[HN Gopher] Ask HN: How did you transition from FTE to self-empl...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ask HN: How did you transition from FTE to self-employed/sole
       proprietor?
        
       I would like to transition from my FTE position to a specialized
       consulting/contracting business that I have been operating for the
       past several years with annual revenues of $10-12k. Revenues are
       low because there is not enough time in the day to maintain both
       FTE and consulting. If you made a transition, how did you do it? I
       believe I could simply quit and then hold my nose and jump in feet
       first, expecting a ramp-up time where I draw from savings and hope
       for a reasonably quick recovery of income. But I suspect there are
       more strategic options.
        
       Author : psim1
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2021-04-30 16:47 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
       | vbsteven wrote:
       | I have been doing this since 2013. Here's my journey:
       | 
       | Full time job at startup doing web/mobile dev and infrastructure.
       | I'm the fixer on the whole stack. Lots of personal side projects
       | after hours.
       | 
       | 2013: started moonlighting after full time job. An angular web
       | dev project.
       | 
       | 2014: started sole proprietor to have the after hours work on the
       | books. Another Webdev project and a few websites. New client for
       | which I am developing a platform that they can resell over and
       | over.
       | 
       | 2015: quit my job. Full time on my own. 3days/week at client
       | office doing web/infra/uit. Other client projects on the side.
       | Incorporated instead of sole proprietor for tax reasons.
       | 
       | 2016: signed FTE contract as freelancer for more than a year
       | doing web/mobile/backend/infra at startup. Other small client
       | projects on the side.
       | 
       | 2017: same
       | 
       | 2018: same
       | 
       | 2019: scale down long term client. Add other clients on the side.
       | 
       | 2020: took on more than I could handle and I burned out. In two
       | steps in June and September.
       | 
       | 2021: spent 6 months at home not working. Living on my company
       | savings.
       | 
       | Now I just started working again 3 days a week to make sure I
       | have an income. 1 client in an R&D role. Some creative personal
       | play project on the side.
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | The bigger issue shouldn't be ramp on up work, but rather,
       | dealing with the time it takes to get paid. The more of a
       | concrete payables policy you have with your clients, the easier
       | that will be.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | Charge an immediate $1k late fee plus 10% interest per month
         | (accruing daily from due date +1) on unpaid balances. This
         | isn't usury because it isn't a loan.
         | 
         | Put this plainly in the contract they agree to and sign up
         | front before the work. Refuse to do business with anyone who
         | pushes back on the late fee or late payment interest rate. This
         | is a huge red flag.
         | 
         | Make sure you have a lawsuit loser pays for both lawyers clause
         | in the contract.
         | 
         | Never quote without a discount (min 15% with 30-50%
         | permissible) and have a clause that discounts are void on late
         | payment.
         | 
         | 14 day payment terms in the contract.
         | 
         | Don't accept checks. Specify wire and exclude checks in the
         | contract. No "the check's in the mail" bullshit.
        
       | jelling wrote:
       | There isn't enough time in the day to be an FTE and run a
       | consulting company. But there is enough time to do your FTE work
       | and then go out at night and network your ass off to get a large
       | consulting contract of some sort. I.e. actually doing consulting
       | work is blocking you from landing a big enough client / contract
       | to quit your FTE.
       | 
       | That said, if the thought of shaking hands, giving free talks,
       | and doing anything else to get a _large_ client that you can be
       | certain will actually pay their bill, then you probably shouldn
       | 't quit your FTE.
        
       | jconley wrote:
       | I think the comments so far are spot on. #1 big deal is you need
       | to be networking and finding clients. My comments assume you are
       | USA-based. Many contracts are awarded by someone in an org saying
       | "hey I know a company that can do that."
       | 
       | You should also be charging _at least_ 2x your desired "salary"
       | rate for your own time, more if you can pull it. E.g. if you made
       | $100k/yr that works out to about $50/hr full time. Charge at
       | least $100/hr. You'll need the buffer for taxes, healthcare,
       | finding new clients, liability insurance, un-billable hours (e.g.
       | writing quotes), etc.
       | 
       | If you are good at estimating, try to get fixed bid contracts
       | rather than time and materials. They'll be more flexible and you
       | won't have to be as meticulous with your time tracking. The
       | projects are usually more interesting as well. Hourly contracts
       | are often more like staff augmentation.
       | 
       | A good way to get work if you need to bootstrap can be to
       | subcontract. Research and reach out to other, larger, consulting
       | agencies. They're always looking for subs. Even the bigger ones
       | like TEKSystems and RHI will take on subs (well, at least they
       | used to, I haven't looked recently).
       | 
       | I would plan to work billable hours at most 75% of the time you
       | want to spend working. The rest should be running your business.
       | Marketing, fishing for your next client, networking, handling
       | your business affairs.
       | 
       | Bring on subcontractors if your marketing/sales efforts get you
       | too much work. This is easy profit if you can pull in the work.
       | You should establish a network of trusted people to send
       | subcontract work.
       | 
       | You probably want to use a pass-through LLC as this is a high
       | margin business and you'll want to take profit sharing rather
       | than salary to avoid double taxation and also want the liability
       | protection of LLC. But talk to a good CPA in your area.
        
       | pasttense01 wrote:
       | Frankly I don't think your business will ramp up enough if you go
       | full time. It will probably only double or triple--given that the
       | revenues have been flat. I doubt if that is enough to support
       | your lifestyle.
       | 
       | Figure out what your minimum living expenses are and acquire a
       | part-time job to meet this level (either cutting back at your
       | current job or switching jobs). Then when your business has
       | ramped up enough you can quit this part-time job.
        
       | hluska wrote:
       | You've gotten some excellent advice here so far but I wanted to
       | add a few bits that I've picked up:
       | 
       | 1.) You're going to do sales, invoicing, collections, bookkeeping
       | and regulatory shit. At various points, these five jobs will make
       | you want to go back to your FTE status.
       | 
       | 2.) You will eventually become your own pointy headed boss (at
       | times).
       | 
       | 3.) The difference between net income, profit and cashflow will
       | always surprise you in the wrong direction. Try not to spend
       | theoretical dollars...
        
       | irvingprime wrote:
       | The fact that you don't have enough time to do both could be a
       | red flag indicating that the business is going to be hard to
       | scale up to the level you need.
       | 
       | Are there aspects of the work that can or should be automated?
       | 
       | Are there aspects of the work that should be offloaded to third
       | party services to free you up to concentrate on the bits that
       | bring in the money?
       | 
       | Are you charging enough? I ask because not charging enough to
       | cover your needs is a common mistake. Increasing your rates might
       | reduce the amount you need to scale.
       | 
       | Do you have enough saved up to endure a year or so of reduced
       | income while you work out the problems of scaling?
       | 
       | Figure out the tactics. Plan for the transition. Don't just fling
       | yourself into it. I don't say any of this to discourage you. I
       | hope that, after some planning, you make the leap and I hope you
       | do very well from it.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | Two options come to mind:
       | 
       | 1) Find a single large client with a steady stream of work. Quit
       | your job to contract with this client, use new freedom to solicit
       | additional clients. Avoid becoming entirely dependent on this
       | single client, though.
       | 
       | 2) Establish enough savings that you can reasonably coast for 12
       | months while building up the business. Make acquiring new clients
       | your #1 priority.
       | 
       | The biggest challenge with consulting is not doing the work. It's
       | getting the clients. It's an entirely different skillset than
       | engineering, which is why so many freelancers fail. You should
       | start networking and building relationships with potential
       | clients long before you quit your job.
        
         | 35fbe7d3d5b9 wrote:
         | > Avoid becoming entirely dependent on this single client,
         | though.
         | 
         | I watched a friend grow his business over the course of 10+
         | years from a sole proprietorship to a small LLC to a great
         | digital agency which employed dozens.
         | 
         | One of his first contracts, _somehow_ , was doing design work
         | for a Fortune 100 company. As his agency grew his relationship
         | with them did as well. His company ended up essentially
         | becoming their outsourced design shop, and 65%+ of his revenue
         | came from them. Towards the end he and his team were being
         | flown to Dubai to set up exhibition spaces and shows, then
         | flown around the country for meetings, and times were great.
         | 
         | Then Covid hit. Nobody wanted on an airplane, which tanked his
         | client's financials. Costs needed to be cut, so his client axed
         | their design projects for the next few years. 65% of his
         | revenue went away - along with a huge chunk of his pipeline.
         | The ending wasn't pretty.
         | 
         | Avoid becoming dependent on a single client.
        
           | garrickvanburen wrote:
           | To restate this in the positive: "Target no fewer than 3-5
           | simultaneous customer engagements
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | > Avoid becoming dependent on a single client.
           | 
           | I've seen this go the other way too, where the client ends up
           | talking to the consulting shop and saying, essentially, "what
           | is your price to join us?"
           | 
           | But yes, I agree, in general you don't want to have anywhere
           | near the majority of your income every year come from the
           | same client.
           | 
           | Otherwise it's just a job with additional stress and tax
           | perks.
        
       | janha wrote:
       | My best advice would be to partner with other consultants,
       | agencies or contractors and create a productized service that
       | they can include in their offerings. Seek out agencies in your
       | area and cold call them - good way to train your sales muscle
       | without really selling anything to them.
       | 
       | That's what made the difference for me. I partnered with a
       | marketing consultant and she added me to her services every time
       | she got a new client.
       | 
       | The best book on this would be Million Dollar Consulting from
       | Alan Weiss. Do your job well and then promote yourself to reading
       | Trillion Dollar Coach ;))
        
       | ska wrote:
       | > But I suspect there are more strategic options.
       | 
       | Some other suggestions things to think about:
       | 
       | * you'll need a significant buffer (bare minimum 4-6mo) to smooth
       | out income variability. If you are on your own, you will probably
       | always have high variability.
       | 
       | * Having an "anchor" contract before you transition would really
       | help - e.g. 6-12mo with enough time committed to cover your
       | basics. This shouldn't be more than max 40% time commitment, or
       | else you won't get anything else done.
       | 
       | * You are going to become a salesperson. Commit to being decent
       | at it.
       | 
       | * Understand what service you are selling and who you are
       | targeting. You could have a high value, short engagement
       | consulting business where you mostly talk to execs, you could
       | have a higher volume (hours), lower cost, longer engagement
       | business where you mostly provide bandwidth or experience
       | variability to engineering managers. These are not the same
       | business; trying to do both will probably fail.
       | 
       | * pricing is a signal. It's also hard to change.
       | 
       | * billing hourly is easier for you and them at first, but will
       | put you in a box. billing by value will bring in a lot more $
       | assuming you can a) sell it and b) deliver
       | 
       | * what work you accept and don't accept is also a strong signal,
       | but in the early days there is a tendency to take anything that
       | comes along when you need revenue. Be careful not to pigeonhole
       | yourself this way.
       | 
       | * cashflow issues will surprise you. If you are billing large
       | orgs (especially public sector) you may have no choice on payment
       | terms (but you will get paid). Outside of that, decide some you
       | can live with and communicate very clearly. Net-15 or Net-30 with
       | a proper discount will help you on flow.
        
         | gred wrote:
         | I think the anchor contract is a great idea. Basically, try to
         | make the type of time commitment that you've been avoiding due
         | to your FTE status.
         | 
         | If you're able to do that, it's both a good indicator that
         | you'll be able to do it again in the future, and a good way to
         | avoid too much of an income gap when you quit. Signing that
         | contract is the trigger to quit your FTE job.
         | 
         | However if you can't do it, it's a good idea to figure out why
         | and address the issue before making the jump.
        
       | mrcartmenez wrote:
       | I'm an Angular/full stack dev consultant in the UK. I quit my job
       | and took a contracting role. That was it.
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | A contracting "role" is not being an "owner-operator" of a
         | consultancy.
        
       | jijji wrote:
       | The way I did it was I saved up money every month and then I
       | would go on the tax auctions and buy property at the courthouse
       | for one third to one tenth of retail value around 15k for double
       | wides and 30k for block houses, and then do house hacking put 5
       | people in each house efficiences at 600/month per room and did
       | that until i made more per week than i made at my job, then quit,
       | then wrote my own software and I make 1000x what i make by myself
       | through my own SaaS and service sites, mostly automated, and use
       | the cash to put new property... now i have over 500 renters and
       | it runs by itself and 95% pay on time... its just a good passive
       | income investment and i make my money back in less than a year
       | from each investment... i also have a crew of guys thats work on
       | two houses simultaneously getting them ready and once the rooms
       | are setup, i have a waiting list so the rooms get rented the day
       | they sre ready...
        
       | wessorh wrote:
       | It was 1993, my first job in Silicon Valley. After about 6 months
       | my boss said "you don't belong here." He hired me as a consultant
       | an 1/2 time and the same salary. Danny helped me start out as a
       | consultant building "webistes" for companies. I've been on my own
       | ever since, helped many a friedn start their own companies too.
       | Thanks Danny Baron that was a solid move.
       | 
       | -rick
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | Cut your expenses! You shouldn't be dipping into savings.
       | 
       | A B C: Always Be Closing. You need to be closing your next deal
       | while you are still working the last one.
       | 
       | Don't be afraid to hire an EA to do contracts and quoting and
       | invoicing and whatnot. Your job is sales and the work itself.
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | Try to plan work ahead with paying clients so you have some
       | guarantee you'll have some income.
       | 
       | I personally moved to contracting, got a 6 month contract, which
       | wasn't too dissimilar to being employee.
       | 
       | That gave me time in between contracts to build products, which
       | ramped up. Incidentally I went back to FTE with side projects for
       | personal reasons (paternity leave in primis) and I'm now about to
       | do the jump to product only. I'm not excluding doing the odd
       | contract if money is low in the future.
       | 
       | Savings wise we're a bit on the extreme side, we can either buy a
       | house or live for 15 years without work.
       | 
       | I would say 1-2 year of savings would be plenty.
        
       | andersource wrote:
       | I had a lot of PTO accumulated from years of FTE, mostly unused.
       | Talked with my manager to get approval for starting a side
       | business, then used the PTO to get 1-2 days a week to work on it
       | (also with manager's approval of course). I did this for 4 months
       | and by the time my PTO ran out I was ready to go for it and quit.
       | The plan was, if after 2~3 months it doesn't start to get off the
       | ground, rethink my plans and probably not quit.
        
       | tomlagier wrote:
       | Hmm, I'm doing this now & it's been a lot more of an informal
       | process than the top comment. I'm still working with mostly
       | startups who need extra bandwidth on their MVP.
       | 
       | The reason I started is for the flexibility. I'd like to be able
       | to schedule a month or two to travel each year and this seems out
       | of the parameters of most FTE positions. I'd also like to enjoy
       | the outdoors more than a typical 9-5 + commute will allow for.
       | 
       | I actually quit my FTE job at the beginning of the year with the
       | intent of traveling for most of 2020. COVID cut that short, and I
       | decided to contract once we got back for maximum flexibility. I
       | did have enough savings for at least 6 months to start, but only
       | ended up needing to draw down about a month's worth before the
       | contracting income was enough to live on.
       | 
       | I started by tapping my network. I also reached out on hiring
       | platforms and tech communities, and started self-promoting via
       | blog and social posts (though I havn't kept this up at all,
       | perhaps to my detriment).
       | 
       | It didn't take long to secure some small contracts, in the $5 to
       | $10k range for a month or two of work. Doing a good job on these
       | opened me up to further work with those companies. I also kept my
       | ear open on LinkedIn, though the vast majority of people on there
       | and most hiring platforms are looking for FTE.
       | 
       | Every company that I've worked for has wanted to engage me for
       | longer, but I've found that startups are most willing to look to
       | contractors for flexible and part time work.
       | 
       | My most lucrative but least fulfilling contract was 6 months of a
       | mostly-9-to-5, this just felt like being an employee with worse
       | benefits.
       | 
       | Currently, I am working hourly for a couple of small orgs doing
       | some odds-and-ends feature work that's outside of their in-house
       | developers expertise, and I have an 11-day-a-month contract with
       | one of the companies I did project-based work with last year.
       | 
       | This is enough to provide a stable SWE salary with a lot more
       | flexibility. I won't be multiplying the value of my time unless I
       | get into "product-esque" consulting (security, SEO, privacy,
       | accessibility audits), or start working with larger companies.
       | 
       | My workload meets my needs for now, but if I want to grow a
       | business I'll need to refine my offering, target larger
       | companies, and generally put a more professional face forward.
       | I'm not sure this is what I'm interested - I've always been more
       | of an engineer than a business person, so I'm leaning towards
       | working on product with some other people in the free time that
       | my flexible schedule affords.
       | 
       | Some tidbits of advice:
       | 
       | * Get an accountant early on. Money well spent, and will save you
       | a brutal headache when you run into tax questions in the next
       | year.
       | 
       | * I havn't felt the need for a lawyer yet. I suspect if/when I
       | start working with larger organizations, I'll need that next. I
       | have not had much difficulty putting contracts together or
       | getting paid, but I suspect my good luck will come to an end
       | eventually :)
       | 
       | * I did incorporate as an LLC. It hasn't been particularly useful
       | yet, but it might in the future.
       | 
       | * Knowing _why_ you are contacting is important. If you're
       | working with people from the same company 9-5 for months at a
       | time, having a daily standup with them - is that really much
       | different from being a FTE? In some sense, yes, because you can
       | change teams more quickly and easily than FTE, but you take on
       | quite a bit of overhead to do it. You'll need to really work at
       | building a schedule that accomplishes _your_ goals. Everyone
       | wants more of your time!
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | Depends on how much money you need.
       | 
       | I only did big projects (>4 months).
       | 
       | This way I only needed 2 a year.
       | 
       | I searched online and send like 10 applications a month. Which
       | isn't that much.
       | 
       | But since I only needed two companies to agree every year, the
       | odds were in my favour.
        
       | Wolfr_ wrote:
       | As a dev? Just put yourself out there as a freelancer with a nice
       | website. Take jobs, ask money, bill it.
        
       | siralonso wrote:
       | I've been consulting full-time since my early 20s - it's been an
       | adventure!
       | 
       | You could talk to your current employer about switching to a
       | part-time contract - it seems like in the last couple of years,
       | more companies (especially startups) are comfortable with this +
       | remote. If you can get them at 20/wk, that will give you some
       | good security while you work to fill the other 20 (sounds like
       | you may already have a jump on that).
       | 
       | Have a lot of meetings with friends and past coworkers, and let
       | them know you're striking out on your own with a particular
       | skillset. All of my best projects have come from connections, and
       | my worst ones have been anonymous inbounds/etc. If you're in-
       | demand, you should be able to line something up before reducing
       | your FTE hours or quitting your job. It might take some time to
       | find a good set of clients + rhythm, and you want to avoid
       | "burning savings" during that period as much as possible.
       | 
       | Do good work. It's good for your clients, good for referrals, and
       | good for your soul. You're a craftsman, and your name is attached
       | to your work in a new way as a consultant.
       | 
       | I charge a reasonably high hourly rate for my work, and my
       | clients are usually around 15-20 hours a week. I've found two
       | clients to be the right number for me. For them, it's a way to
       | get senior experience on the team for the yearly price of a more
       | junior dev, and for me it's a way to make a good salary, while
       | getting to work with startups and enjoying some freedom and
       | flexibility to do the things I love (traveling and learning to
       | fly!).
       | 
       | I try to keep a bit of "slush time" (like 5 hrs/wk or so) to work
       | on interesting one-off client projects that come along. They're
       | fun and stimulating, and they keep me sharp at selling my skills
       | to completely fresh clients. I normally work on the
       | frontend/backend, so getting to work with things like Swift or
       | ARKit is great. These projects are also really low-pressure,
       | because my main stream of income comes from steady long-term
       | engagements. This is my "blogging".
       | 
       | I jumped in feet-first, but I was a broke college student (and
       | self-taught developer) when I started so my burn rate was
       | ridiculously low. It took me a long time to find a good pace and
       | to build a good network, and I started a few companies along the
       | way. I'd only recommend doing it this way if you're young and
       | resilient - in retrospect, I could have been doing many of the
       | things I needed to do (getting experience, finding clients,
       | making friends) with a more stable salary. I don't know if I
       | would have, though - so the pressure was helpful in some ways. I
       | was also lucky to be in a stage of life where stability was less
       | important than adventure.
       | 
       | Hope some of that is useful, and best of luck striking out on
       | your own!
        
       | rodolphoarruda wrote:
       | I did it the first time back in 2009 when I was laid-off from HP.
       | I was in close contact with external teams in India doing
       | programming work for the projects I was in. So when bad news
       | came, I asked the engagement managers from those companies if I
       | could partner with them in case I decided to run my own business
       | selling outsourced dev work in India. One of the answers was:
       | "Not really. We are too expensive for you... but, I can put you
       | in contact with my cousin who runs a much smaller company with
       | prices you can afford". So I went ahead that way and ran my
       | business in partnership with this Indian company for 4 years. It
       | was a remarkable experience for a first time entrepreneur.
        
       | andrewmcwatters wrote:
       | Most comments here are about right. What they do not discuss at
       | length is that you'll need to be searching for clients in the
       | middle of projects and possibly scheduling them in or adjusting
       | your staff appropriately as needed. Smaller consultancies may
       | need to search for clients and schedule them in months later, or
       | adjust staff on-demand to account for onboarded clients.
       | 
       | Yes, finding work is important, doing the work is important, and
       | getting paid is important, but the latter two are not as
       | important if you know what you're doing and you work with people
       | who will pay you. Those parts are _not_ hard. Sales _is_ "hard,"
       | in so much as it takes time.
       | 
       | The risk factor involved in my previous statement is that they
       | shop around and rescind the work agreement because their
       | timetable has immediate needs. Not a lot of clients are patient.
       | 
       | It's sort of a basic thing that goes without saying, but once you
       | get into this line of work, you'll learn a lot about HR,
       | compensation packages for your contractors/employees and
       | corporate tools.
        
       | mooreds wrote:
       | A friend (who has consulted for a long time) once said that there
       | are three parts to being a successful consultant:
       | * finding the work       * doing the work       * getting paid
       | for the work
       | 
       | When you are an FTE, the only thing you have to focus on is doing
       | the work. That's one of the reasons you get paid less as an FTE
       | than as a consultant.
       | 
       | I've transitioned twice from FTE roles to long periods of
       | consulting.
       | 
       | Things I'd consider if I was doing it now (some advice only
       | applicable within the USA, sorry):                  * have
       | savings. I think 12 months is too much, I'd probably aim for 6.
       | If you have a house, open a HELOC now and draw it down.         *
       | more important than the number of months is your comfort with
       | your runway and your planning on how to exit consulting if things
       | don't go well. Don't wait until you have no money left to apply
       | for jobs.         * if you want to buy a home, talk to a mortgage
       | lender while still employed and see what the options are for self
       | employed folks. When I last checked (years ago) you needed to
       | have two years of self employment income to qualify for a
       | mortgage.        * Depending on your skills, you may be able to
       | find part time work pretty easily. For instance, if you are
       | devops person and want to do training, there are opportunities
       | out there. Training on cutting edge tech, if you like to teach,
       | pairs quite nicely with consulting.        * Reach out to past
       | colleagues and ask if they have any needs for extra hands. These
       | folks who know you will be a great source of work and you won't
       | have to spend as much effort selling them--they know you are
       | great.        * cut your costs now. If you aren't watching your
       | finances closely, take a look and plug any leaks.        *
       | discuss the risk/reward with your family, if you have one. You'll
       | be taking on additional risk and stress. Don't have that be a
       | surprise.        * start a blog about your specialized business
       | if you haven't already. This is a great way to 1) showcase your
       | expertise in a scalable manner and 2) keep you on top of your
       | game, since you'll be researching to write the posts.
       | 
       | Best of luck!
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | Oh yeah, one more USA specific thing. Factor in health
         | insurance costs. A catastrophic or high deductible plan is
         | probably a good option, but the right plan depends on your
         | circumstances. Don't forget it though.
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | This can't be stated strongly enough: You _must_ have the
           | stomach for dealing with a lot more  "medical billing B.S."
           | if you're going to purchase a high deductible health
           | insurance plan.
           | 
           | I was on an individual HDHP for nearly 20 years (pre and
           | post-ACA) and it maddening trying to explain to medical
           | professionals that I actually cared about the cost of
           | treatments. (Never mind trying to get cost estimates before
           | treatments-- that's nearly impossible.)
           | 
           | I once found myself nearly begging an ER physician to order a
           | specific lower-cost diagnostic test in lieu of the higher-
           | cost test she wanted to order. She couldn't seem to believe
           | that I had a low 5-figure deductible and that I cared about
           | the cost of treatments. She was incredulous. That's happened
           | multiple times.
           | 
           | (If you have children and you talk to medical professionals
           | about pricing be prepared to be treated like a bad parent who
           | places economic value over their child's well-being.)
        
           | binaryblitz wrote:
           | This is a hard one for me. My wife and I want/need a good
           | plan. One that doesn't require us to get referrals, and has
           | good coverage for medication. I would happily pay for this
           | plan, but I can't seem to find one on my own. Nothing is
           | comparable to what I currently have through my employer.
        
             | atweiden wrote:
             | In the US, decent health insurance plans are all corporate.
             | Particularly if you want something non-HMO with reasonable
             | out-of-state coverage.
             | 
             | A few states have laws on the books which compel health
             | insurance companies there to sell corporate health
             | insurance plans to sole proprietors and single member LLCs.
             | Florida is one example.
             | 
             | (Florida also tends to have some of the best health
             | insurance options in general in the US, at least as of
             | several years ago.)
             | 
             | Sadly, just because the state law says health insurers must
             | sell corporate plans to sole proprietors and single member
             | LLCs doesn't mean those health insurers will happily sell
             | you a corporate plan without a fight. For example, I tried
             | to buy a corporate health insurance plan via a Florida sole
             | proprietorship, per the state law. Every Florida insurer I
             | contacted refused to sell me a corporate plan.
             | 
             | I ended up calling the FL regulators who ensured me Florida
             | law indeed does compel these companies to sell me the plan.
             | They either just didn't want to sell me the plan, or their
             | corporate division was entirely unfamiliar with working
             | with sole proprietors. I left the US shortly thereafter.
             | 
             | If I were in the US, I'd try for a corporate plan again,
             | maybe even in Florida. Unless something has changed, the
             | alternative is far worse. E.g. paying $600+ per month for a
             | plan with essentially zero out-of-state coverage, a
             | deductible so high it almost makes no sense to even have
             | the insurance plan at all for a healthy young person, and a
             | bunch of weasely out clauses that let them screw you over
             | even if you pay them ludicrous sums of money. Plus if
             | you're on an individual plan, the health insurers tend to
             | systematically deprioritize you compared to their corporate
             | customers who have far more bargaining power than you do. I
             | would sooner go uninsured, or leave the US entirely.
        
             | mawise wrote:
             | If you're in the US, have you explored
             | https://healthcare.gov ?
        
         | fiftyacorn wrote:
         | I'd add a 4th as there is getting the money to your company
         | then getting it to you as tax efficiently as possible. This
         | normally involves waiting for year end or pension
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | I think that's a great thing to think about when you are
           | established.
           | 
           | A bit of overkill/premature optimization when you are
           | starting, though.
        
         | tomlagier wrote:
         | > * if you want to buy a home, talk to a mortgage lender while
         | still employed and see what the options are for self employed
         | folks. When I last checked (years ago) you needed to have two
         | years of self employment income to qualify for a mortgage.
         | 
         | This is still true per the lenders I've talked to as of late
         | last year.
        
         | garrickvanburen wrote:
         | I was on my own for 14 years.
         | 
         | Yes, doing the work and selling the work and getting paid are 3
         | different jobs.
         | 
         | It is possible to build a sustainable business on top of 90 day
         | engagements. I don't recommend it, but it is possible.
         | 
         | You need to consider yourself a small business. Not a
         | freelancer, not a consultant, but a small business.
         | 
         | Get a good accountant to keep you um...accountable.
         | 
         | Alan Weiss is my favorite author on how to run a high margin
         | solo business.
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | I never had the guts or expertise to do value based pricing,
           | but that is certainly an intriguing path.
           | 
           | The "value based pricing" book was great. Here's a nice "hot
           | take": https://www.alanweiss.com/styles/pdf/The%20Case%20for%
           | 20Valu...
        
           | jmll wrote:
           | Which works by Weiss would you recommend first? Thanks!
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | I was on my own for 15 years (ending in 2019). It was a great
           | ride, and if factors outside the business itself hadn't put
           | the brakes on it I'd still be doing it today.
           | 
           | re: sustainable business on short engagements - I had a mix
           | of long-term contracts and short-term gigs. The short term
           | gigs were the most fun, but most stressful, so I always tried
           | to bill them at the highest rate (and didn't mind if I didn't
           | get the gig because I was bidding too high). I valued the
           | long-term gigs tremendously for the "stability" they
           | provided.
           | 
           | Having a diversity of Customers was the key to my piece-of-
           | mind. As long as I didn't do something so bad that my name
           | would appear in the newspaper I knew I could screw-up with
           | one or more Customers and still have a livelihood, even if I
           | did have to tighten the belt for awhile.
           | 
           | I can't agree w/ the statement re: considering yourself a
           | small business enough.
           | 
           | Definitely have an accountant. Learn bookkeeping if you want
           | to minimize accountant expense. Take a 100-level college
           | accounting class and you'll know enough for a solo venture.
        
       | fergie wrote:
       | The 'Nike' approach: I just did it.
       | 
       | I wasn't independently wealthy, but I am pretty good with money,
       | and had a fair bit of capital tied up in my house, so I had
       | enough runway to last a few years without earning a penny.
       | 
       | Although I am first and foremost a software engineer, I had also
       | worked a bit with sales in a software consultancy, and had also
       | had a few years as a CTO where I had to hire consultants (its not
       | super common to have experience in all three of these areas).
       | Additionally I had a few semi-successful projects on GitHub (~2k
       | stars, 1m+ downloads a year), so I had a modicum of tech-
       | credibility.
       | 
       | So as it turned out getting work was super easy. I knew the sales
       | process pretty well from a vendor and customer perspective, and I
       | could also do the work myself. I had expected it to be harder
       | than it was.
       | 
       | What was a bit unexpected was getting somewhat "stuck". 2-3 years
       | in I began to realize that being a "super consultant" is a bit of
       | a poisoned chalice. If you are always billed out 100%, then it
       | doesnt really make sense to work with other people because you
       | either have to partner up, in which case you can only make the
       | same or less money; or you have to run a stable of less qualified
       | consultants, which basically means a lot less money until you
       | have got 10-20 or so, and then going hard after government
       | contracts or subcontracting to more established consultancies.
       | Consultancy is a bit of a grind, and thats a shame, because the
       | exciting thing about software is that you can make stuff that can
       | become really popular and really lucrative, really quickly. Tech
       | consultancy is quite similar to corporate law- you make _quite_ a
       | lot of money, but you wont get properly rich, and you will really
       | have to work for it.
       | 
       | If I was to do it again, I would partner up with some like minded
       | people, get financing for a couple of years and build a product
       | company. It might do well, it might not, but it would be more
       | fun.
       | 
       | (Also, practical advice for being a consultant: ask for much more
       | that you think is reasonable- they quite often say yes to
       | whatever terms you suggest)
        
       | psim1 wrote:
       | Nearly every comment here has provided valuable words to
       | consider. Thank you all.
        
       | alfl wrote:
       | In the end I just jumped. For me, thinking about how to jump
       | optimally was procrastination. "Jumping optimally" was a fine-
       | grained optimization whereas the act of jumping, itself, was a
       | huge huge coarse-grained optimization.
       | 
       | Do what's right for you, but I jumped and never looked back.
        
       | xyzzy21 wrote:
       | You have to start somewhere but it will involve pain. No matter
       | what you do.
       | 
       | You also have to be willing to let go of everything you think you
       | "can't live without". Likely that means being willing to
       | dump/avoid women and/or no longer being an over-extended
       | financially by expenses like having mortgage and run-up credit
       | cards.
       | 
       | You will fail - that's 100% NECESSARY to learn enough to succeed
       | to not fail. So you have to deal with losing these things. Women
       | don't care about your struggles; they only care about standing at
       | the finish lines and picking the winners.
       | 
       | I was forced into it by Silicon Valley age-discrimination - I had
       | to find a way to pay my bills, but every company was telling me I
       | wasn't a good "cultural fit". I was also seeing this when I was
       | passed over for promotion by yes-men who have demonstrably worse
       | track records and lower IQ.
       | 
       | My "lack of cultural fit" was both reaching an age where I no
       | longer gave a shit about "playing the game" and realizing I was
       | smarter than my bosses.
       | 
       | I ended up losing my marriage as a result of jumping off - she
       | didn't want someone struggling to make something better - she
       | only wanted a winner. I had been one but it collapsed on me and
       | she has zero fucks for that.
       | 
       | Eventually I lost another marriage but after that, I had only my
       | own spending to worry about and my own lifestyle needs to meet
       | which were far cheaper than what most women will put up with. You
       | can only succeed as being self-employed or sole proprietor or an
       | entrepreneur if you are willing to lose everything and still claw
       | back to try again.
       | 
       | I sold one of my companies a few years back and that pretty much
       | set me up for several more companies I had in mind. They involve
       | things I love and that are in demand so they will make money.
       | That's how you win. It's ONLY about you, and never we.
        
         | cupcake-unicorn wrote:
         | Wow, this is really sexist/misogynistic. Don't project your
         | issues onto women in general due to the outcome of your
         | marriage. Also, I'm going to go out on a limb and guess that in
         | this case and a lot of cases relationship issues has to do more
         | with the partner's unavailability, physical and emotional and
         | bringing stress over finances into the relationship, more than
         | the actual financial limitations themselves.
         | 
         | If people in your life are constantly dissatisfied and jumping
         | ship due to your self employment work you may be suffering from
         | workaholism. It's true that during certain periods people just
         | don't have time for a relationship and that's fair to avoid
         | that but if you're in an established relationship you need to
         | examine your priorities and have a really serious talk.
        
           | medicineman wrote:
           | Wow, way to ignore the age discrimination so you can virtue
           | signal with a clean conscience.
        
         | chexx wrote:
         | Do you have an email/discord? Would like to connect with you on
         | a few things.
        
       | jan_Inkepa wrote:
       | Company I was working for went bust (probably too much of a wimp
       | to quit of my own accord), came into some money from family, and
       | someone else just gave me a lump sum of money to get started.
       | Quite the long take-off strip. Once I got into the air I was able
       | to stay there, have been going for over a decade since then. Alas
       | not much actionable advice for others. Welp. Good luck!
        
       | sidpuri wrote:
       | i found a job in a different country.
       | 
       | with deel.com and remote.com it's pretty easy to do self
       | employment
        
       | dlnovell wrote:
       | I held my nose and jumped in feet first. Actually, I spent 3
       | months backpacking around Europe first, then went home and just
       | didn't get a new job. It took 6 months to land a client, then 2
       | to land another, then 1 to land a third and then I was off to the
       | races.
       | 
       | I would not do that approach again.
       | 
       | You've already got some consulting revenue, that's a great start.
       | Do you have a solid 6 months of living expenses saved up? If not,
       | do that. Do you have a portfolio of different projects you've
       | done and a good way to communicate them? If not, do that.
       | 
       | In the small amount of free time you currently have, I'd look
       | very selectively for a large contract. Once you land it, put in
       | your two weeks and make the jump.
       | 
       | Once you're on your own, never stop prospecting. Even when you
       | have too much to do to take on a new client, you have to keep the
       | pipeline full - it's the only way to make it work because you'll
       | invariably have some contracts end abruptly. I was real bad at
       | that part of it, and that's why I stopped after ~4 years.
        
         | rootsudo wrote:
         | Same story as me, backpacked Asia for a year, went back home,
         | landed a client, then another and another.
         | 
         | Time management became my biggest issue, fired one client and
         | now balance two.
         | 
         | And been stuck in USA since covid, sigh.
        
         | dominotw wrote:
         | > It took 6 months to land a client
         | 
         | How does one go about finding a client.
        
           | tomlagier wrote:
           | Advertise.
           | 
           | * Tap your network. Post on social, bug old coworkers, ask
           | friends and family. Know what skills you are selling and at
           | what price.
           | 
           | * Build your brand. Create a website, LinkedIn, and social
           | media accounts. Start blogging or posting regularly
           | somewhere. Even if you don't get clients this way, it will
           | increase your credibility.
           | 
           | * Reach out. Look through job postings and hiring sites. Cold
           | email companies that you're interested in working with.
           | Refine your elevator pitch. Join networking communities.
        
       | achenatx wrote:
       | I think the easiest way is this:
       | 
       | 1) Start as a contractor.
       | 
       | 2) Look to join teams that are set to grow.
       | 
       | 3) Get paid hourly to a company entity instead of to yourself.
       | 
       | 4) Make sure your rate has a 40-50% margin above a salary
       | 
       | 5) Pay attention to staffing needs at your client.
       | 
       | 6) When you see a possible need, be proactive about getting
       | someone in that you have vetted or trust under your company
       | umbrella.
       | 
       | 7) Rinse and repeat.
       | 
       | At about 4-8 people you will be making less money as you wont
       | have time to work, you will be managing people but they might not
       | be making you as much as you made when you were billing as an
       | individual.
       | 
       | You will just have to tough it out. you will likely make mistakes
       | in hiring, lose customers and reset down to 1-3 where you are
       | doing the work again.
       | 
       | Eventually you will have two simultaneous customers. Sometimes
       | you will drop back to one, but eventually you will get 3 etc.
       | 
       | Most of your growth will come from existing customers, for us it
       | is still 80% from existing customers, 20% from new customers. We
       | are at about 60 people
       | 
       | The very first thing I outsourced was accounting (in the first
       | week). The very next was an admin who could also manage a
       | recruiting process. I happened to get a big first deal from a
       | former employer and jumped to 10 people in the first year. But
       | dropped back down during the 2001 recession and had to start
       | over.
       | 
       | I hate networking and have never (rarely) found clients except
       | the first. Therefore I dont think an ability to network is
       | important. Im an introvert and try to minimize my contact with
       | other people. I tend to hide in my office...
       | 
       | As soon as I could I started with a salesperson who could start
       | to prospect.
        
       | miles wrote:
       | Start by reading Steve Friedl's excellent "So you want to be a
       | consultant...?" http://unixwiz.net/techtips/be-consultant.html .
        
         | jimmyvalmer wrote:
         | 11,438 words of "business" platitudes. Then again a lot of
         | consulting is couching everything in mba-speak.
        
         | beckingz wrote:
         | This was really good! Lots of useful advice.
        
       | whytaka wrote:
       | In my own humble way, I've found that a minimally sustainable way
       | is to find small companies that are making good money but their
       | technical needs are not vast but want flexible and reliable
       | custom implementation. If you can find a few of these companies
       | and can furnish them with all their technical wants you are
       | likely to be able negotiate small retainers quickly in order to
       | be available on demand. These companies have ideas they work on
       | and want to try out and you will be there to execute it.
       | 
       | You become a natural and trusted partner in this relationship,
       | provided you do give them the degree of commitment the retainer
       | demands. With the retainers, you are given bare financial
       | security. With security, you are free to try ideas of your own
       | and that could be the best part.
        
       | kingsuper20 wrote:
       | Most people I know who are successful contractors got their start
       | by being ex-coworkers with middle/senior management at the
       | company who hires them for their first gig. It's a kind of mafia.
       | 
       | Good luck. There's a lot of surprises. More complex taxes, issues
       | with liability, marketing (not an engineer's strong suit
       | typically), extracting cash from clients, the cost of health
       | insurance/SS, the need to appear to be self-employed from a tax
       | standpoint. Small companies don't know why it's so expensive,
       | large ones push the payment out in time, entrepreneurs will trade
       | you .1% of the company for a ton of work because their idea is so
       | darn good.
       | 
       | OTOH, self-employed IRAs are pretty sweet.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-04-30 23:02 UTC)