[HN Gopher] Learning how to think (2015)
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       Learning how to think (2015)
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 133 points
       Date   : 2021-05-09 14:30 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fs.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fs.blog)
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | I had high hopes for this article, but it kind of let me down.
       | The tl;dr is that you should slow down and focus in order to make
       | better decisions, and that people suck at multitasking and
       | multitasking makes you stupid.
       | 
       | The article didn't really get into how to learn how to think.
       | 
       | My opinion is that there are two critical skills to thinking
       | effectively.
       | 
       | The first is to assess each of your "inputs" critically - why do
       | you think that something you know is true (epistemology)? Why do
       | you believe a particular fact? People have a tendency to cherry
       | pick and to accept information unquestioningly if it confirms a
       | bias; you have to constantly challenge yourself not to do this.
       | 
       | The other aspect of effective thinking, IMO, is to work backwards
       | to first principles (challenge those too btw). Extrapolate your
       | thought to extremes and see if it still makes sense- if it
       | doesn't, you're likely just rationalizing to come up with your
       | preferred outcome rather than really thinking.
       | 
       | And of course practice. A lot.
        
         | yawnxyz wrote:
         | how to you determine whether you're practicing thinking
         | "correctly"? As in, if I practice piano I know if it sounds
         | good or not, and over time my playing will sound better. If I
         | practice the wrong things, I'll know that my piano isn't
         | getting any better.
         | 
         | How do I know that I'm practicing thinking correctly?
        
       | hkt wrote:
       | > Good decisions create time, bad ones consume it.
       | 
       | This is, in broad strokes, right, but it is hugely reductionist.
       | It is always worth remembering that we're not always in the right
       | circumstances to allow good decisions, and we should probably not
       | judge.
       | 
       | Otherwise, great essay. I've always thought it'd be nice to make
       | "life start" grants or loans to facilitate exactly this kind of
       | process of learning to think outside of universities too.
        
       | alexashka wrote:
       | Good thinking is mostly just taking things apart by asking 'why'
       | or 'how' until you arrive at 'don't know' and trying to answer
       | that question.
       | 
       | There actually isn't much more to it.
       | 
       | You can also then combine the whys and hows to create new stuff.
       | That bit people find impressive if it helps them solve an
       | immediate need.
        
       | whoknew1122 wrote:
       | Teaching me how to think is precisely what my 'worthless' liberal
       | arts degree did. Interestingly enough, that skill was what let me
       | transition into IT. And it allows me to outperform the vast
       | majority of my co-workers, 95% of whom have masters degrees in
       | some computer-related subject.
        
         | l33t2327 wrote:
         | Anyone with a computer related subject who didn't learn to
         | think wasted their time in school.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't take HN threads into flamewar. This is a classic
         | flamewar topic and when you broach those with provocative
         | language ("worthless", "outperform"), we're going to get a
         | tedious, repetitive flamewar.
         | 
         | I'm sure there are more interesting and thoughtful ways you
         | could share your experience.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | anotha1 wrote:
       | The article is from 2015, but nothing has changed.
       | 
       | Realistically, I think the US University experiment does a good
       | job teaching this with first-hand experience. Giving a kid
       | significant access to money they'll make in the future,
       | surrounded by positive and negative opportunities to spend that
       | money, and no clearly correct path to follow since the answer is
       | dependent on your personal background. That's a recipe for
       | learning to think quickly. Though, it's like pushing the baby
       | bird out of the nest, you might only have one shot to get it
       | right.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | (2015)
       | 
       | and just posted a few days ago?
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27027188
        
       | kvark wrote:
       | This notion of "busy people don't make good decisions" seems a
       | bit concerning to me. Even if all my decisions are perfect, and I
       | have free time, why wouldn't I invest this time into something
       | productive? In the end, being busy is just showing the ability to
       | manage time, not necessarily decision making skills.
        
         | wombatmobile wrote:
         | The author of TFA asserts "busy people don't make good
         | decisions" without citing studies or presenting evidence.
         | 
         | You can save a lot of time by ignoring articles like that.
        
           | throw14082020 wrote:
           | Interesting, I think you're onto something, though others may
           | find it obvious. Any other tricks for filtering time sinks
           | which don't give value without putting the time in?
        
       | robobro wrote:
       | I would argue that my degrees in philosophy were granted to me
       | while I was learning to think and judge well at university.
       | 
       | It's funny that the paper author goes only into multitasking /
       | concentration after wondering why people struggle to think
       | critically. Sure, distracted thinking is generally not good
       | thinking, but slowing down in and of itself won't improve your
       | judgment skills. It's kind of a bummer that after the author says
       | "there's a problem with critical thinking!" -- he moves on and
       | doesn't talk about ways to actually develop critical thinking
       | besides, you know, this 4 minute essay that just says "slow down
       | the decision making process." I would have hoped he would have
       | talked about different ways to analyze or prioritize problems, or
       | discussed game theory or maybe gone into wicked problems[1].
       | 
       | Oh well
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_problem
        
         | polskibus wrote:
         | In other words, would you agree that people that make right
         | decision fastest are the smartest? What I mean is that making a
         | good decision while taking a lot of time is much easier than
         | making the right decision without spending much time.
         | 
         | In real life we often have to make suboptimal decisions merely
         | because we cannot spend much time on each one.
        
           | lanstin wrote:
           | Only in very simple solution spaces. In general the solution
           | spaces are pretty big and taking a while to mull it over is
           | worth while. Especially for novel problems. If the problem is
           | similar to something you thought about previously or have
           | already encountered them of course it can be responded to.
           | Even the smartest chess grandmaster will play better with
           | more time. And for hiring, I always prefer people that have a
           | great answer in a day or so than an ok answer immediately
           | which they are happy about.
        
         | vntx wrote:
         | Ironic isn't it? The author complains about people not thinking
         | enough but his articles don't seem well thought out either.
         | It's full of reductionism and oversimplications.
         | 
         | Slowing down, concentrating, and having lots of time are
         | definitely helpful for thinking but he implies that it is
         | sufficient for thinking and that everyone has that luxury.
         | 
         | What about people operating under duress like in wars or
         | pandemics? Can epidemiologists slow down while a pandemic
         | spreads exponentially? Can soldiers slow down while they're
         | being shot at?
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure those people would like to have the space to
         | make better decisions but more often then not, they don't.
         | Those are very wicked problems.
        
           | kaladin_1 wrote:
           | You would have included eating to your list. You sure are
           | taking it out of context. He didnt imply you think before you
           | do everything.
           | 
           | Even as Engineers we know that some of the problems we come
           | up against in the course of a project could have been
           | foreseen and tackled if only we spent some time to deeply
           | understand the project.
        
             | vntx wrote:
             | Now you're taking my point out of context.
             | 
             | I countered with the implication that there may be more
             | important factors than just time for those acting in time-
             | constrained situations to make "good" decisions and that he
             | was oversimplifying, not that we always think before we do
             | everything.
             | 
             | AFAIK, most people don't eat their meals under duress. I
             | could be wrong though.
        
         | kaladin_1 wrote:
         | All those essays and fancy problem solving techniques and hacks
         | are good. But they were also invented by people that sat down
         | to think.
         | 
         | I don't know for you but I know that when I slow down and tell
         | myself to relax, start poking at the problem from different
         | angles things go well. I dont know how it happens. The brian
         | reaches a point you even continue solving the problem while
         | sleeping. There might be hacks for that but with the right
         | intention and time it mostly happens for me.
        
       | philipswood wrote:
       | I've noticed that people I meet that I think of as intelligent
       | usually had an adult that talked with them intelligently when
       | they were younger.
       | 
       | I think thinking is seen, then emulated, and this emulation needs
       | a bit of coaching.
       | 
       | Yes, once you start reading some of this can happen without
       | someone else available, but ultimately thinking is learned by
       | exposure to good examples of it and iterated practice.
        
         | erikerikson wrote:
         | My adoptive parents are a counterexample to this. That or I'm
         | not intelligent but tests and life outcomes would seem to
         | indicate otherwise.
         | 
         | I would definitely agree that an intelligent conversant can
         | positively impact the outcome and as such apply the stimulus to
         | my own child. A lack of this was one of my childhood and early
         | adult life's frustrations.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | Parenting/mentoring has lots of hard or painful parts, like
         | setting boundaries/limits.
         | 
         | But a really EASY and effective thing is to just to set a good
         | example.
         | 
         | (it can also make kids mindful if you tell them to set a good
         | example for other kids)
         | 
         | Growing up much if not most of my learning was just from
         | observing.
        
       | Isamu wrote:
       | This is about concentration, focus, and it is absolutely a skill
       | and not really taught.
       | 
       | Beyond that, introspection is not really taught either. That is,
       | so I have been thinking about this thing a lot, am I being honest
       | with myself about what is grounded in reality and what isn't? Am
       | I being honest with myself about my overriding preference for my
       | gut feeling vs. what can be verified in the real world with some
       | more effort?
        
       | sturza wrote:
       | I used to really appreciate fs. After a few years i, personally,
       | think it's clickbait and i am not the target audience anymore.
        
         | yawnxyz wrote:
         | same... this article doesn't actually seem to cover its own
         | topic. One has to wonder if the article itself was written
         | slowly, or rushed to production to garner more clicks?
         | 
         | I would have loved to learn about how to synthesize and filter
         | what you read, and at what point your amount of stuff to read
         | reaches saturation. I always hear "I read all the books I could
         | find!" but that's an impossible statement for almost any field
         | -- I just want to know if there's an agreed upon state where
         | one can feel that one has read everything available to start
         | thinking for oneself and forming original thoughts.
        
         | throw14082020 wrote:
         | I agree too. I have the same feeling about Scott Young's
         | newsletters. They both seem talk a lot but don't provide the
         | same level of value they used. Then again, this article is from
         | 2015.
         | 
         | > The best way to improve your ability to think is to actually
         | spend time thinking.
         | 
         | > Good decision makers understand a simple truth: you can't
         | make good decisions without good thinking and good thinking
         | requires time.
         | 
         | One I still subscribe to is James Clear, I really like his
         | 3-2-1 newsletters every thursday.
         | 
         | One from a few weeks ago:
         | 
         | > "Fear of failure is higher when you're not working on the
         | problem.
         | 
         | > If you are taking action, you are less worried about failure
         | because you realize you can influence the outcome."
        
           | bogdanoff_2 wrote:
           | > "Fear of failure is higher when you're not working on the
           | problem.
           | 
           | > If you are taking action, you are less worried about
           | failure because you realize you can influence the outcome."
           | 
           | I wish I could internalize that. For some reasons I feel as
           | if it was the opposite.
        
           | ampersandy wrote:
           | This fear of failure by others is why so many people have a
           | hard time delegating. Sometimes things will fail, and that's
           | ok (with a few exceptions, of course).
        
         | redisman wrote:
         | It's self-help. Usually the half life of those is a few
         | articles and then you kind of know that they'll just repeat
         | that until people stop paying attention to them
        
         | alexpetralia wrote:
         | I had the exact same impression. It has become so watered down
         | and superficial.
        
       | wombatmobile wrote:
       | > I used to have students who bragged to me about how fast they
       | wrote their papers. I would tell them that the great German
       | novelist Thomas Mann said that a writer is someone for whom
       | writing is more difficult than it is for other people. The best
       | writers write much more slowly than everyone else, and the better
       | they are, the slower they write.
       | 
       | Dear Son,
       | 
       | I am writing this slow, 'cause I know you can't read fast. There
       | are a few things happening here at home. We don't live where we
       | did when you left -- you're father read in the paper that most
       | car accidents happen within twenty miles of home, so we moved. I
       | won't be able to send you the address because we moved into your
       | cousins old house and they took the numbers with them so they
       | wouldn't have to change their address. The new place has a
       | washing machine! It's in a small room that also has a shower in
       | it. The first day, I put four shirts in. I pressed the lever and
       | I haven't seen them since. The weather is nice here. It rained
       | twice this week. Three days the first time and four days the
       | second time. Remember that coat you wanted me to send you? Well,
       | your aunt said that it would be too heavy to send in the mail, so
       | we cut the buttons off and put them in the pocket. Monday we got
       | a bill from the funeral home. It said if we don't make the last
       | payment on Grandma's funeral ... up she comes ... Your father has
       | a lovely new job. He has over 500 men under him. He's cutting
       | grass at the cemetery. Your brother's wife had a baby this
       | morning. We don't know whether it's a boy or a girl, so we don't
       | know if you are an aunt or an uncle. Your uncle fell in the
       | whiskey vat and drowned. We cremated him. He burned for 3 days.
       | Last week 3 of your friends went off the bridge in a pickup
       | truck. One was driving and the other two were riding in the back.
       | The driver rolled down the window and swam to safety. The other
       | two drowned. They couldn't get the tailgate down. Not much else.
       | Write more often. Love, Mom
       | 
       | P.S. -- We would have sent money, but the envelope was already
       | sealed.
        
       | ClosedPistachio wrote:
       | >Thinking is one of those things that can be learned but can't be
       | taught.
       | 
       | Then the article (poorly) tries to teach you techniques how to
       | think better. Pass.
        
       | mottosso wrote:
       | > Good decisions create time, bad ones consume it.
       | 
       | My key takeaway from this article, well put.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | First, define in detail what you mean by "think".
        
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       (page generated 2021-05-09 23:00 UTC)