[HN Gopher] Buying a Bitcoin emits 195x as much CO2 as buying an...
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       Buying a Bitcoin emits 195x as much CO2 as buying an iPhone
        
       Author : yanneves
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2021-05-02 22:18 UTC (44 minutes ago)
        
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       | Kreotiko wrote:
       | The title should be 195x as much CO2 as producing an iPhone. In
       | regards of buying and if you are drawing a comparison with fiat
       | currencies you should take into consideration the environmental
       | impact for producing, circulating and securing the money that is
       | used for the transaction.
       | 
       | Nobody ever talks about what is around fiat, ATMs, money counting
       | machines, heavy armoured vehicles moving them around, etc.
        
       | scientismer wrote:
       | Actually the costs to mine a block on the blockchain are the
       | same, no matter if somebody buys a Bitcoin or not. At most you
       | could argue that driving up the price gives miners an incentive
       | to mine more.
        
       | ypeterholmes wrote:
       | _"...with regards to NFTs we will see PoW take precedence since
       | it reduces fraud. "_
       | 
       | This is a massive assumption, and likely wrong. From Ethereum to
       | Cardano and beyond, NFT's are almost exclusively being created on
       | smart contract platforms that either already utilize PoS or are
       | transitioning to it quickly. So the idea that PoW will take
       | precedent in the NFT space.. how?
       | 
       | Regarding fraud, is that to suggest PoS is not secure? Also a
       | massive assumption and likely wrong.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | The higher the price BTC go, the more miners will mine to get it
       | near break even. Imagine 600k price where some pumpers are
       | targeting, you are looking at potentially 10x the energy used to
       | mine blocks. Is that a correct characterization of the problem at
       | hand?
        
       | barbegal wrote:
       | This articles makes absolutely no sense. It uses market
       | capitalisation of Apple and bitcoin to compare the CO2 emissions
       | of an iPhone and a bitcoin transaction which is clearly nonsense.
       | You could calculate the rough CO2 emissions of a 1 BTC
       | transaction by dividing annual estimated CO2 emissions by bitcoin
       | miners (35 million tonnes) by the number of annual transactions
       | (100 million) which equates to about 350kg of CO2.
       | 
       | An iPhone on the other hand produces around 100kg of CO2 to
       | manufacture according to
       | https://www.compareandrecycle.co.uk/blog/iphone-lifecycle-wh...
       | 
       | So in summary it's actually only 3 to 4 times.
        
       | victorbstan wrote:
       | I'm trying to understand this. The value of the "emission" would
       | fluctuate with the value of the coin? But the wording is weird.
       | How is "buying a Bitcoin" generating 195x co2 compared to x? The
       | mining of Bitcoin has already happened. That emission is over for
       | that Bitcoin after it has been mined. And tying either Bitcoin
       | emission values to capital values. Or iphone emission values to
       | Apples capital value also doesn't seem very intuitive. What's the
       | point?
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | Apple operates at pretty comfortable profit margins. At one time
       | it was the most profitable company in the world. I'm not sure
       | this comparison is fair - Apple is famous for creating highly
       | valuable outputs with relatively minimal inputs.
       | 
       | This comparison is just for fun, but there seems to be some buzz
       | about Bitcoin not being environmentally friendly I don't know why
       | people are all grumpy about Bitcoin, there are a lot of things
       | that we waste energy on.
       | 
       | Maybe if the world governments were a bit more responsible with
       | their currencies then there wouldn't be a need for Bitcoin. It
       | was a direct response to the outrageous actions taken after the
       | '07 crisis.
        
       | FFRefresh wrote:
       | I was a bit disappointed in the article given the headline. The
       | analytical methodology used here is a bit odd to me, and there
       | was no explanation as to why this methodology was used.
       | 
       | I still don't know how much incremental CO2 is emitted from
       | buying a Bitcoin or an iPhone after reading it. All I see is a
       | weird CO2 divided by market cap calculation...
       | 
       | Does anyone else have good data on the incremental CO2 emissions
       | from either of these?
        
       | mcfly1985 wrote:
       | Another NPC attacking bitcoin. Gotta keep the sheep believing the
       | devaluing of their savings and wages is a good thing.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | > Does that mean cryptoassets are doomed technology? No, this
       | spells the need for established institutions to adopt and support
       | crypto. The demand is there. Meanwhile, we need to be more
       | cautious of the actors we currently enable in crypto networks and
       | the corners they're willing to cut in the pursuit of profit.
       | 
       | Exactly. Everyone that matters is putting their energy towards
       | creating incentives and software that allows for similar security
       | and confidence of crypto networks, while using less energy.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | > The demand is there.
         | 
         | Let's talk when covid is over. It wouldn't be the first time it
         | drops 80%
        
           | scientismer wrote:
           | Why would Covid drive up the price of Bitcoin? Sure, the
           | pandemic is being used for attempted government power grasps,
           | but those won't go away with Covid.
        
           | alwillis wrote:
           | 1. COVID-19 isn't going to be "over" in any conventional
           | sense any time soon. There are too many cases and too many
           | variants.
           | 
           | 2. With billions of institutional money and billions more
           | waiting until ETFs in the US are approved, Bitcoin has
           | something it didn't have back in the day: a floor.
           | 
           | The days of 80% drops are over.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | And it wouldn't be the first time it rebounded.
        
             | thathndude wrote:
             | This response doesn't make any sense. It's not pulling back
             | right now.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | christopherwxyz wrote:
       | Only if you buy one at a time. Trying buying in bulk.
        
         | TJSomething wrote:
         | I personally don't have the cash to buy more than one and I
         | feel like a lot of the point of cryptocurrency is that
         | individuals don't have to trust a financial institution.
        
       | nceqs3 wrote:
       | And unlike Bitcoin you use your iPhone everyday...
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | _" the decision to buy one Bitcoin versus about 29 iPhone 12 Pros
       | emits 195 times as much CO2"_
       | 
       | The headline made it sound like 195x a single iPhone...
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | The Bitcoin CO2 is some made up measure anyway, mining interest
         | for a year isn't really attributable to the market cap of
         | Bitcoin (they feed back on each other and so on, but there's no
         | direct relationship).
        
         | yanneves wrote:
         | you're right, I reworded that incorrectly - now updated, thanks
         | for spotting it!
        
       | social_quotient wrote:
       | But one lasts forever and the other is wasted in 2-3 years?
        
         | dhdc wrote:
         | Forever sitting in your wallet, because its an "investment" and
         | cannot be spent normally?
        
       | I_am_tiberius wrote:
       | How can this be calculated? I mean, it's possible to use solar
       | energy for running mining equipment.
        
         | yuliyp wrote:
         | Use the overall distribution of generation sources for the
         | electric grid?
        
         | scientismer wrote:
         | It's probably all bullshit. There are papers by professors of
         | music studies claiming listening to streaming services wastes a
         | gigazillion of CO2. It's all just back of the napkin estimates.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Ha. Reminds me of the old warning message that used to come
           | up in rn when you posted something to USENET:
           | 
           |  _This program posts news to thousands of machines throughout
           | the entire civilized world. Your message will cost the net
           | hundreds if not thousands of dollars to send everywhere.
           | Please be sure you know what you are doing._
        
         | celticninja wrote:
         | https://cbeci.org/
        
         | kenniskrag wrote:
         | Using solar energy "pollutes" also the environment.
         | 
         | 1. Less energy is available for other demands. They have to be
         | filled up with other energy sources. (Assuming, that they do
         | not use their own panels for mining.)
         | 
         | 2. Producing solar panels produces CO2
        
       | 1976gian wrote:
       | Nice
        
       | wqsz7xn wrote:
       | I feel like it's really easy to pin bitcoin on its energy usage
       | just because it's so easily measurable. Is there any research
       | that compares a traditional banking platform in terms of W/tx in
       | comparison to bitcoin?
        
         | Nursie wrote:
         | Thought experiment - Bitcoin supports fewer transactions than
         | are needed for a mid-sized town, yet uses more power than most
         | small countries.
         | 
         | The upper limit of the amount of the amount of power a
         | country's financial system could use is the power footprint of
         | that country. Likely the real usage is a small percentage of
         | that, but that's the upper limit.
         | 
         | Now, given Bitcoin uses more power than countries of millions,
         | but supports the transaction load of a few hundred thousand, do
         | you think it is the _slightest_ bit possible your comparison
         | would come out favourable to Bitcoin?
        
         | losteric wrote:
         | Not bank transfers, but https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-
         | energy-consumption says
         | 
         | > 778,988 - The number of VISA transactions that could be
         | powered by the energy consumed for a single Bitcoin transaction
         | on average (1157.81 kWh).
         | 
         | Obviously bank transactions would also come out way ahead,
         | those are essentially a DB update built on trust and for speed,
         | whereas proof-of-work is severely inefficient by design.
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | It's not _that_ power intensive to do a BTC transaction
         | (although the requirement for every full node to duplicate the
         | work kinda limits its relative efficiency). What drives up the
         | power usage is the way miners compete for new bitcoins. 25 new
         | bitcoins are minted every ~10 minutes, and 1 BTC is worth
         | 56,378.78 USD right now, so the miners can collectively spend
         | up $1.4 million (in electricity, hardware depreciation, etc)
         | every ten minutes and still break even.
        
         | arebop wrote:
         | It gets pretty thorny because you have to be careful about what
         | aspects of traditional platforms correspond to the problems
         | addressed by bitcoins. Some folks will try to compare the
         | electricity usage of Visa to that of Bitcoin for example, even
         | though Bitcoin doesn't provide low-latency payments and Visa
         | doesn't provide distributed consensus.
         | 
         | Another easy thing to measure about Bitcoin is its economic
         | value. You can readily assess the market capitalization, and
         | you can also examine the blockchain to see precisely how much
         | it cost users to conduct the transactions in recent blocks. The
         | bottom line for me is that the miners aren't working for
         | charity; they are taking fees+reward >= their electricity cost,
         | and this is paid for by the users of Bitcoin. So those who
         | criticize Bitcoin as an environmental catastrophe might as well
         | say the same thing about YouTube, Aluminum production, or
         | modern industry more generally.
         | 
         | It's just a particularly easy target because many people find
         | the economic importance of Bitcoin and the recent development
         | of the same mystifying.
        
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       (page generated 2021-05-02 23:02 UTC)