[HN Gopher] India's second wave of Covid-19 feels nothing like i...
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       India's second wave of Covid-19 feels nothing like its first
        
       Author : divbzero
       Score  : 248 points
       Date   : 2021-05-01 04:51 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | MarkMc wrote:
       | Suppose I know of a number of people in India who have covid
       | symptoms and difficulty breathing but cannot get treatment in any
       | hospital due to overcrowding. As someone who lives in a Western
       | country, what is the most effective way to help them?
       | 
       | I could simply send them money, but they might use it to bribe
       | hospital staff for treatment, or outbid other people for oxygen
       | cannisters. They would benefit but other people would lose out.
       | 
       | Maybe I should buy medicine in my home country and send it to
       | them? Or maybe buy oxygen concentrator machines on Alibaba and
       | have them shipped to India?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | For the most part, India's fate over the next month is sealed.
         | It was like when people got really excited about making
         | ventilators, they were already a month late.
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | Maybe one somewhat-helpful simple thing you could send them
         | would be a pulse oximeter. If they need to get to a hospital
         | and can't get in, it won't help them much, but it might in some
         | cases be helpful to at least have a thing that at least tells
         | them if they're getting better or worse.
         | 
         | Another option is maybe send them a decent quality room air
         | filter if they're in a city with heavy pollution, so it's one
         | less thing for their lungs to deal with.
         | 
         | It's kind of a tough question; I'm neither a doctor nor have I
         | been around anyone who has gotten Covid, so I don't really know
         | first-hand what's most helpful.
        
         | jayp1418 wrote:
         | Thanks mark for wonderful thought but money won't solve issues
         | India facing. There are multiple problems. I think most
         | important thing is to educate rural people about why they need
         | to follow guidelines strictly. Many people refuses vaccines
         | because they think it is elobrate plan to eliminate them. So
         | education is the way govt.can move forward.
        
       | kepler1 wrote:
       | I hate to bring up this point but I think it's not totally
       | irrelevant.
       | 
       | India in general has a problem with hygiene and public health
       | being compromised out of offending people's political / religious
       | sensibilities, inability to follow rules and impose requirements
       | on people, inability to lay down the law consistently. There's
       | just a little too _much_ democracy in this country.
       | 
       | Hygiene of people preparing food and in daily life (for many) --
       | not good. Regulatory oversight -- not good. Animals wandering the
       | street, garbage thrown anywhere, pollution of water supplies for
       | religious rituals -- not good. Agricultural fires allowed to burn
       | for fear of clamping down on farmers -- not good.
       | 
       | And you see people in government saying meaningless assurances
       | that the wave of infection will pass -- not good.
        
       | ppf wrote:
       | How did it take so long for India to have a second wave?
        
         | chunkyguy wrote:
         | COVID never actually went away. Just that the people and the
         | government ignored it until it mutated to a deadly version.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > until it mutated to a deadly version
           | 
           | Do we know this, yet?
        
           | ppf wrote:
           | Of course it didn't go away. So you are saying that Western
           | countries, that took all the Covid precautions, had an early
           | second wave. However, a densely populated country that took
           | very few precautions didn't have a second wave, but a deadly
           | version months later? Do you have any references for the idea
           | that India is suffering from a new variant of Covid?
           | 
           | For that matter, do we have any accurate information about
           | the situation in India, except some choice photos in the
           | media?
        
             | hesarenu wrote:
             | I think most of the pics, articles like this one are from
             | Delhi. Which i think is in terrible shape. With cases not
             | decreasing most hospitals would any way be stressed. But i
             | assume it not terrible everywhere. My citie's Govt Hospital
             | and Pvt ones are not over crowded or even anyway looks
             | stressed as of now.
        
           | ashishmax31 wrote:
           | Do we have evidence that the virus has mutated into something
           | more deadly? Such mutation is clearly not beneficial to the
           | virus. My guess would be that the virus mutated into
           | something with a higher R-0. Read more about the optimal
           | virulence here:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_virulence
        
             | nnq wrote:
             | Optimal virulence is kinda bullshit with rapidly evolving
             | things on small timescales...
             | 
             | Sure, if a mutation that makes it give deadly miocarditis
             | 50% of the cases pops up, that strain would have a clear
             | evolutionary disadvantage ...but if a strain that gives 2x
             | worse pneumonia (and maybe a 2x death rate, that overall is
             | still low) with 4x more coughing evolve, it will have an
             | evolutionary advantage, more caughing => more virus in the
             | air etc.
             | 
             | So _you absolutely can have viruses evolving towards
             | increased lethality_ , as long as people infected with the
             | new strain spread the virus more and don't die too soon...
             | you won't get to smth. evolving its way to 80% lethality,
             | but it can very well evolve from <1% to ...50% (scary!).
             | 
             |  _The whole optimism about patterns of viral evolution is
             | 100% wrong, unless you 're thinking at very large
             | timescales, and in environments where humans have not added
             | so many accelerator factors!_
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Dynamics of the virus spread is quite interesting.
         | 
         | 3Blue1Brown made a fascinating video about how an epidemic
         | spreads: https://youtu.be/gxAaO2rsdIs
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | I'd say it's a third wave by now already
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | Weather / season is what I've seen speculated the most.
        
         | spikels wrote:
         | I would like to know this too. Why didn't it take off last year
         | and why now?
         | 
         | My prior is that the virus took time to evolve to be hyper-
         | infectious in the local conditions. Fits timescale and may fit
         | theoretical models (many suggest viruses become more infectious
         | but less deadly - not sure if this is the case in India).
         | 
         | Would be great to see good research on this but it will take
         | many months. Early reports and analysis are likely to be wrong.
        
           | ppf wrote:
           | How did it do that, while not just creating a regular second
           | wave like most of the Western world?
        
           | intended wrote:
           | Yes. In hindsight this type of analysis is obviously
           | critical. Sadly it seems india only started focusing on
           | improving sequencing in December 2020.
        
             | divbzero wrote:
             | The US too [1] has been slow to implement large-scale
             | sequencing efforts. We have the technology to track the
             | virus more closely [2] [3] but seem oddly unhurried to
             | deploy it widely.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.statnews.com/2021/04/06/stem-the-pandemic-
             | nation...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-
             | updates/wast...
             | 
             | [3]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33468686/
        
           | mxcrossb wrote:
           | > evolve to be hyper-infectious in the local conditions
           | 
           | I've never heard that idea before, very interesting. I wonder
           | if we will figure out if certain mutations work "better" on
           | certain populations, environmental conditions, etc.
        
       | shubhamjain wrote:
       | The most puzzling thing about this wave is that even the young
       | aren't being spared. From the start of the pandemic, I assumed it
       | was patently clear that it's the old (>60 age) are vulnerable.
       | 
       | What I am seeing in Delhi is people from all walks of life
       | without any comorbidites succumbing to the disease - peoples in
       | 30s, 40s, and even 20s. Granted death rate of younger people
       | isn't absolute zero, but in India, it's happening way too often.
       | Could it be because of lack of hospital care? Maybe, it would
       | interesting to see death by age group for hospitalised patients.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, there's no way to investigate this since I don't
       | think there any publicly available data that shows deaths by age
       | group.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | > _What I am seeing in Delhi is people from all walks of life
         | without any comorbidites succumbing to the disease - peoples in
         | 30s, 40s, and even 20s._
         | 
         | Roughly 10% of people need hospitalization when infected with
         | COVID, and when hospitals are full, some of those people are
         | going to die when they wouldn't have had they received care.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | I think the 10% ratio against all infections will turn out to
           | be a significant overestimate.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | > Granted death rate of younger people isn't absolute zero, but
         | in India, it's happening way too often. Could it be because of
         | lack of hospital care
         | 
         | Lower standard of living, if not poverty, seems like the
         | simplest explanation. You're comparing the richest countries
         | with an emerging market country that has an astronomical number
         | of poor people. They'll have worse health outcomes in general.
         | Also, polution in India is terrible drom what I understand.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ummonk wrote:
         | A new variant arose that combines the Californian L452R
         | mutation with an E484Q mutation as well (similar to the E484K
         | mutation in the Brazilian and South African variants). It's not
         | really the same virus that hit India earlier.
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | second wave of Spanish flu was also shifted toward younger ages
         | (W-shape). May be some evolutionary dynamics - the second wave
         | is the strains which successfully outcompeted others. May be
         | also the protective measures like lockdowns/quarantines during
         | the first wave provide selection pressure for more virulence.
        
         | Syzygies wrote:
         | The virus uses our immune system against us. Think Aikido using
         | your opponent's strength, or a gravity assist for
         | interplanetary flight. A modern virus attack is higher order,
         | which is what makes designing vaccines so hard. Screw up, and
         | you're just helping the virus. Early variants of COVID-19 were
         | hardest on the old in part from weakness, but in part because
         | of a well-developed immune system to target.
         | 
         | Anyone who's been to India can see that even the young have
         | robust immune systems. Virus variants have finally dialed this
         | in.
         | 
         | Anyone who's been listening in on research seminars since the
         | pandemic start has heard many versions of this. Here is a
         | recent lay account:
         | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/11/09/how-the-corona...
        
           | Gauge_Irrahphe wrote:
           | Could the mRNA vaccines be used to convince the body to NOT
           | make antibodies?
        
         | wolfretcrap wrote:
         | Psychologically average Indian young person is more unhappy and
         | unstatisfied than ever, this is both because of lack of new
         | opportunities and employment and now Indians are able to see on
         | YouTube and compare living standards to people in foreign
         | countries, psychologically most Indians are devastated because
         | of this new found info.
         | 
         | When you are in doom and gloom state, probably immune system
         | also doesn't perform quite as well and it doesn't help that
         | even basic medicines and healthcare facilities are not
         | available to many of us in India now.
        
           | lambdaba wrote:
           | I don't know why you're being downvoted, but what you said
           | applies to everywhere not only India, of course chronic
           | stress means higher cortisol, which lowers immunity.
        
             | djmips wrote:
             | Because that's a constant and would have been present the
             | entire time and would not adequately explain why a second
             | wave would have more young people succumbing to the
             | disease.
        
               | wolfretcrap wrote:
               | During first wave, many people would have savings. After
               | that they expected recovery but now stuck in 2nd wave.
               | 
               | Price of things that people want have shot up
               | considerably while for most income source has dried up.
        
               | lambdaba wrote:
               | There have been numerous headlines in media about the
               | psychiatric illness epidemic resulting from social
               | distancing measures, and all the downstream effects of
               | the whole situation, including continuing uncertainty.
               | Common sense alone would tell you that mental health has
               | worsened since last year, particularly in those who were
               | already on the edge.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | There was a report today in the news here (Netherlands) that
         | more younger people are hospitalized as a percentage of the
         | total. This could mean many things, my guess here would be the
         | elderly are more and more vaccinated and thus less likely to
         | need ICU/Hospital care, but maybe there is more happening on a
         | global scale.
        
           | johnchristopher wrote:
           | In Belgium too. Younger people in ICU, don't remember about
           | comorbidities.
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | Obviously if one group is hospitalized less, another group
           | will be hospitalized more, as a percentage of the total.
           | 
           | You have to be careful not to end up with one old guy in the
           | hospital and stating 'wow 100% is male and old'. That's not a
           | useful statistic.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | Absolutely true, but the question remains if that is the
             | only cause which also muddies the numbers a bit if there
             | are different factors at play. I mentioned it as it is seen
             | elsewhere too and I think adds to the discussion.
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | You can't solve that question using these statistics. You
               | need to carefully define your question and then look up
               | the data. A lot of it actually is available!
        
         | x3iv130f wrote:
         | Being infected isn't a binary thing. There is a big difference
         | from swallowing 30 Coronavirus particles from touching your
         | face to breathing in 300,000 from someone coughing in your
         | face.
         | 
         | If you're young the first is probably a mild cold while the
         | latter is a trip to the ICU.
         | 
         | Part of bringing the virus under control is reducing the amount
         | of particles people are exposed to so they have a better chance
         | of fighting off the virus.
        
           | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
           | How do you know?
           | 
           | It depends on how fast the virus population doubles. And how
           | fast the immune system kicks in.
           | 
           | If the virus population doubles every second then the person
           | who swallowed 30 virus particles will be at 300,000 in just
           | 14 seconds.
           | 
           | If it doubles once per minute, it is 14 minutes. If it
           | doubles once per hour, it is 14 hours.
           | 
           | The question if that is a meaningful headstart depends on how
           | fast the immune system reacts. And if it reacts faster to
           | 300k viruses than to 30.
        
             | sateesh wrote:
             | Won't the immune system acts better when it gets infected
             | by 30 (say) virus particles than swamped by 300k viruses
             | (say).So my guess (as layman) is when infected with 30
             | viruses the growth might not be as uncontrollable (doubling
             | per second). I think the virus load indeed matters too.
        
             | corty wrote:
             | It doesn't only react faster, it will react differently. Up
             | to a reaction called "sepsis" that can kill you even
             | without the virus doing anything anymore. Research points
             | to most covid complications being such (there are lots
             | more, the immune system is the worst kind of spaghetti code
             | you can imagine) massive immune reactions gone haywire.
             | 
             | I'm not saying you are right or wrong. I'm saying that
             | immune reactions aren't linear, straightforward, harmless
             | or predictable. And that "more virus" usually isn't better.
        
               | berkes wrote:
               | As a type1 diabetic, I love the 'spagetticode' reference.
               | Our biology is amazingly complex. And in a somewhat
               | constant broken state. My immune system decided that
               | crucial pieces of my own body, are dangerous invaders,
               | and it then decided to attack it. The attack is ongoing,
               | and successful: a crucial subroutine of me is being
               | destroyed faster than another part of me can rewrite it.
        
             | silverpepsi wrote:
             | >If the virus population doubles every second then the
             | person who swallowed 30 virus particles will be at 300,000
             | in just 14 seconds
             | 
             | That was also my intuitive response at the beginning of the
             | pandemic. I assume one virus was plenty due to exponential
             | growth. Having read every article I could in the past year,
             | it's extremely rare to run across any details but:
             | 
             | 1. I've read that scientists believe a coronavirus takes
             | hundreds of viruses to successfully infect us. Not, for
             | example, several dozen like some other viruses.
             | 
             | 2. Next obvious question to me is, is this because one has
             | to land on a lucky spot on the body and the rest somehow
             | die before they can reproduce (so it's statistical odds
             | that one virus gets the conditions it needs just like one
             | sperm makes it to the egg)? Or can the body fight off a
             | dozen or two dozen covid19 viruses so quickly that they
             | never take hold? I only see two possibilities here.
             | 
             | 3. If it is the latter, an answer I can't find anywhere,
             | why did we need to waste so much time developing a vaccine?
             | Wouldn't it be equally efficacious to introduce one virus
             | to the body on day one, four on day two, and so on until
             | immunity is achieved? Evidence of this possibility would be
             | mixed in with the population they believe are asymptomatic,
             | so unless researchers look for this they won't find it.
             | (Basically a natural immunity hypothesis - based on
             | repeated low viral count exposure.)
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | What you are referring to is the viral load. How much
               | does it take to make you really ill. It matters because
               | your body can fight a few dozen virus cells more readily
               | that it can a few thousand. Sure it can make more
               | antibodies but they take time, time the virus has to
               | replicate, so now you need more antibodies, and yiu
               | aren't exactly sure which ones work.
               | 
               | https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4763
        
               | Zanni wrote:
               | That's called variolation [0], and it was floated early
               | on by some pundits, but not seriously. It faces the same
               | sort of pushback as challenge trials.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variolation
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | Sort of. Variolation also involved intentionally
               | inoculating with a naturally occurring less deadly
               | strain. Also, introducing intentional Covid infections in
               | a naive population would likely infect many contacts of
               | the inoculated patients before they got inoculated, which
               | would defeat the purpose.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | A virus that doubled in a second would be perceived as a
               | swarm that dissolved people before our eyes as it quickly
               | ate the biomass of the planet. Think 2^86400 in one day.
               | Fortunately it would need faster than light travel to
               | keep replicating at that rate for long.
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | Why would it need ftl?
               | 
               | Aren't all the doublings local?
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | I'm assuming it would consume all local mass shortly.
        
               | beowulfey wrote:
               | to your last question--when we develop a vaccine or
               | treatment, it's about making sure as many people as
               | possible get the minimum degree of protection with the
               | least amount of risk. giving live virus is a tremendous
               | risk, even if you found a way to just give one particle
               | at a time effectively.
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | > If it is the latter, an answer I can't find anywhere,
               | why did we need to waste so much time developing a
               | vaccine? Wouldn't it be equally efficacious to introduce
               | one virus to the body on day one, four on day two, and so
               | on until immunity is achieved?
               | 
               | Introducing the virus like this, you've created a live
               | virus vaccine. The work involved in creating and testing
               | such a vaccine isn't really any less than creating the
               | vaccines we did make. You still have to develop
               | technology to grow the virus and distribute exactly the
               | right quantity. Moreover, the risk of complications is
               | far greater if someone fails to fight off the small viral
               | load infection.
               | 
               | The vaccines such as Moderna only took a week or two to
               | prototype in January 2020. The entire rest of the time
               | was scaling up production and running tests to prove it
               | worked in the population. We could have skipped running
               | the trials and deployed the untested vaccine instead. A
               | lot of lives would have been saved but no way to know
               | that without doing the trials, I suppose.
        
             | bumbada wrote:
             | A very important thing is the topology of the infection. I
             | had COVID last year and it progressed linearly over time,
             | from the back of my nose(probably from a big water droplet
             | I breathed)forwards(towards my nose) and downwards towards
             | my lungs. I could measure the progress day after day.
             | 
             | It progressed linearly because the breathing system is a
             | duct. Like a fire needs a boundary to expand, a frontier.
             | It is not 3D but 2 dimensional.
             | 
             | You just can not do an exponential calculation, without
             | taking into account the physical limits of the environment.
             | 
             | Just before entering the lungs I did beat it. I coughed for
             | a month or so,specially for the irritation in my glottis,
             | but nothing serious.
             | 
             | This year I got it again, the progress rate was very
             | similar but my immune system reacted sooner.
             | 
             | What is interesting is that I did not developed antibodies,
             | my antibodies test were negative but the PCRs positives.
             | This means that my T cells were already fighting the
             | infection.
             | 
             | That probably had something to do with living in China in
             | the past and having developed immunity against SARS.
        
               | thro1 wrote:
               | > Just before entering the lungs I did beat it.
               | 
               | How long it took / how fast it progressed from one drop
               | almost to lungs (with what treatment)?
               | 
               | Do you think this could have helped early in your case:
               | 
               |  _Use of Povidone Iodine Nasal Spray.._ https://papers.ss
               | rn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3563092 (March 2020)
               | 
               | or this: _nasal rinse and mouthwash, Listerine
               | Antiseptic_ https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26514 if the
               | virus landed on the throat ?
        
               | javagram wrote:
               | > That probably had something to do with living in China
               | in the past and having developed immunity against SARS.
               | 
               | Only about 8000 persons have been recorded to come down
               | with SARS. Were you one of them with a diagnosed case of
               | SARS (10% fatality rate)? The vast majority of residents
               | in China would have no exposure to SARS.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | Viral reproduction rate is not that fast. It's about 8 to
             | 72 hours depending on the type of virus. This is why low
             | viral load is generally associated with milder disease
             | outcomes, the body has a significantly longer time to
             | generate an immune response before the viral load becomes
             | significant.
        
               | raphaelj wrote:
               | Parent was referring to the doubling rate.
               | 
               | Cells produce more than one additional particule per
               | reproduction cycle, so the doubling rate is lower than 8
               | to 72h.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | You absolutely don't know that. Disease severity vs.
           | contaminant load correlation is unknown.
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | You are right, but in the early phase of the pandemic this
             | was raised by medics in the UK as a reason why some of them
             | were dying. The pathology mentioned then was that a
             | cytokine storm got kicked off in people with strong immune
             | systems exposed to high load. This prompted changes in PPE
             | for hospital staff - from light gear that would be worn in
             | the face of flu patients (of whom, as we know some 1000's
             | are hospitalised and die every year) to the space suit
             | style gear that is now used in ICUs with COVID. If you are
             | young and nursing a bunch of relatives at home it's
             | reasonable to say that you are effectively exposed to ICU
             | risks without ICU gear.
        
             | celticninja wrote:
             | https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4763
        
           | squaredisk wrote:
           | It makes logical sense, is there any study to support this
        
         | hesarenu wrote:
         | Maybe better healthcare. Kerala case fatality ratio is around
         | 0.3 that is many times better than other states.
        
           | sn41 wrote:
           | One feature of the Kerala case, which does not get discussed
           | much, is that the load is more or less evenly distributed
           | throughout all the districts. This makes it easier to handle
           | critical cases well.
        
           | lenkite wrote:
           | Kerala setup 23 Oxygen plants - most of them setup in the
           | last year. It is now exporting oxygen to the other Covid-hit
           | states. The vast majority of beds now have oxygen supply -
           | even all medical colleges.
           | 
           | People actually planned and did things right in Kerala. No
           | one did so at the capital.
        
             | hesarenu wrote:
             | But if the number of cases increases its very difficult to
             | manage. Recent reports indicate Kerala might face shortage.
             | Karnataka which also had enough oxygen can face a deficit
             | in coming days if the cases keep up.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | There is so much focus on oxygen, but is scaling healthcare
             | facilities actually a solution?
             | 
             | It seems that even in rich countries hospital capacity is
             | overwhelmed as soon as infection rate is out of control.
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | No, because a significant proportion of people who enter
               | the hospital (and especially intensive care) will still
               | die, even with proper care.
               | 
               | The biggest problem is that it is a really tough sell if
               | you run out of capacity. Even if it would be better to
               | use that capacity for other cases.
        
           | dilawar wrote:
           | Someone who is from UP and lived in Kerala for few months,
           | that state is world apart in terms of basic facilities. I
           | mean computers in primary school (not to mention Linux)!!! In
           | U.P., you won't find teachers teaching in most scholls.
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | How were they able to achieve this?
        
           | jeswin wrote:
           | I've lived in Kerala for twenty years. Can attest to this
           | being due to better healthcare. There's also very little
           | underreporting of deaths happening (my sister's a doctor
           | directly involved with the government effort).
           | 
           | It's a bit like Cuba, with the Communist past and
           | healthcare/life-expectancy that stands out (compared to say,
           | per-capita income which is average).
        
           | aneeshnl wrote:
           | And we used the calm times to ramp up the infrastructure. But
           | if cases are rising beyond control, this will fail too.
        
         | pas wrote:
         | Or simply a lot more young people are exposed.
        
         | prestigious wrote:
         | It's not puzzling it's because the so called "double mutant"
         | variant is common there. It affects younger people more. It is
         | escaped into my city Vancouver and kept death rates high
         | despite our old people being vaccinated. This variant is
         | stronger and more spreadable.
         | 
         | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/this-doub...
        
         | girishso wrote:
         | I am from India and this is just a personal theory based on
         | interactions with my doctor and pharmacist friends. Most
         | Indians are dying because of lack of medicines and oxygen, and
         | it's due to the inept Indian government.
        
           | ahurmazda wrote:
           | I am hearing the same. Cases that would have been treated
           | with O2 and dex are otherwise turning into fatalities. There
           | was very little health-system to begin with. Now it's just a
           | humanitarian disaster.
        
           | tasuki wrote:
           | I heard once someone needs oxygen, their chances aren't all
           | that great anyway. Something like 65% I think?
        
             | arcticfox wrote:
             | Even so, what would be their chances _without_ oxygen? You
             | might easily be doubling the overall death rate without it
        
             | krcz wrote:
             | Are you sure that statistic wasn't for ventilators, not
             | oxygen?
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | Maybe it's a very mutated strain?
        
           | truth_ wrote:
           | There is no such thing as "very mutated". Something is either
           | mutated or not.
           | 
           | Your comment goes aligned with the governement propaganda
           | that this is happening only due to the more dangerous strain.
           | I would agree with it if people were dying AFTER GETTING
           | proper medical care. You cannot solely blame the mutation as
           | people are dying without any treatment. It's the dismal
           | healthcare system and the governments who should be blamed.
           | We are not seeing a surge of death among patients with this
           | strain in UK, and US.
           | 
           | The central government's hubris, and every government's not
           | listening to the experts, behaving relaxed which are to
           | blame.
        
             | comex wrote:
             | It's certainly possible for one strain to have more
             | mutations than another (relative to the variant that
             | initially spread in China), though that doesn't necessarily
             | correlate with dangerousness.
        
             | jowdones wrote:
             | >> There is no such thing as "very mutated". Something is
             | either mutated or not.
             | 
             | Well if there are 1 billion genes and one virus strain has
             | 1 mutated gene while another virus has 1,000,000 mutated
             | genes then the latter is "very mutated".
             | 
             | Like a white human and a black human are somewhat mutated
             | relative to each other but both humans are "very mutated"
             | as compared to a chimpanzee. Although 98% humans and
             | chimpanzees are the same animal, let's call it humpanzee.
        
             | hesarenu wrote:
             | The cases spiked after April. If it was not mutation the
             | total number of active cases would have still going up from
             | last October. Active cases suddenly dropped from October
             | with no good factors to indicate why it dropped.
             | 
             | I have been to 3 wedding after the drop. Almost no one was
             | wearing mask. As far i know govt was still asking people to
             | wear mask. There were major Hindu festivals after October
             | and coming winter were everyone was worried the cases would
             | rise. Did the virus simply hide and rose rapidly?
        
               | Sathi wrote:
               | I also observed this - the slow rise from end-Feb to end-
               | Mar and then the sudden very very steep rise in covid
               | positive cases from end-Mar.
               | 
               | In India, people started opening up during Sep/Oct 2020.
               | I too relaxed the strict restrictions/rules that I was,
               | till then, sticking to. Went to restaurants with friends
               | and teammates (with masks wherever possible) and many
               | people were doing inter-state travels, political events
               | started happening, many festivals/gatherings started
               | happening etc. Life was returning to normal. My important
               | observation is that from then (Sep/Oct 2020) onwards,
               | lots and lots of people were not following covid
               | protocols properly. Social distancing was not followed.
               | Many people did not even put on masks. Am not sure why,
               | but even with all these behaviours which should result in
               | increasing covid positive numbers, the covid positive
               | numbers were continuously going down. I think it hit
               | bottom during second half of Feb 2021.
               | 
               | And then the numbers started to rise - slowly from end-
               | Feb to end-Mar and then suddenly very very steeply rise
               | from end-Mar 2021. And by mid-Apr 2021, things got very
               | alarming. Most of my circle of friends knew that
               | generally the second wave will hit harder than the first.
               | But we also that because vaccination has been going on
               | for 2 or 2.5 months by then, it can help. The strictest
               | (to follow the restrictions) among my friends also
               | started to loosen up a bit. The previous reports that the
               | second wave will hit us during Jan/Feb did not come true.
               | So, we were hoping that there won't be a second wave.
               | Even the US thought that they can start banning the
               | export of raw materials needed for the production of
               | vaccines in India.
               | 
               | So, I do not know if anyone predicted (with numbers to
               | backup their estimates) that the case load will be this
               | bad during Apr 2021. The second wave caught lots of us by
               | surprise. But I believe, like the US and UK survived
               | their second waves and are doing pretty well now, India
               | too will hopefully emerge better and stronger.
        
               | hesarenu wrote:
               | I returned to Bangalore on April when cases were barely
               | going up, Vaccine drive was the way and all seemed good.
               | And now were are in a lockdown!.
        
               | sateesh wrote:
               | * >> But I believe, like the US and UK survived their
               | second waves and are doing pretty well now, India too
               | will hopefully emerge better and stronger. *
               | 
               | and scarred. Some of the stories I read in newspapers,
               | and heard are gut wrenching; reports like families losing
               | more than one person in quick succession, quite young
               | folks dying.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | mrintegrity wrote:
         | I was in India ~10 years ago, upon entering the airport i was
         | shocked to see smoke everywhere and assumed there had been some
         | kind of fire. Nope, i was seeing the air, i could see the
         | normal air _inside_ the airport terminal. Pollution is a huge
         | problem in Delhi which surely contributes to bad covid
         | outcomes.
        
           | ngcc_hk wrote:
           | It was like that 20 years ago. You can see the pollution.
        
           | fractalb wrote:
           | The air pollution was there even the last year. But, the
           | situation was not this bad. Surely the air pollution is a
           | problem, but there must me more to the current crisis which
           | was not there last year.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | The air quality was bad for the first wave (H2 2020) as well
           | though, so it can't be helping, but it can't be what's
           | causing this second wave to be such a catastrophe.
        
           | Zenst wrote:
           | That was my thought, though the whole nutritional aspect of
           | diet may also play a factor.
           | 
           | I wanted to find a map of Indian pollution averages, pull
           | that up and a map of covid deaths -
           | https://aqicn.org/map/india/ does real-time air-quality and
           | does give some idea.
           | 
           | Also other factors that may or may not play a part would be
           | the climate, we know how well virus's do in winter over
           | summer, equally peoples health. Now India climate wise - the
           | only difference that sticks out this time of year would be
           | that on average the humidity is at it's lowest point of the
           | year, as is rainfall. Are they factors, maybe and equally
           | less rain would also mean more particulates in the air and
           | that we can measure with air quality.
           | 
           | [EDIT ADD] AS for nutritional - let us be mindful that the
           | impact of a whole year upon business and income in India may
           | well of seen peoples nutritional intake decline due to
           | trickle down economics being quick to pass on the bad times
           | over the good, and for many income wise this year not been
           | good and not everybody gets paid to stay at home in every
           | country.
        
           | Clewza313 wrote:
           | You always can tell you're about to land in Delhi because you
           | can smell the air _before you touch down_.
           | 
           | That said, I don't think this alone is an explanation, since
           | COVID is currently also tearing through Indian cities like
           | Bangalore where air quality is better. (Not good, mind you,
           | but nowhere near as bad.)
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | > You always can tell you're about to land in Delhi because
             | you can smell the air before you touch down.
             | 
             | What a great description. It sounds like Terry Pratchett
             | describing Ankh-Morpork.
        
         | herbst wrote:
         | Not sure what virus (or rather media) you witnessed, but just
         | because the death rate was rather low with younger people never
         | ment the infection rate was too. Long covid is much more evenly
         | distributed between age classes for example
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | I mean, the current accounts suggest the entire reason hospital
         | care is being denied to some is because there is no room.
         | 
         | When we have seen total healthcare breakdowns (Wuhan, Italy,
         | NYC, etc.) the efficiency of hospital care drops like a rock
         | due to both overstressed medical staff and the staff themselves
         | also catching COVID. I would expect India to follow the same
         | pattern, but exacerbated by the lack of capacity.
        
           | dantheman wrote:
           | NYC didn't have a healthcare breakdown, it did send covid
           | positive people to nursing homes.
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | WSJ, March 26 2020: https://www.wsj.com/articles/hospital-
             | capacity-crosses-tippi...
             | 
             | > New York, home to the nation's largest outbreak of
             | Covid-19, the illness caused by the new coronavirus, is
             | rushing to build a temporary hospital in a Manhattan
             | conference center in the hope of staying ahead of the fast-
             | spreading disease.
             | 
             | > Hospitals in parts of New York City have become so full
             | of critically ill patients that they have steered
             | ambulances elsewhere. The full-to-capacity morgue at
             | Elmhurst Hospital in Queens is using a refrigerated truck
             | to hold some of the dead. Thirteen people died in the
             | hospital in the last 24 hours, said NYC Health + Hospitals,
             | which operates Elmhurst.
        
               | GavinMcG wrote:
               | Having _some_ hospitals be full is not a system-wide
               | breakdown. Even before COVID emergency rooms would be
               | "on diversion" when particularly busy, and ambulances
               | would go elsewhere.
        
               | hprotagonist wrote:
               | For about 4-5 hours at a time,max, and believe you me it
               | wreaked utter hell on my nights in the back of the
               | ambulance when it happened.
        
               | GavinMcG wrote:
               | Mine too!
        
               | nojito wrote:
               | No patients were ever turned away at NYC hospitals. There
               | is a highly sophisticated patient transfer system in NYC.
               | 
               | Morgue capacity makes sense simply because of the
               | population who was coming down with COVID at the time.
        
             | mandis wrote:
             | NYC sent the elderly, covid positive people to nursing
             | homes, where they died. Is that not a breakdown?
        
               | atat7024 wrote:
               | According to...well, everyone, that was a NYS thing, not
               | NYC specifically.
        
               | napier wrote:
               | More broadly it was a nationwide CDC advisory and not
               | only that, the same shuffling of elderly infected back
               | into nursing facilities happened in countries across the
               | (mostly western) world. Probably based on shared
               | implementations of policy briefing/ pandemic planning
               | documents.
        
               | votepaunchy wrote:
               | The order by Governor Cuomo sending infected patients
               | into nursing homes was preemptive, which then led to
               | strain on the health care system.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_COVID-19_nursing
               | _ho...
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | It's worse because then they go and infect the rest of
               | that vulnerable group.
               | 
               | I can understand not being able to treat them but at
               | least isolate them...
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | It very much depends on the definition of breakdown. Some
             | people see a breakdown if hospitals run out of beds, others
             | will pretty much never accept there is a breakdown in
             | health care because it's contrary to their conviction that
             | COVID-19 is 'just a flu'. To be fair, it's a continuum,
             | there's not going to be an easily agreed fine line between
             | broken down and not broken down. So the real question is,
             | what constitutes the health care system breaking down, and
             | did that happen in NY.
             | 
             | Without agreement on that though, we're just shouting at
             | each other.
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | Let me add one data point: Hungary has currently the highest
           | mortality for covid-19 in the world, and still currently
           | higher than India, for apparently the same reason, healthcare
           | over capacity.
           | 
           | (The trend is different though, there's hope)
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | I would not believe any numbers coming out of India right
             | now. I have family in the medical field and they all agree
             | that deaths are underreported by a factor of 5-10 based on
             | where you are located. The FT did a story on it as well
             | that showed the deaths were grossly undereeported
        
               | KumarAseem wrote:
               | Yes, correct. The govt reporting of every figure is less
               | by a factor anywhere from 10-50, or maybe even more as
               | well. The ground reality in India is way worse than what
               | even the media is able to show. And, at present no light
               | in the tunnel. Heart cries at this but it is us at fault
               | only for putting such incompetent people at the helm.
        
               | Gauge_Irrahphe wrote:
               | India reports 155 deaths per million. Hungary is at
               | 2,874.
        
               | data_acquired wrote:
               | The cases are being under-reported too. The question is
               | whether deaths are being under-reported to a greater
               | degree than cases. Even the test-positivity rates vary
               | from state to state not only because of the extent of
               | infection in different states but also because some
               | states contact-trace and test while others don't. Its a
               | mess. And to see people try to fit models to this data
               | and fight amongst each other is darkly hilarious.
               | 
               | Plus, at least in the first wave in Bangalore (where I
               | grew up), there were no instances of crematoriums melting
               | down and such. So the under-reporting of deaths was
               | likely not as bad in the first wave as it is right now,
               | but the under-reporting of cases was certainly quite
               | large as testing capacity took a while to come online.
        
         | mulvya wrote:
         | The CFR in Mumbai is half that of earlier waves.
         | 
         | See https://postimg.cc/Xpn7hthc
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | Delhi looks more severely affected, likely due to its air
         | pollution. See https://aqicn.org/city/delhi/
        
           | petertodd wrote:
           | Delhi weather is also extremely hot right now, with highs of
           | over 40degC, and lows of at least 30degC, six out of seven
           | days a week. While it's a dry heat, heat stroke might still
           | be a factor in the higher death rates.
        
           | gkcgautam wrote:
           | I'm from India. I extremely doubt that the air pollution has
           | anything to do with this. Our healthcare system has
           | completely collapsed. People are struggling to find medical
           | oxygen and are dying outside hospitals without getting any
           | care. Hospital are literally begging for oxygen on Twitter
           | every single day. Significant number of these could've been
           | saved if the Government had prepared for this by improving
           | the healthcare infra. Instead they overconfidently declared
           | victory, kept on hiding data, organized religious and
           | political rallies. The worst is that it has just gotten
           | started and would keep getting worse in the coming days.
        
             | techrat wrote:
             | A disease that affects peoples' breathing and you don't
             | think air pollution has anything to do with how severely
             | the outbreak has affected people?
        
             | ngcc_hk wrote:
             | At least 2 car factories stopped to let oxygen to hosiptal.
        
               | gkcgautam wrote:
               | The Maruti Suzuki plant shutdown is from May 1 to 9.
               | Which means it's starting from today and hasn't provided
               | any of their oxygen to hospitals so far. Too little, too
               | late.
        
             | lenkite wrote:
             | Delhi has screwed up badly. In the South Indian states, in
             | Karnataka and especially Kerala, Oxygen is well
             | provisioned. Karnataka is also ramping up further everyday.
             | Looks like someone in the Delhi state govt forgot capacity
             | planning.
        
             | mulvya wrote:
             | At this stage, it's evident that the primary mode of SARS-
             | Cov-2 transmission is through aerosols, not droplets nor
             | fomites.
             | 
             | The level of air pollution affects the duration of
             | suspension of bioaerosols as well as the performance of the
             | innate immune system. Low humidity is also linked to higher
             | transmission.
             | 
             | See
             | 
             | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.21249249
             | v... https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.202
             | 15236v... https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.0
             | 7.20057216v...
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | The level of air pollution is relatively the same now as
               | it was last year for the first wave though. The air
               | pollution isn't helping things but if it were that one
               | thing, why would the second wave look any different from
               | the first?
        
               | mulvya wrote:
               | > The level of air pollution is relatively the same now
               | as it was last year for the first wave though.
               | 
               | No, they are not. See table 1 of
               | https://www.orfonline.org/research/air-pollution-delhi-
               | filli... - it hit a low point in October, but was much
               | better during lockdown and relatively better post-
               | lockdown although trending towards worse levels.
        
         | pfranz wrote:
         | Chris Christie spoke about when he got Covid prepping for the
         | debate. 7 people contracted Covid during that prep session. He
         | got it the worst, the second worst was Donald Trump, the next
         | worse was Hope Hicks who was in her early 30s and a daily
         | runner.
         | 
         | http://tal.fm/736 about 49 minutes in
        
           | 2sk21 wrote:
           | Exactly - the enormous population of India means that there
           | are definitely going to be huge numbers of younger people who
           | scum to the disease. Straightforward arithmetic.
        
             | Clewza313 wrote:
             | *succumb
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | "If only 1.7m tests are being conducted per day, what can that
       | 386,000 really mean? Is it that 0.0004% of the country has come
       | down with the virus since yesterday, or that nearly 23% did?
       | Obviously, the true number lies between those absurd extremes,
       | but who knows where?"
       | 
       | Why is there not a proper estimate on how big a part of the
       | population is infected? And with which strains? Surely with a
       | randomized, representative survey you could find this out,
       | instead of all this speculation? It also would give authorities
       | better grounds for their decisions.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | > _It also would give authorities better grounds for their
         | decisions._
         | 
         | The authorities need to do those studies or commission them.
         | Instead, the authorities are busy politicising vaccine
         | distributions (vote us in for free vaccines) [0] and polarising
         | on religious fault lines.
         | 
         | The country has gone to the wolves.
         | 
         | [0] https://archive.is/dNYo4
        
         | throwawaysea wrote:
         | In general it is quite hard to get accurate representative
         | samples if there is an unknown or high degree of variance
         | between locations (are you scaling up the right samples to
         | arrive at an accurate estimate). As for knowing which strains,
         | that would certainly be useful but it requires significant
         | sequencing infrastructure, which is not easy to scale up. The
         | Washington Post noted
         | (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/04/29/india-
         | surge-...) that India is #102 among nations in sequencing per
         | capita. It notes:
         | 
         | > Sequencing takes a high level of infrastructure and funding.
         | India, which spent very little per capita on health care before
         | the pandemic, has not been able to quickly make the investments
         | to scale up, said Gupta.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | If I understand your calculation, it seems like the lower bound
         | is around 0.03%, not 0.0004%.
        
       | FriendlyNormie wrote:
       | You are so completely and utterly full of shit. You are just
       | making a bunch of random guesses at some symptoms you had.
       | Seriously shut the fuck up.
        
       | rzz3 wrote:
       | Is there a paywall bypass for this? I wish HN would ban links
       | that require payment/registration.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | If there's a workaround, it's allowed. Users usually post
         | workarounds in the thread.
         | 
         | This is in the FAQ at https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html
         | and there's more explanation here:
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10178989
        
         | pabs3 wrote:
         | No JS, no cookies works for the Economist, or you can use an
         | extension for paywall bypass:
         | 
         | https://github.com/iamadamdev/bypass-paywalls-chrome
        
         | Clewza313 wrote:
         | https://archive.is/2021.05.01-051853/https://www.economist.c...
        
         | sumedh wrote:
         | Do you also work for free?
         | 
         | If you cannot pay, just dont read the article or use some
         | workarounds.
        
         | spikels wrote:
         | For this and many sites that rely on JS for their paywall try
         | putting remove-js.com/ in front of the URL like this:
         | 
         | https://remove-js.com/https://www.economist.com/diary/2021/0...
        
           | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
           | wow this is such a cool hack
        
       | blueblisters wrote:
       | The demand for oxygen in the National Capital Region and
       | surrounding North Indian states brings up an important question -
       | is respiratory distress worsened due to air pollution? I hope
       | researchers are studying this because, if true, this could be a
       | potential trigger to ramp up the need to tackle air pollution now
       | rather than kicking the can down the road.
       | 
       | I have a feeling air pollution is not that important politically
       | because people haven't felt adverse health effects in the short
       | term.
        
         | HotVector wrote:
         | My asthma flares up everytime I go to Bangalore, forget Delhi.
         | There is merit to this idea.
        
         | op03 wrote:
         | Mumbai has been hit quite badly too.
         | 
         | I have a feeling everyone in the districts lands up in Indian
         | cities during such events cause the district/block level health
         | care facilities in India are a crap shoot.
         | 
         | According to the sustainability dev goals India has 10 docs per
         | 10k ppl. 30 per 10k if you include nurses and other support
         | staff.
         | 
         | What can anyone do with such numbers when the tsunami hits
         | other than say send the patient to the nearest city with the
         | most resources.
        
           | AmIDev wrote:
           | > I have a feeling everyone in the districts lands up in
           | Indian cities during such events cause the district/block
           | level health care facilities in India are a crap shoot.
           | 
           | While this is true, the opposite is also happening, where
           | people from Mumbai/Pune are being admitted to hospitals in
           | smaller cities where beds _might_ be available. Patients from
           | Mumbai, Pune, Goa, and other neighbouring districts have been
           | reported in my district.
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | Good point. Last year when the north of Italy was particularly
         | affected it was during a huge air pollution episode. At the
         | time I had heard particulate pollution helps the virus
         | circulate, but maybe it also worsen the symptoms.
        
         | publicola1990 wrote:
         | It is possible, Delhi has one of the worst air qualities of
         | major cities. It could be a factor in the disease progression
         | in Delhi.
        
       | thweor234234 wrote:
       | Oh ffs, stop it with this fear porn already.
       | 
       | The state got rid of a lot of the previous makeshift facilities
       | from last year, and this is the reason for this sudden crunch.
       | 
       | India's death's rate is ~10-20x lower than that in the US. Of
       | course, you'll have the innumerate "conspiracy" idiots who claim
       | 10x deaths, and you have the occident which is _obsessed_ with
       | the failures of non-Western countries to prove to itself of its
       | self-worth.
       | 
       | Then there are the Anglo leftovers of the British colonial
       | administration who form the elite-ruling class of India. These
       | morons have all the more reason to spread terror and doom about
       | the native "heathens".
       | 
       | Really makes you wonder why humanity is in this state, where
       | every moron has turned into a apocalypse doomer. I suppose,
       | instead of research into "Artificial" Intelligence, we need to
       | consider ways to make Humans intelligent.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | I still tend to think that this can most easily be explained by
       | the fact that India hadn't been hit hard up until now and that a
       | lot of people started to believe magical theories about how they
       | were immune, and now we're just seeing the virus ripping through
       | high population density cities and overwhelming the health care
       | system.
       | 
       | If you want to talk about variants, though, then there's a couple
       | of things to consider. The first is that the "avirulence" theory
       | that pathogens evolve to become less virulent over time was
       | pretty decisively falsified in the 90s, so forget everything you
       | think you know about that idea being true. There is a fairly
       | well-studied tradeoff which has replaced that between
       | transmission, virulence and in-host viral replication. That
       | doesn't suggest the direction of evolution though. However, there
       | have been studies of incomplete vaccination and immunity which
       | suggests that it actually works to increase selection pressure
       | for higher transmission variants and for virulence. This
       | intuitively makes sense since as, say, half the population has
       | immunity that increases the pressure on the virus to increase its
       | fundamental transmissibility since an R0 of 3.0 will no longer be
       | anywhere near as effective -- and the mechanism to do so is to
       | just increase viral load and thereby increase virulence and kill
       | more infected.
       | 
       | And this may have been observed in 1918 with the more lethal
       | later waves of the pandemic which affected younger people. That
       | virus later evolved into seasonal influenza, probably as a result
       | of widespread immunity producing pressure for immune escape
       | variants which came at an overall cost to fitness by mutating all
       | the epitopes on the surface proteins so that it could re-infect
       | already immune individuals. That will probably happen here as
       | well, there'll be a limit to how virulent and transmissibile this
       | virus can get and it'll have to start making costlier immune
       | escaping mutations eventually -- but in the short term I wouldn't
       | be too surprised if we start to see a lot of dead younger people
       | in third world nations that don't have as much access to vaccines
       | going forward.
       | 
       | But at any rate, none of this particularly matters. The lesson is
       | still all the same which is to lockdown and avoid catching and
       | spreading the virus until you have a chance to get vaccinated.
       | Which is what it has been all along. People still try to argue
       | with the virus and engage in magical thinking about how certain
       | populations have magical immunity to it, but that continues to
       | keep getting falsified. India most likely just got lucky that
       | they didn't get hit early, then the prior wave they had was their
       | "seeding" wave which was likely just tamped down by people
       | voluntarily taking precautions. Then based on their success
       | everyone dropped their guard and thought it would all be over in
       | 2021 and the virus just took advantage of that.
       | 
       | People in the US who are vaccine-hesitant should also consider
       | that if they've managed to not catch it so far and develop any
       | immunity that you really want to avoid rolling the dice with
       | later versions of the virus. Also it should be noted that while
       | the virus kills a lot more people over 80 that the doubling rate
       | of fatalities is every 8 years of age while the doubling rate of
       | hospitalization is only ever 15 years -- so a 40 year old person
       | is 32 times less likely to die than an 80 year old, but they're
       | only 6 times less likely to be hospitalized (although it falls
       | off a cliff once people get under-20 and the very young are much
       | less likely to be hospitalized). The way that American culture is
       | so focused on our mortality to the exclusion of all other
       | outcomes means that we're heavily discounting the possibility
       | that we could survive the virus but be physically crippled by it.
       | 
       | > "Virulence evolution and the trade-off hypothesis: history,
       | current state of affairs and the future." >
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1420-9101...
       | 
       | > "The Origin and Virulence of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza
       | Virus" > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720273/
        
       | known wrote:
       | God save Indians from Modi regime; He is charging 28% TAX on
       | vaccine;
        
       | known wrote:
       | People are 'morally' corrupt by birth due to
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)
        
         | divtiwari wrote:
         | Lol, now we attacking Hinduism for spreading of Corona?
         | Expected something like this tbh. :)
        
           | revendell_elf wrote:
           | HN has racists too it seems.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Religious or nationalistic flamewar will get you banned here,
           | regardless of how wrong someone else is or you feel they are.
           | No more of this, please.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We've warned you repeatedly not to use HN for political,
         | national, or religious flamewar. Since your account has shifted
         | into using HN primarily for that, I've banned it. I hate to ban
         | an account that's been here since 2007, but what you're doing
         | is clearly an abuse.
         | 
         | If you don't want to be banned, you're welcome to email
         | hn@ycombinator.com and give us reason to believe that you'll
         | follow the rules in the future.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | known wrote:
       | "He who will not reason is a bigot; he who cannot is a fool; and
       | he who dares not is a slave" --Sir William Drummond
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Narendra_Modi
        
       | NicoJuicy wrote:
       | A friend went to a presentation about covid.
       | 
       | There they said that lead in the air ( eg. Car heavy cities) had
       | a direct consequences on covid particles that get more and deeper
       | into your body.
       | 
       | So cases there would be more severe.
       | 
       | ( It's 6 months ago that i heared it and didn't hear any research
       | about it. It does make sense when India has it worse)
        
       | bsaul wrote:
       | i've heard many people talk about the catastrophic situation in
       | india, and yet i see numbers of 4k deaths a day.
       | 
       | Which is a lot, but still way below what for example france had
       | at the pic last year ( 1k a day, for a 60 millions people
       | country).
       | 
       | Is there something i'm missing ?
        
         | sumedh wrote:
         | The 4k number is the official number which you cannot trust, it
         | will be more than that, some comments here are saying its 2x -
         | 5x the official number.
        
       | vinay_ys wrote:
       | One explanation I heard from a doctor recently is this:
       | 
       | the younger population is infected/affected more this time
       | because they have been infected and has been asymptomatic or mild
       | all these months and with that the virus has mutated more amongst
       | younger people. So the second wave is affecting the younger
       | population much more intensely this time than before.
       | 
       | I don't know how scientific this explanation is.
       | 
       | My own gut thinking is that lockdown nowhere nearly as effective
       | this time as last year. Even simple social mechanics that were in
       | effect last year - like telcos changing their ring/busy tone to
       | covid PSA message isn't there. People are not being reminded to
       | take social distancing, washing hands, wearing masks precautions
       | seriously.
       | 
       | And people are not doing it as seriously as they did last time.
       | This has been the reality for the months of March and April where
       | it seem to have spread silently. The weather change between Feb-
       | April (very windy, cold to dry heat conditions) could also be a
       | factor. And now, it is too serious and now people may change
       | their behavior but it is too late.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | If that were true, we'd be seeing the mutation in sequencings.
         | We all know India is doing pretty badly on that front, but it's
         | also a huge huge population. It's rampant enough that it seems
         | to me they'd have found at least some samples of what you're
         | saying. As it is, B1.617 seems to be the most common there
         | (though it seems hard to find absolute numbers a la [1]), not
         | your friend's speculative mystery strain. Whether they are a
         | doctor..; since what I heard from other doctors near the
         | beginning of the pandemic, it seems they're no better equipped
         | to deal with this than the rest of us and will speculate
         | unscientifically just as much, except people parrot it more.
         | 
         | [1] Table with sequencing results for the Netherlands. If
         | someone knows where to find this for other counties, I'd be
         | very interested! https://www.rivm.nl/coronavirus-
         | covid-19/virus/varianten
         | 
         | Bonus link: latest WHO update contains some info about variants
         | (unfortunately not much, e.g. just saying a country has had a
         | case of <insert variant> without _any_ info on its prevalence
         | there): https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-
         | epidemiologic...
        
           | ummonk wrote:
           | GP's friend is clearly referring to the B.1.617 variant, not
           | some mystery strain.
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | If you want more detailed info you should probably check out
           | https://nextstrain.org/.
        
       | geogra4 wrote:
       | I have had multiple Indian co-workers (from our Chennai office)
       | test covid positive and get sick. Young healthy people.
        
       | durovo wrote:
       | This thread is full of people pointing fingers at:
       | 
       | 1. Election rallies
       | 
       | 2. Kumbh Mela
       | 
       | 3. Farmer Protests (Yes, they are still going on)
       | 
       | 4. The government's incompetence.
       | 
       | And all of these are completely valid reasons. But does anyone
       | living in the country really believe that these are the only
       | reasons? There are still people who believe that Covid is a hoax.
       | People who had not worn a mask for the last 6 months now wear
       | paper thin masks in large crowds and expect to not get Covid.
       | 
       | My neighbor contracted Covid recently, but they have not told
       | anyone about it. All of their household help is still coming.
       | Some of the family members still go out to meet others.
       | 
       | This situation is really a reflection of the selfishness of the
       | people. I have seen medium-sized business that cut salaries if
       | employees take leaves due to covid. So these employees hide their
       | symptoms and report to work. If you are doing any of these
       | things, please self-reflect.
        
         | pasabagi wrote:
         | Where I live (Germany) all of these actions would be illegal.
         | 
         | I think broadly speaking governments do a lot to set the tone
         | of what's acceptable in the pandemic, by what they say, and
         | what they do. A big government rally is powerful legitimation
         | for being selfish.
        
         | throwawaysea wrote:
         | From what I have read online, I would say that very few people
         | in news media are blaming the farmers' protests (at least in
         | international coverage), even though those protests are longer-
         | lasting and larger gatherings than most of the others. What I
         | am mostly seeing is Western liberals blaming the conservative
         | government of a developing nation by pointing at election
         | rallies (which only took place in a few states and were held by
         | all parties), religious events (because liberals are often
         | anti-religion or Hinduphobic), or the government (who actually
         | has been highly competent in managing the pandemic overall).
         | 
         | I don't think there is enough evidence (yet?) to call any one
         | factor a "key contributor". We simply don't know. People in
         | India were increasingly mobile as their pandemic conditions
         | improved into a low steady state
         | (https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/changes-visitors-
         | covid?co...). I am guessing that some combination of the things
         | you listed, plus general increase in mobility, plus some new
         | variant of the virus that spreads more easily, is what led to
         | this situation. India went from normal conditions to hitting
         | the previous peaks within a month, and that feels like
         | something more than just a few isolated events.
         | 
         | > This situation is really a reflection of the selfishness of
         | the people.
         | 
         | That might be fair to say in a developed nation that is
         | wealthier. But in many other nations, people simply need to
         | work or go to places where they are around other people. They
         | don't have the infrastructure, wealth, and luxury of remote
         | work or delivery services to just avoid society altogether or
         | reduce society-wide mobility. They also don't have the same
         | amount of home entertainment choices like streaming services or
         | expensive video game consoles or whatever else. I imagine
         | shutting down cities is a much more significant challenge in
         | places that are denser than, for example, American cities, but
         | without the same economies, standards of living, disposable
         | income, and so on.
        
         | benque wrote:
         | Yes. These are the major reasons not the "only" reasons. Sure,
         | there will be a few percentage of people who are irresponsible,
         | but we have to look at the big picture as well. Mass gatherings
         | are far more responsible for the spread than a few people not
         | wearing masks.
        
           | durovo wrote:
           | Absolutely, I am not trying to defend that stupidity here.
           | Also, it was not a 'few' people not wearing masks. It has
           | always been a few people wearing masks. And what qualifies as
           | a mask for most people should really be questioned.
        
         | mxcrossb wrote:
         | Deep down in the human psyche, I think we all believe that
         | disease is a punishment for our bad behavior. So we always see
         | comments saying it's because of X or Y. But from what I've
         | seen, this disease is very chaotic in its spread. So I think
         | the discussion has to be less "it's because of X" and more
         | "things like X have increased the risk factor"
        
         | alwayshasbeen wrote:
         | Well, if a country if full of people believing COVID is a hoax
         | and wearing a mask is useless - what do you think you will get?
         | You get exactly what's happening now.
        
           | mandis wrote:
           | wearing a mask wont do jackdiddly if you organize large
           | gathering with 100,000 people.
        
       | sunilg78 wrote:
       | Don't need to be panic and also don't create panic. We at
       | tamilnadu India has solution via traditional siddha. Acalypha
       | indica ( 7 leaves ) and pepper , to be boiled cup of water until
       | one third. Once in three days.
       | 
       | It's very clear that we destroyed our ozone and polluted , so
       | it's nature turn to set it back. One such act is this Corona
       | worldwide......
       | 
       | so let's get back to minimal life style and reduce consumption,
       | stop polluting etc.
        
         | rualca wrote:
         | Please tell me you forgot to add a sarcasm tag.
        
       | 0xmohit wrote:
       | This sums it up:
       | 
       | India's devastating second wave was fuelled by a series of
       | crowded events, including mass rallies addressed by Prime
       | Minister Narendra Modi [0].
       | 
       | > Fuelling the catastrophe was a series of crowded events, like
       | mass rallies by politicians such as Prime Minister Narendra Modi,
       | religious holidays and pilgrimages on the Ganges river.
       | 
       | > As governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ministers, including
       | Modi, touted victory over the virus, people relaxed their
       | vigilance and stopped wearing masks and maintaining social
       | distancing.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/4/29/indias-deadly-
       | vi...
        
         | strategyanalyst wrote:
         | Modi is responsible, but not due to rallies and religious
         | festivals. Surge in cases weren't related to these events.
         | 
         | The trend lines were rising a month ago and government was
         | waiting for someone sort of miracle to change its direction.
         | 
         | No one really knows why cases in India fell to such low numbers
         | and why they increased suddenly.
        
           | intended wrote:
           | I want to add that the overall chart shows that there was a
           | small bump in, an uptick around 19th feb. However this trend
           | was only actionable in a better data oriented environment.
           | 
           | People explained away or ignored that small bump.
        
         | kumarvvr wrote:
         | I would not really take AlJazeera as a un-biased source. For
         | one, in the article above, it mentions the massive rallies by
         | the ruling party, BJP, but does not mention anything about
         | rallies by other political parties, like Congress, TMC and
         | others.
         | 
         | A google search highlights only rallies of BJP.
         | 
         | I found only 1 site that talks about other rallies.
         | 
         | https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/all-bengal-rallies...
        
           | dagmx wrote:
           | If you're claiming AlJazeera is biased and then linking the
           | Hindustan Times, then I question your perception of bias.
           | 
           | For an American audience, this would be like saying MSNBC is
           | biased, here's an article by Newsmax or OANN.
        
         | KrishnaAnaril wrote:
         | Hello, It was election time in few states and all parties
         | organized rallies not just Modi. I'm from Kerala, India.
        
         | ahurmazda wrote:
         | Just in case, here is Arundhati Roy in her own words[1]. She is
         | one the brightest activist voices from India. She paints a
         | haunting tale of what's been happening in the past year and
         | beyond leading us to today.                 > "Let's try and
         | not be a cry baby." -- Tushar Mehta, India's solicitor general,
         | speaking for the government of India
         | 
         | [1]https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/28/crime-
         | against-h...
        
         | revendell_elf wrote:
         | But those rallies were conducted in West Bangal and highest
         | COVID cases are in Maharashtra. I'm definitely against these
         | rallies but logic seems to fail us here, isn't it?
        
           | pas wrote:
           | Any Modi/BJP (or otherwise government permitted) rally
           | anywhere sends the signal that people can be more lax.
        
             | revendell_elf wrote:
             | Even if they're in two opposite ends of India? Also, I
             | don't want to take sides, but all other parties rallied
             | during elections so why single out BJP? Once again, I'm
             | strictly against these gatherings and I firmly believe that
             | they should be banned without delay but this selective
             | outrage is rather obvious that the agenda or the narrative
             | is something else altogether.
        
           | kumarvvr wrote:
           | A certain section of western media is distinctly biased
           | against the ruling party. So there seems to be a lot of
           | marketing for a certain point of view, nudging the facts
           | aside.
        
             | HotVector wrote:
             | Might be because BJP is a right-wing nationalist party.
        
               | revendell_elf wrote:
               | any data to back your statement? I'm genuinely curious as
               | to how one label a political party as right or left wing?
               | BJP is a nationalist party no doubt about that though.
        
           | pvsukale3 wrote:
           | Testing per capita is not same across the country.
           | Maharashtra has been doing a lot of testing. I have been in
           | touch with my friends in UP and it is really hard to get
           | tested there. So the current official numbers are not
           | accurate there.
        
         | bluzeee wrote:
         | It is very unfortunate that a single guy using one single
         | resource is creating a false narrative about an entire country
         | and is misusing this forum to spread false narrative. While
         | even scientists are puzzled on the cause [0], a few like the
         | above commenter for sure knows the causes conclusively
         | 
         | India unlike U.S. and other western countries needs more
         | careful analysis due to its diverse nature, larger informal
         | economy and lack of proper data collection practices. Any
         | simple attribution like the commenter is doing is simply false
         | narrative
         | 
         | 1. Anyone who has been tracking India covid cases closely
         | knows, the most affected and contributing (72%) states for the
         | second wave have been Maharastra and Kerala [0]
         | 
         | 2. And, as second wave picked-up just 6 states contributed to
         | 86.37% of new Covid-19 cases as per the data tracking [1]
         | 
         | 3. Why did it spike in Maharastra ? Read [3] & [4] Importantly
         | note the point on variant "This surge has started from
         | Vidarbha, and it is hard to believe that mutant variants didn't
         | have a role to play"
         | 
         | 4. Now, lets talk about variant found [4] "Two leading experts
         | recently contended that a new coronavirus mutant strain was
         | reportedly detected in Amravati, Yavatmal, and Akola, all in
         | the Vidarbha region in the eastern part of the state"
         | 
         | 5. Above comment talks about religious event which is kumbh
         | mela which took happened in Haridwar, Uttarakhand state. Do you
         | see the state in any of the listed states contributing to the
         | raise ? No. Let's put today's status, is that state even in the
         | top: 10 [5]
         | 
         | 6. And do you know you need a permit and negative covid test
         | report to participate in this religious event ? [6]
         | 
         | 7. He talks about Narendra modi rallies. Seriously ? He took
         | rallies in the states where elections being conducted by Indian
         | election commission, like all all other political parties he
         | has to support his party. This is saying like Biden cannot take
         | election rally while Trump goes on giving daily speeches.
         | Importantly, do you see the state of Westbengal where election
         | allies happened in the top ?
         | 
         | 8. As Maharastra went into curfew, poor migrant labor mainly
         | from Bihar and UP and people from other states rushed back home
         | and there is no data how this might have affected
         | 
         | 9. Did BJP declare victory over virus ? Yes. But there is no
         | scientific or data based attribution of spike Or the commenters
         | indirect attribution of peoples laxity and not wearing masks to
         | victory declaration is misguiding
         | 
         | [0] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/indias-massive-
         | co...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-
         | updates-f...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/6-states-
         | contribut...
         | 
         | [3] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-
         | is...
         | 
         | [4] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-
         | hits-1...
         | 
         | [5] https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-
         | affairs/ne...
         | 
         | [6] https://www.covid19india.org/
         | 
         | [7] https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kumbh-2021-limited-
         | to-30-day...
        
           | indian1947 wrote:
           | > 6. And do you know you need a permit and negative covid
           | test report to participate in this religious event?
           | 
           | Well if this were true, how were hundreds of people there
           | found to be infected [0]? In any case, there was absolutely
           | no need to allow it at a critical time like this. We're
           | probably very lucky that the event did not end in absolute
           | catastrophe, like it very well could have.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56742231
        
           | intended wrote:
           | This is a narrative to protect a naked emperor.
           | 
           | The vidarbha strain is also spread through out the country,
           | and its not like the same mutations cannot appear elsewhere
           | independently.
           | 
           | The most populous state in India, UP, with 220 mn people, the
           | worst medical infrastructure has better numbers than
           | maharashtra. However having a Chief Minister who has gone
           | ahead and threatened people for asking for help and even
           | arresting/threatening journalists.
           | 
           | This was a preventable apocalypse. Modi spent all of last
           | year talking about how India is self sufficient and we are
           | magnanimously helping other nations.
           | 
           | The promoted cow urine, homeopathy and naturopathy when those
           | resources could have been used last year.
           | 
           | The Major religious events were brought forward. When 8
           | phases of elections were allowed and the opposition asked for
           | shorter elections, the BJP was the one who objected.
           | 
           | The data has been intentionally fudged to leave governments,
           | local and central looking better and the most partisan
           | calculus has been at play when the center decides who gets
           | help in the states.
        
             | sinyug wrote:
             | > When 8 phases of elections were allowed and the
             | opposition asked for shorter elections, the BJP was the one
             | who objected.
             | 
             | The 2011 elections were held in 6 phases.[1]
             | 
             | The 2016 elections were held in 6-7 phases.[2]
             | 
             | Why should it be any different this year?
             | 
             | If everyone was so concerned about the pandemic, they
             | should have requested that president's rule be declared in
             | Bengal till the pandemic is over.
             | 
             | Every Indian knows how violent Bengal elections generally
             | are[3] and how voters are intimidated. Hundreds of BJP
             | political workers have been terrorized and murdered in
             | Bengal over the last few years.[4]
             | 
             | When it comes to the Bengal elections, COVID is just an
             | excuse. Shorter elections with reduced security is a nice
             | way to murder democracy.
             | 
             | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_West_Bengal_Legislati
             | ve_A...
             | 
             | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_West_Bengal_Legislati
             | ve_A...
             | 
             | 3. https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/polling-advances-
             | in-b...
             | 
             | > Taking advantage of this slackness, some state police
             | personnel and TMC supporters became active in pressuring
             | rural voters and taking recourse to unfair means. The most
             | serious incident of TMC intimidation occurred in Shalboni's
             | Adharnayan villages where about 100-150 ruling party
             | activists attacked some journalists and the CPI(M)
             | candidate Shaymsundar Pande.
             | 
             | > According to reports, the TMC goons beat up Pande and the
             | media persons, snatched away the camera of one news
             | channel, damaged vehicles and tried to set fire to a few
             | parked vehicles. The reports alleged that CPMF jawans stood
             | by without taking action against the TMC cadres. Despite
             | repeated appeals to rescue the journalists, the jawans did
             | not move.
             | 
             | > Additional reports suggested that in Nayagram area under
             | West Medinipur constituency TMC workers threatened
             | villagers with dire consequences if they dared to leave
             | their homes to cast their vote. The villagers complained
             | that since they were BJP supporters they were ordered by
             | the TMC workers and state police personnel not to leave
             | their homes. The BJP candidate there was also similarly
             | threatened by them. In Taldangra, Bankura, a state police
             | assistant sub-inspector was seen taking bribes inside a
             | polling booth.
             | 
             | 4. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amit-shah-in-
             | west-be...
        
               | intended wrote:
               | There wasn't a pandemic in those years.
        
           | indian1947 wrote:
           | > 7. He talks about Narendra modi rallies. Seriously ? He
           | took rallies in the states where elections being conducted by
           | Indian election commission, like all all other political
           | parties he has to support his party. This is saying like
           | Biden cannot take election rally while Trump goes on giving
           | daily speeches. Importantly, do you see the state of
           | Westbengal where election allies happened in the top ?
           | 
           | Yes he was not the only one conducting mass rallies but as
           | the leader of the nation, was it not his responsibility to
           | set an example in the country's fight against covid? Should
           | we not hold the Prime Minister to a higher standard? Yes,
           | every party held mass rallies and shame on all of them - it
           | does not excuse Modi though.
           | 
           | He has a termendous fan following in India ready to do what
           | he says (lighting lamps, clanging vessels) - he just does
           | seem to be able to channel that devotion into something
           | positive.
        
           | squaredisk wrote:
           | This. This is the problem in india. Vedic books. Especially
           | with the well educated priestly caste who had the exclusive
           | access to education before the britishere's arrived. The
           | vedic scriptures (basis of hindu religion) advocates
           | stratification of society(caste) and give privilege based on
           | birth. For this reason no matter what, there are literate
           | people who will support and justify the actions of anyone who
           | tries to uphold the vedic principles. BJP, RSS, Modi are all
           | just a pawn in the grand scheme of preserving the privilege
           | by birth advocated by veda's.
        
             | madtantric wrote:
             | Citation needed. Which vedic text advocates privilege based
             | on birth?. On what basis is Modi privileged by birth? How
             | does any of these matter in a discussion on covid. What
             | about other religions in India, are they not affected?
        
             | sanmon3186 wrote:
             | I seriously don't understand, how whatever you wrote
             | relates to the original comment.
        
               | squaredisk wrote:
               | I am pointing out the cultural reason for the western
               | readers who are wondering or puzzled by the support for
               | the current ruling party, even at this dire situation
               | which the government could have avoided. It becomes clear
               | when one understands what the vedas advocate, the
               | privilege by birth offers and why it is so important over
               | anything else for the priestly caste.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Modi is Brahmin now?
        
           | mandis wrote:
           | >6. And do you know you need a permit and negative covid test
           | report to participate in this religious event ? [6]
           | 
           | We dont have capacity to test the number of people who were
           | attending the Kumbh mela daily. 10k tests may be the capacity
           | appx, while appx 10 million people will be attending over a
           | month.
           | 
           | https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-
           | news/over-9-1-million-p...
           | 
           | Please understand India as reported by media is way different
           | from the ground reality.
           | 
           | https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/kumbh-amid-
           | covid-...
        
             | mohanmcgeek wrote:
             | > We dont have capacity
             | 
             | By we, do you mean you personally? Or do you have the
             | entire state machinery reporting to you.
             | 
             | You keep talking about ground reality. You mostly seem to
             | be adding to the chaos.
             | 
             | Maybe when all this is over, have the government setup a
             | commission to investigate negligence, profiteering and
             | other acts but how exactly are you helping anyone by
             | spreading more panic
        
           | mandis wrote:
           | >7. He talks about Narendra modi rallies. Seriously ? He took
           | rallies in the states where elections being conducted by
           | Indian election commission, like all all other political
           | parties he has to support his party. This is saying like
           | Biden cannot take election rally while Trump goes on giving
           | daily speeches. Importantly, do you see the state of
           | Westbengal where election allies happened in the top ?
           | 
           | He is the head of the nation. The larger the power center,
           | the larger the responsibility. This guy literally boasted
           | about the size of the crowd less than 10 days back, in the
           | bang middle of the pandemic.
           | 
           | He deserves to be tried for murder, as well as the election
           | officials.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | djmips wrote:
           | > negative covid test report to participate in this religious
           | event
           | 
           | It depends on the type of covid test, if this is going to be
           | useful. Tests range from negligible error to significant
           | false negatives.
        
       | cyberpsybin wrote:
       | Probably due to opening of schools and colleges across country.
       | That's why it's hitting young people harder.
        
       | akudha wrote:
       | I am seriously worried where this is going. People don't seem to
       | take precautions (masks etc), the government doesn't seem to care
       | (they seem more interested in suppressing data/news). Unless
       | you're rich, Indian healthcare isn't great even in good times. It
       | is just not equipped to handle this bad of a situation.
       | 
       | This looks like chapter one of a giant disaster, only waiting to
       | get even more worse
        
       | qart wrote:
       | https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/we-are-all-respons...
       | 
       | The author is a surgeon. He says things that many of us have been
       | saying all along. Hopefully, his professional background will
       | help wake some people up.
        
         | throwawaysea wrote:
         | India was quite successful in handling the pandemic until this
         | second wave, which rose from a low case count to new peaks
         | within a month. Cases lag infection events, and it takes time
         | for the data to be reported, for people and governments to
         | react to it, for changes to be made, and so on. It's easy in
         | hindsight to say some action must have been taken by some date,
         | but while it's happening live, it's hard to tell a new and
         | different pattern apart from "normal" fluctuation. For example,
         | when I was looking at the case graphs a couple weeks ago
         | (https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-tests-and-daily-
         | new...), there was a temporary dip in case counts between the
         | initial portion of the second wave and subsequent faster rise.
         | That dip is no longer visible, and likely got filled in by
         | delayed data, but my point is that it's hard to figure out
         | what's an under-reaction or over-reaction to a live and chaotic
         | situation. For leaders without the luxury of hindsight, it's
         | challenging because they need to carefully balance health
         | impacts with social and economic impacts.
         | 
         |  _> (from the Indian Express article) We need to accept that
         | the politicians do not decide what we do in our everyday
         | routine._
         | 
         | The federal government of India, for its part, was very much
         | cognizant of the surge. Their press releases noted the surge in
         | a few states as early as February 20th
         | (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1699596), which
         | was a very fast reaction. The federal government provided
         | updated guidance to the affected states the very next day
         | (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1699735), but
         | did not force any decision on individual states, in keeping
         | with the cooperative federalism that governs the health
         | ministry's decisions. Regular guidance updates and
         | interventions continued thereon.
         | 
         | Like your article suggests, my feeling is that this situation
         | will end up being attributable to a mix of increased general
         | mobility across society, combined with the unfortunate advent
         | of more infectious variants, rather than any singular factor.
         | Looking at the latest mobility graphs
         | (https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/changes-visitors-
         | covid?co...), we can increasing mobility preceding the surge
         | and then a big drop in mobility around March 27th, when the
         | daily number of cases was 3x the low point but half the prior
         | peaks. We can wish for earlier change in behaviors now, but the
         | timeline of how society reacted is not entirely unreasonable -
         | it's simply the reality of seeing data and reacting to it with
         | some natural time delay. As for the risk of new variants, per a
         | breaking Reuters article (https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-
         | pacific/exclusive-scienti...), some scientists identified that
         | certain new variants were responsible for many cases and that
         | they also seem to be able to escape antibodies:
         | 
         |  _> A version of that draft, seen by Reuters, set out the
         | forum's findings: the new Indian variant had two significant
         | mutations to the portion of the virus that attaches to human
         | cells, and it had been traced in 15% to 20% of samples from
         | Maharashtra, India 's worst-affected state.
         | 
         | > The draft statement said that the mutations, called E484Q and
         | L452R, were of "high concern." It said "there is data of E484Q
         | mutant viruses escaping highly neutralising antibodies in
         | cultures, and there is data that L452R mutation was responsible
         | for both increased transmissibility and immune escape."_
         | 
         | The findings were shared with the Health Ministry on March
         | 10th, and publicly released on March 24th. This article notes
         | that it is unclear if this report was ever sent to Modi.
         | Interestingly enough, this Reuters article mentions many
         | possible missteps or contributing factors, but also quotes a
         | scientist who is careful not to place singular blame on anyone,
         | just like the Indian Express article you linked:
         | 
         |  _> To be sure, some scientists say the surge was much larger
         | than expected and the setback cannot be pinned on political
         | leadership alone.  "There is no point blaming the government,"
         | Saumitra Das, director of the National Institute of Biomedical
         | Genomics, which is part of INSACOG, told Reuters._
        
           | intended wrote:
           | This wave is showing that it was Dumb luck that made it
           | possible to handle last year.
           | 
           | > It's easy in hindsight
           | 
           | In a whole year of time to prepare, with examples in numerous
           | nations, who could possibly have fathomed that a rapidly
           | mutating virus would evolve to overcome the immunological
           | barriers presented in India?
           | 
           | Many people! Not only were experts and opposition members
           | warning about a possible disastrously second wave, we even
           | have district collectors who acted on such fears.
           | 
           | And it is apparent today, to normal people, that creating
           | reserves of oxygen, vaccine and preparation was possible last
           | year. It is entirely the failure of this government to
           | instead have indulged in its beliefs of "naturopathy,
           | homeopathy, unani, cow urine" and the rest.
           | 
           | Not to mention, this is Modi being hoisted on his own petard.
           | He has built a system that bows to him, waits for his
           | decisions and his action. He has built that image and acted
           | according to it. He has weakened every independent body and
           | applied pressure everywhere.
           | 
           | So if he is adding his image to COVID vaccine certificates,
           | is it also not his charge to have protected the country from
           | this disaster?
        
         | egghese wrote:
         | Opinion columns are not scientific sources. To the article's
         | credit recklessness from people are is the reason for the
         | spike. But doesn't absolves a leadership that claimed to have
         | concurred Covid-19 and have no clue about disaster management.
         | Indians deserved better.
        
           | qart wrote:
           | There have been more than enough scientific sources published
           | for the effectiveness of masks. I hope you still don't doubt
           | that part. I will not cite them. People have been crowding
           | and not wearing masks across the country. Do you want a
           | scientific source for that? There may never be one. The
           | Indians who step out of their homes are aware of this
           | already.
           | 
           | No government or healthcare system can keep up with people
           | flouting the scientific recommendations on such a scale.
        
             | egghese wrote:
             | I was not disagreeing with the articles claim people
             | flouting rules caused a spike. But the people or the
             | country isn't by itself responsible. Rather a callous
             | government that was indifferent to this pandemic is. It had
             | an year to prepare. It did nothing more than PR works
             | 
             | - If the health infrastructure could not take it, what was
             | the reason for this narrative ?
             | https://www.thequint.com/news/india/in-january-pm-modi-
             | had-e...
             | 
             | - Did they not know about vaccine demand ?
             | https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/world/2021-01-20-india-
             | phar...
             | 
             | - Why did they take away the states ability to prepare ?
             | https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/apr/09/as-
             | per-n...
        
               | qart wrote:
               | > It did nothing more than PR works
               | 
               | What's with the hyperbole? To disprove your point, I just
               | have to point to _one_ thing that the government did that
               | was not PR?
               | 
               | - What narrative, specifically?
               | 
               | - At the time, I too was in support of supplying vaccines
               | to countries who were in desperate need of it. I still
               | don't mind waiting a few months if the vaccines that
               | should have come to me go to a healthcare worker in some
               | other country instead.
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26346021
               | 
               | - There is no reason to take anything Shiv Sena says at
               | face value. This is the single worst party in India. If
               | law and order had worked in India, these people would
               | have been declared terrorists long before most of us were
               | born. They continue to mistreat doctors
               | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vUUQEpJEG4) and
               | threaten hospitals
               | (https://twitter.com/amitsurg/status/1299352826636722176)
               | across the state. Also, while all other states had the
               | pandemic somewhat under control at one time or another,
               | MH consistently stayed at #1 or #2 among the worst
               | affected states.
        
               | indian1947 wrote:
               | Shiv Sena is for sure known for their thuggery and being
               | a party of regionalistic goons. They're hardly very
               | different from their erstwhile allies the BJP though.
        
               | qart wrote:
               | Any thoughts on their current allies?
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXtH0NQFqZI
        
           | Xplune13 wrote:
           | The response from the government for this wave is pretty bad
           | and they took way too much time to act for sure. But, what
           | you are saying is polar opposite from the article that OP
           | posted. The reason isn't one or the another, it is the
           | combination of both. Yes, Indians deserved better but the
           | people's recklessness is so out of bounds in large cities
           | (speaking from my own experience) that many knew this type of
           | wave can happen and it did happen. The worst part is people
           | ignored all the self-precautions and acted like everything is
           | back to normal. So in the end, it is the combination of both,
           | people's recklessness and delayed (unplanned as well)
           | response from the government.
        
       | publicola1990 wrote:
       | It seems that Indian medical fraternity is placing too much faith
       | in Remdesivir and Convalescent Plasma. In some way it is similar
       | to the Ivermectin fad in South Africa for Covid treatment. These
       | treatments are not recommended by WHO, but medical practitioners
       | prescribing the same is leading to scarcity and blackmarketing of
       | the same.
       | 
       | As I see it there is total chaos in medical protocols for covid
       | treatment, and this could be a significant driver in mortality in
       | this wave in India.
        
       | FriendlyNormie wrote:
       | Someone should cut your head off with a chainsaw. Lying cunt.
        
       | alwayshasbeen wrote:
       | Is there a study that tells if the current wave is related to
       | Kumbh Mela that was celebrated extensively?
        
         | throwawaysea wrote:
         | No there's no such study. There has been a lot of focus on
         | election rallies and Kumbh Mela in press, but it seems to be
         | mostly due to people turning the tragedy of the second wave
         | into a political opportunity to attack Modi. But Kumbh Mela is
         | one event, and elections are only taking place in a few states.
         | The reality is that India was handling the pandemic quite well
         | through a policy of highly localized containment, and general
         | mobility among the populace was increasing in response to
         | improved pandemic conditions and the trickling of vaccines
         | (although India gave away tens of millions of vaccine doses to
         | other nations and hurt its own drive as a result of that
         | generosity). I suspect that the reality of this wave is that
         | many factors contributed - increased general mobility, some
         | large events, and likely new variants that aren't well
         | understood yet and may spread more easily. Prior to that,
         | everything and everyone being blamed right now is just
         | speculative and opportunist.
        
           | mlnj wrote:
           | > But Kumbh Mela is one event, and elections are only taking
           | place in a few states.
           | 
           | Kumb mela gathers tens of millions of devotees at a single
           | point in the most densely populated state in the sub
           | continent.
           | 
           | Just on April 14th 2021, more than 900,000 people taking a
           | dip in the same river. The central government is the
           | authority responsible to stop the event this year given the
           | impending crisis, but only encouragement was seen from the
           | ministers except that the event was cut short to 30 days
           | instead of the many month ordeal it usually is.
           | 
           | > There has been a lot of focus on election rallies and Kumbh
           | Mela in press, but it seems to be mostly due to people
           | turning the tragedy of the second wave into a political
           | opportunity to attack Modi.
           | 
           | > everything and everyone being blamed right now is just
           | speculative and opportunist.
           | 
           | This thread is a testament to the aggressive brigading to
           | deflect all blame from the Central Government. Contrarians
           | spewing random questions to avoid focus on anything being
           | discussed. It has been a pattern for the past half a decade
           | now.
           | 
           | Nobody is denying that there are multiple factors and people
           | responsible in the current crisis, but this line of excuses
           | is a steady pattern of a concerted effort to deflect blame on
           | the untarnishable image of a strongman Modi emanates. It
           | happens on every crisis. every blunder Modi makes.
        
             | revendell_elf wrote:
             | But Maharashtra had been seeing record cases even before
             | Kumbh which happened in Uttar Pradesh. How come Maharashtra
             | had those cases then?
        
           | revendell_elf wrote:
           | And... You'll be downvoted to hell again since you stated
           | facts and asked questions around them.
        
             | alex_smart wrote:
             | The data suggests that Covid had already become so
             | widespread in India by the time Kumbh happened that the few
             | thousand of cases happening represented only a tiny
             | fraction of cases in India.
             | 
             | Of course, after you point his out, the piece de resistance
             | comes out, calling the data itself fake based on no
             | argument at all.
        
         | alex_smart wrote:
         | If anything, the data suggests the contrary. They were testing
         | people extensively in Haridwar when the event took place. The
         | cases that were detected from the city during the time the
         | festival was happening represented less than 1% of the total
         | number of cases happening in India.
         | 
         | https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-over-1700...
         | 
         | > Medical workers conducted 2,36,751 tests over the five-day
         | period in the mela site. Out of these, 1,701 came out positive
         | for coronavirus.
         | 
         | For context, at this time, India was already registering over
         | 200,000 new covid cases a day. The test positivity rate (<1%)
         | from the mela site is also much lower than most other parts of
         | the country (~5-10%).
         | 
         | Basically, covid had already spread so much in India by the
         | time Kumbh Mela happened that the cases from there were only a
         | drop in the bucket.
        
           | nojito wrote:
           | COVID has an incubation time of 7-14 days.
           | 
           | Why would people be positive at the event?
           | 
           | The amount of nonsense data coming out of India is just
           | ridiculous.
        
             | alex_smart wrote:
             | > COVID has an incubation time of 7-14 days.
             | 
             | That's for symptoms. Covid is usually expected to show up
             | in tests after 4-5 tests.
             | 
             | >Why would people be positive at the event?
             | 
             | The Kumbh Mela is not a one-day event. The event had
             | already been underway for 10 days for the period under
             | discussion.
             | 
             | In any case, testing data is available from Haridwar for
             | the entire month now. Is this a fourth mutant of Covid that
             | never shows up in tests?
        
       | mohanmcgeek wrote:
       | Are we going to have a India second wave discussion every single
       | day?
       | 
       | How is this "hacker" "news" @dang .. it's only unnecessary
       | political bickering about how bad the government is from a bunch
       | of India haters. Same talking points imported from Twitter
       | everyday.
        
         | revendell_elf wrote:
         | You're downvoted so much that I can't even read the text
         | anymore. Lol. Good luck trying to defend your country against
         | Westerns who denied sharing their vaccine formulas with India
         | and left it to rot.
        
           | mohanmcgeek wrote:
           | My comment reads this isn't "hacker" "news"
        
           | blueberry8998 wrote:
           | Where is the defense? Sprouting some crap is not defense.
        
             | mohanmcgeek wrote:
             | Maybe if you can't read the comment you should shut up
        
               | dang wrote:
               | You've been breaking the site guidelines badly. A comment
               | like this is obviously completely unacceptable, and your
               | account has also been using HN for political and/or
               | nationalistic flamewar, which is not cool. We ban
               | accounts that do that.
               | 
               | I'm not going to ban you right now because you've posted
               | good comments about other things in the not-too-distant
               | past. Please stick to that and don't post any more
               | flamewar comments.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | dang wrote:
           | We've banned this account for using HN primarily for
           | political and nationalistic flamewar. That's not allowed
           | here, regardless of which politics or nation you're battling
           | for. It destroys this site for its intended purpose.
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?sort=byDate&dateRange=all&type=comme.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | dang wrote:
         | That's not an accurate description of the thread, except in
         | patches where people have been starting and fighting political
         | flamewars. You're right that that's not ok here. Your account
         | shouldn't be doing it either. We ban accounts that use HN
         | primarily for such things, regardless of which side of whatever
         | flamewar they're on. We don't care what color the flames burn--
         | we care about not burning.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | movid wrote:
       | Absolute clusterfuck it is right now in India. And thank you
       | international media for bringing this to light.
       | 
       | This could've been averted if the government wasn't busy
       | promoting quackery [1], pandering to astrologers and hardliners
       | by organizing a massive religious festival in the middle of
       | pandemic [2]. And they did fuck all to improve the medical/oxygen
       | infrastructure for the past one year and are promoting fake news
       | that puts the blame squarely on provincial governments. [6]
       | 
       | Our supreme leader Modi was busy canvassing and praising crowds
       | attending his rallies as recently as 17th April while the country
       | was burning. [3]
       | 
       | Modi's heir in the making who has the potential to make him look
       | like a saint has recently threatened to file cases against people
       | and seize their properties if they take their grievances to
       | social media.[4]
       | 
       | And even now, the government is more concerned about their image
       | than controlling the situation. And the establishment's toadies
       | are busy online(I see a lot of them here too) defending their
       | dear leader even now with the same enthusiasm they show to credit
       | him for anything positive.
       | 
       | The people are to blame too ofcourse for relaxing but what can we
       | expect when the leaders at helm proclaimed the pandemic is over.
       | 
       | PS: I had to post this from a newly created account cuz I
       | wouldn't want this to weigh against me when I apply for a
       | passport. [5]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/56172784 [2]
       | https://science.thewire.in/health/leaders-listened-to-astrol...
       | [3] https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-
       | electio... [4] https://thelogicalindian.com/trending/yogi-
       | adityanth-oxygen-... [5] https://thenextweb.com/news/this-indian-
       | states-police-force-... [6]
       | https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/no-centre-did-not-allo...
        
       | mandis wrote:
       | Ground reality-
       | 
       | * 400,000 new infections reported yesterday. Number of deaths is
       | being suppressed- 10x more deaths than reported. Crematoriums
       | everywhere are overflowing, yet only 3k deaths per day as per
       | official record.
       | 
       | * Basic resources like Oxygen, Meds (Favipiravir, Remdesivir,
       | Monitors), Hospital beds keep running out in many cities and
       | towns. Everything is on sale for 2-10x the official prices. For
       | example, Remdesivir selling for Rs 20,000 ($300) instead of Rs
       | 2,000. Ambulances charging Rs 25,000 for a half hour transport,
       | instead of Rs 2,500.
       | 
       | * Beds are a tragedy. People are dying in their cars
       | (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/no-bed-
       | in-4-n...). Day rent for beds in nursing home corridors (yes,
       | actual narrow corridors) are selling for an amount equal to the
       | average monthly salary of a middle class citizen.
       | 
       | * The government organized election rallies and religious
       | gatherings and overruled the concerns of many educated voices
       | over the last 2 months. Lockdown in election bound states was
       | only announced yesterday, once all rallies and multi-phase
       | election was finished. Votes/Power over lives, that's the mantra.
       | One head of state went as far as to pass an order declaring
       | anyone posting stories of O2 shortage will be prosecuted and
       | arrested. (https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/covid-up-
       | hospitals-defy...)
       | 
       | * People have stepped up as the govt has abdicated
       | responsibility, sharing resources on their stories and working
       | all day to verify their availability by calling hospitals and
       | crematoriums. However the scale of the tragedy is immense and
       | people who could have been saved are dropping like flies. This
       | wave is affecting 40, 50 year olds, without any comorbidities.
       | Apparently the strain is a double mutant (mutation of the strain
       | from UK), and now a triple variant is also being reported.
       | 
       | * EDIT- Also for the sake of PR, the central govt sent more than
       | half the vaccine produced abroad. Apparently the concept of
       | stockpiling and reserves isn't common knowledge with the Indian
       | political elite. So today we are at a situation where we are
       | importing the vaccines we had exported, as we are desperately
       | short on stocks and there is no relief in sight. Only 1.9% of
       | India's population has received 2 doses of the vaccine. Long
       | story short, many people will die.
        
         | thweor234234 wrote:
         | Stop spreading FUD dude.
         | 
         | 10x deaths ? Do you know the nightmare and level of competence
         | required to "cover" this up ? A lot of the backlog in
         | crematoriums is due to the insane doomer-porn based "covid
         | precautions".
         | 
         | > Also for the sake of PR, the central govt sent more than half
         | the vaccine produced abroad
         | 
         | FFS dude, this is part of the contract that f-ing contract that
         | SI signed with Oxford-Astrazeneca. Have basic decency to read
         | things before spouting your self-conceited mouth.
        
         | buyx wrote:
         | _Basic resources like...(...Remdesivir)_
         | 
         | I've been following this on social media, and the Indian
         | desperation for Remdesivir struck me (now it seems to be for
         | oxygen, sadly). It's heartbreaking, but also interesting to see
         | how many people are desperate for the drug. Is this based on
         | evidence? What's driving the demand: doctors or the public?
         | 
         | We've seen a similar craze for ivermectin in South Africa, and
         | there was the HCQ craze in the US. It would be interesting to
         | see if there are parallels.
        
           | nojito wrote:
           | Yes. If given early enough it has been shown to cut down
           | length of stay and severity of disease.
           | 
           | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle.
           | ..
        
         | pessimist wrote:
         | Agree with almost everything. Health care is collapsing around
         | us.
         | 
         | 10x death-undercount nationwide is probably not accurate. Major
         | states like Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala are reporting
         | close to accurate numbers. 2-5x nationwide is likely, with
         | places like UP, West Bengal and Gujarat undercounting by 5-10x.
        
           | mandis wrote:
           | I hope and pray its not 10x and only 5x. You might be right
           | about the state wise discrepancies, sadly don't think we will
           | ever know the real picture, as even crematoriums are fudging
           | records in many places. So much for being better than China.
           | 
           | Btw since this is HN, might there be a way to approximate the
           | number of deaths from the size of one's social circle and the
           | number of circle members who have passed away from covid?
        
             | hesarenu wrote:
             | There were similar claims last time as well. It seems
             | Kerala reported 20k less deaths in 2020[1]. There might be
             | disparity but saying 5x or 10x is too much.
             | 
             | [1]https://theprint.in/opinion/if-you-claim-indias-covid-
             | death-...]
        
             | throwawayy12 wrote:
             | Say 1/3 of the crematoriums are seeing 3x dead on average
             | nation wide. That'll be `1400m/(70*365)/3*2 == 36k` extra
             | death per day which is 10x of official number..
             | 
             | [edit]: i used the same logic to predict the number for
             | Wuhan in Jan 2020 which turned out to be fairly accurate
        
       | Zenst wrote:
       | One big factor that is different in India than this time last
       | year would be economic.
       | 
       | The incomes of your average person in India has declined due to
       | the whole pandemic and can be seen here:
       | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1111510/india-coronaviru...
       | 
       | That would in a country with many living day by day, be one
       | difference over say this time last year, in which air-quality
       | would of also been a factor as much as currently. Whilst not
       | good, combined with a reduced nutritional intake, may of tipped
       | the balance.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Also collapsing oxygen supply.. maybe simply with more stock
         | and distribution capabilities the wave would have been less
         | deadly.
        
           | Zenst wrote:
           | The oxygen supply shortage is due to demand and whilst does
           | not explain the increase demand and certainly would play into
           | the deaths, it wouldn't be at the scale we are seeing as it
           | is the increase in cases and the oxygen supply shortage is a
           | product of the knock on demand and not a causality in that
           | demand. Yes it is a factor in increased deaths, but not the
           | major factor, which is increased numbers of infected.
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | This is happening everywhere in the world (except a few countries
       | where most people are vaccinated and/or tested heavily): people
       | ran out of money, goverments failed to help them, and at this
       | point it's worth to take the risk of getting COVID for much more
       | people than to stay hungry and get homeless.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Alternative explanation. In japan people dont care anymore and
         | we are hit by a new wave which is definitely looking like a new
         | peak of infections. Add to that absolutely no border control
         | and lazy authorities and thats a recipe for things getting out
         | of control.
        
           | pudmaidai wrote:
           | What do you mean by "absolutely no border control"? As far as
           | I know quarantine is required to enter Japan.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | Not for japanese nationals
        
           | alfiedotwtf wrote:
           | ... lucky there's no world sporting event that will
           | congregate thousands of people from around the globe in Japan
           | in a few weeks time.
           | 
           | They should have cancelled the Olympics to at least 2022... I
           | hope historians don't look back at sports ball being the
           | catalyst of third/fourth waves and stronger/newer strains all
           | across the globe in 2022.
        
             | cyrksoft wrote:
             | International spectators are not allowed at the Olympics
             | this time. And there will be strict protocols for athletes.
             | Not sure how this can cause such a massive new wave.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | You think Japanese spectators are somehow immune to
               | COViD?
        
           | Torkel wrote:
           | I entered Japan close to two weeks ago from Europe. Super
           | strict and well managed border control. Passengers were
           | supervised and escorted to a special quarantine hotel for the
           | first three days of quarantine. After that they use an app on
           | my phone to keep track of where I am. For 14 days I have to
           | "check in" my location multiple times per day.
           | 
           | The place with no border control i Europe. Not Japan.
        
             | sirn wrote:
             | The 3 days quarantine is only for people arriving from a
             | list of countries with a known mutated strain. It's much
             | less strict if the passenger did not arrived from the
             | listed countries ([1]; the one in the parenthesis, the
             | table below is countries which PCR result is required).
             | 
             | Officially the rule is to be quarantine in the designated
             | place for 14 days and to report everyday. However, the
             | loophole is the designated place also includes _your home_
             | , and if you happen to use LINE, the daily report becomes
             | just a button press in the app. Location tracking is only
             | recommended, not required. (The Japanese document on
             | location tracking is just to enable location history on
             | Google Maps or enable Significant Location on iPhone[2])
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenko
             | u_iryo... Note the English version of this document is very
             | outdated (Mar 26, 2020 for the English version vs. Mar 21,
             | _2021_ for the Japanese version.) See [3] for a more up-to-
             | date one, although in a different format.
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000652555.pdf
             | 
             | [3]: https://www.mofa.go.jp/ca/fna/page4e_001053.html The
             | list is in Section 2, in the (Note 1), with the most
             | horrendous formatting possible.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | If only they did the same thing to Japanese nationals...
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | Which countries have this happening?
        
           | xiphias2 wrote:
           | I'm from Hungary (currently the top on the official list of
           | deaths/millions of people), where people were so scared, that
           | the first wave was almost non-existant. Now it's the
           | opposite, though at least people are getting vaccinated
           | aggressively, they just don't wait enough for the vaccines to
           | get into effect.
           | 
           | Another example is my girlfriend who is from Colombia: people
           | were very careful last year, but now there's a huge
           | demonstration happening because of a proposed tax reform,
           | which shows how desparate people are like, and how much it
           | overwrites their fear of COVID. I'm sure that well see the
           | results in the number of deaths in a month or two there.
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Are you just from or currently in Hungary? Is the situation
             | there deteriorating?
        
               | biztos wrote:
               | Friends in Budapest tell me it's getting better, but they
               | recently opened up outdoor drinking venues for the first
               | time since November and everything was packed, no
               | distancing and no masks, so I hope it doesn't backfire.
               | 
               | Interestingly, Hungary already has vaccine passports. Not
               | sure if they're used for anything but I've seen them,
               | same size/shape as the national ID card, and chipped. A
               | lot of my friends got Sputnik instead of AZ, they were
               | offered a choice.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | There's no chip.
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=v%C3%A9detts%C3%A9gi+igaz
               | olv...
               | 
               | It allows people to go to bathhouses for example. Also it
               | grants exemption from quarantine and PCR testing upon
               | (re)entry to the country.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | The spike is big, but not dead people hanging from the
               | trees big. Hospitals are well over capacity, staff is
               | over-overworked, and there was a recent new change in the
               | law that regulates healthcare workers. 5-6 thousand HC
               | workers declined the new forced change, so even less
               | staff available.
               | 
               | At the same time people are getting vaccinated, but the
               | gross incompetence of the government doesn't help. (Just
               | yesterday the website where people ought to schedule an
               | appointment for getting a vaccine was offline day due to
               | too much load.)
               | 
               | While the death/capita indicator peaked our wise leader
               | opened the terraces of pubs and restaurants.
               | 
               | ... I'm aware that a well ventilated terrace on a dry
               | sunny day carries a relatively very low risk of
               | transmission, but still. It's complete bollocks to do
               | this without any contact tracing, any testing, etc. (That
               | said, it's important to note that people were already not
               | social distancing, but now it's trivial to get infected
               | by total strangers, plus now those can infect a lot more
               | random folks. Whereas before the opening at least people
               | were able to do some informal checks and tracing.)
        
               | randomchars wrote:
               | No. 40% of the population had at least 1 vaccine already.
               | Death and infection rates are also declining.
        
               | xiphias2 wrote:
               | I'm in Mexico, but going back to Hungary in a few weeks
               | to try to get my COVID vaccine. There's a soccer match
               | tomorrow (I mean Saturday) with Fradi, the favourite
               | football team of the prime minister, that's why he opened
               | up the country more. Many people just go with it, as they
               | just want to get back to normal, even though the vaccines
               | that people got are not protecting yet.
               | 
               | His main goal is to open up even more to be able to
               | organize EU soccer championship, that's why he's rushing
               | ahead.
               | 
               | Viktor Orban wanted to be a professional soccer player
               | when he was a child, but he wasn't good enough, and now
               | the whole country is suffering because of his childhood
               | trauma.
        
         | thweor234234 wrote:
         | Lockdowns, at this point, are a plot to kill the poor, nothing
         | more, nothing less.
        
       | ganeshkrishnan wrote:
       | Also note that covid deaths are around 10-100x more than the
       | official records. To be recorded as official death, the person
       | should have tested positive and have died in a hospital. Home
       | deaths are not recorded as covid.
       | 
       | There are also reports from my acquaintances that deaths from
       | private hospitals in grade 2/3 cities are not recorded as covid
       | deaths nor are deaths even in government hospital where a test
       | could not be performed before the death of the person.
       | 
       | Two big reasons for this wave are
       | 
       | 1) The kumbh mela with 5-12 million people gathering in a tiny
       | spot. This was supposed to take place next year but was pulled
       | forward to appease the religious hardcore.
       | 
       | 2) Election rallies around the country.
        
         | invertedreversi wrote:
         | Farmer protests are widely believed to be the biggest reason
         | for the spread.
        
           | rk06 wrote:
           | Who believes that?
           | 
           | Farmer protests happened during December-feb, while COVID
           | surge started in March.
           | 
           | Govt. is just blaming farmers for everything, instead of
           | kumbh mela, lowering restrictions and election rallies
        
           | mlnj wrote:
           | Not the case. The farmer protests have been going on for
           | months and it won't be much of a protest if they all went
           | back home and spread the virus.
           | 
           | Yet another attempt by the BJP IT Cell to divert the
           | attention onto anybody but the BJP government.
        
             | tiuPapa wrote:
             | They had a rotation policy. They clearly say it in all
             | their interviews, how they are maintaining constant
             | presence in the protests by rotating members every 4 - 7
             | days. See interviews on channels like Youtube channels like
             | ScoopWhoop Unscripted, that tried to bring the farmer's
             | point of view to the forefront. Let's not kid ourselves,
             | the virus doesn't discriminate based on whether the
             | gathering is righteous or not. Each and every gathering is
             | a super spreader, be it a protest, election rally or a
             | religious gathering.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | However the cases explosion is not related to this event.
               | 
               | Bringing this point up sacrifices a chance to save india
               | from future pain just to win political talking points to
               | protect the culpable.
               | 
               | Cases lag events by 14 days. The spike was this year, the
               | protests started last year. The cases didn't even begin
               | in those states that sent the most protesters. The
               | current strain developed in Maharashtra.
               | 
               | The Govt and all Indians I spoke to throughout the year
               | were complete unaware of how they had dodged a bullet.
               | 
               | Instead of being grateful and figuring out how to prevent
               | it from ever happening again, our govt went ahead and
               | said "we are invincible.".
               | 
               | This is a behavior we cannot ever afford again.
               | 
               | If we didn't know why we had such a mild first wave, we
               | should have done everything to understand why and to take
               | preventive measures.
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | Did Maharashtra had a Khumb Mela? Or an election rally?
               | There is a reason they are being called super spreader,
               | not super incubator. I think all of these replies are
               | somehow missing my point. I am not saying that this one
               | incident is responsible for our current state, it is the
               | government. However, I don't think somehow excluding a
               | mass gathering like the farmer's protest from the list of
               | superspreader's is doing any good, it will just convince
               | some people that the gathering for their cause is somehow
               | invincible, as you right said the attitude has been for a
               | majority of Indians.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | By that criteria the migration last year when the abrupt
               | lockdown was called would count as a super spreader
               | event.
               | 
               | However the crucial need is for an event to actually
               | spread the virus. Or more precisely, spread the variant
               | that is currently adapted to india.
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | It did though? The migration worker did result in a
               | momentary spike in their states when they finally reached
               | their homes, especially after those special trains. Just
               | the variant wasn't as deadly. I am not sure what your
               | point is.
        
               | mlnj wrote:
               | The farmers protests are almost completely represented by
               | people from 2 States. Even if they did go home and spread
               | the infection the rate of spread is much lower in Punjab
               | and Haryana.
               | 
               | I want them to handle the crisis well and be safe but the
               | narrative that 'Farmer protests destroy India with Covid'
               | needs to be debunked.
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | In trying to debunk one BJP propaganda, you are spreading
               | another. The protest was not only by the "rich" farmers
               | of Punjab and Haryana protecting their interests, there
               | were protests joining from all neighboring states like
               | Rajasthan, UP, etc., with demonstrating being organized
               | country wide. The rate of spread is not lower in Punjab
               | or Haryana. It's the same as rest of the country, just
               | not as high as the states where election rallies and
               | religious gathering acted as a bigger catalyst.
        
               | mlnj wrote:
               | >It's the same as rest of the country, just not as high
               | as the states where election rallies and religious
               | gathering acted as a bigger catalyst.
               | 
               | Literally what I said.
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | I am not sure how "the infection the rate of spread is
               | much lower in Punjab and Haryana" is the literally the
               | same as "It's the same as rest of the country, just not
               | as high as the states where election rallies and
               | religious gathering acted as a bigger catalyst". To me
               | that reads like saying the rate of infection is much
               | lower than the country average.
        
               | egghese wrote:
               | I agree with you that larger mass gatherings have a clear
               | responsibility. However, cherry-picking the farmers
               | protest which was dissenting a government policy when
               | there were multiple other events and a clearly clue-less
               | government feels like government propaganda.
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | My point is not that farmer protests should be blamed.
               | The blame and responsibility of this surge clearly lies
               | with the government and ruling party celebrating
               | `victory` pre-maturely. My point is that we should not
               | propagate a wrong message that somehow the protests were
               | immune from being a super spreader, making people think
               | it is alright to continue being part of a mass gathering,
               | whatever the cause.
        
               | op03 wrote:
               | If all this was obvious and the govt couldnt do anything
               | about it, why is such a govt required?
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | Valid question that needs to be asked. Hopefully, this
               | will wake up people from their populist fever dream.
        
               | Torock wrote:
               | Is there any source for this? I think the scientific
               | consensus last year (at least in the US) was that big
               | protests didn't turn out to be super spreader events
        
               | intended wrote:
               | There isn't. The protests were at their peak last year.
               | If you look at the case growth, it begins in feb/March.
               | Since case reporting tends to lags infection by 14 days,
               | we know that they have nothing to do with the protests.
               | 
               | Sadly though, the protests continue even today, and I
               | have not heard of any response from the govt.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Widely believed, yes, but mostly by Modi dick-riders.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Posting like this will get you banned here. We had to warn
             | you about flamebait another time recently as well. Please
             | review https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and
             | stick to the rules from now on.
        
           | egghese wrote:
           | What are the sources of this claim ? A general consensus was
           | the false narrative that claimed India have conquered Covid,
           | resulting in people ignoring the safety measured cause this.
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01059-y
           | 
           | If you are looking for super spreader events its more likely
           | the large election gatherings caused a spike.
           | 
           | Blaming a protest that was taking place even months before
           | looks like propaganda.
        
             | thepasswordis wrote:
             | Were people simply not gathering _at all_ other than for
             | election events?
        
               | egghese wrote:
               | The initial lock down and panic eventually made people
               | deny existence of Covid, along with a narrative that
               | Indians are immune to Covid. Later the leadership started
               | claiming India already conquered Covid.
               | https://www.livemint.com/science/health/we-are-in-the-
               | endgam...
               | 
               | To answer your question, people were gathering for events
               | other than rallies
        
               | hesarenu wrote:
               | Where does in the link he claims covid is conquered. He
               | specifically says we are in endgame and to succeed
               | politics should be kept out of the Covid-19 vaccination
               | drive. There were too many guys questioning vaccination.
               | Why twist the sentence?
        
               | kingofpandora wrote:
               | > Where does in the link he claims covid is conquered. He
               | specifically says we are in endgame and to succeed
               | politics should be kept out of the Covid-19 vaccination
               | drive. There were too many guys questioning vaccination.
               | Why twist the sentence?
               | 
               | "Today, Covid cases are declining rapidly in India ... 18
               | percent of the world's population is in India, a country
               | that saved mankind from a big disaster by saving its
               | citizens from the pandemic."
        
               | hesarenu wrote:
               | That sentence is not there in the link. And it even does
               | not say covid has ended. Let me paste a text from the
               | article to say bad badly the op changed the meaning
               | 
               | He sad " We need to follow 3 steps: Keep politics out of
               | the COVID-19 vaccination drive, Trust the science behind
               | COVID-19 Vaccines, and ensure our near & dear ones get
               | vaccinated on time."
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | intended wrote:
           | Farmer protests were last year. Cases started spiking
           | late/feb and march.
           | 
           | Protests would have shown 14 day lagged incrEase in cases in
           | Punjab and Harayana, where the bulk of attendees came from.
           | Those cases were not seen.
           | 
           | This idea is incongruous with information we have.
           | 
           | On the other hand The central govt has been declaring mission
           | accomplished since last year.
           | 
           | I wouldn't blame people for thinking that their respected
           | leader was telling them the truth and acting accordingly.
           | 
           | Risk taking behavior is related to how the people on top act,
           | especially in India which is today, a far more centralized
           | nation.
        
           | mandis wrote:
           | Protests were in Jan/Feb. Cases rose April. Larger gatherings
           | happened in March and April for elections and religion.
           | 
           | Please take your one sided narrative elsewhere.
        
         | svat wrote:
         | > _The kumbh mela [...] was supposed to take place next year
         | but was pulled forward to..._
         | 
         | Not strictly COVID-related, but this was the first I'd heard of
         | this and it sounded surprising to me, so I looked it up. I
         | picked an older version of the Wikipedia article (from Nov
         | 2019, just to rule out recent changes that may have been made
         | because of COVID-19) and it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.p
         | hp?title=Kumbh_Mela&oldid=...) says:
         | 
         | > The weeks over which the festival is observed cycles at each
         | site approximately once every 12 years[note 1] based on the
         | Hindu luni-solar calendar and the relative astrological
         | positions of Jupiter, sun and moon.
         | 
         | where [note 1] gives as reference a 2008 book that says:
         | 
         | > About once a century the Kumbha Mela returns to a site after
         | eleven years. Jupiter's orbit is actually 11.86 years, so after
         | each twelve-year cycle it moves a little further into the sign,
         | which the eleventh year celebration corrects.
         | 
         | Another 2019 book cited in the article is more clear, and its
         | second chapter explicitly mentions 2021 for Haridwar:
         | 
         | > The Mela is organized when a specific astronomical
         | combination (kumbha yoga) of the Moon, the Sun, and Jupiter
         | occurs in specific zodiac signs. The Moon takes around one
         | month (27.32 days) to orbit the earth during which it transits
         | through the 12 signs. The Sun transits through the 12 signs in
         | around one year (365.2425 days), the time taken by the earth to
         | orbit the Sun. Finally, Jupiter transits through the 12 signs
         | in nearly 12 years (11.8618 years), the time taken by it to
         | orbit the Sun. The transit period of Jupiter being the longest
         | --12 times that of the Sun and around 159 times that of the
         | moon--the kumbha yoga for a location repeats when Jupiter
         | enters the same sign again. This is why the Kumbha Mela is held
         | once every 12 years at a given venue, as a general rule.
         | 
         | > The seventh Mela after six melas held in 72 years (each held
         | 12 years after the previous one) is held 11 years after the
         | sixth Mela, giving us seven melas in 83 years. The reason is
         | that Jupiter completes seven transits of the zodiac in nearly
         | 83 years (11.8618 x 7 = 83.0326), and moves to the next sign in
         | the 84th year. This is why the Haridwar Kumbha was held in 1938
         | after 1927 and the Prayaga Kumbha was held in 1977 after 1966.
         | The last Kumbha in Haridwar was in 2010 (1938 + 72), but the
         | next one will be in 2021 (1938 + 83 = 2010 + 11).
         | 
         | I wonder where the idea of "was supposed to take place next
         | year" comes from: my guess is that someone extrapolated the
         | approximate "takes place every 12 years" and just naively added
         | 12 to the previous year (2010) at the same location. These
         | festivals are based on the assumption that a certain
         | conjunction in the sky indicates a sacred time, to be marked by
         | bathing in holy rivers etc. One can of course reject this
         | notion entirely (and with it the festival itself), but it
         | doesn't make much sense to treat the festival like a sports
         | event or conference that can be moved around. The government of
         | India can no more change the date of the Kumbh Mela than, say,
         | the government of Italy change the date of Easter. All a
         | government can do is restrict people's movements, etc. The
         | accusation that crowds were allowed to gather obviously makes
         | sense; not so much the accusation that the date was changed.
         | (Incidentally, Wikipedia has multiple articles on the date of
         | Easter:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Easter_controvers...
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Date_of_Easter&ol...
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reform_of_the_dat...
         | .)
        
         | bluzeee wrote:
         | I'm really surprised from where someone forms conclusion of the
         | reasons like these. Please see my comment to understand better.
        
         | hesarenu wrote:
         | Its not like people were not dying before Covid. Covid just
         | increased the number of deaths. If you visited hindu cremation
         | before covid you would have seen 2-3 funerals on a day(just
         | based on my small city).
         | 
         | Bangalore i think now has the highest case in India. Kumbh mela
         | or elections did not cause that spike or the spike all around
         | India.
        
           | AmIDev wrote:
           | Per my experience(and seconded by local newspapers),
           | crematoriums would allow the family to pick up the ashes on
           | the next day. Assuming 8 hours for cremation(it takes less
           | than that), this suggests that there was at least 2x the
           | buffer available. Probably higher than that, as I've not
           | seen(or heard of) all pyres being occupied at the same time.
           | 
           | This means in places where there is shortage of pyres, deaths
           | must be at least 3x the earlier one.
        
         | pessimist wrote:
         | 10x death-undercount nationwide is probably not accurate. Major
         | states like Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala are reporting
         | close to accurate numbers. 2-5x nationwide is likely, with
         | places like UP, West Bengal and Gujarat undercounting by 5-10x.
        
           | kfifi wrote:
           | How are these states getting all the home death numbers or
           | deaths without covid tests?
        
           | jeswin wrote:
           | Exactly. In fact, the under-reporting is closely linked to
           | how well developed a state is.
           | 
           | It's unfortunate that even in these times, propaganda (from
           | both sides) has completely taken over rational analysis.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | + Holi + IPL + Mahashivratri
        
           | tiuPapa wrote:
           | IPL has 0 attendance, hosted in bubbles. How are they
           | spreading it?
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | People gathering together in public places to watch it.
        
               | tiuPapa wrote:
               | Any evidence of that? From my anecdotal experience, each
               | and every place in my town where such public viewing used
               | to be organized was cancelled. I would believe that to be
               | the case throughout the country.
        
         | jeswin wrote:
         | > Also note that covid deaths are around 10-100x more than the
         | official records.
         | 
         | So up to 350,000 people died just yesterday. And over the last
         | ten days, up to 3 million people died?
         | 
         | While deaths are certainly underreported, it isn't helpful in a
         | pandemic to throw random figures around.
        
           | ganeshkrishnan wrote:
           | >So up to 350,000 people died just yesterday.
           | 
           | There were 200,000 cases and 1,200 deaths yesterday as per
           | official reports.
           | 
           | Unofficially yes, more than 10,000 people died. Not sure
           | where you got the 350k numbers from
        
           | AmIDev wrote:
           | While 100x is unlikely all over the country, it's surely
           | happening in some places at least.
           | 
           | In my district of Kolhapur in Maharashtra, the district
           | officials report 30-40 deaths per day, while official numbers
           | stay at 1-3. That means the state is under reporting by 10x
           | to 40x. And this is still counting only those people who, 1.
           | died in hospital after being tested +ve for covid 2. did not
           | have any comorbidity, as then they'd be classified under that
           | comorbidity, however ridiculous it might seem(e.g. person
           | dying of diabetes when infected by covid)
           | 
           | So actual numbers are likely to be much higher, given that
           | all beds were full already last week itself.
           | 
           | Note that this is an opposition ruled state. Situation is
           | even worse in BJP ruled states, where for example, 1. Tests
           | are done only for few hours a day. 2. People are being
           | charged with spreading misinformation for asking for oxygen
           | cylinders on social media. 3. Deaths are being under reported
           | heavily. 4. crematoriums are not accessible to reporters.
        
             | okpatil wrote:
             | Hello, fellow Kolhapuri here. Maybe we can connect.
        
             | lenkite wrote:
             | There is a known lag in underreporting of infection counts
             | in all Indian states except for a few. This is not being
             | done maliciously - folks are struggling with uploading the
             | infection and death count.
             | 
             | About Covid not being listed as cause of death in cremation
             | houses - this is a definite problem in North India.
             | Southern states do not suffer from this social stigma.
             | Cause of death is being properly mentioned here.
        
             | jeswin wrote:
             | > Situation is even worse in BJP ruled states
             | 
             | I happen to live in Bangalore (BJP ruled). There's
             | certainly no evidence of 10-40x underreporting of deaths
             | happening here. I don't doubt at all that they're
             | underreported though; but to a smaller extent.
             | 
             | Do you have any links?
        
               | AmIDev wrote:
               | I haven't heard of data fudging in Bangalore from media,
               | so far.
               | 
               | Here are some reports about Gujarat[1][2]
               | 
               | [1] https://scroll.in/article/992217/as-the-dead-pile-up-
               | in-guja... [2] https://caravanmagazine.in/health/how-
               | gujarat-is-undercounti...
        
               | wornohaulus wrote:
               | scroll, caravan, ndtv and surprisingly agenda driven..
               | and are extremely biased in their reporting .. just like
               | newslaundry .. especially their villainization of
               | majority is atrocious .. we news better news media which
               | give news, and not agenda driven politicaal biased 'news'
               | .. they are basically republic for the left.. full of
               | $h*t
        
               | sateesh wrote:
               | Do give credit where it is due, Karnataka state
               | government has been quite transparent in reporting Covid
               | data, and there isn'a a deliberate misreporting or
               | suppressing. There is a even a telegram channel run by
               | the government where Covid updates are provided at
               | regular intervals.
        
           | capybara_2020 wrote:
           | Numbers are being significantly underreported. Although it
           | might not be 10-100x everywhere. It is a mix. Some places it
           | is 2x, some places it is 100x.
           | 
           | Have a look at this article to get a sense of the scale of
           | the problem.
           | 
           | https://www.article-14.com/post/bjp-states-hiding-
           | covid-19-d...
        
           | mlnj wrote:
           | Those numbers are based on the lack of crematorium facilities
           | and the obvious queues of bodies lined outside for cremation.
           | I know of at least 7 people dying in the last 7 days. The
           | official numbers mean nothing anymore.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | I'm sorry to hear about the people you know dying. It's a
             | horrible tragedy.
        
             | jeswin wrote:
             | Can you please read my comment again? Please don't turn
             | this forum into a political propaganda platform.
        
               | mlnj wrote:
               | Political propaganda is the last thing on my mind right
               | now. Here's some sources for the lack of cremation
               | facilities.
               | 
               | https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/pushed-to-
               | the...
               | 
               | https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/indias-
               | crematoriums-...
               | 
               | https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/at-
               | delhi-cr...
               | 
               | https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/104th-in-
               | the...
               | 
               | This is not in line with only 3500 people dying all over
               | the country. This is in line with the range the above
               | comment mentions. My anecdote of people dying my inner
               | circle is not political. Neither is my opinion that the
               | official numbers are to be not trusted given the
               | evidence.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | Can you say the actual facts and/or calculations that
               | lead to 10x? From what you've said, it could be that
               | crematoriums were already operating just below capacity
               | and are now just above capacity, causing growing backlogs
               | even with only a very small increase in demand.
        
               | mlnj wrote:
               | >From what you've said, it could be that crematoriums
               | were already operating just below capacity and are now
               | just above capacity, causing growing backlogs even with
               | only a very small increase in demand.
               | 
               | Can't be the case throughout the country in all affected
               | districts and all densely populated states.
               | 
               | You see reports of crematoriums running 24/7 and still
               | not able to fulfill the demand for cremations and find it
               | reasonable to land on any other conclusion but people are
               | dying. I think I've presented enough.
        
               | ramraj07 wrote:
               | Even NYT estimates the real numbers might be 10x
               | reported, and I would also expect that to be a reasonable
               | estimate. Roughly a quarter of the people I know tested
               | positive in the past month, it's not possible with such a
               | high infection rate only 3000 people die in a day.
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/world/asia/india-
               | coronavi...
        
               | IanCal wrote:
               | The UK peaked at ~1200/day, with a population 1/20th the
               | size. That's "only" 24K scaled up, looking at India now
               | it's hard to picture things as being only a bit worse
               | than the UK peak.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | My guess is that for a lot of processes, crematoria
               | included, capacity is not some fixed number below which
               | everything is fine and above which the backlog piles up.
               | 
               | It's like my parents' restaurant, you can get busier and
               | busier without there being a wall. When you "hit
               | capacity" you find you're doing many things that you
               | weren't normally doing, like being open a lot longer,
               | asking for longer shifts from staff, rationing things
               | that you wouldn't normally ration.
        
               | jeswin wrote:
               | Well, I am only objecting to unsupported numbers being
               | thrown around. How do you go from "crematoriums being
               | pushed to the limit" to 10-100X Covid deaths?
               | 
               | Extraordinary claims (such as up to 3 million deaths in
               | ten days) require extraordinary evidence. My response, if
               | you notice, was specifically about that claim. And I also
               | did not fail to mention that deaths are underreported.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Are you objecting specifically to the 100? It seems clear
               | enough to me that it's not supposed to be a very tight
               | estimate. Would "an order of magnitude or two" be better?
               | Or "an order of magnitude or more"?
               | 
               | And it definitely suggests that the amount of under-
               | reporting varies by area, so it's even more unfair for
               | you to multiply the entire country's number by 100 as
               | your goalpost.
        
               | jeswin wrote:
               | I am objecting to people making up numbers, when no such
               | data is available. Like the parent post for instance,
               | connecting reports of crematoriums being full to order-
               | of-magnitude scale (10X or more) undocumented Covid
               | deaths.
               | 
               | There are however, other reports you can quote:
               | 
               | - The Print (not govt-leaning) "If you claim India's
               | Covid death toll is 2x govt figure, it's understandable.
               | But not 10x" [1]
               | 
               | - NYTimes: Bhramar Mukherjee, an epidemiologist at the
               | University of Michigan who has been following India
               | closely. "From all the modeling we've done, we believe
               | the true number of deaths is two to five times what is
               | being reported." [2]
               | 
               | In short, I strongly feel throwing numbers around without
               | basis simply widens the chasm.
               | 
               | [1]: https://theprint.in/opinion/if-you-claim-indias-
               | covid-death-...
               | 
               | [2]: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/world/asia/india-
               | coronavi...
        
             | Xplune13 wrote:
             | Well, I would agree that the actual death count is bigger
             | than what is reported but 10x is a LOT and claiming
             | extraordinary 100x is ridiculous unless someone gives
             | proper evidence for that. All the shortages in crematorium
             | facilities are really unfortunate but they are basically
             | near Delhi region. Basing your overall 10x figure for the
             | ENTIRE India on 1 region (granted it is one of the biggest
             | in the nation) is not right unless you provide evidence for
             | that. The figure in Delhi might be 5x-10x but for entire
             | India? I don't know and one should definitely stay away
             | from "I guess" or "I believe" in this situation unless you
             | provide resources in my opinion.
        
               | mlnj wrote:
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/world/asia/india-
               | coronavi...
               | 
               | The lack of cremation facilities are reported throughout
               | the country. It is not just about one region or the
               | other. The under-reporting is reported in most places.
               | The lack of tests in places like Kolkata shows that
               | people even after showing symptoms can't get tested. All
               | these point to the official government numbers being a
               | fraction of the actual numbers.
               | 
               | In an environment where the government is under-reporting
               | and the news reports are the only ones showing the ground
               | reality we can only speculate the actual number for the
               | whole country. We may never do. Until that we can only
               | opine and point to the evidence we have.
        
               | Xplune13 wrote:
               | As I said earlier, I'm not saying that there isn't under
               | reported death count. I said we cannot say anything about
               | entire nation based on currently reported cases. Those
               | report point out to that region and may not be applied to
               | the whole nation. Eg. suppose 4 cities have 5x under
               | reported cases, we cannot expand that to the entire
               | nation until we conduct thorough research first. On top
               | of that the OP stating 10-100x is mind numbingly large
               | range. My earlier point was respect to that statement.
               | Claiming 100x under reported deaths is too large of a
               | number that if you put a number on that, it would empty
               | most of the cities in matter of a month which clearly is
               | not a case AFAIK. So, throwing these random numbers based
               | on one's own opinion is not right especially when it is
               | presented as a statement.
        
           | intended wrote:
           | 100x is not what I've heard but I've definitely heard of 10x
           | the number of cases actually reported.
           | 
           | Sources are crematorium staff describing how many additional
           | bodies they have to burn and epidemiologists.
        
           | kumarharsh wrote:
           | It's like a game of Chinese whispers where the multiplier
           | keeps on growing everytime the number is mentioned.
        
             | atat7024 wrote:
             | Well that's an unfortunate phrase to choose.
        
           | rraghur wrote:
           | Multiple models predict daily new infections to be anywhere
           | between 20 - 30x under reported (uni of Michigan and I think
           | u of w) There are enough and more ground reports from various
           | cities of data from crematoriums being >10x more than
           | official counts
           | 
           | There is large scale, govt backed effort to not report in a
           | few states for ex UP which is most populous - govt was
           | directing labs not to take samples. and no admission to
           | hospital as corona patient until you provide RTPcr test
           | id(this is from a friend who's in the state capital and
           | father's in the hospital now). Death rates 10x official
           | counts overall wouldn't be surprising at all.
        
         | kushalpandya wrote:
         | Yeah right, Maharashtra had massive gathering for Kumbh Mela at
         | Bandra-Worli Sea Link, and Delhi had election rally for
         | Assembly elections and newly appointed CM Arvind Kejriwal had
         | merely days to manage mess left by LG.
        
           | mandis wrote:
           | Kolkata has a 54% positivity rate now, and nobody is able to
           | get tested due to lack of testing infra. Just because it
           | wasnt reported, doesnt mean it didnt affect.
        
             | kushalpandya wrote:
             | Sure now, but Maharashtra has been overflowing since early
             | March when other states where there were no gatherings,
             | didn't have cases. Point is, not single govt alone has
             | failed. Pretty much everyone failed, including citizens
             | like us who forgot precautions in January and February when
             | cases dropped considerably.
             | 
             | I still see public ignoring safety norms like nothing has
             | happened.
             | 
             | As for people running for hospitals, a primary reason (as
             | per a doctor who treated my dad for Covid) is that people
             | are ignoring symptoms for days (over a week at times) after
             | which virus does enough damage that only option they're
             | left with is getting oxygen assistance.
        
               | mandis wrote:
               | I agree with the first part, but the one with the biggest
               | power center must also take the biggest responsibility.
               | When the literal head of the nation gleefully boasts
               | about the size of the election rally crowd during a
               | killer pandemic wave, yeah, its on him.
               | 
               | >As for people running for hospitals, a primary reason
               | (as per a doctor who treated my dad for Covid) is that
               | people are ignoring symptoms for days (over a week at
               | times) after which virus does enough damage that only
               | option they're left with is getting oxygen assistance.
               | 
               | Hospitals will give the same protocol as people are
               | following at home. In fact add the empathetic environment
               | of home with proper food (compared to the sheer lack of
               | care in any hospital right now), and people are
               | recovering faster at home. Yes, there are many cases
               | though where people had serious damage and they neglected
               | to go early. Just saying this issue is complicated and I
               | can understand why someone would hesitate to go to a
               | hospital with 99F fever and slight bodyache.
        
               | sinyug wrote:
               | > but Maharashtra has been overflowing since early March
               | when other states where there were no gatherings, didn't
               | have cases.
               | 
               | And none these vultures in the media will talk about it
               | because it does not fit their agenda.
               | 
               | I noticed a slow but steady rise in cases in Maharashtra
               | since mid-February. A few reports suggested something was
               | brewing in the Nagpur/Vidharbha region. No one paid any
               | attention to it because of the war between the State and
               | Center on the police corruption/extortion issue.
               | 
               | Soon, cases started appearing in Kerala and Punjab. Only
               | THEN did other states start reporting cases in massive
               | numbers. Did religious events and election rallies have
               | an impact? Of course. But that came weeks later.
        
               | sateesh wrote:
               | The inaction of the government has much more impact. The
               | government got complacent once the first wave receded,
               | and didn't give heed to any expert opinions. There were
               | reports that the Covid expert committee meeting itself
               | didn't happen in past few months . In addition there was
               | no concerted focus on vaccination, either to increase its
               | capacity to cover majority of the population, or steps to
               | dispel vaccine scepticism. In last few months except for
               | the caller tune message one gets in mobile when you call
               | someone, I didn't see any efforts to publicise the
               | vaccination drive. These publicity efforts have stepped
               | up now, and given the rampage now most of the people are
               | willing to take vaccines but alas there is a shortage.
        
         | revendell_elf wrote:
         | But Kumbh happened in Uttar Pradesh while highest cases are
         | being recorded in Maharashtra way before Kumbh happened. I'm
         | against any social gatherings but this seems to defy logic ,
         | isn't it?
        
         | ceilingcorner wrote:
         | This is speculation and no better than saying all the COVID
         | deaths are overinflated because they include anyone who happens
         | to have COVID when they die.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ramraj07 wrote:
           | Please see
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/world/asia/india-
           | coronavi...
        
       | bluzeee wrote:
       | It is very unfortunate that some are creating a false narrative
       | about an entire country and is misusing this forum to spread
       | false narrative. While even scientists are puzzled on the cause
       | [0], a few commenters here for sure knows the causes conclusively
       | 
       | India unlike U.S. and other western countries needs more careful
       | analysis due to its diverse nature, larger informal economy and
       | lack of proper data collection practices. Any simple attribution
       | like the commenter is doing is simply false narrative
       | 
       | 1. Anyone who has been tracking India covid cases closely knows,
       | the most affected and contributing (72%) states for the second
       | wave have been Maharastra and Kerala [0]
       | 
       | 2. And, as second wave picked-up just 6 states contributed to
       | 86.37% of new Covid-19 cases as per the data tracking [1]
       | 
       | 3. Why did it spike in Maharastra ? Read [3] & [4] Importantly
       | note the point on variant "This surge has started from Vidarbha,
       | and it is hard to believe that mutant variants didn't have a role
       | to play"
       | 
       | 4. Now, lets talk about variant found [4] "Two leading experts
       | recently contended that a new coronavirus mutant strain was
       | reportedly detected in Amravati, Yavatmal, and Akola, all in the
       | Vidarbha region in the eastern part of the state"
       | 
       | 5. Some comments talks about religious event which is kumbh mela
       | which took happened in Haridwar, Uttarakhand state. Do you see
       | the state in any of the listed states contributing to the raise ?
       | No. Let's put today's status, is that state even in the top: 10
       | [5]
       | 
       | 6. And do you know you need a permit and negative covid test
       | report to participate in this religious event ? [6]
       | 
       | 7. They also talk about Narendra modi rallies. Seriously ? He
       | took rallies in the states where elections being conducted by
       | Indian election commission, like all all other political parties
       | he has to support his party. This is saying like Biden cannot
       | take election rally while Trump goes on giving daily speeches.
       | Importantly, do you see the state of Westbengal where election
       | allies happened in the top ?
       | 
       | 8. As Maharastra went into curfew, poor migrant labor mainly from
       | Bihar and UP and people from other states rushed back home and
       | there is no data how this might have affected
       | 
       | 9. Did BJP declare victory over virus ? Yes. But there is no
       | scientific or data based attribution of spike Or the some
       | commenters indirect attribution of peoples laxity and not wearing
       | masks to victory declaration is misguiding
       | 
       | [0] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/indias-massive-
       | co...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-
       | updates-f...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/6-states-
       | contribut...
       | 
       | [3] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-
       | is...
       | 
       | [4] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-
       | hits-1...
       | 
       | [5] https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-
       | affairs/ne...
       | 
       | [6] https://www.covid19india.org/
       | 
       | [7] https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kumbh-2021-limited-
       | to-30-day...
        
         | deadite wrote:
         | >a few commenters here for sure knows the causes conclusively
         | 
         | The hubris has been around here for as long as you have.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/jJB4A
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.md/jJB4A
        
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