
               | reificator wrote:
               | > _That central authority is a bottleneck and at times
               | corrupt. We don 't trust central authority in government
               | so three different levels of government have to reach an
               | alignment for a law to be passed. Police powers are
               | separate from judigical powers for a reason.
               | Decentralization balances interests._
               | 
               | That is a hell of a lot to write about checks and
               | balances to try to defend the absurd concept of a
               | blockchain classroom quiz. This is exactly what I mean
               | when I say I hope people are just trying to pump up the
               | value and don't actually think this is a solution that
               | provides any value.
               | 
               | If you have a corrupt teacher that can't be
               | trusted/abuses their power somehow, the blockchain is not
               | going to magically improve your education. The concept is
               | absurd.
               | 
               | If you're writing a classroom quiz where students race to
               | finish, a server to handle grading and track scores is
               | the way to go. Or if the device is locked down do the
               | grading there and just take a timestamp.
               | 
               | Hello dystopian future where I get quoted like the famous
               | Dropbox post. I hope I'm not still there amongst you.
        
         | cryptica wrote:
         | >> Blockchain is a brilliant solution to an extremely rare
         | problem
         | 
         | It's not a rare problem. Fiat currencies don't work for the
         | majority of people. The problem is ubiquitous. We need to
         | separate money from state and blockchain provides a mechanism
         | to do that.
         | 
         | Just because fiat works for a handful of rich people, doesn't
         | mean that it works for everyone. Everyone can see that the
         | current system is unfair.
        
           | NicoJuicy wrote:
           | Sure, 1 random guy tweeting is way better than a state actor.
        
           | whateveracct wrote:
           | rofl you know someone is crypto-sick when they say fist
           | currency only works for "a handful of rich people."
        
         | UnpossibleJim wrote:
         | Technically, there are multiple tracking applications, but
         | they're more easily and cheaply handled with in place
         | technologies, is the issue. If you were designing and building
         | tracking ultra secure shipping infrastructure from the ground
         | up, where everyone had to be held absolutely responsible, then
         | there's an edge case for it, maybe.... But the use cases for
         | blockchain are pretty small. Like small batch digital art
         | assets and the like.
        
         | matthewaveryusa wrote:
         | >contributing compute power is economically incentivized
         | 
         | I think this is the aspect in blockchain that has really been
         | stretched. Most problems are within closed networks and solved
         | with digital signatures -- is the act of signing a record proof
         | of work? If you squint hard enough and razzle-dazzle it enough
         | I could see how you could call it that -- or simply call it a
         | database with a signature column :)
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | I'm always saddened that the energy that goes into those
           | blockchain signatures is basically wasted.
           | 
           | Why couldn't bitcoin work by having the miners fold proteins
           | or something? Proof of work comes from advancing the state of
           | the art just a hair each time. Imagine if all of the
           | computation power being used to prop up bitcoin were also
           | doing something productive?
        
             | SubiculumCode wrote:
             | Proof of Stake is taking over, in Ethereal, Polygon, and
             | other alt coins.
        
             | motohagiography wrote:
             | Arguably, it's doing something very desirable. Maybe invent
             | a protein coin?
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Even if you think the Blockchain itself is valuable, the
               | "proof of work" is almost entirely wasted in the end.
               | Some trillions of hash computations are thrown away for
               | each one that is used.
        
               | motohagiography wrote:
               | Even as a blockchain non-fan, those computations are
               | necessary to produce the desirable thing, and the same
               | could be said for protein folding. There are a lot of
               | great and devastating criticisms of blockchains, but the
               | environmental concern is more of a proxy or even
               | dogwhistle for a general political objection to
               | cryptocurrencies - even reasonable objections in the
               | context of their worldview. Greenwashing those objections
               | seems like a canard.
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | I think you two are disagreeing on what "the desirable
               | thing" means. You're saying it's creating the
               | bitcoin/blockchain which is the desirable result. But
               | they're saying that "desirable result" here is actually
               | just computing a SHA-256 below a certain threshold. Sure
               | you get the blockchain as a result, but does it really
               | need to be SHA-256? As long as you have a "hash" function
               | with a statistically predictable amount of CPU usage to
               | generate a "successful" result, that function could maybe
               | be something more meaningful. I have no idea if you could
               | quantify protein folding into some sort of statistically
               | predictable successful/unsuccessful CPU process.
        
               | hackinthebochs wrote:
               | These already exist, e.g. foldingcoin. One problem is
               | that they require a centralized authority to approve and
               | distribute workloads, and so this entity has undesirable
               | power over the network. I do believe there are some
               | cryptocurrencies where you can submit arbitrary workloads
               | and you pay for it with the currency of the network. But
               | they never took off, probably because they don't match
               | the efficiency and/or data privacy of AWS.
        
           | shawnz wrote:
           | > is the act of signing a record proof of work?
           | 
           | The idea behind proof-of-work is to add a cost to inserts, so
           | that inserting wrong information is too costly to be
           | profitable. Whereas inserting correct information makes you
           | eligible for rewards that negate the cost of having inserted
           | it.
        
             | mumblemumble wrote:
             | That one's always struck me. At least if you squint, that
             | would imply that blockchain's fraud-prevention strategy
             | hinges on nobody ever using the blockchain to handle
             | anything too valuable or important.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Yes, there is a limit to the security that a
               | cryptocurrency can provide (like with anything else). The
               | level of security provided is based on the market price:
               | The higher the price, the higher the rewards, which
               | increases the profitability of mining, thus leading to
               | more miners, which then increases the amount of
               | competition you'll have if you want to post wrong
               | information. Since there is a fixed rate of new data
               | which can be added, that's what defines the cost of
               | inserting data to the blockchain.
               | 
               | An attacker with a lot of resources (>50% of current
               | mining power consumption) could use their resources to
               | post wrong information, but it would need to be
               | profitable enough to make up for the immense costs. It's
               | unlikely there would be such a situation where an
               | attacker could recover the costs for such an attack. At
               | best they would be spending a lot of money to cause a
               | temporary network disruption as the "fair players" move
               | to a forked coin or similar.
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | So, I can see that argument following for something like
               | Bitcoin. Though I think that part of that is because
               | cryptocurrency doesn't actually have any intrinsic value.
               | So an attack on, say, the Bitcoin network would also have
               | the effect of devaluing the very thing you're trying to
               | compromise.
               | 
               | But it does seem to be something you need to contend with
               | when looking for new uses. Most new ideas people are
               | thinking up have to do with something that exists outside
               | the blockchain itself. And that, not Bitcoin, is what
               | Azure Blockchain Service was really about. The merits of
               | cryptocurrency as an application of blockchain are
               | largely irrelevant to this discussion.
               | 
               | My sense is that the general pattern for most other uses
               | is that the number of potential legitimate participants
               | in the blockchain system is likely be inversely
               | proportional to the overall importance of the thing the
               | blockchain is trying to manage. Everyone can get in on
               | something like CryptoKitties, but there are probably very
               | few natural participants in a blockchain network for
               | managing nuclear fuel resources.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | You can use it to handle anything whose value to an
               | attacker is less than the cost of attacking the network
               | as a whole right? May not be following though.
        
             | this_user wrote:
             | That is true, but it's also useless for almost all
             | applications. Because in the real world agreements,
             | contracts, and laws exist to create trusted relationships
             | between parties. Relying on an inefficient technical
             | solution instead is neither necessary nor desirable.
        
         | axiosgunnar wrote:
         | Millions? Billions.
        
         | davewritescode wrote:
         | There's also the fact that small blockchain networks become
         | less useful the smaller they become because while it's
         | impossible to change history, 51% attacks can make a blockchain
         | not function in optimal ways. When you have a massive network
         | of nodes and the incentives not devalue the thing you're trying
         | to earn it works.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | That. It's yet to be seen how a blockchain that required
           | specialized hardware reacts to a shrinking user base.
           | 
           | If there exists more hardware than what's active mining, and
           | it can not be used for anything else, will there be enough
           | incentives not to use it in a harmful way?
        
           | simias wrote:
           | Meanwhile larger networks become increasingly inefficient
           | because without trust all transactions have to be checked and
           | rechecked and rechecked and rechecked. But fear not,
           | $magical_solution is around the corner and will resolve all
           | of this! It's been coming for 5 years now, so you know it's
           | due any minute now.
        
         | simias wrote:
         | Some of it is that, some of it is just simple greed. Many
         | people think they're too good to fall for pyramid schemes and
         | MLM, yet they'll dump money into cryptocurrencies or some meme
         | stock because they think it'll make them millionaires.
         | 
         | I too believe that the blockchain is mostly useless outside of
         | buying drugs online, yet I don't think cryptocurrencies are
         | going anywhere any time soon. It's effectively become a casino
         | for millenials and zoomers where everybody hopes to become a
         | millionaire overnight. Some even succeeded.
         | 
         | No amount of technical argumentation is going to change that.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | > _I too believe that the blockchain is mostly useless
           | outside of buying drugs online_
           | 
           | Decentralized financial tools like Uniswap and its ilk have
           | finally changed that.
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | How? My best understanding of Uniswap is that it provides
             | liquidity to exchange between cryptocurrency pairs. There
             | is no evidence that it is providing liquidity for anything
             | actually useful - with traditional finance, companies issue
             | shares or debt to increase production lines, fund new R&D,
             | etc.
        
           | enumjorge wrote:
           | > It's effectively become a casino for millenials and zoomers
           | 
           | Mark Cuban and Elon Musk are also investing in
           | cryptocurrencies and neither of them fall into those age
           | groups.
        
             | tnzm wrote:
             | They invest on behalf of the house.
        
             | simias wrote:
             | Please don't be obtuse, I obviously wasn't implying that
             | 100% of cryptocurrency enthusiasts are in a specific age
             | range, I'm just saying that culturally they probably have
             | more of a following in a younger crowd.
        
               | enumjorge wrote:
               | I wasn't being obtuse, but I can see why it came across
               | that way. Crypto definitely got started among the younger
               | more indie crowd, but I think that has slowly changed
               | over time and will continue to do so. Bitcoin was
               | introduced almost as a way for the little guy to fight
               | "the system", but I think people underestimate how much
               | influence the old players like Wall Street, billionaires
               | (hence my previous comment) and governments are starting
               | to have on it.
        
           | grey-area wrote:
           | Yes I think greed is the simplest explanation for the
           | explosion of interest in bitcoin and other similar schemes.
           | They are constructed so that early adopters benefit, and
           | benefit most if they shill the coin to others, and so they
           | do, using various narratives about worldchanging technology,
           | a new paradigm etc, etc.
        
             | simias wrote:
             | Weaponized FOMO in realtime at a worldwide scale. It's a
             | tough societal problem to solve.
             | 
             | With good old pyramid schemes it took a lot more work to it
             | off the ground. Now you can just astroturf on Reddit,
             | Discord and the big social networks with your fancy new
             | "revolutionary" cryptothingy and you're making millions.
             | 
             | I've been following the DogeCoin pump on reddit over the
             | past couple of months, it's absolutely transparent that
             | it's a pure pump with no fundamentals but people buy into
             | it because they think they're early enough not to be left
             | holding the bags. IMO the Gamestop thing is mostly exactly
             | the same, but obviously the situation is more complex
             | there.
        
             | bob33212 wrote:
             | Casinos have existed for a long time and are known to be a
             | place where a lot of people loses money, but that doesn't
             | stop others from showing up and losing more.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | It's also the most profitable trading category for old
           | traders who know how to ride cycles safely. Not advocating,
           | just adding another bit of info
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | There is a difference between the knowledge of individuals and
         | knowledge of institutions. Many people who seriously looked
         | into these things said it was bogus. But the institutions
         | didn't know it was bogus. They didn't know whether to believe
         | the nay-sayers or not. So "our" (for some weird abstract sense
         | of "our") knowledge increased by doing these doomed
         | experiments.
        
           | kevinmchugh wrote:
           | Wal-Mart and Louis Vuitton both announced they were adopting
           | blockchain. Walmart's was for supply chain tracking of
           | lettuce. LV's was for authenticating genuineness and
           | preventing sales of counterfeits. Both were to be run
           | entirely by the company. Centralized. No distributed
           | anything.
           | 
           | There was no reason to use blockchain in these cases, except
           | that writing a press release about blockchain would cause a
           | stock price pop.
        
         | mrits wrote:
         | It is really sad to me to see a comment so naive and uninformed
         | get upvoted on this site. Besides just flat out false
         | information such as being a shortage of use cases for
         | incentivized distributed consensus you go on to assume we have
         | even begun to work out the areas we can now apply to
         | blockchain. It's fine to think cryptocurrency is a hustle. It's
         | not ok to dismiss a large future corner of tech because of it.
        
           | TomSwirly wrote:
           | Some concrete examples which aren't cryptocurrency would be
           | helpful here to evaluate your statement.
        
             | pragmar wrote:
             | Here are a couple.
             | 
             | Identity. Once you log into a website a MetaMask address, a
             | lot of things begin to come into focus. Create as many as
             | you want, move contents around, etc. It's a lot more
             | empowered than google/fb oauth feudalism.
             | 
             | Physical and intellectual property registries. Could be far
             | more efficient, accurate, and resilient to bad actors.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | So a bad actor gets a fraudulent invention registered. In
               | the current system some people think really hard and then
               | consider deleting it. This has many flaws, but the flaws
               | are in the human bits. Where they write down their
               | decisions is an implementation derail.
               | 
               | How will blockchain make it better? Unless you've figured
               | out how to have a computer figure out what inventions
               | should qualify for protection and what infringes on them,
               | I don't see it.
        
               | pragmar wrote:
               | >>> How will blockchain make it better?
               | 
               | You're focusing on patents. Countries operate copyright
               | offices--clerks, submission fees, red tape, human error.
               | With blockchain, I can produce and store an md5 of a
               | audio file, pdf, or video for next to nothing. You now
               | have cryptographic signed proof of generation at a
               | particular time, and a system that stores the data
               | perpetually. Yes, you still need courts and judges to
               | adjudicate conflicts, I never said it was a 100%
               | solution.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | But if I trust the courts they could just have
               | md5s.sqlite?
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | Physical property registries: if you guess my password
               | (or extort it from me with a crowbar) you get to keep my
               | house.
        
               | pragmar wrote:
               | I'd prefer my deed committed to blockchain (by a
               | government registrar) than held in a local instance of
               | filemaker pro, or in a paper file cabinet, is where I was
               | going.
        
               | pornel wrote:
               | Property registries are one of those stupid ideas for
               | blockchain. If someone was going to steal your property,
               | they're not going to care what some blockchain says about
               | it.
               | 
               | If you only need an informational registry for well-
               | behaved cooperating parties, you don't need it to be
               | completely trustless. There are many other ways to
               | decentralize storage and ensure consensus when you don't
               | require mexican-standoff level of distrust.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | >Property registries are one of those stupid ideas for
               | blockchain.
               | 
               | Specifically, the thing that is essential for most
               | property registries is recognition and enforcement by a
               | meat-space government. So, while a digital ledger _is_ a
               | good idea compared to, well, lots of existing property
               | registries, decentralization /trustlessness isn't
               | important, adoption by a trustworthy and capable enforcer
               | is.
        
             | lstamour wrote:
             | I personally agree that Blockchain or distributed ledgers
             | are overhyped for use cases where simple, centralized
             | approaches to trust would go a lot farther.
             | 
             | The one example I can point to where maybe existing systems
             | were improved through blockchain-like technology would be
             | Certificate Transparency
             | https://certificate.transparency.dev/howctworks/ yet even
             | then there's a lot of trust in browsers run by centralized
             | actors to ensure the system works as expected. The system
             | is further documented in https://chromium.googlesource.com/
             | chromium/src/+/refs/heads/... and https://www.rfc-
             | editor.org/rfc/rfc6962.html Also,
             | https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-certificate-
             | transpar... is a good read.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | What I found interesting about Blockchain were (in case of
         | utilitarian projects).
         | 
         | - country agnostic scale in mind
         | 
         | - constantly working network
         | 
         | There's a project for supply chain tracking which wants to take
         | care of .. well, tracking. But by attempting of being a
         | universal solution, I'd foresee a lot of time saved for just
         | about everybody on the planet.
         | 
         | Maybe I'm misguided
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | > Blockchain is a brilliant solution
         | 
         | It's not "brilliant". It is _a_ solution, with shortcomings
         | even for its stated purpose.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | It's a technology that's as easy to shit on as it is to hype!
         | 
         | I don't know about the Azure service, but blockchains are a
         | useful tool for a lot of different use cases.
        
           | Clewza313 wrote:
           | Such as?
        
             | rodiger wrote:
             | There's a weird insistence (especially here on HN) that if
             | blockchain isn't doing something that can't be done in
             | another way then it is useless.
             | 
             | In reality just doing normal, established processes in a
             | distributed way often _is_ the value-add. See decentralized
             | finance[0]. All these tools and primitives exist in
             | traditional finance, but when it 's decentralized all
             | market participants can get a cut of the rewards instead of
             | just the big banks.
             | 
             | A more recent AWS-like example is Internet Computer[1]. A
             | more open way to on-board data centers and build
             | distributed apps. Could it be done in a centralized way?
             | Yes, of course. Is it more fair and open if it's
             | decentralized? Also yes.
             | 
             | [0] https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08778
             | 
             | [1] https://dfinity.org/data-centers
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | The only interesting aspect of blockchain is
               | decentralized trust - trust being the key part. If you
               | don't need decentralized trust you don't need blockchain.
               | And outside of a global currency, there isn't much that
               | needs that.
               | 
               | DeFi is just unregulated speculation / ponzi schemes.
               | People came up with new systems (supposedly faster than
               | bitcoin) to send currency back and forth. People are
               | flocking to it hoping to get rich quick, but it doesn't
               | actually deliver anything novel outside of not being
               | regulated.
               | 
               | Internet Computer would be cool if it was actually
               | decentralized. But it's not:
               | 
               | > The Internet Computer hosts its own governance system,
               | called the "Network Nervous System" (NNS). In order for a
               | data center to provide compute capacity to the Internet
               | Computer network, it must acquire a DcID (Data Center ID)
               | by making an application to the governance system
               | 
               | And unfortunately making a decentralized version of what
               | Internet Computer wants to do is _very_ hard (maybe
               | impossible).
               | 
               | So many of the newer "blockchain" tech is considered
               | useless is because, like Internet Computer, they cheat
               | and introduce centralization because of the technical
               | limitations of being decentralized. BNB/BSC is a huge
               | example of this (one of the major new "defi" networks).
        
               | remeq wrote:
               | I agree with you that the only interesting aspect of
               | blockchain is decentralized trust. But decentralized
               | trust is a big thing. It is actually such a massive thing
               | and people will sooner or later realize that. The
               | magnitude of this thing is actually on a level of
               | invention of democracy in social systems. It will change
               | everything. And the application of decentralized trust
               | (read - institution-less systems) goes far beyond
               | decentralized finance.
               | 
               | If we look at the tendency of every single centralized
               | system or organization to end up being either sub-optimal
               | or evil or screwing individual we really have to ask
               | whether there isn't a better way. Consider evolution of
               | centralized political powers, dictatorships etc.,
               | consider evolution of big tech companies like google or
               | facebook, consider evolution of big products.
               | 
               | If blockchain provides decentralized trust this can be
               | used for almost evertyhing. And it doesn't really mean
               | that you will run your trustless version of AWS directly
               | on blockchain. For many applications the blockchain is
               | there for trust and system of economy incentives for the
               | actors in the systems (as these two things go hand by
               | hand). The blockchain is not there to do the "business
               | logic"
        
               | rodiger wrote:
               | I can be a market maker for an exchange with just $100...
               | not sure how that isn't anything new. I can get a flash
               | loan for $10,000,000 with zero credit to profit off of
               | arbitrage opportunities. Yes, this is all focused on
               | money but nothing to do with speculation or ponzi
               | schemes.
               | 
               | DeFi is sort of billed as an "internet of money," so it
               | makes sense that it's focused on financial systems.
               | Unfortunately many do just dump their life savings and
               | hope to get rich quick. A similar thing happened during
               | the dot com boom in the traditional markets. I imagine a
               | lot of this will settle over time (and there will still
               | be scams and pump and dumps, just as there are in penny
               | stocks / the wider internet in general).
               | 
               | As for Internet Computer, the application to the
               | governance system is decentralized and votes are made by
               | token holders on-chain. It's decentralized in that the
               | votes are open and auditable.
               | 
               | BSC sucks, agree with you there but they're far from the
               | norm. I'm really just shocked that there's so little
               | interest in the tech behind all the protocols here given
               | the wider hacker ethos.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | The pump and dump hype around cryptocurrency turns a lot
               | of people off.
        
               | rodiger wrote:
               | Yeah it does. It's a shame and hopefully the risks are
               | made clearer over time.
        
               | whateveracct wrote:
               | dfinity is pretty centralized. they cut corners and
               | basically hand-pick their mining data centers. they only
               | qualify as "decentralized" because they work with
               | multiple unrelated data centers. i am pretty sure
               | multiple hard problems that they need to solve to reach
               | true decentralization have been punted because they hand
               | pick their miners.
               | 
               | also, more than decentralization, they mostly sell their
               | dev-friendly programming model (Motoko, wasm) but a
               | centralized version hosted by AWS would be cheaper faster
               | better. Lunch waiting to be eaten.
               | 
               | most people making cloud software don't need the
               | decentralization. Dfinity papers over this by having
               | their president go pontificate to make it seem like the
               | fate of the world depends on it.
        
               | rodiger wrote:
               | They don't hand-pick miners at the end of the day- it's
               | an on-chain vote (by token-holders and I'm sure they own
               | a large sum so point taken).
               | 
               | Maybe not the best example- I'm not too familiar with the
               | structure and they definitely over-hype everything about
               | the project. Still the parallel is there of making a
               | centralized thing more accessible / open to more market
               | participants.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Exactly. Think about the downsides of online connectivity
               | with things like say pipelines or IoT. The answer to
               | every problem in the last 30 years has been to plug an
               | Ethernet cable to it, and the consequences of that are
               | coming home to roost!
               | 
               | The ability to have a trusted source of data to validate
               | instructions or other content alone is very useful.
               | Blockchain is no more "stupid" than PGP or PKI.
        
       | ostenning wrote:
       | The entire space is filled with hype, but that doesn't mean there
       | aren't any good projects amongst them. It's important to be open
       | minded whilst seeing through the scams.
       | 
       | Banks are genuinely threatened by DeFi and for good reason.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Beauty of this is that there are two clear reasons to shut down
       | that service. 1. because it didn't work, or 2. because it did
       | work because blockchains don't need a blockchain service because
       | blockchains run on decentralized blockchains.
       | 
       | Blockchain.
        
       | sexy_seedbox wrote:
       | If you're familiar with Typescript, try Lisk[0], it's pretty easy
       | to get started.
       | 
       | [0] https://lisk.com
        
       | marcinzm wrote:
       | This doesn't seem like a good PR move for Azure in terms of
       | enterprise sales. One of the big selling points of AWS is that
       | they support everything pretty much forever. Azure has now made
       | it clear that they can and will shutdown services with relatively
       | short notice.
        
         | dharmab wrote:
         | This was a Preview service. It was not being marketed as a
         | production ready product.
        
         | BrentOzar wrote:
         | > Azure has now made it clear that they can and will shutdown
         | services with relatively short notice.
         | 
         | This isn't a new thing - there's an entire Twitter feed
         | dedicated to things Azure discontinues:
         | https://twitter.com/azureendoflife
        
         | moksly wrote:
         | Enterprise doesn't worry too much about changes or shutdowns.
         | We worry about them when they happen quickly, surprisingly or
         | without plans for how we move forward.
         | 
         | I'd be pretty happy if our legacy Mainframe systems got shut
         | down, with a decent plan for how our suppliers would move
         | forward to other technologies. As it stands there are only two
         | national companies left who can handle mainframes in my
         | country, so there isn't much of a bidding war when we put
         | systems into procurement processes, and it makes things really
         | expensive over time.
         | 
         | I hope most enterprises entered the cloud with a mindset not to
         | get locked in. I know we did, and in that setup, Microsoft can
         | move forward as they see fit as long as they give us time to
         | move on.
         | 
         | Not that I think any enterprise organisations were really using
         | Azure Blockchain, I still haven't seen a single reason to use
         | Blockchain. Even if you live in a corrupt country, where
         | decentralised trust might make sense, you still need an
         | authority to back it up. This is why Bitcoin works for crime,
         | they enforce it.
        
           | nomoreplease wrote:
           | > Microsoft's product page for Azure BaaS lists GE, J.P.
           | Morgan, Singapore Airlines, Starbucks and Xbox as customers.
           | 
           | The article says that these enterprises are using it
        
             | kthejoker2 wrote:
             | Uhh ... that means they did a pilot with it back when BaaS
             | started out.
             | 
             | 50 bucks says none of them actively use Azure Blockchain
             | for anything meaningful in their organization.
             | 
             | And Consensys is MSFT's preferred BaaS ISV these days.
             | 
             | Source: work at MSFT Partner, occasionally co-discuss BaaS
             | with clients.
        
               | xemdetia wrote:
               | I've become extremely jaded to the logo gallery for these
               | obvious secondary/tertiary B2B SaaS products in an
               | organization. The logo for a pilot or some other freebie
               | is kind of overdone now. Often this pilot ends up hitting
               | the real org then crashing and burning because these
               | secondary/tertiary pet projects are often never given the
               | chance to be mature enough for their actual customer base
               | before trying to solicit customers. These services
               | finally hit a security person or something else and just
               | gets the axe because they are just not even close to
               | ready. If I'm playing technical customer I'm reaching out
               | to you because I need what you have rather than you
               | soliciting me. Most businesses are not so complex that
               | it's obvious if a B2B SaaS is an essential service or
               | some weird add-on trendy thing they are trying on for
               | size so it sticks out like a sore thumb.
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | > We worry about them when they happen quickly, surprisingly
           | or without plans for how we move forward.
           | 
           | This change has a 4 month notice period and the plan to move
           | forward from MS seems to be literally "you should switch to
           | something else." So this change doesn't seem to tick any of
           | the boxes you mentioned.
        
         | twayallday wrote:
         | AWS does it too. See the S3 path-style deprecation plans which
         | saw a lot of customer pushback. [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-s3-path-
         | deprecation-...
        
         | meowkit wrote:
         | Uh is shutting down in September short notice?
         | 
         | Regardless I looked into the internals/source code for it (I
         | work there) - and it seems to be cold storage for the workbench
         | and not blockchain support as a whole.
         | 
         | Right now it makes more sense to use ConsenSys or manage your
         | own nodes on Azure not pay for a tool.
         | 
         | https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/blockchain/service/mi...
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | >Uh is shutting down in September short notice?
           | 
           | For a large company where it might take them 2+ months to
           | just get approval for a new project or a significant project
           | change, yes. I once spent 6 months in meetings to get a
           | single column added to a database for a project we were doing
           | and that was a semi-tech company.
        
         | humanlion87 wrote:
         | I am sure they thought about the "PR" consequences of shutting
         | this service down. My guess is the number of users are
         | comparatively so low that it doesn't really matter. I doubt any
         | of their major enterprise customers were using it.
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | That's not PR impact, that's material impact. The PR impact
           | is not on the current users of the service but on all future
           | potential users of Azure. Like every GCP thread being filled
           | with doom and gloom about Google killing services from people
           | who have never used GCP.
        
       | peterkelly wrote:
       | > _Microsoft 's documentation suggests users start migrating to
       | an alternative now_
       | 
       | So, a database?
        
         | nomoreplease wrote:
         | This brings up a good question. How do you migrate a blockchain
         | from Azure to somewhere else?
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
           | You rebuild it, same with any public cloud that isn't using
           | an open standard. That is why people should only invest
           | enough effort into a cloud to deploy an agnostic solution
           | like Kubernetes.
        
         | google234123 wrote:
         | But can a database handle more than 5 transactions per second?
        
           | marktangotango wrote:
           | Well done, beautifully well placed comment.
        
           | SubiculumCode wrote:
           | If you think modern block chain is still stuck at 5 tps, then
           | you have not been paying attention.
        
             | atanasovskib wrote:
             | So 7?
        
               | HeadsUpHigh wrote:
               | Try 50k
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | _pdp_ wrote:
       | What are the practical uses of private blockchains anyway?
        
         | spydum wrote:
         | Public relations, mostly.
        
         | picardo wrote:
         | Permissioned blockchains can be useful in trade finance and
         | international trade. Financial transactions across borders can
         | be delayed to allow for clearance and settlement between
         | several institutions, which requires multiple banking systems
         | to verify the integrity of transaction and collect a lot of
         | paper trail. There are several competing projects solving for
         | that problem right now.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | I don't see why these would need a blockchain rather than
           | just a centralized database.
           | 
           | I'm very skeptical of these use cases.
        
             | speeder wrote:
             | The purpose of blockchain is to solve what happens when
             | neither side of a transaction trust the other.
             | 
             | For example, suppose US and Iran agreed to pay each other
             | some amount as proof of their sactions deal...
             | 
             | US doesn't trust Iran or its central bank. Iran doesn't
             | trust SWIFT, since it can be easily manipulated by its
             | enemies (as it has been, before). US doesn't trust the
             | alternative to SWIFT, since it is run by Russia and China.
             | 
             | EDIT: common people, that was just an example, it doesn't
             | mean future transactions between US and Iran would be done
             | that way. It was just an easy to understand example.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > The purpose of blockchain is to solve what happens when
               | neither side of a transaction trust the other.
               | 
               | So what's the purpose of _private_ blockchains then?
               | Grandparent comment was about "Permissioned blockchains
               | can be useful..." not blockchain in general.
               | 
               | How does it remain private in a trustless case?
               | 
               | Alternatively, who keeps the blockchain private? Who
               | manages access? If there is an impartial 3rd party, an
               | "authority" or a "broker", a "governor" that all other
               | parties can trust to do that, even if they don't trust
               | each other ... can't that authority just use a database,
               | with some checksums and signed rows if need be? What
               | can't you get from a private github repo?
               | 
               | Is the "private blockchain" centralised or decentralised?
               | 
               | I feel that every time I see this discussion, the
               | argument is shifted to a straw man whenever the wrong
               | question is asked.
        
               | jnwatson wrote:
               | There's _no_ purpose of private blockchains, unless your
               | definition of blockchain is just chained signatures
               | perhaps with a Merkle tree.
               | 
               | The intersection of the set of "private" and "mutually
               | distrustful parties" is essentially 0.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | That's what I thought, but I'd like to see a proponent of
               | private blockchains explain it with out resorting to
               | answering a different and more general question about
               | "the purpose of blockchain is..."
        
               | bydlocoder wrote:
               | That's like the worst example ever. With international
               | peace talks there usually is a trusted third party, like
               | US was a part of various Israeli-Palestinian talks.
        
               | lordlimecat wrote:
               | >The purpose of blockchain is to solve what happens when
               | neither side of a transaction trust the other.
               | 
               | Normally the courts solve this problem, so this is only
               | an issue if one or both parties are operating outside of
               | the law.
               | 
               | Which, for normal financial enterprises trying to do
               | business, creates regulatory problems: Chase can't
               | exactly transact with the PLA without getting bulldozed
               | by regulators, and you can't exactly hide the transaction
               | on blockchain (since its immutable).
               | 
               | In the scenario you describe, there are ways of cheating
               | even in blockchain (51% attack), and there are ways of
               | solving the issue outside of blockchain (military force,
               | embargos).
        
               | meepmorp wrote:
               | OTOH:
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/fd4113419276444eba1d2a46d5c297
               | 52
               | 
               | In 2016, the US paid Iran $1.7B in pallets of EUR and
               | CHF. The article's not explicit, but the settlement
               | network probably uses a C-130.
        
               | nonameiguess wrote:
               | We actually already do this. See this job description: ht
               | tps://acpol2.army.mil/fasclass/search_fs/search_fs_output
               | ....
               | 
               | This would generally be responsible for paying parties
               | that actually trust you, using Treasury checks and
               | possibly small amounts of cash, but there is an
               | equivalent position within the uniformed Finance Corps
               | where you pay untrusted parties who also don't trust you.
               | For that purpose, you deliver extremely large briefcases
               | full of cash. Basically, the same idea as a drug deal
               | where the buyer and seller don't trust each other.
               | Everything is transacted in cash, and both parties are
               | carrying a lot of guns. This is generally how we make
               | payments to local warlords in theaters of combat where
               | they are not by any means an internationally recognized
               | legitimate authority you can make any kind of a treaty
               | with, but you need to buy their cooperation anyway.
               | 
               | As for trusting they'll actually deliver what you're
               | buying, again, that's what the guns are for.
               | 
               | Heck, as it stands right now just for normal consumers,
               | buyers and sellers don't need to trust each other. They
               | just need a legal authority who can prosecute each side
               | and they need to trust that legal authority. Barring
               | that, they need an extra legal authority they trust with
               | guns.
               | 
               | As it stands, the obvious limitation of a blockchain is
               | it only helps if your transaction is solely the exchange
               | of data stored on the blockchain itself. Otherwise,
               | you're back to the same issue. The fact that a
               | transaction is recorded on a ledger doesn't mean either
               | party actually received the goods they expected, and it
               | doesn't mean they have any means of remediation, legal or
               | otherwise, if they don't. The fact that a ledger says you
               | own something doesn't mean you're in possession of it,
               | and it doesn't mean the party that is in possession of it
               | has to give it to you.
        
               | markwkw wrote:
               | Could you explain this example a bit more? US and Iran
               | meet and discuss some deal? And then the want to pay each
               | other some amount as proof of reaching the deal? Could
               | they do it in public and invite various journalists to
               | witness the post-signing conference where both parties
               | say they have reached the deal? (It seems to be a
               | standard procedure)
               | 
               | Or is the set of blockchain payments an guarantee of
               | adherence to the deal? How would that help? Are the coins
               | supposed to be returned in case of lack of adherence? If
               | that is the case, how would I trust the other party to
               | return the bitcoin?
        
               | tnzm wrote:
               | Governments A and B meet and discuss some deal. Their
               | agreement is recorded on a public append-only ledger,
               | which is hosted by participants worldwide. If any party
               | reneges on the deal, that's remembered by the public
               | record too, where no amount of propaganda can erase it.
               | Parties confirmed to be less trustworthy are subsequently
               | afforded fewer compromises during negotiations.
               | 
               | A NFT could also be minted, where people and institutions
               | stake money on the deal and if either party breaks the
               | agreement, the NFT is burned. So stakers are incentivized
               | to do whatever is within their reach to make governments
               | stick to the deal - otherwise they would lose their
               | investments.
               | 
               | The way to bootstrap participatory democracy in a world
               | that only cares about the money is to bake it into the
               | money.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | What does renege on the deal really mean though? usually
               | in those situations both sides will claim that the other
               | is reneging on the deal
               | 
               | Engineering solutions based on binary ideas of true and
               | false just don't apply to diplomacy or politics
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > Governments A and B meet and discuss some deal. Their
               | agreement is recorded on a public append-only ledger,
               | which is hosted by participants worldwide. If any party
               | reneges on the deal, that's remembered by the public
               | record too, where no amount of propaganda can erase it.
               | 
               | You can do this with paper. Signed paper documents. You
               | have invented the "treaty". It has been a thing for
               | centuries.
        
               | htrp wrote:
               | A "signed paper document" or a "treaty" is also
               | meaningless without robust enforcement mechanisms.... or
               | the instant it's in either side's interest to ignore.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | That goes double for blockchains.
        
             | picardo wrote:
             | Banking systems are complex. You can't build a single
             | centralized system that works for everyone, let alone get
             | everyone to trust each other on the system. The solution
             | needs to be decentralized, trustworthy and provide built-in
             | checks for integrity.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | Would you say that we have a "a single centralized system
               | that works for everyone" in banking now? It seems more
               | like a patchwork of a lot of systems to me.
        
               | picardo wrote:
               | No, we don't. That's why it's slow and expensive to trade
               | across borders, especially if the counterparties have
               | never done business before. It's an arduous process of
               | proving creditworthiness through letters of credit. You
               | often see document fraud where someone can tamper with a
               | letter of credit, which is hard to detect.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > That's why it's slow and expensive to trade across
               | borders, ... document fraud
               | 
               | Would you say that blockchains make this faster, cheaper
               | and less prone to fraud?
        
               | picardo wrote:
               | Sure. Here is a story from 4 years ago. [1] Barclays says
               | blockchain cut this process from 10 days to 4 hours.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-banks-barclays-
               | blockchain...
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | I don't see a lot of news on that since 2016. Are they
               | still using it?
        
               | bydlocoder wrote:
               | Well, I'd rather provide a letter than put all my
               | transactions in public eye.
        
               | picardo wrote:
               | It's not in the public eye. The blockchain is only
               | accessible to trusted parties, like banks and merchant
               | representatives.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | Who manages access to the blockchain, and how do you
               | trust them?
        
           | carterschonwald wrote:
           | Yup. All of this is really about having a db for known
           | counter party multi org db for financial institutions without
           | having to basically fund new clearing corporations for each
           | new market. Source: I was at Jpm on some of the relevant
           | teams for a few years.
        
         | rm_-rf_slash wrote:
         | Docusign[1] has been using blockchain for a while now because
         | it solves technical problems for their use cases.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.docusign.com/products/blockchain
        
           | eterm wrote:
           | Did Docusign really have a problem that couldn't be solved by
           | any other means of publishing the hash?
           | 
           | Ultimately the hash comes from Docusign, so I'm not sure I
           | can think of the problem case where someone doesn't trust
           | Docusign to self publish that hash but does trust a hash that
           | Docusign publishes to the blockchain.
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | I'd argue a more popular blockchain than their in-house one
             | would provide stronger proof.
             | 
             | For example, a Bitcoin one:
             | https://www.proofofexistence.com/
        
               | tectec wrote:
               | It looks like that is using 0.00025 BTC per transaction,
               | which currently is $12 USD, that seems quite steep for a
               | single document verification.
        
             | bluesign wrote:
             | it is about timestamping basically nothing else. basically
             | that cannot sign something in the past. Though you can do
             | the same with sequence number, and publicly publishing all
             | signed hashes.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | Or cryptographically sign a statement with a timestamp.
        
             | wizeman wrote:
             | Presumably, by publishing the hash on a public blockchain
             | they are creating a trusted record of _when_ the hash was
             | published, which can be verified after the fact and which
             | cannot be modified or removed, with planet-scale proof-of-
             | work level of cryptographic assurance.
             | 
             | If they published the hashes on, say, their webpage or some
             | third party's webpage, nothing would prevent them (or the
             | third party) from redacting or removing the hash after the
             | fact, given sufficient motivation.
        
               | captn3m0 wrote:
               | RFC 3161 does the same, without a blockchain (public or
               | private).
        
         | tootahe45 wrote:
         | Wowing govt officials and scamming public money.
        
           | hn8788 wrote:
           | Sometimes it's the government's idea in the first place. I
           | work at a contracting company, and one of our government
           | customers said they wanted a service that utilized blockchain
           | technology. They didn't know what a blockchain was, or care
           | what the blockchain powered service was, they just wanted to
           | sound like they were responsible for acquiring cutting edge
           | technology. Luckily that was shortly before NIST put out
           | their research paper that said there is almost never a good
           | reason to use a blockchain, and the government employee
           | quickly lost interest.
        
             | WasimBhai wrote:
             | Link to the said paper, please?
        
               | 3pt14159 wrote:
               | Probably means this one from 2018:
               | 
               | https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/NIST.IR.8202.pd
               | f
               | 
               | Brief quote from the conclusions:
               | 
               | > The use of blockchain technology is still in its early
               | stages, but it is built on widely understood and sound
               | cryptographic principles. Currently, there is a lot of
               | hype around the technology, and many proposed uses for
               | it. Moving forward, it is likely that the hype will die
               | down, and blockchain technology will become just another
               | tool that can be used.
               | 
               | Then there is a fairly large paragraph about limitations
               | and choosing the right tool for the job rather than just
               | trying to shoehorn blockchain in for its own sake.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | Blockchains are an irrevocable proof of record (immutability
         | with cryptographic proof) unlike traditional databases that
         | need to be audited to capture all updates. Amazon QLDB, though
         | private but not a Blockchain, could be used as one: For ex,
         | creating and maintaining customer wallets (per customer coupons
         | and discounts specific to your service).
         | 
         | Public blockchains could be used for accounting transparency,
         | for example, for tracking donations and spends of a non-profit.
         | Decentralised blockchains are of course being continually
         | redefined and reinvented, with an alternate financial complex
         | at the forefront of it all.
         | 
         | There are likely many more usecases, but the ones most
         | interesting to me are global payments infrastructure being
         | built by stellar.org, celo.org, and diem.com.
         | 
         | See also: https://www.hyperledger.org/
        
           | DebtDeflation wrote:
           | >an irrevocable proof of record (immutability with
           | cryptographic proof)
           | 
           | Which ignores and can even make worse the problem of bad data
           | at the entry point. This is what effectively killed the
           | entire set of use cases related to supply chain provenance.
        
           | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
           | But how can a blockchain be actually and meaningfully
           | "public" without proof of work and distributed mining
           | establishing majority based consensus on what _is_.
           | 
           | If you just store the equivalent of a blockchain somewhere
           | then I don't see what benefit it provides over a database
           | controlled by a consortium.
           | 
           | It's all bullshit.
        
             | daniellarusso wrote:
             | A blockchain does not require anything beyond ensuring the
             | prior entries checksums make sense.
             | 
             | Making past entries immutable is the purpose.
             | 
             | Proof of work and distributed mining don't need a
             | blockchain.
             | 
             | Have you heard of hashcash? It is proof-of-work concept to
             | prevent email spam.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcash
        
               | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
               | what prevents the entity controlling the blockchain from
               | recursively changing data and adjusting the checksums?
        
               | daniellarusso wrote:
               | Paraphrasing Achebe here: "that until the lions have
               | their own historians, the history of the hunt will always
               | glorify the hunter."
               | 
               | This is also an issue with a 51% attack.
        
             | anonymousDan wrote:
             | See my answer above - in cases where the participants are
             | all known you can use BFT algorithms to prevent attacks so
             | long as less than a third of the replicas are malicious.
        
             | SubiculumCode wrote:
             | Proof of work is fading away, Proof of Stake is becoming
             | the default method.
        
             | nindalf wrote:
             | Presumably, there's a third party that keeps a copy of the
             | blockchain. If you rewrite the history of your blockchain,
             | they'll detect it.
             | 
             | It's fair to ask why this public record needs to be in a
             | blockchain though. You could store the record in plain HTML
             | on a public website and have the Web Archive create
             | periodic immutable snapshots of it.
        
               | DaniloDias wrote:
               | A distributed ledger eliminates the risk that the third
               | party hosting the record can be hacked or that the
               | operator fraudulently lies in the record.
        
               | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
               | Exacactly - you just need something equivalent to a
               | certificate authority which signs states of the database
               | and guarantees the correctness of the stored data.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | For more than a decade, this company has been publishing
               | their hashes in the NYTimes classified ads:
               | http://www.surety.com/digital-copyright-protection/prove-
               | own...
               | 
               | (some cryptokiddies have tried to claim it as "the
               | world's first blockchain" https://btcmanager.com/finding-
               | the-oldest-blockchain-in-the-... apparently not
               | understanding how much it undermines the case for
               | wasteful proof-of-work blockchains if a classified ad
               | does the same job)
        
               | diamondhandle wrote:
               | Okay, and what happens when I run a phony ad next to this
               | one in the New York Times? What happens when I bribe the
               | guy at the Times to accidentally use my hash rather than
               | theirs?
               | 
               | It's a cute gimmick, I'll give them that.
        
               | haukem wrote:
               | They prove that the hash they publish in the NYTimes
               | exists at that time. There are probably some archives
               | which can give you an authorized copy of the NYTimes from
               | a specific date. You can use that to prove that the hash
               | existed at the date the NYTimes was published. This is
               | now the hash over a hash tree, which this companies
               | stores. With this single hash they can also prove that
               | every document in this hash tree existed at that time.
               | They can not add a extra document later, because this
               | would alter the hash they published in the NYTimes.
               | 
               | When you publish your phony ad in the NYTimes, you also
               | prove that this phony ad existed at the date the NYTimes
               | was published.
               | 
               | This company probably buys one edition of the NYTimes
               | with their add and check if the NYTimes published the
               | correct hash, if it is wrong they will run an other add
               | the next day with the correct hash the next day. Now they
               | only prove that the hash existed the next day.
        
               | mattdesl wrote:
               | The NYTimes hashes idea is brilliant, but if you were to
               | try to scale that concept to thousands or millions of
               | different global use cases, eventually it seems like
               | you'd end up with a technology platform similar to a
               | public distributed ledger, i.e. a blockchain.
               | 
               | I'm open to hearing about any other non-blockchain
               | solutions to this problem, though. One seems to be IOTA
               | and their "Tangle" graph, but I don't fully understand
               | how that could facilitate a historical record of each
               | transaction, as (unlike a blockchain) it is not an
               | append-only ledger.
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | That requires trusting one authority. You can do better -
               | there are distributed algorithms that can prevent
               | malicious behaviour from compromising the system so long
               | as less than a third of the participants are malicious.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | A blockchain requires trusting the authority that set it
               | up and/or any authority that can 51% attack it.
               | 
               | If you are in a situation where you can't find _any_
               | trustworthy authority (including yourself), you are
               | probably part of a scam or a crime.
               | 
               | Byzantine fault tolerance is an interesting concept that
               | solves a problem that almost never happens in modern
               | software.
        
               | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
               | > A blockchain requires trusting the authority that set
               | it up and/or any authority that can 51% attack it.
               | 
               | So, you don't understand how blockchains work, okay.
               | 
               | With a distributed BC you don't have to trust an
               | authority. You trust that 51% of participating entities
               | know what they are doing and that they checked the
               | protocol implementation and agree on one.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | A distributed blockchain has code that you have to trust.
               | 
               | Also you can say that everything in a blockchain is
               | verifiable by third parties, but most people don't do
               | that work (not unlike any open-source software).
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | I don't know why the comment above was downvoted. The
               | parent clearly doesn't know what they are talking about
               | (e.g. in a deterministic setting at most one third can be
               | malicious).
        
           | haukem wrote:
           | What is the advantage of a private blockchain over a hash
           | tree like used in git? A git commit is also irrevocable,
           | except if you do a git rebase. How do you prevent something
           | similar like a git rebase in a private blockchain?
           | 
           | A public blockchain with multiple agents that do not trust
           | each other like in BitCoin make sense to me.
        
             | anonymousDan wrote:
             | Think of an industry e.g. like banking, where the different
             | participants know who each other are but don't fully trust
             | each other. Presuming each participant controls one replica
             | in the system, then using BFT algorithms you can ensure
             | that so long as less than a third of the participants are
             | malicious it is not possible to perform such an attack.
        
               | haukem wrote:
               | You can also set up a git repository and prevent history
               | rewrites on the central server. Some third party could
               | also offer this as a service. Each entity can check this
               | by doing a pull every minute in a cron job, which fails
               | when history rewrite happened. If they detect this, their
               | legal department can take some actions.
        
               | ignoramous wrote:
               | Just because Encarta existed, didn't mean Wikipedia
               | shouldn't; or because NFS exists, Dropbox shouldn't. They
               | can be solutions to the same problem. In git's case
               | though, it sounds more like a abuse of its underlying
               | properties (not to mention, you'd have to block all git
               | commands that can rewrite history).
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > not to mention, you'd have to block all git commands
               | that can rewrite history
               | 
               | Okay, so use mercurial or fossil.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Don't signatures get you the same benefit? I don't need
               | to trust you simply to sign something saying "user X
               | showed me hash Y at time Z".
        
               | unnouinceput wrote:
               | Signatures still requires a centralized entity to manage
               | the trust. A public distributed ledger, be it a
               | blockchain or something else do not.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | Don't a private blockchain need that anyway to manage
               | access to add to the chain?
               | 
               | Or how does a private blockchain manage who has write
               | access to it (since it's supposed to be private)?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | We don't even have a centralized authority for x509 in
               | browsers, and that's the closest you come to being
               | correct -- there are still many CAs and multiple groups
               | coordinating which of those are trusted, and private CAs
               | are common even up to millions of users.
               | 
               | GPG has been around since the 1990s with the web of trust
               | being entirely decentralized and while I'd be the first
               | to say there is room for improvement there's no way
               | that's anything other than decentralized.
        
         | alkonaut wrote:
         | Every company on the planet seems to be asking that. It's like
         | "AI", one of those technologies that you can't risk everyone
         | else using while you don't.
         | 
         | So for some reason having a solution and look for the problem
         | is suddenly acceptable. Few seem to find the problem though.
         | 
         | If you read through typical descriptions of how blockchains can
         | be applied in industry, you'll notice that they are extremely
         | vague. That should tell you something.
        
           | SubiculumCode wrote:
           | Ummm Vet? Theta? Real worlds solutions to supply chain and
           | video streaming, respectively.
        
         | purple_ferret wrote:
         | NY runs its Vaccine passport on an IBM blockchain citing
         | privacy benefits:
         | 
         | >special emphasis has been placed on the protection of an
         | individual's privacy. Secure technologies, like blockchain and
         | encryption, are woven throughout Excelsior Pass to help protect
         | the data, making it verifiable and trusted. No private health
         | data is stored or tracked within the apps. Excelsior Pass can
         | be used to voluntarily show a QR code as proof of COVID-19
         | vaccination or negative test result via a digital smartphone
         | wallet or printed credential without sharing underlying
         | personal health details.
         | 
         | https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-la...
        
           | weasel_words wrote:
           | No one, other than the city of NY, will have the full node.
           | 
           | So in this use-case there is no distributed network in the
           | first place. And never will be.
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | Reading through both that and IBM's site, I'm struggling to
           | see how blockchain enables this in any way? Covid test and
           | vaccine providers have to be trusted for any of that to work,
           | and without the "trustless" element blockchain provides you
           | literally zero advantages (with a huge amount of
           | disadvantages).
           | 
           | EDIT: I guess I could request the whitepaper from IBM and
           | read it, I mean what's yet one more tech giant sending me
           | spam and selling my info to advertisers going to hurt? But I
           | don't see any way for the entire thing to work and avoid
           | people making up fraudulent test results/vax records without
           | trust. I mean even with trust a clinic could feasibly fake
           | that stuff, but without trust pretty much anyone could do it.
           | 
           | EDIT2: Requested the whitepaper from IBM and it's literally
           | just an 11 page marketing PowerPoint. Mentions blockchain a
           | few times but doesn't explain how it solves anything that a
           | normal RDBMS (or even some fancy distributed one with
           | immutable records etc. where all parties are _trusted_ )
           | couldn't do.
        
         | tinus_hn wrote:
         | Parties can prove things without others needing to trust
         | anyone.
         | 
         | You can put information on the blockchain and others can be
         | sure it can't be removed.
         | 
         | There are use cases.
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | > Parties can prove things without others needing to trust
           | anyone.
           | 
           | Yes, but the only things you can prove without trust are
           | events that happen 100% inside the blockchain. Which, AFAICT
           | the only use for a system that works that way that I've seen
           | is cryptocurrency. The other one people were really hot on
           | was supply chain, but, from what I understand, when you have
           | supply chain trust issues, they don't look like "oh gee
           | someone edited a database record", they look more like
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-09/trader-
           | bu...
           | 
           | Which, ironically, that's not a great use case for
           | cryptocurrency either. Traditional escrow services are a
           | better fit. If the trader had bought that tanker full of
           | rocks with BTC, there would have been no way to reverse the
           | transaction after it had been determined to be fraudulent.
           | 
           | So, yeah, blockchain is mathematically provable to have
           | certain properties. But, like with any proof, those
           | properties only hold for as long as the proof's assumptions
           | hold. And it's really, really difficult for us laypeople to
           | recognize when the assumptions do or do not hold when they're
           | defined in terms of technical jargon that uses a familiar
           | term like "trust" but assigns it a subtly but critically
           | different definition from the everyday meaning.
        
             | tinus_hn wrote:
             | You're describing a number of limitations, some of them
             | more valid than others.
             | 
             | I don't think blockchain is worth the hype it got a few
             | years ago, but still, with these limitations, there are use
             | cases. That doesn't change because you say 'this use case
             | doesn't work'.
        
             | tnzm wrote:
             | >but, from what I understand, when you have supply chain
             | trust issues, they don't look like "oh gee someone edited a
             | database record", they look more like
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-09/trader-
             | bu...
             | 
             | >Normally, in such cases of non-delivery a trading house
             | could make a claim against a cargo's insurance policy. But
             | Mercuria found that just one out of seven contracts used by
             | the Turkish company to insure the cargo was real. The rest
             | had been forged.
             | 
             | Can't forge a smart contract.
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | Fair, though that would be a much more compelling
               | observation if anyone had ever succeeded in implementing
               | a full-fledged insurance policy in the form of a smart
               | contract.
               | 
               | I'm curious, for example, how you'd get an errors and
               | omissions clause working in Etherium. Like, how would
               | Ether arbitrate a claim against that policy? Assume, for
               | the sake of argument, that hard AI has not been invented
               | yet.
        
           | slver wrote:
           | Thing is, "without trusting anyone" isn't that relevant most
           | times. The entire system of property rights is based on
           | trusted notaries. Works as well as anything.
        
             | tinus_hn wrote:
             | It doesn't work internationally, but we're used to that
             | because there never was an alternative.
        
             | tnzm wrote:
             | > Works as well as anything.
             | 
             | Which is to say, just barely well enough to keep going.
             | 
             | And then there's the whole thing with how its scaling
             | issues are mitigated via the platform dependency on the
             | state's monopoly on violent enforcement. Emphasis on
             | monopoly.
        
               | slver wrote:
               | So the big problem in your opinion, is that we're not
               | allowed to legally beat each other up like animals over
               | property disputes.
               | 
               | All right.
               | 
               | By the way, I don't think blockchains allow you to beat
               | up people, either.
        
       | eplanit wrote:
       | Blockchain is the computer industry's string theory. Bold on the
       | promises and hype, but meek on the returns.
        
         | TechBro8615 wrote:
         | That very much depends which returns you're talking about. It's
         | been pretty good on those of the financial variety.
        
           | merth wrote:
           | that's not technology fueled, that's "get rich quick" fueled.
           | you don't need blockchain to do that, It has been around for
           | 1000 years.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | I don't know that much about current crypto technology, but
       | enough to know the majority of comments in this discussion have
       | not been keeping up to date with block chain innovations, the
       | surge away from proof of work to proof of stake, the massive
       | increases in transactions per second through innovations in both
       | Level 1 and Level 2 block chain tech. Moreover, there are real
       | applications: Look to Vechain for supply chain authentication,
       | and Theta, a project by a founder of YouTube, that is live now
       | and enables efficient delivery of 4k+ hidef video streaming.
        
       | dan1234 wrote:
       | I'm guessing hardly anyone ever used this, considering the
       | relatively short 4 month notice period.
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | Or every company that did use it realized it's full of bs and
         | stopped.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | _cs2017_ wrote:
       | Does anyone else have the first link ("shutting down its Azure
       | Blockchain Service on September 10, 2021") somehow open a weird
       | empty page https://ytthn.com/blank-page instead of the expected
       | URL https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
       | us/azure/blockchain/service/mi...?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-05-13 23:02 UTC)