[HN Gopher] A whale who tried to mimic human speech (2014)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A whale who tried to mimic human speech (2014)
        
       Author : awll
       Score  : 268 points
       Date   : 2021-05-01 18:48 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | I am reminded of the case of Alex the Parrot [1]. We all know
       | parrots can mimic human speech very well, but the case made for
       | Alex is that he was using actual language to convey meaning and
       | not just parroting (pun intended) what he heard.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_(parrot)
       | 
       | In my wild imagination, I imagine parrots being taught to
       | communicate with humans, being let loose into the jungle, and the
       | passing on human language to their offspring. Some years hence,
       | people would venture into the jungle and would be able to ask the
       | parrots for directions. :)
        
         | jobigoud wrote:
         | There is also the case of these dogs that have grown up using
         | sound boards to communicate with their humans (sound on):
         | https://www.instagram.com/p/CMuXy3mBcVw/
        
           | Ancalagon wrote:
           | Wow that is fascinating, thank you for sharing
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | Kind of like this: http://www.chitka.info/attention.html
        
         | rotexo wrote:
         | On a tangent: if humanity ever found themselves in a children
         | of men-style situation, I think an excellent use of the final
         | generation's resources and effort would be building a system of
         | fully automated luxury communism for the corvids and parrots of
         | the world. Automated seed farms, drones that carry birds with
         | broken wings to safety and treat their wounds, self-cleaning
         | nesting boxes, etc.
        
       | j4ah4n wrote:
       | I stumbled across this related project a few months ago, really
       | interesting initiative.
       | 
       | https://github.com/earthspecies/project
        
       | haecceity wrote:
       | I guess the emphasis is on tried
        
       | IronWolve wrote:
       | Don't forget Koko the Gorilla. She was able to sign, understand
       | english and recount stories of her past.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4QQ8Mfjb_g
        
         | axiolite wrote:
         | Not as clear as case as we've been led to believe:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYWSXRUGxDQ
        
           | chmod775 wrote:
           | Not a clear case of _what_?
           | 
           | It was obvious to me she was able to understand and
           | communicate. Obvious in the same it was for _most_ humans I
           | 've met.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | "Can Apes Really 'Talk' To Humans?"
           | 
           | Nit: humans _are_ apes.
        
             | avereveard wrote:
             | No, topmost common branch is hominidae
        
           | tomerico wrote:
           | Interesting watch. TL;DW - Apes like Koko were raised by
           | trainers who did not perform rigorous scientific measurements
           | and were prone to bias. Research on Apes became immoral over
           | time, hence less recent examples exist.
           | 
           | The most recent and rigorous study is on a bonobo, where
           | communication is done using touchscreen with buttons saying
           | words (lexigrams). Even in this case interaction seems to be
           | limited to "give me an item" or "put item in box".
        
             | barrkel wrote:
             | Do you mean fewer recent examples exist?
             | 
             | "Less recent examples exist" is a positive assertion about
             | the existence of even older examples. The 'less' attaches
             | to the 'recent'. 'Less' can't attach to 'examples' because
             | you can't have 'less examples', because 'examples' is
             | countable.
             | 
             | "Fewer recent examples exist" is a negative assertion about
             | the existence of newer examples. The 'fewer' attaches to
             | the 'examples'.
        
             | TulliusCicero wrote:
             | > Research on Apes became immoral over time
             | 
             | Teaching apes sign language became viewed as immoral?
        
               | ReaLNero wrote:
               | Raising them only by interacting with a single person
               | (not of their species!) would be immoral for a human
               | baby, and depending on your views of ethics, also immoral
               | for a gorilla.
        
               | TulliusCicero wrote:
               | Oh, I didn't realize that was somehow required to teach
               | them sign language.
        
           | chrischen wrote:
           | Still miles ahead of a dog. Can you train a dog to understand
           | "put the pine needles in the refrigerator?"
        
             | cgriswald wrote:
             | It's hard to say what's happening in the video. If the ape
             | is given a command-object-location and must discern all
             | three to correctly complete the task, that would be
             | difficult for a dog. (However, I suspect with as many hours
             | of training as the ape has had, a dog could probably do it.
             | I speculate it would learn all possible trios and remember
             | them as individual commands rather than reconstructing
             | them.)
             | 
             | If the ape is instead given an object and already knows
             | he's supposed to put it in the fridge, yes, a dog can do
             | that easily. Given a command-object or command-location, a
             | dog can do that as well. A dog can discern "Go bed" or "go
             | kennel" or "fetch ball" or "fetch toy". "Put ball bed"
             | would be tough. (Dogs won't "hear" all the cruft words like
             | "the", they'll focus in on words they know and puzzle
             | away.)
             | 
             | In any case the degree to which the ape in the video
             | "understands" isn't clear. It's possible even with command-
             | object-location test, the ape is doing what I suspect the
             | dog would do. The difference between them might be scale,
             | rather than kind.
        
               | chrischen wrote:
               | I think they implied the ape could distinguish because
               | they mentioned the trouble was dealing with two items.
        
       | suifbwish wrote:
       | Worst mobile webpage of all time. Cant read anything because it
       | constantly jumps around loading ads and pop ups. I would expect
       | this from the daily news not something like the smithsonian.
        
         | a3n wrote:
         | Use an ad blocker. It viewed just fine for me.
         | 
         | Your poor experience is justification enough for blocking.
         | 
         | I await the day when internet ads are not resource sucking,
         | malware vectoring, PII leaking surveillance systems. Until
         | then, I block.
         | 
         | Online venues say they need ads to survive. I say they need
         | _benign_ ads to survive much longer.
         | 
         | It could even be a form of competition, like Volvo marketing
         | themselves as "safe."
         | 
         | EDIT: Cut to child reading a tablet with, er, childlike wonder,
         | and two parents giving each other a visual "whew!"
        
       | neonological wrote:
       | Look up the story woman who lived with a dolphin in a house for
       | the specific goal of teaching the dolphin English.
       | 
       | Literally the house was made water proof and filled up to the
       | waistline with water and the dolphin and the woman lived
       | together. This wasn't a separate tank.
       | 
       | The two developed sort of a one sided sexual relationship where
       | the woman would stimulate the dolphins genitalia before the
       | lessons could commence as the dolphin wouldn't be able to
       | concentrate otherwise.
       | 
       | Not even slightly joking. True story, the above actually
       | happened. There's a podcast of it somewhere where they
       | interviewed her.
        
       | seg_lol wrote:
       | Reminds me of a Twilight Zone episode where an earthling and an
       | alien meet on a far off planet. The earthling isn't smart enough
       | to learn the alien language, so she learns english.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe_7,_Over_and_Out
        
         | jobigoud wrote:
         | There is also another Twilight Zone episode where common words
         | gradually change meaning and the hero slowly lose his ability
         | to communicate and has to fake understanding. Pretty scary one.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordplay_(The_Twilight_Zone)
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | The audio in question:
       | https://m.soundcloud.com/smithsonianmag/noc-the-beluga-whale
        
         | Iv wrote:
         | Thanks!
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | Isn't there a single video of it?
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | Audio: https://m.soundcloud.com/smithsonianmag/noc-the-beluga-
         | whale
        
         | tempestn wrote:
         | There's an audio recording in the story.
        
       | ironmagma wrote:
       | There are also recordings of orcas imitating human speech.
       | https://youtu.be/hqB1jRVw7Bw
        
       | montenegrohugo wrote:
       | It seems to me more and more like the biggest, only real
       | difference between most animals and humans is their lack of
       | sophisticated communication. Certainly they communicate; but they
       | do not have access to our rich verbal symbols with which we can
       | convey anything imaginable. Perhaps you could add the lack of a
       | prehensile thumb and deft fingers to build tools with, but I
       | think communication is even more fundamental for the recipe of
       | civilization.
       | 
       | Anyone can empirically recognize some form of intelligence in
       | animals, whether it be your pet dog, a smart street crow or a
       | beluga whale.
       | 
       | Additionally, I've never found the relative brain size theory
       | sufficiently satisfactory to explain our superiority. How can the
       | brain of an elephant, or a blue whale (about 7 times the mass of
       | our brain), be that much inferior? I don't think it is; I think
       | it is just different, and that we are not capable to really
       | empathize with it enough (unless we reach some absurd degree of
       | anthropomorphizing it).
       | 
       | If we accept these premises, what does it make to our worldview
       | and the morality of how we treat animals?
        
         | stormbrew wrote:
         | > Certainly they communicate; but they do not have access to
         | our rich verbal symbols with which we can convey anything
         | imaginable.
         | 
         | I mean, this whale seems to be doing about the same thing I do
         | with my cats. I don't really see how you can derive any
         | directionality here about how 'rich' their communication is
         | from that. It's likely cats are intrigued and also baffled by
         | what we're 'saying' when we do this.
         | 
         | That's not to say I think cats have as rich of communication as
         | we do, just that we can't even manage to make much sense of
         | other species' vocal communication, let alone mimic any meaning
         | present in it, _even when we are pretty sure it is actually
         | simpler than ours_.
         | 
         | From that it seems way overly confident to state that _all
         | failure on our part to recognize depth_ is because of a lack of
         | it.
        
           | lrem wrote:
           | There's been some research on coyotes or similar animals,
           | can't remember. They managed to figure out about 30 "words".
           | Interestingly one of that tiny budget was for a human and
           | another one for a human with a gun.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | You may be interested in this Youtube channel, wherein a dog
         | owner has been teaching the dog to use a gradually expanding
         | set of talking buttons:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXy7NTGHAyQ
         | 
         | There's another channel where someone's been doing the same
         | with some measure of success with a cat:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooCEYMaNL8I
        
           | stormbrew wrote:
           | You seem to have accidentally pasted the same youtube link
           | twice? I'm definitely curious about the cat one and haven't
           | seen that before :)
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | The duplicated link is now fixed.
        
         | matz1 wrote:
         | Not sure why my morality has to change, doesn't matter if pig
         | turn out to have conscious experience like mine, I will still
         | eat it.
        
           | jonathanlb wrote:
           | Ok, I'll bite (no pun intended): if it were socially
           | acceptable to eat people, would you?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | matz1 wrote:
             | I wouldn't, like I wouldn't eat dog/monkey even though its
             | socially acceptable in certain place, in my mind its
             | disgusting. Pig on the other hand its delicious.
        
               | spaetzleesser wrote:
               | That's what I don't get. Why are some animals acceptable
               | to eat and some are aren't? I know people who get totally
               | outraged over dog or horse meat at but have no problem
               | with beef or pork. Pigs are very intelligent and
               | emotional. Way more than horses who aren't that smart in
               | comparison.
        
               | matz1 wrote:
               | I can only speak for myself. I don't eat dog/monkey i
               | think it because my upbringing/culture thus it create
               | disgusting feeling in my brain.
               | 
               | I have no problem with pigs because I've used to it since
               | childhood and i find it delicious. It has nothing to do
               | with it being intelligent/emotional.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | I find it hypocritical too, but there are some animals
               | that also just don't taste that great compared to what is
               | "common". Whale meat for instance resembles beef, in kind
               | of the way alligator resembles chicken. But whale and
               | gator are pretty terrible in comparison to the more
               | common animal so they just aren't worth it to eat.
        
         | jobigoud wrote:
         | > only real difference between most animals and humans
         | 
         | But if I'm not mistaken this is not true of early humans, even
         | "anatomically modern" humans. We don't really know when
         | language evolved but it's probable that early humans did not
         | "speak" for a long while.
        
         | Matumio wrote:
         | A major distinction of humans is that we are a cultural
         | species. We have evolved to pass down large amounts of
         | knowledge to the next generation.
         | 
         | Being good at communication (and motivated to use it for
         | teaching) kind of follows from this. We are not game-changing
         | smart at figuring out new tools. But we are excellent at
         | copying innovations from others, remembering them and fine-
         | tuning them over generations.
         | 
         | On this I highly recommend Joseph Henrich's book: "The Secret
         | of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human Evolution,
         | Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter".
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | There are a lot of components needed for civilization. In the
         | case of humans, agriculture was a big one, as it led to the
         | feasibility of cities and specialization of labor. Absent
         | specific adaptations to agriculture, tool making is essential
         | for it. Advanced civilization is greatly helped by written
         | communication (although human history shows we can get pretty
         | far without it), which again depends on tool making. Without
         | the ability to make tools there is only so far a species can
         | get.
         | 
         | Human superiority also depended on non-intelligent traits.
         | Without evolving the ability to sweat, we might never have had
         | the opportunity to develop civilization.
         | 
         | Regarding brain size, larger animals need larger brains just
         | control their bodily functions, so looking at brain size
         | without controling for body size does not tell you much.
         | 
         | If you look at brain:body ratio, humans are pretty high up, but
         | not a crazy outlier [0] (figure 7.13), and not the best [1].
         | 
         | A simple ratio probably not the best test, and seems to favor
         | small animals. A more advanced measure exists [2], but suffers
         | from a bit of a fine tuning problem.
         | 
         | There is also an implicit assumption that "intelligence" is a
         | single dimensional value, which is simply not the case. For
         | instance, beyond being a tool for communication, language seems
         | to be a tool for thinking as well, but is clearly not a result
         | of a general "intelligence" we have. Our overall intelligence
         | is likely the result of a bunch of specialized systems within
         | the brain
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~ejchaisson/cosmic_evolution/do...
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-to-
         | body_mass_ratio#Compa...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient
        
           | rand0mx1 wrote:
           | Regarding your brain-body ratio
           | https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/18/eabe2101
        
           | jamesgreenleaf wrote:
           | Environmental conditions are a big factor as well. We've
           | existed as humans for ~300k years, but it was only ~10k years
           | ago that we learned agriculture and civilization-building.
           | That coincided with the beginning of the Holocene Epoch, when
           | the world got warmer, the glaciers melted, and the sea level
           | rose by 400 feet. We must have had those capabilities all
           | along, but it was only when the conditions were right that
           | they were able to be fully expressed.
        
         | firebaze wrote:
         | Another point of view could be intelligent animals like whales
         | see another dimension of existence we simply cannot understand.
         | 
         | Maybe they just think further, they deeply understand the
         | fractal nature of the laws of the universe and they came to the
         | conclusion, that nothing they'll ever do will have an influence
         | to improve anything at all, since nothing is really bad, so
         | they just sing their songs and propagate reasonably? :)
         | 
         | /semi-sarcastic viewpoint
         | 
         | Maybe this comes across as an emo-anti-intelligence-nature-
         | knows-it-best post. It wasn't intended to, at all. It even
         | isn't meant to.
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | > It seems to me more and more like the biggest, only real
         | difference between most animals and humans is their lack of
         | sophisticated communication. Certainly they communicate; but
         | they do not have access to our rich verbal symbols with which
         | we can convey anything imaginable.
         | 
         | How do you know all that? There is ample evidence that whales,
         | and in particular orcas, have complex intelligence and
         | communication. If you can't understand what a whale is talking
         | about, I'm not sure how you can make these claims.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | Actually, I think many animals might communicate better than
         | humans, but we don't know how they do it.
         | 
         | I wouldn't completely suprise me if their are certain animals
         | using telepathic thought? Or, some way if communicitating we
         | haven't a clue existed.
         | 
         | (And yes I know telepathic thought has been completely debunked
         | in humans. Actually, there's a million sitting stomewhere if
         | any person can successfully pass a institutes telepathic
         | ability test. To date the money is still there, or a higher
         | amount? My point is we know so little about other species.)
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jamiek88 wrote:
           | Well whales can communicate across thousands of miles without
           | satellites so there's one example! :)
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | This is precisely why I've transformed my eating habits. I
         | realized that while I can't prove these animals have a
         | conscious experience like mine (or one I would value as I do
         | the human conscience, I suppose), I also can't prove that they
         | don't.
         | 
         | We can all read and likely have many experiences indicating
         | that animals, in many circumstances, actually behave much like
         | humans do. And for all the arguments that animals do x or y
         | because they're responding to stimulus, well... So are we.
         | 
         | It really clicked a while back and since then, I just can't go
         | back. I no longer feel sufficiently different from a cow or a
         | pig in order to feel comfortable eating them.
         | 
         | I certainly don't judge others for disagreeing either though.
         | Just as I don't judge wolves for eating caribou or fish for
         | eating fish. Humans operate under the illusion that they have
         | free or stronger will than these animals, but I'm not sure
         | that's true anymore. I'm not even clear on why I had this
         | revelation or why it matters enough to me to act on it! It's
         | all very absurd in a way.
        
           | p1necone wrote:
           | Occams razor tells me that other animals probably do have a
           | concious experience just like ours.
           | 
           | Sure, they could have all the same internal organs as us (at
           | least with mammals, and reptiles/birds to a slightly lesser
           | extent), a similarly structured brain, be evolved from the
           | same common ancestors and exhibit all the same outward signs
           | of being conscious and self aware but somehow be totally
           | different from humans.
           | 
           | But that would be much more complicated than the simple
           | explanation that they are just like us, but less intelligent.
        
             | jack9 wrote:
             | > Occams razor tells me that other animals probably do have
             | a concious experience just like ours.
             | 
             | For most mammals, everything is so similar...including
             | responses to stimuli like light, sound, temperature, pain,
             | pleasure, even predictive behavior (knowing when they have
             | done something to provoke a human response) that the same
             | principle leads me to believe it's likely they have a very
             | similar experience.
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | Everyone who has lived with a dog has seen the sheepish
               | 'I fucked up look' when you've got home instead of the
               | pure exuberance usually experienced
               | 
               | You know immediately there's a mess to clean up!
               | 
               | I mean they clearly dream too. If dreaming isn't evidence
               | of an inner life I don't know what is.
        
               | steve_adams_86 wrote:
               | I personally loved having this realization. All these
               | creatures of the earth are probably having very rich and
               | significant experiences. If it's not limited to humanity,
               | then wow, the world really is so alive.
               | 
               | I still struggle to imagine a bug having a conscience
               | that resembles mine. I'm not sure why. I tell myself they
               | don't have the brains for it or the sensory capabilities
               | or whatever. I'm probably wrong.
        
             | r721 wrote:
             | Interesting book on this topic:
             | 
             | >In The Gap, psychologist Thomas Suddendorf provides a
             | definitive account of the mental qualities that separate
             | humans from other animals, as well as how these differences
             | arose. Drawing on two decades of research on apes,
             | children, and human evolution, he surveys the abilities
             | most often cited as uniquely human -- language,
             | intelligence, morality, culture, theory of mind, and mental
             | time travel -- and finds that two traits account for most
             | of the ways in which our minds appear so distinct: Namely,
             | our open-ended ability to imagine and reflect on scenarios,
             | and our insatiable drive to link our minds together. These
             | two traits explain how our species was able to amplify
             | qualities that we inherited in parallel with our animal
             | counterparts; transforming animal communication into
             | language, memory into mental time travel, sociality into
             | mind reading, problem solving into abstract reasoning,
             | traditions into culture, and empathy into morality.
             | 
             | >Suddendorf concludes with the provocative suggestion that
             | our unrivalled status may be our own creation -- and that
             | the gap is growing wider not so much because we are
             | becoming smarter but because we are killing off our closest
             | intelligent animal relatives.
             | 
             | https://www.amazon.com/Gap-Science-Separates-Other-
             | Animals/d...
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | The arguments around this seem paradoxical.
           | 
           | "Animal have a strong commonality with us, so we shouldn't
           | eat them in the fashion that we don't eat each other.
           | 
           | But
           | 
           | "Animal has a strong commonality with us, and one species of
           | animal will eat another species of animal. Even species
           | considered herbivores will eat some meat when it comes to
           | them (deer, etc). If we're like animals, what is wrong with
           | behaving like them?"
           | 
           | At which point, the argument skews to look at what's
           | _different_ about humans (most often  "we can choose good
           | versus evil" etc)
           | 
           | That said, for all I know, some different, intelligent,
           | omnivorous animal species has had a group or subculture that
           | also decided to stop eating meat. Of course we actually know
           | little about these things.
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | This is part of why I don't judge others for eating
             | animals. Plus, I do still eat fish. If I'm to judge anyone,
             | it should be me first.
             | 
             | I also intended to some degree to be paradoxical, but I'm a
             | terrible communicator so it wasn't evident outside my mind.
             | Like I said though, ultimately it all seems absurd to me.
             | Digging deep into what is good or right or moral when it
             | comes to these things is incredibly challenging. Ultimately
             | I wonder why I'm trying to figure it out. What a strange
             | exercise.
             | 
             | I definitely don't subscribe to any naturalistic ideas
             | about how people should behave. I do believe we are much
             | like the animals around us - far more than we'd like to
             | believe or acknowledge at times. I don't believe that means
             | what happens in nature and among other species is
             | inherently good though. I don't believe what humans do is
             | inherently good either. I just don't judge people for doing
             | what animals, or humans, overwhelmingly tend to do.
             | Hopefully that makes a bit more sense.
        
               | brutal_chaos_ wrote:
               | If I may, what made you become pescatarian (is that the
               | correct term)?
        
               | steve_adams_86 wrote:
               | I can't pin point it and I wish I could.
               | 
               | One significant contributor was when I began spearing my
               | own fish and became intimately familiar with the moment
               | of choosing if you shoot a fish or not. I realized that
               | in that moment I'm deciding something based on a
               | significant number of factors, but ultimately, I was
               | deciding to take a life. I wondered how different that is
               | from how I indirectly took the lives of fish by providing
               | demand in a market which catches and sells fish, apart
               | from the massive amounts of bycatch in the industry. But
               | really, is my indirect demand different from pulling the
               | trigger?
               | 
               | I know those thoughts and experiences, along with
               | experiencing fish in their environment, caused me to
               | begin to wonder a lot more about the consciousness of
               | other animals. Fish are quite aware of me, my eyes, where
               | I'm looking or pointing things. They certainly suffer.
               | 
               | It's a good question though and I wish I understood
               | better what really tipped the scale. Sometimes it feels
               | very irrational, but my 'gut' insists it's the right
               | thing to do. I still question if I should be killing
               | fish.
        
       | quattrofan wrote:
       | Sea World should be shutdown, it's essentially torturing these
       | animals. We would never accept this being done to humans and we
       | shouldn't for such extraordinary and intelligent creatures.
        
       | masswerk wrote:
       | What I find fascinating about this is that there are various
       | species which have tackled human speech with at least some
       | success (both actively and passively), while, conversely, we are
       | apparently rather bad at participating in their communicative
       | acts (like, imitating utterances in a meaningful way). Is it just
       | for a lack of interest on our side, or are we lacking something
       | else?
       | 
       | Edit, regarding "something else": Apparently, we are able to
       | recognize individuals of other primate species by face at a very
       | early age, but lose this ability soon (even before we acquire
       | speech), probably in favor of other social abilities. Which may
       | be an indication for a high degree of intraspecies specialication
       | regarding our communicative abilities.
        
         | PicassoCTs wrote:
         | I always wondered if we would try to bridge the gap what would
         | happen? Imagine a whale ambassador, driving around in a huge
         | half-tracked aquarium, holding speeches about what the fishing
         | fleets currently are doing is murder.
        
         | TheGallopedHigh wrote:
         | I'm sure any skilled hunter would argue differently. Just watch
         | Meat Eater on YouTube for use of animal sound mimicary ant it's
         | use in hunting.
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | Certainly, but isn't this more like a replay, is it actually
           | suitable for interaction?
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | There are degrees, a whole spectrum between tape-loop
             | mimicry to a high fidelity sharing of mental states when it
             | comes to language.
             | 
             | Mimicry with context is a good way (the only way?) to
             | develop an understanding of language.
        
             | amilios wrote:
             | I mean, this is the same thing that the whales are doing
             | though. What's the difference? In both cases it's just
             | mimicry.
        
             | update wrote:
             | apparently, turkeys have a pretty understandable language.
             | There's a documentary, My Life as a Turkey [1]; he was able
             | to decipher what each call meant (e.g. which squawk meant
             | "snake" and which one meant "eagle"). So, if you were
             | walking with a turkey, and you saw a snake and wanted to
             | warn it about it, you could, in theory, communicate with
             | it.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/my-life-as-a-turkey-
             | introduc...
        
               | CyanBird wrote:
               | And these probably would vary by region, just like how
               | whales, dolphins and orcas have different languages too
               | 
               | That's really cool, I didn't knew turkeys did that
        
         | jimmaswell wrote:
         | We can do some bird calls decently.
        
         | FridayoLeary wrote:
         | Maybe a bit off-topic, but here are some examples of humans
         | communicating with animals
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_child
        
           | 867-5309 wrote:
           | those are quite specific and questionable cases, usually
           | involving neglect
           | 
           | perhaps more pertinent:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93animal_communica.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_animal#Possibility_of_.
           | ..
        
         | loopz wrote:
         | You can do dog language. Many people do. It's not about barking
         | or asserting dominance.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | warent wrote:
         | > Is it just for a lack of interest on our side, or are we
         | lacking something else?
         | 
         | A combination of the two probably. I communicate with my pet
         | cat by mimicking her different kinds of meows, hisses, and
         | purrs. It makes it a lot easier because it's very obvious to me
         | she understands that language, but of course it's not perfect
         | 
         | It seems unlikely I'm the only person who does this. Probably a
         | lot of people speak to their pets in the animal's own language.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | There are dogs that have vocabularies of several hundred
           | words. People should breed those together, rather than the
           | incomprehensibly stupid existing breed characteristics.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | Do you really want to breed half-sentient predators that
             | survive just fine in the wild and human settled areas?
             | 
             | Your cute little buddy living a hard life after a few feral
             | generations after being bred for intelligence... I don't
             | know most people live lives almost completely sheltered
             | from wildlife, but let me tell you, wild dogs can be scary.
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | Yes, definitely. Because most of the dogs that would
               | actually be looked after would be great for a variety of
               | other tasks - everything from being service dogs, dogs
               | that check for illegal substances by smell, police dogs,
               | dogs who can herd animals and a variety of other tasks.
               | Even new tasks that people still haven't been able to
               | offload to canines.
               | 
               | If the animals can provide more value to humanity and
               | will be allowed to become smarter and somewhat evolve, i
               | think it's definitely worth it. Otherwise, if selective
               | breeding for utility wasn't a thing already, we probably
               | wouldn't have breeds that are passable for any of the
               | tasks above.
               | 
               | As for wild dogs, this hasn't ever been a _major_ problem
               | in my country. I haven 't seen any, there have never been
               | any news stories about people being bitten or killed by
               | wild dogs, i don't know anyone who has had run in with
               | them and frankly there are bigger problems in the country
               | - things like racoons and other small animals that carry
               | rabies, foxes and the occasional wolves that kill off
               | young deers and does alike, beavers that build dams and
               | flood portions of the forest and so on.
               | 
               |  _Edit: looked for any studies that i could find, sadly
               | there were none that 'd attempt to quantify how many
               | stray dogs there are in the country and how many of those
               | have attacked people and how many have attacked other
               | animals. Just found a news report of one person being
               | bitten by them:_ https://baltics.news/2021/03/16/in-
               | rezekne-region-a-woman-is...
               | 
               | Just to be clear, i am not attempting to say that wild
               | dogs are not a large problem, just that it's not a
               | problem everywhere to the same degree and that quite
               | possibly there are other social factors at play - why
               | would there be more wild dogs on one region of the world
               | as opposed to another, especially when humans are the
               | ones who breed these animals in the first place? Do the
               | people not look after them? Are there puppy mills that
               | get abandoned? Do people generally not view having dogs
               | as a great responsibility? Are there no services that
               | take care of wild and stray animals?
               | 
               | It's not like humans couldn't do anything about it either
               | - if wild dogs are an inevitability in certain parts of
               | the world, why not disallow "importing" dogs of these
               | breeds to those regions and disallow breeding them there?
               | 
               | Here's an example of concentrated effort in regards to
               | eradicating rabies in the country, i don't see why
               | something similar couldn't be done in regards to stray
               | animals (though it may only work on a smaller scale like
               | in this country, at least without lots of coordinated
               | effort): https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/anima
               | ls/docs/reg-...
        
             | greesil wrote:
             | Smart dogs are working dogs. If they've got no work,
             | they'll get up to _bad things_ usually because you 've left
             | them in your house all day. If you want a pet, get a dumb
             | dog. Or, a very lazy breed, like a greyhound.
        
               | rangibaby wrote:
               | Agreed. I think people forget that smart animals are
               | smart enough to do bad things because they feel like it
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | The donkey has the reputation for being stupid and lazy
               | because it, unlike the horse, is smart enough to tell the
               | human "I don't care"
        
               | hackflip wrote:
               | I had a super smart poodle mix growing up, and it was
               | smart enough to easily open the latch on its cage from
               | the inside with its tongue. It also knew how to rearrange
               | chairs in order to climb onto the dinner table.
               | 
               | The ones that are too smart outsmart the owners, which
               | some dog owners see as a bad thing.
        
               | Talanes wrote:
               | I had a particularly smart and runty beagle when I was a
               | kid that watched the cats jump the fence once, and then
               | worked out that she could leave whenever she wanted.
        
               | stavros_ wrote:
               | Greyhounds are as full of love as they are glorious
               | stupidity. I highly recommend them to anyone considering
               | dog ownership.
               | 
               | I do wish I had a border collie (very intelligent working
               | dog) in my life though. I should go round befriending
               | local farmers so I can play with their dogs :D
        
           | CyanBird wrote:
           | I do this a lot with my cats and dogs as well, they are
           | smart, they just don't speak my language, so since they were
           | small I spoke to them with sign language, for example if the
           | dogs are still hungry after I give them food, I do the hand
           | gesture of clapping in ASL and that way they understand that
           | there's no more food and can see my hands that I am not
           | hiding/holding anything
           | 
           | There's not much else that I can do when they go insane
           | barking tho..... But they do trust me a lot and I can tell
           | easily when they are trying to tell me things such as "follow
           | me" which happens when they find something weird like a dead
           | frog or some other animal they don't know (neighbors have
           | chickens)
           | 
           | Also they lately have gotten into making holes in the yard
           | (the dogs) if anyone has ideas how to stop that, that'd be
           | great.....
        
             | gverrilla wrote:
             | why you want to stop your dogs from making holes in the
             | ground? it's like making playing children stop
        
               | jshmrsn wrote:
               | Common reasons include holes in the ground leading to
               | dogs escaping out of fenced areas, or just general
               | property damage (dogs can quickly dig large holes which
               | are walking hazards, and don't look as nice as a well
               | kept yard). Also, when children play in the street, for
               | example, wouldn't you stop in that kind of situation? Or
               | if children were digging large holes on someone else's /
               | public property?
        
               | gverrilla wrote:
               | Can't you just cover the holes, instead of trying to
               | force dogs out of their nature?
        
               | warent wrote:
               | well you could say this about any behavior. Why teach
               | children to stop peeing their pants, isn't that just
               | trying to force them out of their nature?
               | 
               | There's nothing abusive about training a dog about proper
               | behavior. Anyway, I think a dog's nature is more about
               | obeying humans than digging holes. That's kind of the
               | deal we made thousand of years ago
        
               | vagrantJin wrote:
               | > Anyway, I think a dog's nature is more about obeying
               | humans than digging holes
               | 
               | The international Canis organizations call such speech
               | _slavery_ and a canine revolutionary uprising is nigh.
        
               | gverrilla wrote:
               | peeing their pants will make them smell and mprobably
               | irritate the skin. digging holes is a completely normal
               | behavior for a dog (unless it's excessive or coupled with
               | abnormal behavior).
        
               | seg_lol wrote:
               | I was at the beach a couple days ago and dug two
               | excellent holes, one was artistic in nature an the other
               | was a nice holder for a bottle of wine.
               | 
               | Nice way to pass the time while chatting with friends.
        
           | bArray wrote:
           | The two noises I used with cats are:
           | 
           | 1. "sssssshheeeeessh" If you want them to leave, like a
           | hissing sound.
           | 
           | 2. A squeaking (by pursing lips together) to calls them or
           | tell them you are interested to play.
           | 
           | Generally I don't believe cats really try so much to
           | communicate - at least I don't get this impression.
           | 
           | I would say that with dogs they understand a lot more. They
           | understand the concept of pointing and use it to communicate
           | something of interest to me. For example, one of my dogs ran
           | out of the gate and the other dog pointed to where they went
           | using their entire body as an arrow. Another time a ball was
           | lost in a stack of tires, so the dog requested help from me
           | to retrieve it my pointing. I can ask "where is <object they
           | know>" and they'll take me to it, or help me search for it -
           | to the point where one of my dogs will help me look for my
           | keys.
           | 
           | My dogs will also try to communicate with me too, mimicking
           | what they believe I sound like. "Helllooooo" they really try
           | to copy as a greeting. They also like to get involved in
           | singing too - I think they somewhat enjoy some music.
           | 
           | What I like about my dogs too is that they understand the
           | more subtle things. When two people are arguing or speaking
           | heatedly they will try to break them up by pushing in-
           | between. They are not allowed into certain rooms unless
           | invited, but a small sideways nod lets them know they have a
           | one time pass.
           | 
           | Dogs also very much like routine, the human world is
           | confusing and if you delay feeding for a few hours for
           | example, they don't understand why. They often do their best
           | to fit in if you help them to.
           | 
           | I think people really underestimate how smart dogs can be.
           | They * really * try to communicate back, but they are mostly
           | unsuccessful. Try sometime to take an interest in their
           | attempts to communicate with you, encourage it even. If they
           | think they can communicate with you, you'll have a much
           | better time. My dogs even help me keep my daily schedule.
        
             | viciousvoxel wrote:
             | Thank you for writing this -- it's 100% spot on from my
             | experience. Dogs are extremely social animals and naturally
             | have a strong _need_ to communicate. Just a little time and
             | effort put into understanding their signals as well as
             | teaching them /guiding them towards ones that work better
             | for you will go a long way.
             | 
             | When my dogs have lost a ball under something they will bow
             | at the location and look at me; if that doesn't work they
             | will come up and make a little grumble and wait for my
             | attention, then go and bow in front of the location again.
             | Similarly if they want to go outside, we set up a little
             | bell by the back door that they can jingle. At first we
             | would ring it every time we let them outside, or let them
             | outside every time they accidentally knocked it. They
             | learned the association pretty quickly. Now if they need to
             | go out (or spotted some bunnies in the yard) they will ring
             | it; if we don't respond immediately, they'll come up, make
             | a little sound to get attention, and run back to ring the
             | bell again. I also have the same experience re: permission
             | into areas and one-time-pass signals. Also the singing --
             | it's fun to get a choir going!
        
             | mockingbirdy wrote:
             | It seems that some dogs are even able to learn to
             | communicate via sound buttons [1]. Maybe that's interesting
             | if you have smart dogs, might be a good way to better
             | understand their needs.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LQt5TCHq6E
        
           | QuesnayJr wrote:
           | I've tried to do this with cats, but they never seem to
           | recognize that I am making a cat sound. Did you start when
           | she was a kitten? (Alternatively, I could just be uniquely
           | bad at it.)
        
             | ianai wrote:
             | Cats hear and respond better to high pitched sounds.
             | 
             | I absolutely do mimic cat language and they very quickly
             | pick up on it.
             | 
             | I've got sounds I make that call just about any cats. Like
             | I've made the sounds to stranger cats while out walking and
             | they immediately respond. It's a clicking sound - pretty
             | sure it's a common sound.
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | There's strong implications that we as humans have dedicated
         | wetware hardware for streaming out speech from the data
         | structures in our mind. That hardware seems to be bandwidth
         | constrained to about 39 bits per second.
         | 
         | https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/09/human-speech-may-hav...
         | 
         | It makes sense that other animals may be able to cargo cult
         | some of the underlying mechanical representations of speech,
         | but would lack the neural hardware that propelled us to
         | dominance on the incredible short time spans of human history
         | and prehistory.
        
           | Gauge_Irrahphe wrote:
           | I see no reason for that, it seems more like a pragmatic
           | choice of reliability over capacity. (in other words to make
           | speech comprehensible in noise)
        
           | brigandish wrote:
           | Isn't it the absence of hands that has held them back? (from
           | dominance)
           | 
           | Having hands plus less of or less good neural hardware means
           | less dominance, as we see with our simian cousins, yet having
           | the greatest brain on the planet wouldn't provide dominance
           | without the ability to fabricate things.
        
         | proc0 wrote:
         | Yeah but there's something different about this. Given how
         | smart whales are, this must also have some form of awareness as
         | to what they're doing. Parrots mimic words and phrases and
         | focus on the micro-pronunciations. This feels like the whale is
         | doing an impression of humans in a conversation.
        
         | daurinhack wrote:
         | Shaun Ellis seems to communicate wih wolf alright. Also i
         | believe quite a few people in the world knows how to express
         | the "this territory is claimed, don't come around here" howl
         | message.
         | 
         | national geographic about him :
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eerUnxonS-I
        
         | smcameron wrote:
         | > we are able to recognize individuals of other primate species
         | by face at a very early age, but lose this ability soon
         | 
         | I don't know if I buy this. We can recognize individual dogs
         | and cats that we know easily, even reliably distinguishing
         | between very homogeneous looking variants (various golden
         | retrievers that look incredibly similar to one another. I've
         | seen zillions of golden retrievers but would never mistake any
         | of them for my childhood pet.) Why should primates be different
         | than dogs and cats? I suspect it is only because almost nobody
         | has more than passing views of individual primates. I would buy
         | that we cannot easily recognize individual primates that are
         | _strangers_ to us, just as we cannot recognize individual dogs
         | and cats that are strangers to us. Give us half an hour with a
         | primate and I think we 'd recognize them just fine.
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | As I know it, there are tests with babies, where they react
           | to primate individuals, they have seen before, just like to
           | humans they have already seen, and are able to identify
           | strangers. However, this ability is soon lost and the "in-
           | group" focuses to humans only. I haven't a source link on
           | this, but there should be some documentaries on early
           | development on YT (or similar platforms) covering this.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | A lot of studies like this are done very poorly and should
             | always be taken with a healthy dose of skepticism. One
             | immediate issue that comes up is infants can barely see at
             | all, born with incompletely developed brains, the neural
             | machinery that translates sensory input to perception
             | develops with the help of the actual sensory input... it
             | could very well be that babies stop reacting to other
             | primates in the same way when they can see well enough to
             | tell the difference. (just one guess of many potential
             | issues with topics like this)
        
               | masswerk wrote:
               | Well, I wouldn't deem it that unconceivable. It's a
               | somewhat sad, but well known fact that we do narrow this
               | "in-group" even more to the effect that we are not that
               | good at identifying individuals of ethnic groups, we're
               | not so familiar with. It may be well that we start with a
               | broad, hard-wired concept and refine this by adaptation
               | to the given environment. (It may be interesting, how
               | developments would go with an actual "wild child".)
               | 
               | Edit: I always liked to think that the stereotypical
               | alien face somewhat resembles this blueprint (plus
               | excessive light bleed as we must have experienced it at
               | an early age).
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > we are able to recognize individuals of other primate species
         | by face at a very early age, but lose this ability soon
         | 
         | I don't buy this. I visit the Primate Rescue Centre (Monkey
         | World) in Dorset, UK, and can recognise several individual
         | chimps and orangutans by their facial features (especially if
         | you include ears). Discriminators include size of brow ridges,
         | facial colouration, distance between nose and mouth, eye
         | separation, etc etc. Here are some facial shots of several
         | individuals to illustrate the range of variations.
         | 
         | https://monkeyworld.org/our-primates/primate-groups/bachelor...
         | 
         | https://monkeyworld.org/our-primates/primate-groups/hananyas...
         | 
         | If you factor in body mass and musculature and other bodily
         | features the differences between individuals can be dramatic.
        
           | w0de0 wrote:
           | If you'll permit me, your identification sounds very much
           | like a conscious exercise in reason: calling out and
           | remembering unique physical features as mnemonic devices.
           | 
           | That's different than the subconscious facial recognition our
           | brains pull off for humans; I doubt you find yourself needing
           | to look at the president's ears to tell if it's Bush or
           | Reagan.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | > I doubt you find yourself needing to look at the
             | president's ears to tell if it's Bush or Reagan
             | 
             | Indeed!
             | 
             | But I was really just listing the discriminators for the
             | benefit of people who perhaps haven't looked at chimps very
             | hard. For a few of the chimps, I can look and immediately
             | say "that's Bart" or "that's Thelma".
             | 
             | This may of course be my mind having internalised a few
             | distinct 'settings' of the discriminators. But the overall
             | effect, coming back to my original point, is that
             | apparently without conscious thought I can recognise
             | specific individual non-humans. The Primate Care Staff, who
             | work with these individuals 24/7, have very good at-a-
             | glance recognition for the entire community.
        
         | humaniania wrote:
         | I really hope that people are working on machine learning
         | projects for animal communication. If you listen to crows and
         | ravens in the wild it seems clear that there are patterns.
         | 
         | I would also like to see technology interfaces developed for
         | animal use.
         | 
         | I am worried that much of the natural language development that
         | would occur from frequent interaction is being held back by the
         | social isolation of most species that humans keep as pets.
         | 
         | Maybe humans need to engineer the languages and teach them to
         | the species?
        
           | Alex3917 wrote:
           | > I would also like to see technology interfaces developed
           | for animal use.
           | 
           | I feel like just asking this question is step one on the
           | journey toward overdosing on ketamine and drowning in a float
           | tank.
        
           | matheist wrote:
           | > I would also like to see technology interfaces developed
           | for animal use.
           | 
           | I'm working on a device for this! Stay tuned.
        
             | secfirstmd wrote:
             | Wow. Don't leave us hanging! Tell us more.
        
           | momirlan wrote:
           | Apparently horses have a body language.
        
             | FartyMcFarter wrote:
             | So do dogs: for example, if you do something that makes
             | them stressed, they use calming signals such as licking
             | their own lips or yawning.
        
             | masswerk wrote:
             | And it seems, we are much better at linking to this than to
             | audible utterances. Compare the various "whisperers".
        
             | BeFlatXIII wrote:
             | They're also incredibly adept at reading human body
             | language and emotional state. Horses with the gift of
             | clairvoyance read subtle shifts in weight of their rider
             | and know to jump or turn left before the rider says so or
             | uses the reins.
             | 
             | I forget which book it's in, but there's an often-repeated
             | tale of a horse who learned to do sums and could add
             | numbers even without his owner in sight. It was eventually
             | discovered that he read the anticipation of his observers
             | and knew to stop stomping his hoof once they relaxed after
             | peak tension.
        
               | quercusa wrote:
               | Clever Hans: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clever_Hans
        
           | Udik wrote:
           | Obligatory Gary Larson:
           | 
           | https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1d/b5/27/1db5279f8a07f1601bf7.
           | ..
        
             | krrrh wrote:
             | Obligatory Achewood:
             | 
             | http://achewood.com/index.php?date=07282004
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | > Apparently, we are able to recognize individuals of other
         | primate species by face at a very early age,
         | 
         | Something very simmilar happens with language. Babies are able
         | to distinguish speach sounds of all languages, but quickly lose
         | the ability to percieve distinctions that are not present in
         | their "native" language (native in quotes because this happens
         | before they have made a single utterence)
        
           | flir wrote:
           | I believe they make all the noises, too? But as they zero in
           | on a single language, some get abandoned.
        
       | a3n wrote:
       | Fascinating, hopeful and yet saddening.
       | 
       | I would like to have seen something about Inuit experience with
       | Belugans speaking HSL, Human as a Second Language.
        
       | Igelau wrote:
       | Pha loves Pa.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | "The day of the dolphins" is both nearer and further away.
        
       | pgcj_poster wrote:
       | They should put the spectrograms of Noc's speech on the final
       | exam of a phonetics class and tell students to identify the words
       | without knowing that they were produced by a beluga. Then we'll
       | know what he was saying.
        
       | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
       | _We better not embrace whales trying to communicate with us.
       | These finned "c!nts" are only interested in taking our jobs, our
       | land, and even our women! Coming up here ... Onto our land ...
       | With their barely developed lungs ... And their hopes and dreams
       | "of a better tomorrow for whales". GET BACK in the SEA I say!!_
       | 
       |  _My name 's Tucker Carlson from Fox news, and I say we need to
       | ensure the brightest and best whales STAY IN THE SEA, and
       | concentrate on making it aquatically prosperous, instead of
       | coming up here, onto our land, and beginning the process of
       | evolution that will eventually lead to all life on Earth after
       | the humans._
       | 
       | (apologies, this was paraphrased from Stewart Lee's comedy
       | vehicle "comin over here" bit and is satire)
        
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