[HN Gopher] Havana syndrome: NSA officer's case hints at microwa...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Havana syndrome: NSA officer's case hints at microwave attacks
       since 90s
        
       Author : samizdis
       Score  : 166 points
       Date   : 2021-05-02 09:14 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | grouphugs wrote:
       | the nsa and cia are not victims in this story, neither are u.s
       | diplomats. these are weapons that the nazis have touted for
       | decades as their secret weapon. i've had weapons like this used
       | on me a lot
        
       | ALittleLight wrote:
       | Absurd that groups as well resourced as the intelligence agencies
       | aren't taking care of their people who've seemingly been injured
       | in enemy attacks.
       | 
       | Also, I don't understand the point of using this weapon. It seems
       | like it causes debilitating issues, sometimes years later, but
       | it's intermittently used on relatively low level personnel?
       | What's the point? Make Americans afraid to work in Russia and
       | Cuba?
       | 
       | I also wonder if we have a similar weapon and if there is
       | retaliatory microwaving going on. e.g. You microwaved our bug
       | checkers, now we're going to microwave your <Russian equivalent>.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | >What's the point? Make Americans afraid to work in Russia and
         | Cuba?
         | 
         | Wouldn't you want to deter spies from a fairly terrifying
         | hostile power?
         | 
         | It's unclear if they did it (evidence seems thin) but the
         | motive is definitely there, just as the motive for the Latin
         | American "cancer gun" was definitely there:
         | 
         | https://english.pravda.ru/world/120158-south_america/
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | It's possible it's a side effect of something else. Maybe they
         | are using directed microwaves to power eavesdropping equipment,
         | and the individuals in proximity to that equipment are getting
         | sick.
        
           | ogurechny wrote:
           | Probably the most obvious explanation. I suppose that both
           | attacking a diplomatic staff with a knife and just
           | intentionally serving them contaminated food that puts them
           | on the toilet for a couple of days would lead to some
           | response. If something that can be easily identified with
           | technical means produces no diplomatic response, then,
           | despite the consequences, it's not considered an attack.
           | Seems to be part of the job description. Most likely, they
           | couldn't even ask politely, behind the curtains, to stop that
           | because the answer would be "Sure, if you stop doing the
           | same, too". And none of that can be discussed openly because
           | of the secrecy of spying technologies, so they have to invent
           | stories about non-lethal weapons when the case could probably
           | be described as "Major Ivanov, increase the power until we
           | get a clear signal".
           | 
           | When you start paying attention to these stories, it becomes
           | clear that these secrets are kept first and foremost from the
           | general public of the native countries, mostly for both
           | public image and non-accountability privilege. It makes no
           | sense to deny something that has been known to secret
           | services of every developed country otherwise. It's quite
           | ironic that before Snowden, military insurgents trained by
           | this or that superpower, and mafia bosses who hired ex-
           | special-agents had a more clear picture on, say, phone
           | surveillance than law-abiding citizens.
        
           | teachingassist wrote:
           | This makes it seem like friendly fire is a reasonable
           | hypothesis - as some side-effect of physical security
           | measures taken by the US government.
           | 
           | Since the reported attacks generally happen within a radius
           | of US locations requiring physical security - and apparently
           | not in any other location.
           | 
           | It's otherwise difficult to explain why the USA would be the
           | singular target of these alleged attacks, for a period
           | stretching across decades.
        
             | rvba wrote:
             | Your post looks like disinformation. Something bad happens
             | to US and Canadian diplomats in a foreign country, yet you
             | find a way to blame USA.
        
               | DubiousPusher wrote:
               | No, it's that based on the scant material evidence here,
               | almost any explanation is just as reasonable as, it's a
               | secret Cuban ray weapon.
        
             | dasudasu wrote:
             | Canadian diplomats were also affected in the case of
             | Havana. They have good relationships with Cuba, send a good
             | flow of tourists, and have no sanctions in place.
        
         | Swenrekcah wrote:
         | If the attack takes years or decades to have full cognitive
         | detrimental effect, then it makes sense to attack the currently
         | low-to-mid level staff.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | That doesn't make sense. This isn't baseball and you're
           | scouting for good prospects to sabotage.
           | 
           | As someone else pointed out it might be a side effect to
           | something else.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | How widespread can this equipment be though that none has
           | ever been recovered as a weapon of the enemy?
           | 
           | If you have enough resources to start targeting low to mid
           | level staff, then you have to have a lot of practical devices
           | which are mobile.
           | 
           | While it's plausible the US has in fact recovered a whole
           | bunch of them and kept it secret...why? The microwave attack
           | rumor is _common_ which means _everyone_ is looking into
           | whether it can be done. Announcing you found the device and
           | not showing pictures even - but instead nothing. No detectors
           | either and as noted above detecting RF would be extremely
           | cheap - deploy a couple of devices and you 've got a
           | direction finder telling you exactly where it's coming from.
           | 
           | Havana syndrome could be a lot of things: the US is a big
           | place, and decades ago food safety standards and additives
           | were very different - MRE composition or catered food service
           | would have had regional characteristics, but so would just
           | random events happening randomly - on a long enough timescale
           | you'd get a cluster of health issues from the people you sent
           | through one part of the world but not another. Once you're
           | into talking about multi-decadal outcomes this gets even
           | fuzzier.
        
             | 13415 wrote:
             | It could be extremely widespread if it is used by
             | intelligence agencies, especially if the attacks are
             | conducted by official embassy staff with diplomatic
             | immunity abroad or by domestic intelligence operatives in
             | the country.
             | 
             | For example, I don't think CIA operatives could easily
             | snatch a car full of FSB agents on the streets of Moscow,
             | confiscate their equipment, and get away with it. The same
             | for Havana. (If they had a way to detect the attacks, they
             | might try, but the point is even then it wouldn't be easy.
             | AFAIK, operatives generally do not attack each other
             | directly on foreign soil.)
        
           | tqkxzugoaupvwqr wrote:
           | Can you please explain in more detail why it makes sense to
           | attack low-level staff? I can't follow. Is it because low-
           | level staff rotates more often and is only a short time in
           | the country so effects won't be connected to their stay in
           | Kuba?
        
             | realce wrote:
             | Low level staff today is the high level staff of 15 years
             | from now, so you just make them dumb now.
        
               | ALittleLight wrote:
               | Probably a very low percentage of low level staff today
               | will be high level staff 15 years forward - especially if
               | you microwaving them. If that were the adversary's
               | intention then I would expect hundreds or thousands of
               | our staff to be suffering. As is, it looks like only a
               | few people spread across decades. Malfunctioning of a
               | microwave power source is the only thing that makes sense
               | to me.
        
               | infoseek12 wrote:
               | Directly attacking the health of US personal would be a
               | hugely provocative act. I'm not saying the Russians
               | wouldn't do it. There are reports that they paid out
               | bounties in Afghanistan to attack US troops. But
               | launching a campaign to enfeeble the intellect of future
               | high level state department officials in this manner
               | doesn't make much sense. If you tried this kind of attack
               | on a large scale and targeted a significant number of
               | personnel, you would surely get caught which would lead
               | to severe consequences. If you did it on a small scale
               | that you might get away with, it would still be a risky
               | and expensive undertaking and you'd only end up hurting a
               | small fraction of one percent of possible future leaders.
               | The cost benefit analysis doesn't make sense to me.
               | 
               | We obviously don't have enough information to really know
               | what's going on here but I do thinking some possibilities
               | that don't make very much sense can be excluded.
        
               | quakeguy wrote:
               | The bounty story has been corrected, it was very thin to
               | begin with.
               | 
               | https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/joe-bidens-tale-of-
               | rus...
        
               | DubiousPusher wrote:
               | Yeah, especially without the support of the Soviet Union,
               | it's very unlikely Cuba is interested in provoking the
               | United States.
        
             | thoughtstheseus wrote:
             | I'll take a shot. If it takes years of exposure, or is
             | delayed, to be effective you want to aim for staffers
             | before they are in key/important positions. Maybe staffers
             | in embassy positions track well into higher, more important
             | jobs?
        
               | freeflight wrote:
               | That would require more foreknowledge about career
               | trajectories than even the US government itself has about
               | its own people.
        
               | thoughtstheseus wrote:
               | The stereotype for government officials/workers is they
               | stay in that industry. Sure you can't target specific
               | roles but you can generally weaken an organization or
               | division through such "gray zone" tactics. Again, just
               | trying to add to the discussion, most likely this is not
               | correct.
        
         | DubiousPusher wrote:
         | Based on the evidence it's just as likely these are some kind
         | of functional disorder as the product of an attack. Be careful
         | about believing things just based on what intelligence agents
         | report.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | My favorite theory (I think from an HN comment?) about Havana
       | syndrome is simple poisoning. It fits the observed symptoms
       | better than magic, wall-jumping microwaves.
        
         | tediousdemise wrote:
         | Food poisoning makes sense. I got a bad case of Moctezuma's
         | revenge[0] when I visited Cuba a few years ago.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.merriam-
         | webster.com/dictionary/Montezuma%27s%20r...
        
       | leoc wrote:
       | The whole story of Polymeropoulos' visit to Russia is pretty odd
       | even aside from his strange symptoms and the apparent attack.
       | https://www.gq.com/story/cia-investigation-and-russian-micro...
       | It sounds more than a bit like the farcical UK police visit to
       | Moscow to investigate Alexander Litvinenko's poisoning
       | https://news.sky.com/story/skripal-poisoning-police-must-be-... ,
       | which also saw the investigators becoming mysteriously unwell
       | https://www.itv.com/news/2017-04-12/british-detective-i-was-... .
       | Of course Cameron's UK government was reportedly not really that
       | keen on having to do much about Russian espionage in the UK.
       | You'd have to wonder if the Trump administration was likewise not
       | really all that firmly behind the people they send to Moscow, or
       | if the CIA's Russia experts saw trouble coming and managed to
       | duck out of the asssignment, or perhaps both.
        
         | room505 wrote:
         | I added this this to another submission on hn and think many
         | would be interested in what he personally has to say.
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=y5jTbsvd3rA
        
       | bArray wrote:
       | Are microwave attacks something that is proven to exist? Can we
       | replicate the effects on mice from some distance? Given the fact
       | they pass through walls, this kind of bounds the frequency range
       | the attacks could exist in... I would expect to see radio
       | interference on nearby devices, etc (even if operating on a
       | different frequency).
       | 
       | I wouldn't be entirely surprised if these could be self-
       | manifesting symptoms from people experiencing burnout, etc. I
       | think there is an example where some town put up a cell tower and
       | everybody started complaining about headaches, despite it being
       | turned off. I think all possibilities should be considered.
       | 
       | Honestly, if I were to attack diplomatic officials, it would be
       | far easier to get them to ingest something. A slow acting toxin
       | for example that you wouldn't normally be searching for on a
       | postmortem - especially if all you're trying to achieve is to
       | impair their mental agility to better your position in talks.
       | 
       | I know people working in foreign Countries who purposely pay more
       | money for Western-import food to avoid accidentally doing this to
       | themselves. In poorer locations you cannot be sure where or how
       | the food was grown. For all you know it comes from an old lady's
       | garden who lives next to the chemical processing facility.
       | Locating the source of food in an completely un-tracked market
       | will be near impossible.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | > A slow acting toxin for example
         | 
         | Afflatoxin. Common in food and gives you liver cancer.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | This reminds me of the "I figured out what was wrong with my
         | brain" post from a few days ago.
         | 
         | The entire blog was written as if the cause was "overthinking"
         | and he physically depleted some resource in his brain leading
         | to seizures. In reality the illness he linked to clearly states
         | that it is a psychological condition of being
         | overworked/stressed, and treatment needs to be "culturally
         | sensitive" and done with CBT, which would not be the case if
         | you were just missing some chemical in your brain.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | The psychological effects could be side effects of a miss
           | chemical. Even after adding the missing chemical
           | psychological issues may need to be dealt with.
        
         | andi999 wrote:
         | To me this (the microwave part) just sounds like jumping to
         | conclusions. I mean why not some (toxic) knock out gas? It
         | reminds me of the cartoon pinky and the brain:`we use microwave
         | and coffee creamer, everybody will believe our miracle, because
         | nobody knows how these things work.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Yes,
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon
         | 
         | 2.4 GHz is used to heat your food in the microwave. Pulses that
         | increase the fluence by an order of magnitude or more could
         | probably boil water for a microsecond inside the brain and
         | cause some strange reactions.
         | 
         | What is unproven though, is how one would ever shrink the size
         | of an electronic weapon like this.
        
           | andi999 wrote:
           | If liquid in your brain boils, wouldn't you also just turn
           | blind (since the eyeball gets damaged by heat)
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | The Active Denial System, listed on your link, causes pain by
           | heating water in the skin.
           | 
           | What is the proposed system for getting microwaves past the
           | skin into the brain without creating the same effect as the
           | ADS?
        
             | smolder wrote:
             | Hopefully not bothering anyone with my wild speculation and
             | incomplete physics knowledge here...
             | 
             | Could it be there is some way to target a location with
             | multiple radio beams such that the damaging effect occurs
             | at the point of interference? Maybe just constructive
             | interference from multiple weaker beams? Something like
             | this would need to be aimed precisely of course.
             | 
             | I was further led to thinking about the way you can
             | generate sound at a distance from beams of ultrasound. [0]
             | Either the fluid within the beam or an object struck by the
             | beam acts as a demodulator. I don't really know if
             | something like this could apply with radio.
             | 
             | The other thing that I thought of was the way microwave
             | ovens excite water molecules specifically. Maybe there is
             | some other wavelength or combination of them which excites
             | other specific molecules or structures present in the
             | brain?
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_from_ultrasound
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | _> Could it be there is some way to target a location
               | with multiple radio beams such that the damaging effect
               | occurs at the point of interference? Maybe just
               | constructive interference from multiple weaker beams?
               | Something like this would need to be aimed precisely of
               | course._
               | 
               | Yes, a phased array [1], which is likely what the GGP was
               | referring to by "What is unproven though, is how one
               | would ever shrink the size of an electronic weapon like
               | this."
               | 
               | Advanced radars work by creating a concentrated beam of
               | RF with constructive interference and scanning it across
               | the sky, but the installations are huge. A smaller
               | directed microwave weapon would be meters across, hard to
               | hide, and noisy.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased_array
        
             | bmicraft wrote:
             | Using longer wavelengths should do exactly that.
        
               | vermilingua wrote:
               | But do longer wavelengths act on water in the same way as
               | microwave?
        
               | fzzzy wrote:
               | They act on systems of distributed induction and
               | capacitance which are resonant to that longer wavelength.
        
               | truth_ wrote:
               | Or longer frequency i.e. shorter wavelength?
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | How would that achieve what the other poster is saying,
               | which is to heat the insides _more_ than the surface?
               | Wouldn 't that just heat both the insides and the surface
               | more evenly?
        
               | fouric wrote:
               | Even if this was the case - the insides and surface of
               | the human body have rather different characteristics,
               | with the inside being more sensitive to, well, just about
               | everything than the surface.
        
             | nabla9 wrote:
             | Using the same frequency range as your home microwave does.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | Which would be very painful when it heats the skin.
        
               | nabla9 wrote:
               | Have you noticed how microwave cooking is not warming up
               | the skin any faster than the insides? The wavelength is
               | selected so that it penetrates and warms water molecules.
               | It would cook your insides according to their water
               | content.
               | 
               | Surface of the skin has less water than tissue inside, so
               | you would feel pain beneath the skin.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | MythBusters tested that, the outsides (of food) heat up
               | first.
        
               | binbag wrote:
               | Oh well it must be the case then? Microwaves resonate
               | with water molecules. If the surface is moist it will
               | heat first. If not... Well it won't!
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | The fact that reverse thermal gradients are often present
               | in microwave thermal processing of materials is quite
               | well known and can be replicated in food in your home
               | microwave, precisely as nabla9 said, regardless of
               | Mythbusters being able to produce a forward thermal
               | gradient.
               | 
               | Microwaves attenuate as they penetrate a resistive or
               | high-permittivity substance, because they deposit some of
               | their energy as they pass through. In the limit of
               | infinite depth, no radiation survives and there is no
               | heating. Given a homogenous substance, the heating is
               | always strongest at the surface, decaying exponentially
               | (to a good approximation) as you go deeper.
               | 
               | However, heating is not the same thing as temperature.
               | The surface of food in your microwave is exposed to room-
               | temperature air and can therefore cool down by conducting
               | its heat to that air. Food just under the surface can
               | conduct its heat to the surface food, while deeper food
               | cannot. It's easy to set up situations where this results
               | in a reverse thermal gradient penetrating some distance
               | into the food, or even all the way to the center. This is
               | one of the most significant advantages of microwave
               | heating in industrial material processing, because there
               | are many cases where the normal thermal gradient produces
               | cracking and microwave-induced reverse thermal gradients
               | do not.
               | 
               | You can set up a forward thermal gradient with microwave
               | heating by some combination of hot air, strong
               | attenuation, short exposure times, shorter wavelengths,
               | and great depth, although unless the air is actually
               | hotter than the highest temperature reached within the
               | food there will always be a reverse thermal gradient
               | present at the surface, since the heat equation always
               | produces a continuous temperature field at t [?] 0. You
               | may be able to get the reverse thermal gradient to be
               | entirely outside the solid body if you work hard enough,
               | but a much easier way is to only measure the temperature
               | at intervals large enough that the entire reverse thermal
               | gradient is smaller than the first interval. For example,
               | if the thermal maximum is 8 mm under the skin, you could
               | measure the temperature at the surface, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm,
               | 4 cm, and 5 cm.
               | 
               | The attenuation is dependent on the attenuating medium
               | and on wavelength. As explained in
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Denial_System the
               | ADS uses 95-GHz radio waves with 0.4-mm penetration depth
               | in human flesh, while your microwave oven used 2.4-GHz
               | radio waves with 17-mm penetration depth in human flesh.
               | 
               | nabla9 has been downvoted for politely and
               | straightforwardly, if briefly, explaining these perfectly
               | correct and verifiable facts, facts which are central to
               | the discussion. This makes it clear that the voting
               | public at HN has extremely poor judgment and should not
               | be permitted a vote on comments of decent people.
        
               | JarlUlvi wrote:
               | When the US military sets up an AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder
               | radar, or similar variants, it is typical for these to
               | have taped off (like police tape) sections where the
               | energy is dangerous to humans. These devices, although
               | mounted on trailers typically, are fairly old, and not
               | designed for a point location, but rather distance.
               | 
               | I was told that being overly close to these devices in
               | operation will lead to brain injuries
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | MythBusters notwithstanding I have an RF burn on one of
               | my fingers that was barely visible at the surface when it
               | happened but which totally cooked the tissue up to about
               | 6 millimeters inwards. It's a pretty weird spot, 2.5 mm
               | across and even 35 years later it hasn't healed, the zone
               | is simply dead to the touch even though the flesh has
               | recovered. You can also still see exactly the shape of
               | the original burn.
               | 
               | Note to self: pay attention when trimming HF transmitters
               | about where you keep stray digits and where the locations
               | of the tops of trimmers are relative to those digits.
        
               | PhasmaFelis wrote:
               | > Have you noticed how microwave cooking is not warming
               | up the skin any faster than the insides?
               | 
               | No. Microwave hot pockets are famous for coming out
               | boiling on the outside, cold on the inside (if you don't
               | let it sit for a couple minutes to equalize).
        
               | staticassertion wrote:
               | Basing an argument on hot pockets feels weak.
        
           | bqmjjx0kac wrote:
           | I imagine a direct beam would cause visible burns, but
           | something that never occurred to me is using beamforming to
           | zap _inside_ someone 's head. Yikes.
           | 
           | Disclaimer: I'm not a physicist.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Basic problem: How do you target this?
             | 
             | Advanced problem: how do you avoid accidentally killing
             | someone while targeting this?
             | 
             | You're just talking about shooting "at" someone's head,
             | you're talking about positioning their head in 3D space and
             | shooting so precisely (through potentially layers of brick,
             | metal brick ties, lath etc.) that you hit only inside their
             | head and don't leave any marks or burns on the skin.
             | 
             | We don't have the technology to reliably do this today at
             | range.
        
               | mycall wrote:
               | Beamforming is a solved problem, using the interference
               | of multiple antennas' energy to resonate at exactly the
               | right location for maximum strength. Why do you think
               | this technology isn't reliable?
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Because you are trying to hit a 15cm by 15cm sphere in 3D
               | space _that you cannot see_.
               | 
               | That it could maybe be done under ideal conditions
               | doesn't explain how you do it when the target is mobile
               | (but let's be generous and say you assume they're in
               | bed), and you need to accurately visualize where they are
               | through an unspecified amount of intermediate interfering
               | elements (people's bedrooms aren't glass boxes).
               | 
               | Foil wall insulation would disrupt an attempt at
               | microwave beamforming - so how is targeting being
               | achieved so precisely as to be undetectable and cause no
               | other environmental effects?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | But you could set up a field in such a way that
               | statistically speaking inside any 15x15x15 sphere there
               | would be at least one reinforcement happening.
        
           | im3w1l wrote:
           | You don't need to shrink it. Just go to the 5g antennas in
           | the vicinity and press the big red "activate death ray"
           | button.
        
           | nabla9 wrote:
           | Microwave transmitters are not that big. 4 kW generator or
           | 100 kW pulse generator fits into a suitcase.
           | 
           | What you need is a horn antenna that directs the beam from
           | the distance, across the street for example. It's also
           | possible to have multiple horns around the target. Only in
           | the intersection of the beams the radiation reaches dangerous
           | levels.
        
         | 252452d wrote:
         | Yes, it is possible to create the perception of sound and even
         | distinct words in the mind of a targeted individual.
        
         | tediousdemise wrote:
         | The US government tortured people at Guantanamo for 14 years,
         | so I wonder how long they've been irradiating their diplomats.
        
         | pklee wrote:
         | Interestingly I was listening to this podcast yesterday -
         | https://gimletmedia.com/shows/science-vs/76hgkmv/havana-synd...
         | Analysis all the possibilities through interview with experts.
         | Hope you find it interesting
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be ironic if this was some secret comm equipment
         | that the US is installing in its own embassies
        
           | cookguyruffles wrote:
           | The same idea crossed my mind. Those embassies are chock full
           | of magical equipment, US embassies sometimes have radio-
           | transparent walls for unspecified reasons ( https://en.wikipe
           | dia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_... )
        
         | bingbong70 wrote:
         | One of the leaked NSA slides from 2013-2015 included an
         | electromagnetic weapon that was supposedly used to exfiltrate
         | data from air gapped systems by turning humans (or any living
         | thing with high water content) in a given area into WiFi
         | antennas.
         | 
         | If anyone else remembers the slides detailing this device
         | please post the source.
        
           | sigg3 wrote:
           | It's "just" TEMPEST in the nth iteration.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempest_%28codename%29
        
         | throwaway639035 wrote:
         | Not a proof, but several years ago I found this [1] document
         | from a FOIA request on "Bioeffects of Selected Nonlethal
         | Weapon" and I found it interesting enough to save a copy.
         | Specific section is "Incapacitating Effect: Microwave Hearing".
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://legislature.mi.gov/documents/2013-2014/CommitteeDocu...
         | 
         | Edit: ocr-ed version here:
         | 
         | https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/dangerroom/files/Bioeffec...
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | > _After years of playing down the reports and failing to provide
       | proper medical care for the victims, Washington is now clearly
       | alarmed at the implications of the attacks._
       | 
       | An important reminder to anyone who thinks that putting
       | themselves in harm's way to do jobs for the US spying apparatus
       | is a good idea. They won't even care for you when you get injured
       | on the job, sacrificing yourself for their cause.
        
       | throwaway478543 wrote:
       | A Canadian study came to the conclusion that aggressive pesticide
       | spraying is likely to blame for the Havana syndrome:
       | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/havana-syndrome-neurotoxin-en...
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | People do love an unsolved mystery...
        
       | DubiousPusher wrote:
       | > "They said it was a 'no-brainer' that this medical condition
       | was due to an attack."
       | 
       | Exactly not the kind of people who should be allowed to
       | investigate anything. Not even who framed Roger Rabbit much less
       | a claim of international warfare committed with a secret ray gun.
        
         | tediousdemise wrote:
         | > Donald Trump: I believe Cuba is responsible. _Swiftly expels
         | Cuban diplomats from the US and restricts travel to Cuba._
         | 
         | Regardless of what has been injuring people, it is quite clear
         | that the US has blamed what happened on Cuba and took decisive
         | political actions, without evidence to support Cuba's
         | involvement. It is par for the course with how they've treated
         | Cuba in the past.
        
         | andi999 wrote:
         | Yes. Also if you look at the choice of words this citation only
         | claims an attack, but not microwave attack.
        
       | reedf1 wrote:
       | Can't you just get a spectrum analyser to detect things like
       | this? Did technology like that not exist in this era?
        
       | Google234 wrote:
       | Why don't they install detectors inside all the embassies at risk
       | to prove or disprove this? Why didn't they do this earlier? I'm
       | pretty sure there are many places that could be contracted to
       | make a detector in a few weeks - this isn't new technology. This
       | seems really easy to test... so why are we still speculating.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | If they did, there is no reason we would be told or the results
         | would be made public.
        
         | GVIrish wrote:
         | They could try that, but it seems like personnel are being
         | attacked outside of embassies. They'd need to equip everyone's
         | domicile with detectors as well.
         | 
         | That said, State Dept and the intelligence community should've
         | been all over this. When this happened in Cuba, everyone
         | should've been on high alert. When it happened again after,
         | people should've snapped into action.
         | 
         | It's possible that the powers that be didn't take it seriously
         | but now there's no excuse for Biden admin not to act. Clearly
         | the perpetrator is emboldened and will persist until they
         | experience serious consequences.
         | 
         | And at the very least, those affected by this should be getting
         | workers comp and full support to deal with the effects.
        
           | cheaprentalyeti wrote:
           | Uh, the administration Biden belonged to more or less ignored
           | worse stuff than this that enabled attacks like this. Take,
           | for example, the OPM "hack." Read this:
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/information-
           | technology/2015/06/encry...
           | 
           | IF you're wondering how whoever was running attacks like this
           | would get the data to follow people home with attacks like
           | this, in places where there aren't any sensors, look at these
           | hearings from 2014.
           | 
           | Noone was fired, noone even lost their pension over that.
        
             | GVIrish wrote:
             | > Uh, the administration Biden belonged to more or less
             | ignored worse stuff than this that enabled attacks like
             | this. Take, for example, the OPM "hack."
             | 
             | I worked at State Department during the Obama era and into
             | the Trump era. I am well aware that the Obama
             | administration did not impose adequate consequences for
             | prior acts of espionage and aggression such as the Cozy
             | Bear hack on State Dept or Mikhail Lesin getting bludgeoned
             | to death in DC. There also wasn't adequate pushback against
             | propaganda efforts.
             | 
             | The OPM hack is widely attributed to China and is probably
             | the most devastating breach in recent memory. Who knows
             | what the real world consequences of that have been thus
             | far.
             | 
             | Either way ny point is that right now, today, there is no
             | excuse not to act. Unless maybe they still haven't figured
             | out what is happening and who is responsible.
        
               | cheaprentalyeti wrote:
               | IF my Dad were alive and here and lucid (he had dementia
               | the last five years of his life) he could give details of
               | similar actions by the Russians and the US from basically
               | the late 50's to the late 70's, which was the span of
               | time of his having worked for obscure three-letter
               | agencies.
               | 
               | Oh, and willing to talk. He only talked to me, his son,
               | about a friend of his who he thought was killed by the
               | Russians twice over a forty-year period.
               | 
               | But anyway, I suspect based on that that it's happened
               | plenty of times before without retaliation.
               | 
               | >Either way ny point is that right now, today, there is
               | no excuse not to act. Unless maybe they still haven't
               | figured out what is happening and who is responsible.
               | 
               | I doubt we can; I think the OPM hack has lead on to
               | further intelligence failures, to the point where we
               | can't tell what's going on, can't count on the three
               | letter agencies to tell us the truth about stuff, and
               | can't effectively defend ourselves as a result.
               | 
               | I think that's part of why the allegedly natural virus
               | hit us so hard. One failure leads to the next.
        
             | enkid wrote:
             | I agree that more should have been done, but the director
             | of the OPM did resign, which is basically being fired in
             | that kind of position. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
             | way/2015/07/10/421783403...
        
               | ianhawes wrote:
               | OPM Director is a political position with a defined end
               | date. They serve for 1-4 years.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | I would put them on police cars. They are driving around anyway
         | and their other duties are not that different. Also, the
         | alternative is for them not to know they are getting zapped.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | A small detector would be easy to build and carry around, with
         | 80's technology.
         | 
         | The connection between these events is tenuous at best.
        
           | Google234 wrote:
           | Yeah, it actually looks like you can buy them on Amazon for
           | about 30$. I don't want to doubt but this seems so simple to
           | test that the lack of any direct evidence makes me
           | suspicious.
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/Electromagnetic-
           | Radiation-5HZ-3500MHz...
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | The descriptions of the attacks seem to indicate a pretty
             | narrow beamwidth, so you'd probably have to wear it on a
             | helmet :)
        
               | lolc wrote:
               | At intensities that would injure, you light up the whole
               | neighbourhood with scattered radiation. There's no hiding
               | this attack from a sensor in the vicinity.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | The math would be interesting to see. I haven't seen a
               | directed energy antenna, but you can easily drop 9db with
               | single digit degrees off target with a big dish.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | 9dB is really not a lot. If you're going to be sending
               | 10kW+ of radiation 9dB of directionality still means
               | you're gonna light up the whole neighborhood.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | In the most literal sense of the word. 1 KW at 100 meters
               | on a directional antenna like that will happily light up
               | neon tubes. The field is going to be a few hundred
               | V/meter.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | This kind of device seems marketed towards people who think
             | EM waves in general are bad for them. It says it can't
             | detect RF radiation while it clearly says 3.5Ghz in the
             | description, so I think it might be a scam.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Regardless of that, wideband EM receivers exist, and the
               | US has some with incredibly high sensitivities.
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | I've honestly thought about keeping one of these in my
         | apartment, I worry a bit about people doing stupid things with
         | microwave ovens.
        
           | tscherno wrote:
           | As far as I know the creator of this site was later
           | hospitalized in to locked-ward psychiatry.
           | 
           | http://mikrowellenterror.de/english/index.htm
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | Something like that?
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUNFc1dfU7k
        
       | cardanome wrote:
       | I wont fault people for lacking a basic understanding of science
       | but at least using basic fact checking should be doable.
       | 
       | Like maybe google "microwave attacks snopes" or something:
       | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/do-sonic-weapons-explain-t...
       | (Written in 2017(!) but hey just lets just warm up the story
       | again and again).
       | 
       | I am sorry for being snarky but between having to explain grown
       | ass adults why they should wear masks during a pandemic I am
       | tired for arguing against all the misinformation.
       | 
       | The average person has no idea how microwaves work so they are
       | basically magic and easily to make some scary story up. Why
       | change the time tested cold war approach of just throwing
       | ridiculous lies against any perceived enemy of the US of A and
       | see what sticks. If it doesn't stick the first time, just repeat
       | and repeat it. The more often people hear it the more believable
       | it seems.
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | Is your claim that the US EE professor and the US professor of
         | neurosurgery quoted in the Snopes article are lying for their
         | government, or that they are grossly incompetent?
        
         | candiodari wrote:
         | But the problem with this sort of attitudes is that governments
         | constantly lie. In a number of cases this is explainable. For
         | instance, one way we do nuclear weapon containment is by lying
         | about certain properties of Uranium (and of course mostly lie
         | about lying, and of course, most researchers don't think it's
         | particularly effective. While you need uranium to find the
         | correct values, uranium + an old tv can tell you exactly what's
         | being lied about and what the correct values are. Any
         | experimental physicist leans how to do this).
         | 
         | But we are now in the situation that media in Europe are lying
         | every day about the constant violence used by the police in
         | Paris (and Brussels, and Madrid, and ...) against COVID-
         | protestors. For example, just from today:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/KevinTONON_/status/1388575836387880965
         | 
         | (Paris is usually much worse btw)
         | 
         | So you cannot trust these messages. Your argument is
         | essentially an appeal to an authority. It is critically
         | dependent on the authority not lying, and not leaving out
         | critical information, and since you have no ability to figure
         | out what they would lie about (and the State Dept has lied
         | about their own people getting hurt and the causes many times).
         | 
         | That doesn't mean other sources are believable or not. The
         | sources of these conspiracies do mean
         | 
         | 1) people who were here _were_ hurt.
         | 
         | 2) the state department is not helping them.
         | 
         | 3) the purpose of these denial messages is, at least in part,
         | to justify 2).
         | 
         | I'm willing to bet that you at the very least think 2) is not
         | true. So your careful fact checking has in fact lead you astray
         | as well, because authorities, just like anyone else, serve
         | their own interests.
        
           | cardanome wrote:
           | > But the problem with this sort of attitudes is that
           | governments constantly lie.
           | 
           | Governments do lie and there have been many real
           | conspiracies. I don't exactly see how that is a problem with
           | what I wrote. Sure sometimes you have to more research than
           | just look up snopes but the real conspiracies mostly have
           | some realistic motivations and reasons behind them to explain
           | them. Critical thinking can get you far.
           | 
           | > While you need uranium to find the correct values, uranium
           | + an old tv can tell you exactly what's being lied about and
           | what the correct values are. Any experimental physicist leans
           | how to do this).
           | 
           | Exactly, applying the scientific method to find out the truth
           | works.
           | 
           | > But we are now in the situation that media in Europe are
           | lying every day about the constant violence used by the
           | police in Paris (and Brussels, and Madrid, and ...) against
           | COVID-protestors. For example, just from today:
           | 
           | Any measures fighting a pandemic are by nature authoritarian.
           | That can not be helped and doesn't invalidate the measures.
           | 
           | Covid-19 is just the beginning. The more our world is
           | globalized the more often will we have to deal with new
           | viruses and the like. If we don't find a way to effectively
           | contain these challenges we are looking at a world that I
           | don't find particular worth living in. So you are barking up
           | the wrong tree here.
           | 
           | > 1) people who were here were hurt.
           | 
           | Even this is not proven. The symptoms are very unspecific and
           | might not be related to their work.
           | 
           | > 2) the state department is not helping them.
           | 
           | Maybe because of my answer to 1.
           | 
           | > 3) the purpose of these denial messages is, at least in
           | part, to justify 2).
           | 
           | Again the whole arguments fails apart of as the 1st point is
           | not proven.
        
             | candiodari wrote:
             | > Governments do lie and there have been many real
             | conspiracies. I don't exactly see how that is a problem
             | with what I wrote.
             | 
             | Your central thesis is an appeal to authority ... and the
             | authority you pick is one that never really tells the
             | truth, has interests at stake here, and has historically
             | lied with rather large consequences. Nor have they ever
             | even apologised or even admitted wrongdoing. What I'm
             | saying is: pick another authority.
             | 
             | > Exactly, applying the scientific method to find out the
             | truth works.
             | 
             | That seems like an excellent proposal for another authority
             | to go to. A well-cited academic that would at least lose
             | credibility if they lied, for example.
             | 
             | > Any measures fighting a pandemic are by nature
             | authoritarian. That can not be helped and doesn't
             | invalidate the measures.
             | 
             | The measures are authoritarian wild guesses. With, of
             | course, a healthy dose of denying there was anything wrong
             | with past measures and complete refusal to help with the
             | massive damage they are causing or accepting anything
             | remotely resembling responsibility. And half the measures
             | are pandering to special interest groups of course.
             | 
             | None of it justifies feeding people wrong information. And
             | let's not joke here. The government is feeding information,
             | and hiding other information, just like all the other
             | groups are. For instance, they are massively downplaying
             | that the big source of infections was hospitals. We all
             | know why: they're afraid of being called to account for
             | ancient ventilation systems in particularly infectious
             | hospitals. They're afraid of the current systems (of having
             | all publicly insured patients share rooms, EVEN when caring
             | for infectious patients) might be in need of redesign. And
             | the second source of infections is restaurants. That is
             | being downplayed everywhere they reopen them.
             | 
             | And of course, they're especially afraid of the knowledge
             | that we don't know all that much about how it spreads
             | coming out. That it will become public knowledge that most
             | measures are just wild guesses. I understand that, it won't
             | make negotiation about measures easier. It's still wrong.
             | 
             | Here is some real info: https://www.who.int/news-
             | room/commentaries/detail/transmissi...
        
           | skinkestek wrote:
           | > For example, just from today:
           | 
           | > https://twitter.com/KevinTONON_/status/1388575836387880965
           | 
           | I don't know if it was correct for the police to get those
           | people away, but from the video the police
           | 
           | 1. didn't use force until someone started kicking against
           | them etc
           | 
           | 2. when people continued moving away police immediately left
           | them alone
           | 
           | I was expecting police to run after someone who hadn't done
           | anything or something but this looks like a quite ordinary
           | example of "play stupid games, win stupid prizes".
           | 
           | You don't kick after a police officer (or anyone else for
           | that matter) and act surprised when you get a beating.
           | 
           | That said I agree with much of the rest.
        
           | adwi wrote:
           | > one way we do nuclear weapon containment is by lying about
           | certain properties of Uranium (and of course mostly lie about
           | lying, and of course, most researchers don't think it's
           | particularly effective.
           | 
           | What is being lied about, and what is its truth?
        
             | pigscantfly wrote:
             | It sounds to me like GP is hinting that the rate of
             | particle emission for a given mass of uranium (maybe just
             | the more fissile U-235?) is deliberately misreported in the
             | literature. The way people originally determined that value
             | experimentally was to count the light flashes produced over
             | a period of time by a source of ionizing radiation placed
             | at one end of a vacuum tube. I'm not a physicist, so
             | hopefully someone can correct me if I'm barking up the
             | wrong tree here.
        
         | GVIrish wrote:
         | That article doesn't disprove a microwave attack at all, it
         | just says there is no known public evidence that matches up
         | with what is described.
         | 
         | Fact is that if this is real, it is the work of a sophisticated
         | adversary that may have found a novel way to attack people.
         | Even going back to the 60's there was stuff done in spycraft
         | that would seem implausible to most people even today.
         | 
         | A relevant example is the use of microwaves to activate a
         | passive antenna through walls to eaves drop on conversations
         | (look up "The Thing Listening Device). Again this was done many
         | decades ago. Not too far fetched to consider that maybe Russia
         | intelligence services found a way to weaponized microwaves.
        
           | markdown wrote:
           | It isn't real.
        
           | cardanome wrote:
           | > That article doesn't disprove a microwave attack at all, it
           | just says there is no known public evidence that matches up
           | with what is described.
           | 
           | I can not disprove that there is a magic man in the sky. Or a
           | teapot revolving around the sun. [1]
           | 
           | The burden of proof is on the person making the claim not the
           | other way round. Yes, lack of evidence is enough to reject
           | it. Not to mention that the claim goes against established
           | scientific knowledge and therefore would need some serious
           | evidence for it to be taken serious.
           | 
           | > Even going back to the 60's there was stuff done in
           | spycraft that would seem implausible to most people even
           | today.
           | 
           | There is lot's of things we do not know but that does not
           | make a good argument for the existence of something.
           | 
           | > A relevant example is the use of microwaves to activate a
           | passive antenna through walls to eaves drop on conversations
           | (look up "The Thing Listening Device). Again this was done
           | many decades ago. Not too far fetched to consider that maybe
           | Russia intelligence services found a way to weaponized
           | microwaves.
           | 
           | Not really, there is no clear quantitative development patch
           | from The Thing Listening Device to the Havana style microwave
           | attack.
           | 
           | Now we know the hypotheses requiring the fewest assumptions
           | to be more likely true. [2] So what is more likely?
           | 
           | The whole Havana Syndrome is fabricated propaganda that is
           | typical and in line of many similar cases of proven lies?
           | 
           | Or that Cuba has some advanced secret technology that even
           | the US has no access to and that they are using on US
           | diplomatic personal without any good motivation. In fact it
           | will hurt their reputation. So we need to also claim that
           | they are irrationally evil.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor
        
             | fighterpilot wrote:
             | > lack of evidence is enough to reject it
             | 
             | This is a pseudo-skeptical[1] finger in the ear reaction.
             | 
             | There's nothing in your posts here that tells me that
             | you've reviewed the evidence that's been put forth[2] and
             | rejected it, and it seems Snopes hasn't either.
             | 
             | All I see is a total a priori dismissal which is _not_ good
             | practice for either a skeptic or a scientist.
             | 
             | Here's what would've told me that this is a good faith
             | exercise (by either you or Snopes): You show that you
             | understand what the claimed evidence is, you present it in
             | the most generous and strong terms, then you explain why
             | it's wrong.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoskepticism
             | 
             | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK566408/#sec0017
        
               | leoc wrote:
               | There's little in the Snopes article which opposes the
               | microwave theory, as opposed to the sound theory. It
               | quotes two US experts in favour of the idea, and the
               | strongest evidence it gives against microwaves is a
               | dismissive reaction from an expert who, as the article
               | makes clear, was acting as a spokesman for the Cuban
               | government.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | This is just ad hominem.
        
               | cardanome wrote:
               | > There's nothing in your posts here that tells me that
               | you've reviewed the evidence that's been put forth[2] and
               | rejected it, and it seems Snopes hasn't either.
               | 
               | I have debated that topic multiple times during different
               | years. Yes, I am not fully up to date with the newest
               | version
               | 
               | I you were a police man and some guy came up and claimed
               | to be a victim of a crime and you find out the details
               | don't add up, well that happens. Now if he came back next
               | year with a slightly different story about the same
               | crime, yeah that is fishy. If he constantly keeps
               | changing his implausible story you would at some tell him
               | to get lost for wasting police time.
        
               | fighterpilot wrote:
               | > if he came back next year with a slightly different
               | story
               | 
               | So the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
               | Medicine keeps changing their story? Do you have evidence
               | for this?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jasonhansel wrote:
       | A question: why doesn't the government just expose Havana
       | syndrome sufferers to various frequencies of microwaves and ask
       | if it "sounds the same" as the sonic attacks? That would seem
       | like a good way of ruling it out as a possibility.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | Apart from that being destructive testing, my guess is that the
         | first time you burn something feels different than the second
         | time you burn it. So you may well end up doing more damage
         | without obtaining conclusive results.
        
       | tediousdemise wrote:
       | The US has a long history of abuses and orchestrated false flag
       | attacks on Cuba. See Operation Northwoods [0] and Cubana de
       | Aviacion Flight 455 [1]. Somewhat ironically, the US illegally
       | transmits EM radiation to the island in the form of a propaganda-
       | heavy radio station known as Radio Marti. [2]
       | 
       | I ask you to please consider these historical events before
       | deciding that Cuba has zapped people's brains using targeted
       | microwave beams.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviacion_Flight_455
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_y_Television_Mart%C3%AD#...
        
         | jjcon wrote:
         | You are flooding this post with with multiple threads of
         | innuendo and conspiracy theory - this syndrome is documented in
         | dozens of officials in multiple governments at multiple levels.
         | It has been studied by independent researchers, medical
         | professionals, contractors etc. This has none of the hallmarks
         | of a false flag operation, which in this case would require
         | conspiracy on a massive scale. The US/Canada do not need
         | conspiracy to accomplish any of their strategic goals with
         | respect to Cuba.
        
           | tediousdemise wrote:
           | There's no innuendo or conspiracy. Everything I've mentioned
           | is supported by fact.
           | 
           | People believing microwaves are frying brains might want to
           | don their tin foils hats for adequate protection.
        
             | jjcon wrote:
             | >The US has a long history of abuses and orchestrated false
             | flag attacks on Cuba
             | 
             | To support this, you cite a proposed US operation (not a
             | real one), a bombing carried out by cuban terrorists and a
             | radio station?
             | 
             | > we only began hearing reports when Trump was in office
             | 
             | Then you claim that multiple governments, dozens of victims
             | and their families, medical professionals, independent
             | boards, contractors, etc etc have all colluded with the
             | former trump administration to invent havana syndrome? (The
             | exact cause for which nobody has claimed definitively)
             | 
             | > immediate political actions were taken against Cuban
             | diplomats who were likely working to lift the embargo
             | 
             | All this so they could push back against the embargo which
             | they could do without the cover of a massive conspiracy?
             | 
             | What about what you are saying isn't innuendo or conspiracy
             | theory?
        
               | tediousdemise wrote:
               | I'm saying there's no evidence implicating Cuba in the
               | incidents, that they are an "attack," or that they
               | involved microwaves. Quite frankly, nobody knows what
               | caused the suspected injuries.
               | 
               | > Then you claim that multiple governments, dozens of
               | victims and their families, medical professionals,
               | independent boards, contractors, etc etc have all
               | colluded with the former trump administration to invent
               | havana syndrome? (The exact cause for which nobody has
               | claimed definitively)
               | 
               | You are putting these words in my mouth. I never
               | suggested that anyone is colluding or conspiring about
               | this. However, it is patently obvious that the US is
               | making politically-motivated conclusions that Cuba is to
               | blame, with a lack of evidence.
               | 
               | Also from Wikipedia:
               | 
               | > After the incident was made public, the Cuban Foreign
               | Minister accused the U.S. of lying about the incident and
               | denied Cuban involvement in the health problems
               | experienced by diplomats or knowledge of their cause. The
               | Cuban government offered to cooperate with the U.S. in an
               | investigation of the incidents.
        
               | jjcon wrote:
               | > The "microwave attack" story came out in mid-2017 when
               | Trump was in office. Travel restrictions came back and
               | foreign relations languished. It's trivially easy to
               | blame a nation state for an attack, and then use it as
               | excuse to end political support, agreements, or funding.
               | 
               | > it is patently obvious that the US is making
               | politically-motivated conclusions that Cuba is to blame
               | 
               | That is called innuendo friend, and right here you are
               | asserting a conspiracy.
               | 
               | Especially considering that the US and Canadian
               | governments have not officially identified causes or
               | those responsible (though that has not stopped officials
               | and health professionals from speculating).
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | whereis wrote:
         | The claim is that the attacks also occurred in Russia, China,
         | and other undisclosed locations.
        
           | tediousdemise wrote:
           | While that may or may not be true, it is being called "Havana
           | syndrome," and the following words are from Donald Trump:
           | 
           | > I do believe Cuba's responsible. I do believe that. And
           | it's a very unusual attack, as you know. But I do believe
           | Cuba is responsible. [0]
           | 
           | Calling this unsubstantiated illness "Havana syndrome" is
           | arguably as inaccurate and xenophobic as calling coronavirus
           | the "China virus" or "Wuhan flu." [1]
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana_syndrome#Impact_on_A
           | mer...
           | 
           | [1] https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/calling-
           | covid-19-the-...
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | That dates a bit.
         | 
         | I find it hard to believe the embassy wouldn't detect a
         | microwave attack given that they probably monitor the whole
         | spectrum.
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | Depending on the frequency radio waves can have extremely
           | narrow beams. If an antenna is not literally in the path of
           | the beam it can't detect it. Microwaves happen to be readily
           | formed into tight beams. If an embassy had a monitoring
           | system a microwave brain cooker beam might have just looked
           | like a splash of static if it was detected at all. Multiple
           | beams would likely be used so only their focal point
           | (someone's head) would feel the full effect and so monitoring
           | would be even less likely to detect such beams.
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | You can have two of the following three.
             | 
             | Small size (less than thirty meters), low scatter, and
             | power.
             | 
             | If you're going to have a powerful microwave brain frying
             | system radiating over a 50m^2 area there is no way you're
             | not going to light up the neighborhood in EM. Just can't
             | happen, sorry.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | I don't know why you think a brain frying system needs to
               | operate over a 50m^2 area or why you think it needs to be
               | small. Buildings with windows exist as do building across
               | from those windowed buildings.
               | 
               | Maybe some day someone will invent phased array antennas
               | and you'll be able to direct narrow beam emissions
               | without having to physically move the antenna. I can
               | dream I guess.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Phased array antennas have very high scatter compared to
               | classical antennas of a similar size, Because they
               | scatter in lobes.
               | 
               | 50m^2 is quite small. There is no reasonable way of
               | knowing where your target will be across a wall.
               | 
               | But even if you made it only 5m^2 you'd still be dumping
               | off-axis like a 100w omnidirectional antenna at the very
               | best.
        
         | ASalazarMX wrote:
         | Besides, 30 years of domestic and foreign intelligence, and
         | they still have no idea who and how does this weird microwave
         | attacks? I'm a bit incredulous.
        
       | koreanguy wrote:
       | Paranoia is the feeling that you're being threatened in some way,
       | such as people watching you or acting against you, even though
       | there's no proof that it's true. It happens to a lot of people at
       | some point. Even when you know that your concerns aren't based in
       | reality, they can be troubling if they happen too often
        
       | avaldes wrote:
       | Why media and government keep calling them "attacks"? If three
       | letters agencies are so eager to call them attacks I suppose they
       | know how that would work and they have similar tech right? If so,
       | is there any documented case of "washington syndrome" in
       | russian/chinese/iranian diplomats? (Sorry for my english)
        
       | jchook wrote:
       | The USSR irradiated the US embassy in Moscow with microwaves from
       | 1953 to 1979. Later analysis showed virtually no health impacts
       | and no increase in mortality.
       | 
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30676008/
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509929/
        
         | owenversteeg wrote:
         | Worth noting that the exposure at the Moscow embassy was a
         | fraction of what you would get from a cellphone in your pocket.
         | So I don't think it's a good way to show that this is safe.
        
         | eternalban wrote:
         | From your first cite, there are some interesting tidbits to
         | consider:
         | 
         | Interesting to learn that USSR (& associated block) had set a
         | safe exposure level of 0.010 mW/cm2, while in US the level was
         | set in 1953 to, and remains at, 10 mW/cm2 for GHz freq. range.
         | 
         | The paper notes (and it is worth quoting at length in the
         | context of this thread):
         | 
         | " _It is essential to understand the historical context in
         | which this episode occurred. On the one hand, the Soviets had
         | considerable experience in researching the biological effects
         | of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields, while the Americans
         | had experimented with microwaves as a weapon of mind control.
         | It is hardly surprising, therefore, that with this background,
         | the matter was considered to be so significant.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | "It was certainly suspicious that the Soviets had a maximum
         | exposure level 1000 times lower than that of the Americans.
         | What did the USSR know about the effects of microwaves that the
         | US did not know? As pointed out by Guthrie (11), the standards
         | in the US were approved in 1953 and were based on theoretical
         | considerations, under the assumption that microwave radiation
         | produced only thermal effects on biological systems, and that
         | these effects could not be cumulative as microwaves are non-
         | ionizing. Guthrie (11) recognized that, by 1977, several
         | medical studies had already cast serious doubt on previous
         | assumptions.
         | 
         | "For example, Dr. Milton Zaret, Associate Professor of
         | Ophthalmology at the New York University-Bellevue Medical
         | Center, who had conducted several microwave investigations for
         | the US government, said, "The American National Standard
         | Institute's standard is not a safe standard. Instead, it is a
         | statement defining the highest possible degree of occu-
         | pational risk. It was based solely on whole body thermal burden
         | calculations. It ignored the question of organ sensitivity and
         | delayed effects following chronic low-level exposure" (11).
         | 
         | "Professor Herman Schwan of the University of Pennsylvania, one
         | of the proponents of the 10 mW/cm2 standard, stated "No one
         | knows whether safe exposure standards, which may be appropriate
         | for adults, are so for children" (11).
         | 
         | "However, as Guthrie (11) explained, the Soviet bloc also had
         | other safety standards. At the Symposium on the Biological
         | Effects and Health Implications of Micro- wave Radiation, held
         | in 1970, Karel Marha of Czechoslovakia explained that they had
         | proposed a standard of 0.01 mW/cm2, as it was recognized that
         | there was evidence of biological effects up to levels of 0.1
         | mW/cm2, so a safety factor of 10 had been proposed until
         | finally deciding on the standard of 0.01 mW/cm2. These maximum
         | levels were introduced to prevent not only damage to the organ-
         | ism but also any unpleasant subjective feelings. In addition,
         | the standard in Czechoslovakia was lowered to 0.001 mW/cm2 when
         | it was assumed that exposure did not occur during a working
         | day, but over a 24-h period."
         | 
         | "The Soviets were, however, not the only ones deeply interested
         | in this issue; the Americans had, since the 1950s, been
         | investigating the possible use of microwaves as a weapon of
         | mind control.
         | 
         | "As Krishnan (10) explains, in the 1950s the CIA had looked
         | into the use of electromagnetic fields for mind control
         | purposes as part of its MK ULTRA project. MK ULTRA was a top
         | secret program first set up in the late 1940s to investigate
         | behavioral modification and the control of individual minds in
         | the service of American geopolitical and ideological interests
         | (24).
         | 
         | "Subproject 62 of MK ULTRA was run by the neurosurgeon Maitland
         | Baldwin, and aimed to analyze the effect of electromagnetic
         | waves on monkeys. This was one of 149 subprojects designed by
         | the CIA, and was entitled "Effects of radio-frequency energy on
         | primate cerebral activity" (25). In one of these experiments,
         | monkeys were exposed to high-powered (100 V) frequencies of 388
         | MHz, resulting in several changes in the electroencephalogram,
         | as well as arousal and drowsiness. In addition, he observed
         | lethal effects after just a few minutes of exposure (10).
         | 
         | "Ewen Cameron, a psychiatrist who actively partici- pated in
         | the MK ULTRA project, carried out experiments using personnel
         | from the purpose-built Radio Telemetry Laboratory, probably
         | with the intention of finding out more about the effects of the
         | microwave bombardment of the American embassy. In 1965, the
         | Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) commissioned
         | the Walter Reed Army Medical Center Research Institute and the
         | Johns Hopkins University to study the possible bio- logical
         | effects of microwave exposure on humans, in what was dubbed the
         | Pandora Project (10).
         | 
         | "As Krishnan (10) also pointed out, Dr. Milton Zaret
         | acknowledged that effects on the nervous system due to
         | microwave exposure were possible, and Robert O. Becker, twice
         | nominated for the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on the
         | effects of electromagnetic fields on living tissues, indicated
         | in an interview to the BBC in 1984 that he thought it was
         | unquestionable that exposure could produce disturbances in the
         | central nervous system. Becker did not believe that, with the
         | technology avail- able at the time, someone could be made to
         | instantly fall asleep, but that exposure to microwaves could
         | possibly interfere in an individual's decision-making ability.
         | This could produce a situation of chronic stress resulting in
         | the embassy staff operating less efficiently than usual, to the
         | obvious advantage of the Soviets.
         | 
         | "Weinberger (26) tells how the Americans themselves deceived
         | the embassy staff when, in 1965, doctors began performing blood
         | tests. The staff were told that the doctors were looking for a
         | new virus but, in reality, they wanted to integrate the
         | information obtained into the Pandora Project. In October 1965,
         | Richard Cesaro took over the DARPA Program Plan 562, the
         | technical name of the Pandora Project. Cesaro had been
         | responsible for translating dozens of Soviet investigations
         | into this subject, and realized that the neurological effects
         | of microwaves fascinated the enemy.
         | 
         | "As Weinberger (26) continues, the Pandora project involved
         | experiments on monkeys carried out in government laboratories
         | rather than universities, due to the top- secret nature of the
         | project. The monkeys were exposed to the same signal levels
         | that the embassy received in Moscow. The results were not
         | subject to peer review but, in Decem- ber of 1966, Cesaro
         | reported that the first monkey involved in the tests had shown
         | erratic and repetitive behavior, which led him to assert that
         | it was unquestionable that the signal had penetrated the
         | central nervous system and caused changes in the assigned work
         | functions. He was so convinced by the results that he
         | recommended that the Pentagon immediately begin to investigate
         | potential military applications, and requested that the project
         | be extended to include experiments on humans, something that
         | certain sections within the CIA viewed with suspicion, as it
         | was too reminiscent of the questionable practices of the MK
         | ULTRA project. It was May of 1969 and the scientific committee
         | of Pandora was considering extend- ing the study to include
         | eight humans, but in the end this did not occur as the results
         | of experiments carried out on primates were still being
         | reviewed and there were doubts over whether this behavioral
         | change was in fact produced by the microwave signals. In 1968,
         | Dr. James McIlwain took over the Pandora Project and, after
         | reviewing the results thus far obtained, concluded that the
         | microwave signals did not result in the ability to control the
         | minds of the monkeys.
         | 
         | "As Weinberger (26) concludes, in 1969 DARPA ended its support
         | for Pandora, and Cesaro was fired. At the end of the decade,
         | the American intelligence services claimed that the Soviets had
         | used these waves not to control the minds of diplomats, but to
         | activate listening devices on the walls of the building."_
         | 
         | The refs cited are:
         | 
         | 10: Krishnan A. _Military neuroscience and the coming age of
         | neuro-warfare_. Routledge, 2017.
         | 
         | 11: Guthrie LB. _Legal implications of the Soviet microwave
         | bombardment of the US Embassy_. Boston College Int Comp Law Rev
         | 1977;1:Article, 6
         | 
         | 24: Lemov R. _Brainwashing's avatar: the curious career of Dr.
         | Ewen Cameron_. Grey Room 2011;45:60-87.
         | 
         | 25: Ross CA. _The CIA Doctors: human rights violations by
         | American psychiatrists_. Richardson, TX: Manitou
         | Communications, 2006.
         | 
         | 26: Weinberger S. _The secret history of diplomats and
         | invisible weapons_ , 2017, August 25. Retrieved from:
         | https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/25/the-secret-history-of-d...
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | I just finished "The Spy in Moscow Station" which talks about
         | these signals. Although this isn't a direct response to your
         | point about mortality, an interesting feature of the Moscow
         | (Microwave) Signal is that it -- considered as a surveillance
         | threat, rather than a health threat -- also received a lot of
         | the same skepticism I'm seeing in this thread.
         | 
         | The TL;DR is that various agencies strongly resisted attempts
         | to dig into _why_ the USSR was directing microwaves at the
         | embassy, despite the fact that the USSR had already been caught
         | placing microwave-powered listening devices inside the
         | building. The book describes an argument between State, CIA and
         | NSA in which the former two mostly wanted to ignore the
         | signals. The belief was (1) that no technology had been
         | demonstrated that these signals could exploit, and (2) even
         | after the NSA cooked up some examples, people refused to
         | believe that the USSR was sophisticated enough to exploit them.
         | (I won 't spoil the book by giving away the resolution.)
         | 
         | I'm not offering this as any kind of proof that the current
         | batch of Havana syndrome cases is real: just pointing out that
         | while "we've never seen it before so it probably doesn't exist"
         | can be a reasonable heuristic in day-to-day life, it's not
         | necessarily a great one in the world of spying.
        
           | ArnoVW wrote:
           | I imagine the conclusion of the book was that the microwave
           | was used to send energy to a listening device inside the
           | ambassy? (same technology as the contactless smart cards used
           | in public transport)
           | 
           | A famous instance of this is 'the thing' :
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thing_(listening_device)
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | That and you cover the signal of interest by flooding
             | nearby frequency spectrum hoping nobody will notice the
             | tiny blip.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | Arafat dying of cancer soon after not signing peace accord?
        
       | tediousdemise wrote:
       | During Obama's term, US-Cuba relations dramatically improved,
       | with fewer travel restrictions and other dealings. Cuba was on
       | track to having the embargo removed.
       | 
       | The "microwave attack" story came out in mid-2017 when Trump was
       | in office. Travel restrictions came back and foreign relations
       | languished. It's trivially easy to blame a nation state for an
       | attack, and then use it as excuse to end political support,
       | agreements, or funding.
       | 
       | Cuba has been the repeated target of bullying by the United
       | States for the better half of the last century, despite no recent
       | transgressions other than most-likely-fabricated ones such as
       | these "microwave attacks."
        
         | bigbillheck wrote:
         | The only 'transgression' Cuba's done is its unwillingness to be
         | a US puppet state.
        
           | totalZero wrote:
           | Cuba isn't exactly Switzerland. It has a long history of
           | being a Soviet puppet state during the 20th century, and a
           | nucleation site for anti-US activities elsewhere in Latin
           | America. Furthermore, there would be no Maduro regime without
           | the influence of Cuba, and that regime is expressly pro-
           | Russia and destructive to Venezuela.
           | 
           | Let's not distill away the complexity of the situation.
        
             | tediousdemise wrote:
             | I don't think Venezuela or Russia are relevant in this
             | situation, since we are strictly taking about US-Cuba
             | relations.
        
               | totalZero wrote:
               | If you understand the patchwork quilt of Latin American
               | relations, then it is immediately obvious how those other
               | countries are related to Cuba. Imagine discussing Cuban
               | "transgressions" (under the present regime, no less)
               | without considering the Soviet role in the Cuban Missile
               | Crisis, for example.
        
               | tediousdemise wrote:
               | That's understandable, but the Soviet Union collapsed in
               | 1991.
               | 
               | Why is the US still vehemently opposed to Cuba, or
               | improving its relationship with Cuba?
               | 
               | Even North Korea has better standing with the US than
               | Cuba, but it makes little sense.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | Because Miami.
        
               | totalZero wrote:
               | If you look at the prior conversation, you'll see that it
               | isn't centered on the question you are posing here.
               | 
               | There was a statement that Cuba's only "transgression"
               | was a desire to not be a US puppet state. That is a false
               | claim.
               | 
               | Ignoring the language of "vehement" this and "opposed"
               | that, I believe that my prior comment addressed your
               | question. The present regime in Cuba is a direct
               | descendent of the 26th of July Movement that orchestrated
               | the Cuban Revolution in the 1950s. Cuba continues to be
               | governed by the same faction and ideology that governed
               | the island for four decades of the USSR's existence.
        
               | n9 wrote:
               | Respectfully, this question sounds like it is coming from
               | a context of the US being a nation that deals with other
               | regimes fairly and in good faith. This is not at all the
               | case, most especially in the Caribbean and Central
               | America. The crimes of the US are unfathomably legion in
               | these areas and well understood by pretty much everyone,
               | except Americans. Millions of lives lost, dozens of
               | democratically elected regimes deposed, the list goes on
               | and on. Cuba holds this standing because the Castro
               | regime has resisted the will of US foreign policy and
               | survived. Everything that one could report that is wrong
               | with Cuba: human rights issues, poverty... the US's
               | policies are causal a great deal to all of these.
        
               | totalZero wrote:
               | US investment is the single greatest causal factor for
               | prosperity in Latin America. Look at Panama and Chile,
               | for example. In fact, the midas touch of American
               | investment is visible in several other places outside of
               | the Americas, including Taiwan and South Korea.
               | 
               | In my view, it is hard to label the immense prosperity-
               | inducing capacity of United States foreign investment as
               | bad-faith or unfair dealing. Cuba's government has spent
               | years working on projects to attract spend-happy American
               | tourists. Elsewhere in the region, entire countries base
               | their economies around remittances from the USA. The US
               | government could crack down on remittances and illegal
               | immigration far more than already happens, but it does
               | not, and millions of people in the region benefit as a
               | result.
               | 
               | Respectfully, it takes a great deal of time, study, and
               | travel to learn the dynamics involved in a region before
               | you can say with confidence that Influence A is good and
               | Influence B is bad. People who lean left in the US should
               | understand that 'socialist' isn't a catch-all phrase; it
               | means something different when you're voting for Bernie
               | Sanders in the Iowa Caucuses than it does when you're
               | bartering with your uncle for soap in Camaguey. I have
               | been all over Latin America and I personally still don't
               | consider myself to know all there is to know about the
               | region. What I do know is that the "USA bad" narrative
               | tends rarely to be accompanied with a discussion of the
               | counterfactual universe where American influence is
               | hypothetically absent from the region.
        
             | n9 wrote:
             | If you're going to use that kind of argument, re:
             | global/network effects of a government as complicit in
             | negative outcomes of actions in other countries... the USA
             | is by far the worst offender. It could be argued that the
             | questiobnable actions Cuba has taken are justified in the
             | context of trying to deal with an insidious and pervasive
             | foreign influence over most of the globe: the US.
             | 
             | My question is what he USSR and Cuba would have ended up
             | looking like without the insanely disruptive actions by the
             | US. The USSR would have likely been an entirely different
             | society if they were not compelled to spend such an
             | enormous amount of their GDP on weapons and defense and
             | Cuba would likewise have developed quite differently
             | without dealing with the embargo.
        
               | totalZero wrote:
               | I don't think that's a good-faith characterization of my
               | prior comment. Please read carefully. I'm not suggesting
               | network effects. I'm talking about direct activity. There
               | is boundless information about this available online, but
               | this is a start regarding the Venezuela link:
               | 
               | https://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/2019/10/18/bo
               | liv...
               | 
               | Separately, you can also read about the Cuban antecedents
               | to Che's fatal incursion into Bolivia, and his team's
               | lack of regard for the linguistic differences across
               | regions in that country. There are seven decades worth of
               | Cuban involvement in anti-American activity all over
               | Latin America. I invite you to read about it from time to
               | time when you are bored and curious.
               | 
               | Whether you support one side, the other, or neither, it's
               | obvious that Cuba's "transgressions" are not a single-
               | element list. That's what the parent comment says and
               | it's 100% false.
               | 
               | I find it unreasonable that you suggest the USSR's
               | massive stockpiling of weapons was not due to their own
               | actions and strategy, but somehow the US's fault. How can
               | you be circumspect when you suggest that two can tango
               | but only one does the dancing?
        
         | thepasswordis wrote:
         | 1) These things started in 2016, before Trump was in office.
         | 
         | 2) The US isn't the only country claiming this is happening.
         | 
         | 3) It is still happening, now, in 2021.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana_syndrome
        
           | tediousdemise wrote:
           | > In 2017, President Donald Trump accused Cuba of
           | perpetrating unspecified attacks causing these symptoms.
           | 
           | Although the attacks were hearsay, immediate political
           | actions were taken against Cuban diplomats who were likely
           | working to lift the embargo:
           | 
           | > In August 2017, the United States expelled two Cuban
           | diplomats in response to the illnesses.
           | 
           | Despite zero evidence, Cuba was rapidly blamed in gross
           | political fashion:
           | 
           | > In October 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump said that "I
           | do believe Cuba's responsible. I do believe that", going on
           | to say "And it's a very unusual attack, as you know. But I do
           | believe Cuba is responsible."
           | 
           | Why would Cuba jeopardize its warming relationship with the
           | US? This is textbook propaganda.
        
             | jjcon wrote:
             | > So, we only began hearing reports when Trump was in
             | office, allowing for a significant planning period.
             | 
             | You are alleging a massive intergovernmental conspiracy,
             | created up by Trump just so he can have some cover to
             | strengthen restrictions on Cuba? No, the US doesn't need a
             | conspiracy to do that, they can just do it unilaterally.
             | 
             | There are dozens of families that have been affected by
             | these attacks, with varying levels of government
             | experience, from multiple countries, investigated by
             | multiple governments, independent panels, contractors and
             | health professionals. It would take conspiracy on a massive
             | scale to get everyone on the same page... all to do
             | something that can be done without conspiracy and at the
             | snap of a finger. That is hilariously ridiculous, not a
             | single chance that is the case.
        
               | tediousdemise wrote:
               | The only conspiracy here is that targeted microwave beams
               | are zapping people's brains.
               | 
               | Holding a security clearance and being the under the
               | constant threat of fine and imprisonment for unauthorized
               | disclosure makes keeping national secrets trivial. Many
               | ambassadors and politicians are required to hold security
               | clearances.
        
       | whereis wrote:
       | There's been much skepticism in recent years about whether
       | microwaves were the cause of these officers' conditions.
       | 
       | This news confirms that govt agencies are taking the microwave
       | theory seriously as a confirmed explanation for these conditions.
       | It's reasonable to agree with the conclusion at this point.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Its never reasonable to agree with the opaque conclusions of
         | spy agencies in any country, especially when the conclusion
         | points the finger at a hostile pwoer.
         | 
         | There is literally no reason to believe public communications
         | from a spy agency against their enemies (note: that does not
         | mean that they can't be true, it just means that the truth of
         | them is never the reason why the communication is put out).
        
           | whereis wrote:
           | This presumes a conspiracy amongst officers forced into early
           | retirement to create a convincing false narrative.
           | 
           | What reason would the USIC have for lying about this? It
           | seems unlikely that we would ever retaliate in kind,
           | especially not after bringing attention to these incidents.
        
             | macinjosh wrote:
             | Throwing off other intelligence agencies. These people
             | never deal in the truth that's the whole game.
        
               | whereis wrote:
               | It's categorically false to say intel agencies (or the
               | slight "these people") never deal in truth. That is not
               | how misinfo/disinfo works. Additionally, intel agencies
               | play an integral role in providing truthful and accurate
               | products, for govt and industry partners.
        
             | l332mn wrote:
             | > What reason would the USIC have for lying about this?
             | 
             | There's an entire industry revolving around blaming
             | geopolitical enemies of wrongdoing without evidence, where
             | the intelligence community plays a key part. This is done
             | in order to control the narrative, steer the public
             | perception and to keep a semblance of adherence to
             | international law, in order to justify unilateral
             | political, economic or military hostility. The reality is
             | always more nuanced, and it's definitely a safe bet to not
             | believe whatever empty accusations they come out with.
             | 
             | Controlling the narrative like they do, the cumulative
             | effect of it is that they are able to convince the public
             | of quite crazy assertions, which would be rightly treated
             | as conspiracy theories had they come from some other
             | source. These crazy assertions of course requires equally
             | crazy political reactions. E.g. people genuinely believe
             | that most US geopolitical enemies are literally rogue,
             | bandit states, requiring draconic policing by the US. It's
             | a children's view of the world, leading people to look the
             | other way when it harms innocents.
             | 
             | The intelligence community has a looong history of doing
             | this. It's a central part of the playbook which is readily
             | admitted in more casual contexts.
        
               | whereis wrote:
               | again, what specifically would the US be trying to
               | justify with such a false narrative around rew's? Not
               | seeing the cost/benefit.
        
       | amai wrote:
       | "The microwave auditory effect, also known as the microwave
       | hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of the human
       | perception of audible clicks, or even speech, induced by pulsed
       | or modulated radio frequencies. The communications are generated
       | directly inside the human head without the need of any receiving
       | electronic device."
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_auditory_effect
        
         | grouphugs wrote:
         | painful and ineffective
        
       | koonsolo wrote:
       | I remember a US embassy where they had all kinds of antennas in
       | the attic, to spy on communication.
       | 
       | Is it possible that Cuba is trying to block the spectrum so they
       | can't use this technique?
        
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