[HN Gopher] A whale who tried to mimic human speech (2014)
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       A whale who tried to mimic human speech (2014)
        
       Author : awll
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2021-05-01 18:48 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | haecceity wrote:
       | I guess the emphasis is on tried
        
       | IronWolve wrote:
       | Don't forget Koko the Gorilla. She was able to sign, understand
       | english and recount stories of her past.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4QQ8Mfjb_g
        
         | axiolite wrote:
         | Not as clear as case as we've been led to believe:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYWSXRUGxDQ
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | "Can Apes Really 'Talk' To Humans?"
           | 
           | Nit: humans _are_ apes.
        
           | tomerico wrote:
           | Interesting watch. TL;DW - Apes like Koko were raised by
           | trainers who did not perform rigorous scientific measurements
           | and were prone to bias. Research on Apes became immoral over
           | time, hence less recent examples exist.
           | 
           | The most recent and rigorous study is on a bonobo, where
           | communication is done using touchscreen with buttons saying
           | words (lexigrams). Even in this case interaction seems to be
           | limited to "give me an item" or "put item in box".
        
           | chrischen wrote:
           | Still miles ahead of a dog. Can you train a dog to understand
           | "put the pine needles in the refrigerator?"
        
       | suifbwish wrote:
       | Worst mobile webpage of all time. Cant read anything because it
       | constantly jumps around loading ads and pop ups. I would expect
       | this from the daily news not something like the smithsonian.
        
         | a3n wrote:
         | Use an ad blocker. It viewed just fine for me.
         | 
         | Your poor experience is justification enough for blocking.
         | 
         | I await the day when internet ads are not resource sucking,
         | malware vectoring, PII leaking surveillance systems. Until
         | then, I block.
         | 
         | Online venues say they need ads to survive. I say they need
         | _benign_ ads to survive much longer.
         | 
         | It could even be a form of competition, like Volvo marketing
         | themselves as "safe."
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | The audio in question:
       | https://m.soundcloud.com/smithsonianmag/noc-the-beluga-whale
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | Isn't there a single video of it?
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | Audio: https://m.soundcloud.com/smithsonianmag/noc-the-beluga-
         | whale
        
         | tempestn wrote:
         | There's an audio recording in the story.
        
       | montenegrohugo wrote:
       | It seems to me more and more like the biggest, only real
       | difference between most animals and humans is their lack of
       | sophisticated communication. Certainly they communicate; but they
       | do not have access to our rich verbal symbols with which we can
       | convey anything imaginable. Perhaps you could add the lack of a
       | prehensile thumb and deft fingers to build tools with, but I
       | think communication is even more fundamental for the recipe of
       | civilization.
       | 
       | Anyone can empirically recognize some form of intelligence in
       | animals, whether it be your pet dog, a smart street crow or a
       | beluga whale.
       | 
       | Additionally, I've never found the relative brain size theory
       | sufficiently satisfactory to explain our superiority. How can the
       | brain of an elephant, or a blue whale (about 7 times the mass of
       | our brain), be that much inferior? I don't think it is; I think
       | it is just different, and that we are not capable to really
       | empathize with it enough (unless we reach some absurd degree of
       | anthropomorphizing it).
       | 
       | If we accept these premises, what does it make to our worldview
       | and the morality of how we treat animals?
        
         | stormbrew wrote:
         | > Certainly they communicate; but they do not have access to
         | our rich verbal symbols with which we can convey anything
         | imaginable.
         | 
         | I mean, this whale seems to be doing about the same thing I do
         | with my cats. I don't really see how you can derive any
         | directionality here about how 'rich' their communication is
         | from that. It's likely cats are intrigued and also baffled by
         | what we're 'saying' when we do this.
         | 
         | That's not to say I think cats have as rich of communication as
         | we do, just that we can't even manage to make much sense of
         | other species' vocal communication, let alone mimic any meaning
         | present in it, _even when we are pretty sure it is actually
         | simpler than ours_.
         | 
         | From that it seems way overly confident to state that _all
         | failure on our part to recognize depth_ is because of a lack of
         | it.
        
           | lrem wrote:
           | There's been some research on coyotes or similar animals,
           | can't remember. They managed to figure out about 30 "words".
           | Interestingly one of that tiny budget was for a human and
           | another one for a human with a gun.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | You may be interested in this Youtube channel, wherein a dog
         | owner has been teaching the dog to use a gradually expanding
         | set of talking buttons:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXy7NTGHAyQ
         | 
         | There's another channel where someone's been doing the same
         | with some measure of success with a cat:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooCEYMaNL8I
        
           | stormbrew wrote:
           | You seem to have accidentally pasted the same youtube link
           | twice? I'm definitely curious about the cat one and haven't
           | seen that before :)
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | The duplicated link is now fixed.
        
         | matz1 wrote:
         | Not sure why my morality has to change, doesn't matter if pig
         | turn out to have conscious experience like mine, I will still
         | eat it.
        
           | jonathanlb wrote:
           | Ok, I'll bite (no pun intended): if it were socially
           | acceptable to eat people, would you?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | matz1 wrote:
             | I wouldn't, like I wouldn't eat dog/monkey even though its
             | socially acceptable in certain place, in my mind its
             | disgusting. Pig on the other hand its delicious.
        
               | spaetzleesser wrote:
               | That's what I don't get. Why are some animals acceptable
               | to eat and some are aren't? I know people who get totally
               | outraged over dog or horse meat at but have no problem
               | with beef or pork. Pigs are very intelligent and
               | emotional. Way more than horses who aren't that smart in
               | comparison.
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | There are a lot of components needed for civilization. In the
         | case of humans, agriculture was a big one, as it led to the
         | feasibility of cities and specialization of labor. Absent
         | specific adaptations to agriculture, tool making is essential
         | for it. Advanced civilization is greatly helped by written
         | communication (although human history shows we can get pretty
         | far without it), which again depends on tool making. Without
         | the ability to make tools there is only so far a species can
         | get.
         | 
         | Human superiority also depended on non-intelligent traits.
         | Without evolving the ability to sweat, we might never have had
         | the opportunity to develop civilization.
         | 
         | Regarding brain size, larger animals need larger brains just
         | control their bodily functions, so looking at brain size
         | without controling for body size does not tell you much.
         | 
         | If you look at brain:body ratio, humans are pretty high up, but
         | not a crazy outlier [0] (figure 7.13), and not the best [1].
         | 
         | A simple ratio probably not the best test, and seems to favor
         | small animals. A more advanced measure exists [2], but suffers
         | from a bit of a fine tuning problem.
         | 
         | There is also an implicit assumption that "intelligence" is a
         | single dimensional value, which is simply not the case. For
         | instance, beyond being a tool for communication, language seems
         | to be a tool for thinking as well, but is clearly not a result
         | of a general "intelligence" we have. Our overall intelligence
         | is likely the result of a bunch of specialized systems within
         | the brain
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~ejchaisson/cosmic_evolution/do...
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-to-
         | body_mass_ratio#Compa...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalization_quotient
        
           | jamesgreenleaf wrote:
           | Environmental conditions are a big factor as well. We've
           | existed as humans for ~300k years, but it was only ~10k years
           | ago that we learned agriculture and civilization-building.
           | That coincided with the beginning of the Holocene Epoch, when
           | the world got warmer, the glaciers melted, and the sea level
           | rose by 400 feet. We must have had those capabilities all
           | along, but it was only when the conditions were right that
           | they were able to be fully expressed.
        
         | firebaze wrote:
         | Another point of view could be intelligent animals like whales
         | see another dimension of existence we simply cannot understand.
         | 
         | Maybe they just think further, they deeply understand the
         | fractal nature of the laws of the universe and they came to the
         | conclusion, that nothing they'll ever do will have an influence
         | to improve anything at all, since nothing is really bad, so
         | they just sing their songs and propagate reasonably? :)
         | 
         | /semi-sarcastic viewpoint
         | 
         | Maybe this comes across as an emo-anti-intelligence-nature-
         | knows-it-best post. It wasn't intended to, at all. It even
         | isn't meant to.
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | > It seems to me more and more like the biggest, only real
         | difference between most animals and humans is their lack of
         | sophisticated communication. Certainly they communicate; but
         | they do not have access to our rich verbal symbols with which
         | we can convey anything imaginable.
         | 
         | How do you know all that? There is ample evidence that whales,
         | and in particular orcas, have complex intelligence and
         | communication. If you can't understand what a whale is talking
         | about, I'm not sure how you can make these claims.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | Actually, I think many animals might communicate better than
         | humans, but we don't know how they do it.
         | 
         | I wouldn't completely suprise me if their are certain animals
         | using telepathic thought? Or, some way if communicitating we
         | haven't a clue existed.
         | 
         | (And yes I know telepathic thought has been completely debunked
         | in humans. Actually, there's a million sitting stomewhere if
         | any person can successfully pass a institutes telepathic
         | ability test. To date the money is still there, or a higher
         | amount? My point is we know so little about other species.)
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | This is precisely why I've transformed my eating habits. I
         | realized that while I can't prove these animals have a
         | conscious experience like mine (or one I would value as I do
         | the human conscience, I suppose), I also can't prove that they
         | don't.
         | 
         | We can all read and likely have many experiences indicating
         | that animals, in many circumstances, actually behave much like
         | humans do. And for all the arguments that animals do x or y
         | because they're responding to stimulus, well... So are we.
         | 
         | It really clicked a while back and since then, I just can't go
         | back. I no longer feel sufficiently different from a cow or a
         | pig in order to feel comfortable eating them.
         | 
         | I certainly don't judge others for disagreeing either though.
         | Just as I don't judge wolves for eating caribou or fish for
         | eating fish. Humans operate under the illusion that they have
         | free or stronger will than these animals, but I'm not sure
         | that's true anymore. I'm not even clear on why I had this
         | revelation or why it matters enough to me to act on it! It's
         | all very absurd in a way.
        
           | p1necone wrote:
           | Occams razor tells me that other animals probably do have a
           | concious experience just like ours.
           | 
           | Sure, they could have all the same internal organs as us (at
           | least with mammals, and reptiles/birds to a slightly lesser
           | extent), a similarly structured brain, be evolved from the
           | same common ancestors and exhibit all the same outward signs
           | of being conscious and self aware but somehow be totally
           | different from humans.
           | 
           | But that would be much more complicated than the simple
           | explanation that they are just like us, but less intelligent.
        
             | jack9 wrote:
             | > Occams razor tells me that other animals probably do have
             | a concious experience just like ours.
             | 
             | For most mammals, everything is so similar...including
             | responses to stimuli like light, sound, temperature, pain,
             | pleasure, even predictive behavior (knowing when they have
             | done something to provoke a human response) that the same
             | principle leads me to believe it's likely they have a very
             | similar experience.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | The arguments around this seem paradoxical.
           | 
           | "Animal have a strong commonality with us, so we shouldn't
           | eat them in the fashion that we don't eat each other.
           | 
           | But
           | 
           | "Animal has a strong commonality with us, and one species of
           | animal will eat another species of animal. Even species
           | considered herbivores will eat some meat when it comes to
           | them (deer, etc). If we're like animals, what is wrong with
           | behaving like them?"
           | 
           | At which point, the argument skews to look at what's
           | _different_ about humans (most often  "we can choose good
           | versus evil" etc)
           | 
           | That said, for all I know, some different, intelligent,
           | omnivorous animal species has had a group or subculture that
           | also decided to stop eating meat. Of course we actually know
           | little about these things.
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | This is part of why I don't judge others for eating
             | animals. Plus, I do still eat fish. If I'm to judge anyone,
             | it should be me first.
             | 
             | I also intended to some degree to be paradoxical, but I'm a
             | terrible communicator so it wasn't evident outside my mind.
             | Like I said though, ultimately it all seems absurd to me.
             | Digging deep into what is good or right or moral when it
             | comes to these things is incredibly challenging. Ultimately
             | I wonder why I'm trying to figure it out. What a strange
             | exercise.
             | 
             | I definitely don't subscribe to any naturalistic ideas
             | about how people should behave. I do believe we are much
             | like the animals around us - far more than we'd like to
             | believe or acknowledge at times. I don't believe that means
             | what happens in nature and among other species is
             | inherently good though. I don't believe what humans do is
             | inherently good either. I just don't judge people for doing
             | what animals, or humans, overwhelmingly tend to do.
             | Hopefully that makes a bit more sense.
        
       | masswerk wrote:
       | What I find fascinating about this is that there are various
       | species which have tackled human speech with at least some
       | success (both actively and passively), while, conversely, we are
       | apparently rather bad at participating in their communicative
       | acts (like, imitating utterances in a meaningful way). Is it just
       | for a lack of interest on our side, or are we lacking something
       | else?
       | 
       | Edit, regarding "something else": Apparently, we are able to
       | recognize individuals of other primate species by face at a very
       | early age, but lose this ability soon (even before we acquire
       | speech), probably in favor of other social abilities. Which may
       | be an indication for a high degree of intraspecies specialication
       | regarding our communicative abilities.
        
         | PicassoCTs wrote:
         | I always wondered if we would try to bridge the gap what would
         | happen? Imagine a whale ambassador, driving around in a huge
         | half-tracked aquarium, holding speeches about what the fishing
         | fleets currently are doing is murder.
        
         | TheGallopedHigh wrote:
         | I'm sure any skilled hunter would argue differently. Just watch
         | Meat Eater on YouTube for use of animal sound mimicary ant it's
         | use in hunting.
        
         | jimmaswell wrote:
         | We can do some bird calls decently.
        
         | FridayoLeary wrote:
         | Maybe a bit off-topic, but here are some examples of humans
         | communicating with animals
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_child
        
           | 867-5309 wrote:
           | those are quite specific and questionable cases, usually
           | involving neglect
           | 
           | perhaps more pertinent:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93animal_communica.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_animal#Possibility_of_.
           | ..
        
         | loopz wrote:
         | You can do dog language. Many people do. It's not about barking
         | or asserting dominance.
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | > Apparently, we are able to recognize individuals of other
         | primate species by face at a very early age,
         | 
         | Something very simmilar happens with language. Babies are able
         | to distinguish speach sounds of all languages, but quickly lose
         | the ability to percieve distinctions that are not present in
         | their "native" language (native in quotes because this happens
         | before they have made a single utterence)
        
       | a3n wrote:
       | Fascinating, hopeful and yet saddening.
       | 
       | I would like to have seen something about Inuit experience with
       | Belugans speaking HSL, Human as a Second Language.
        
       | Igelau wrote:
       | Pha loves Pa.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | "The day of the dolphins" is both nearer and further away.
        
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