[HN Gopher] GitHub blocks FLoC across all of GitHub Pages
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       GitHub blocks FLoC across all of GitHub Pages
        
       Author : pimterry
       Score  : 517 points
       Date   : 2021-04-28 10:49 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.blog)
        
       | yewenjie wrote:
       | I have been seeing a lot of FLoC articles recently. Can someone
       | please ELI5 for me what FLoC is and why is it bad?
        
       | severak_cz wrote:
       | I actually have an idea for browser extension:
       | 
       | implement document.interestCohort() and return some useless junk
       | or better fake data (e.g. this user cats pictures and nothing
       | else). However I run into that there is no documentation of how
       | cohort ID is specified. This lead to another question - how are
       | ad companies supposed to actually target their audience with it
       | if there is no translation between cohorts and target groups? (I
       | assume Google already has some translation)
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> how are ad companies supposed to actually target their
         | audience with it if there is no translation between cohorts and
         | target groups?_
         | 
         | Even as an opaque identifier it's still useful. Imagine you run
         | a store and you log the FLoC cohorts of your customers. You
         | could then target ads at the most common cohorts you've seen as
         | a way to say "show my ads to more people similar to my existing
         | customers".
         | 
         | (Disclosure: I work on ads at Google, speaking only for myself)
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | For those who want to know why FLoC _may be_ a bad idea see
       | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-...
       | 
       | How much monopolistic behavior does Google have to engage in
       | before antitrust laws have enough teeth? It also seems to me that
       | Google has been more aggressive in its monopolistic behavior in
       | different areas the more there is talks of regulations raining
       | down on it. Maybe they know the end is near and are trying to get
       | away with as much as possible before that happens.
        
       | pmurt7 wrote:
       | I have just switched to Brave (this browser blocks FLoC across
       | all the web). I regret no trying this browser earlier. Also this
       | IPFS stuff seems very interesting (kind of Bittorrent for the
       | web).
        
       | skaul wrote:
       | In case folks are interested, I wrote an open source Chrome
       | extension that removes the FLoC API on every page load so
       | websites can't get your FLoC cohort ID:
       | https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/floc-block/amoljng...
        
       | oblio wrote:
       | What's FLoC?
        
       | flixic wrote:
       | Remarkably short blog post. I would have appreciated a "why", to
       | help build the voice of opposition.
       | 
       | Also, what about github.com itself?
        
         | progval wrote:
         | > Also, what about github.com itself?
         | 
         | Shouldn't matter. FLoC isn't enabled if they don't use the
         | `document.interestCohort()` API and if Chromium doesn't detect
         | ads; at least for now.
         | https://seirdy.one/2021/04/16/permissions-policy-floc-misinf...
        
           | paultopia wrote:
           | This is a bit confusing. That post seems to suggest that (1)
           | adding the header is not necessary to prevent one's site from
           | "leveraging" floc, ie, identifying users, unless one already
           | runs ads, and hence (2) that the header isn't necessary in
           | most cases.
           | 
           | But it _also_ says:
           | 
           |  _What adding this header does is exclude your website from
           | being used when calcualting a user's cohort. A cohort is an
           | identifier shared with a few thousand other users, calculated
           | locally from browsing history; sites that send this header
           | will be excluded from this calculation. The EFF estimates
           | that a cohort ID can add up to 8 bits of of entropy to a
           | user's fingerprint._
           | 
           |  _Being excluded from cohort calculation has a chance to
           | place a user in a different cohort, altering a user's
           | fingerprint. This new fingerprint may or may not have more
           | entropy than the one derived without being excluded._
           | 
           | But is individual fingerprinting really the concern? What if
           | I don't want google clustering people who visit my page with
           | people who visit similar pages? In they case, the header
           | still helps protect their privacy, right? By making Google's
           | website visit interest based clustering less substantively
           | accurate? Or am I misunderstanding how floc works?
        
             | SamBam wrote:
             | I'm also interested in understanding this.
             | 
             | My company is a non-profit and doesn't serve ads on our
             | website. Should we ensure this header exists for our site?
        
               | merb wrote:
               | yes
        
             | Seirdy wrote:
             | (Am author) Google's FLoC cohorts are determiend by
             | browsing history. If your page is excluded thereby giving
             | other pages a higher weight, it doesn't necessarily reduce
             | the bits of entropy in a user's fingerprint. Cohorts will
             | still have roughly the same number of people and thus make
             | it about as easy to identify users.
             | 
             | If you add the header to your site, do it for the right
             | reason. It could mess with unsophisticated ad targeting,
             | but it won't necessarily make a difference wrt. privacy.
             | Energy is better spent getting users off of any browser
             | that supports FLoC (Chrome, probably Chromium too).
        
               | paultopia wrote:
               | I guess the question here is what you mean by "privacy."
               | It seems to me that privacy goes beyond merely avoiding
               | the risk of fingerprinting, or individualized
               | identification. Collective identification is also a
               | privacy problem: if I get advertisements targeted at
               | people with similar political beliefs to mine because
               | I've labelled as a member of a cohort that has visited a
               | cluster of X-leaning news sites, that seems objectionable
               | independent of whether the owner of some website can also
               | distinguish me as an individual from every other member
               | of the cohort.
        
           | bugmen0t wrote:
           | It would be if an (advertisement) iframe did, no?
        
           | youngtaff wrote:
           | Yeh, but what happens when Google Analytics adds
           | `document.interestCohort` and ~90% of the web get opted in?
        
             | shawnz wrote:
             | If you are already embedding Google Analytics on your page,
             | then surely all bets are off for your users' privacy?
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | Yes, but aren't they different?
               | 
               | If we have GA, _we 're_ getting some information and
               | _Google_ is getting some information, but are they
               | sharing this information about users directly with
               | advertisers?
               | 
               | The premise of FLoC is that they are explicitly tagging
               | you in a group specifically for advertisers.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | It's not just GA though it's any analytics or other 3rd-
               | party that decides it wants to collect the cohort data
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | It's not really a blog post, even though it's pushed out over
         | their "blog" endpoint. This post is part of
         | https://github.blog/changelog/ which tends to lean closer to
         | the "git commit message" length than blog post length. Just a
         | statement of changes they've made users may notice or be
         | affected by.
        
         | nnamtr wrote:
         | > Also, what about github.com itself?
         | 
         | Don't ask, try it. curl says: permissions-policy: interest-
         | cohort=()
        
         | darkcha0s wrote:
         | FWIW the duckduckgo extension already shows the github.com
         | website as tracker free, so they take a pretty strong stance on
         | privacy. I think the why (ie. why does github take this stance
         | on user pages) is pretty self explanatory in this situation.
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | $ curl -o /dev/null -v https://github.com/ 2>&1 | grep
         | permissions-policy         < permissions-policy: interest-
         | cohort=()
        
           | est31 wrote:
           | Btw you can do this much shorter with the _curl -I_ parameter
           | which lists the return headers.
        
             | jgrahamc wrote:
             | Shows how often I use curl.
        
             | johncolanduoni wrote:
             | That also causes curl to change the underlying request to a
             | HEAD request. Though according to the spec they should
             | return the same headers, it's not uncommon for sites to
             | fail to do so (some web frameworks leave this
             | responsibility to the user) or to cache these responses
             | differently.
             | 
             | Personally I reflexively use the verbose version they used
             | for these kind of investigations of server behavior after
             | being bit a few times.
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | Same here, I thought it caused cURL to do a GET request
               | and throw away the body, but it doesn't, and I've gotten
               | different results more than once.
        
               | johnvaluk wrote:
               | Also consider changing the user-agent from the default. I
               | set mine to a typical browser string in ~/.curlrc, but
               | you can also use -A/--user-agent on the command line.
        
               | iampims wrote:
               | curl -i (lowercase) prints the headers as well as the
               | response body without the verbosity of -v
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I believe you can also control what exactly is emitted
               | with -w, which is nicer than trying to parse it later.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I use -i instead of -v -o /dev/null; is there any reason
               | to prefer the latter? Is Curl smart enough to skip
               | fetching the response body with the latter?
        
           | kenniskrag wrote:
           | does -I not work? ;)
        
       | supergirl wrote:
       | does FLOC even follow EU laws? it's tracking without consent
       | right? it's basically a cookie that you can never delete?
        
       | sanxiyn wrote:
       | Thanks GitHub. Much appreciated.
        
       | captaincaveman wrote:
       | If FLoC is opt out by default as many here claim, is this news
       | saying that Github did nothing?
       | 
       | Also if it is opt-out by default I guess it will be simple to see
       | who has opted-in, a nice list of shame.
       | 
       | Does this circumvent the EU cookie laws?
        
       | Tom4hawk wrote:
       | FLoC is basically something implemented in a browser. Why website
       | owner should be bothered by it? If client decided to use browser
       | with FLoC than it's their decision. The only interesting thing
       | might be to inform user that they are using shitty browser that
       | doesn't respect their privacy and make sure that website works in
       | other browsers.
       | 
       | What if Google decides that they will ignore that header? Is
       | there anything preventing them from doing that? Do we know why
       | they decided to even implement this "workaround" with header?
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | > Is there anything preventing them from doing that?
         | 
         | Potential privacy laws, competition, bad press,... but
         | technically, nothing. Same as DoNotTrack.
         | 
         | In fact that's the whole idea behind FLoC. It is supposed to be
         | a privacy improving feature! For now, the usual tracking
         | methods based partly on third party cookies work for them,
         | certainly better than FLoC would, and they are definitely more
         | privacy invading.
         | 
         | But with things like GDPR, and with privacy being a bigger and
         | bigger selling point, Google feels like it had to find
         | something else and FLoC is their answer.
         | 
         | I don't know how the story will end but most likely in the same
         | way as DoNotTrack, which started out badly, and turned into a
         | joke when browsers started enabling it by default, disregarding
         | the recommendation.
        
           | silverwind wrote:
           | This new header seems like DoNotTrack 2.0 that Google will be
           | forced to ignore once it gains some adoption to preserve
           | their core business.
        
         | eCa wrote:
         | > If client decided to use browser with FLoC than it's their
         | decision.
         | 
         | For lots of people that's not the case. Their work mandates
         | which browser they can use, which is (partialy) why it took so
         | long for IE to go away.
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | > If client decided to use browser with FLoC than it's their
         | decision
         | 
         | Is it an _informed_ decision?
         | 
         | Most normal users use Chrome because "everyone else does", and
         | won't even have a clue what FLoC is.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | > Most normal users use Chrome because "everyone else does",
           | and won't even have a clue what FLoC is.
           | 
           | "Because it was installed on my machine bundled with some
           | third-party software" is also a big factor (but obviously,
           | nobody will give you this answer, because they don't even
           | know where Chrome came from)
        
           | Tom4hawk wrote:
           | It's definitely not an informed decision. That's why I
           | mentioned that you can inform your users about this issue. I
           | just think that this decision should not belong to
           | webmasters/site-owners.
        
             | GordonS wrote:
             | I certainly do see your point here. But the reality is that
             | Google doesn't have users' best interest at heart, and is
             | not going to be the one to responsibly inform user so they
             | can make an informed decision on their own.
        
         | dbbk wrote:
         | It's essentially virtue signalling.
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | > Why website owner should be bothered by it?
         | 
         | at least following cases would cause this:
         | 
         | (1) They are disliking tracking
         | 
         | (2) They are disliking Google
         | 
         | (3) Google is competing with them
         | 
         | (4) They want to be liked by people disliking tracking or
         | Google
        
       | _Understated_ wrote:
       | I've read recently about a fair few sites and browsers and
       | whatnot that are not going to play along with FLOC.
       | 
       | Out of curiosity, what would be the kind of figure that would
       | make Google stop using it? I mean, at what point does the data
       | from a smaller pool become useless?
       | 
       | Any ideas?
        
         | Kovah wrote:
         | I don't think that any decent figure would make Google stop
         | using it. Floc is their try on locking more and more vendors in
         | their ad ecosystem, it makes Google the superior ad provider
         | because they now have an even bigger (and more unfair)
         | advantage over other providers. My hypothesis: if you are
         | blocking floc, you are not really dependent on Google's ad
         | system, neither as a website hosting ads, nor being found
         | through ads. Unfortunately, Google owns too much of the ad
         | market and too many vendors are already dependent on Google.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Just quit using Chrome and advocate for others to do the
           | same. It's toxic to the web at this point.
        
       | encryptluks2 wrote:
       | Just like Microsoft building their own browser and then adopting
       | Chromium, before long they'll be adopting FLoC.
        
         | darkcha0s wrote:
         | >good news post about something MSFT owned on HN
         | 
         | >comment(s) about how MSFT is inherently evil and doesn't
         | deserve credit
         | 
         | The HN cycle continues.
        
           | j4yav wrote:
           | Don't forget meta comments about the grim predictability of
           | it all, also an important part of the ecosystem.
        
             | omneity wrote:
             | This just made me realize something: Once a pattern becomes
             | a meme (or close), it becomes possible to notice a higher
             | level meta pattern which itself becomes memetized ad
             | infinitum(?).
             | 
             | I predict the parent observation will itself eventually
             | become a meme to be "complained" about. Maybe this one too.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | And of course we must consider the meta comments
             | complaining about the meta comments. These all contribute
             | to the je ne sais quoi of HN.
        
           | severino wrote:
           | You forgot a third one:
           | 
           | > hn users trying to discredit the commenter and telling us
           | the "new" Microsoft is so cool, like if we owed anything to
           | them
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Is hn crowd trying to manipulate M$...
        
         | BelenusMordred wrote:
         | AMP faced far less of an onslaught and never really caught on
         | the way they hoped it would. Time will tell how this turns out
         | for them.
        
           | Jiejeing wrote:
           | Never caught on? The vast majority of the news link I
           | encounter are for the AMP version.
        
             | geerlingguy wrote:
             | I think that's part of the point; AMP became a necessity
             | for news when Google pulled their monopolistic search
             | ranking levers, but few other types of sites implemented
             | AMP since there was no real motive.
        
           | livre wrote:
           | AMP was specifically opt-in and only websites with enough man
           | power and interest to implement it did, if you wanted it you
           | had to program an entirely different page using Google's JS
           | framework and restricted subset of HTML. FLoC is opt-out and
           | requires zero intervention from web devs, if your website
           | shows ads it's already part of FLoC, it can catch on if
           | people do nothing about it.
        
       | kseistrup wrote:
       | FLoC ought to be opt-in, not opt-out.
        
         | jackson1442 wrote:
         | From what I've heard elsewhere on hn, only sites that use
         | `document.interestCohort()` contribute to a FLoC identifier.
        
           | ttt0 wrote:
           | Which can be done by any of the dozens of obfuscated
           | javascript files people embed on their websites for some
           | reason.
        
       | thinkingemote wrote:
       | Has anyone done the calculation of the amount of energy (and
       | therefore co2) used and extra bandwidth cost for adding the opt-
       | out header to most of the internet's traffic?
       | 
       | As I understand it, every response in a page has to have the
       | header, not just a containing html or an initial options.
        
         | HDMI_Cable wrote:
         | I don't think it will be that much (spoiler alert: I was
         | wrong), because only a negligible amount of web traffic will be
         | the headers themselves vs. web--pages and streamed content. And
         | the FLoC header itself will be a very small part of that
         | header, maybe 40 bytes. Those 40 bytes could fit in a singular
         | packet.
         | 
         | So, at most, FLoC will add 1 packet per header. I don't know
         | how many headers are sent total each day, but I remember
         | reading that the average person visits 100 websites per day
         | (including reloads). Out of 4 billion people who use the
         | internet, we're talking about 400 Billion response headers per
         | day.
         | 
         | Assuming that each opt out of FLoC (a portion of this is
         | Google, so that's unlikely), that means that an extra 400
         | Billion * 40 Bytes need to be sent. This is about 16 Trillion
         | extra bytes that need to be sent (16E13). I've just checked,
         | and it seems that the average Google Search is about 125kb, and
         | I found that each releases approx. 7gCO2. So dividing this out,
         | each _kilo_ byte of traffic releases 0.056 grams of CO2. For
         | each byte, that would be 0.000056 (5.6E-5) grams.
         | 
         | Multiplying that out by the 16 Trillion extra bytes, you have
         | 8.96 Million (896E7) grams of CO2, or an extra 8960 tons of CO2
         | per day. So, I was totally wrong. Jeez, that's a lot of CO2.
         | 
         | But, my calculations were a badly-estimated, worst-case
         | scenario. Also, since less websites will have third-party
         | cookies as a result of this, we would have to subtract those
         | now gone emissions. But, this is still a lot more CO2 than I
         | expected, even if it was counteracted.
        
       | rogual wrote:
       | It's exciting when the megacorps make these kinds of plays
       | against each other. I feel like I'm watching my abusive partner
       | get smacked in the mouth by my abusive ex.
        
         | hashkb wrote:
         | Yes, the title should be "Microsoft blocks FLoC..."
        
       | joana035 wrote:
       | Microsoft is pushing for their own version of FLoC AFAIK
        
       | swyx wrote:
       | alright 41 comments and everyone seems to know what FLoC is so
       | i'll be that guy.
       | 
       | What is FLoC and whats the big deal?
       | 
       | I googled https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/30/22358287/privacy-
       | ads-goog... and it seems like an attempt by Google to add
       | proprietary cohort based tracking to replace third party cookies.
       | well intentioned but could have flaws. anything else i should
       | know?
        
         | AntiImperialist wrote:
         | Yes, the most important thing you should know here is that
         | corporate "education" makes otherwise intelligent people
         | misguided.
         | 
         | FLoC is an AMAZING piece of technology, specially for privacy.
         | It doesn't need any central collection of data and yet it can
         | help companies serve ads like its done today. Everybody wins...
         | except some big companies which rely on central collection of
         | private data... or don't at all and just want to hurt the
         | advertisement industry so that they can retain more users (more
         | on this later).
         | 
         | Google just wants to serve ads so they don't care about tying
         | private data to YOU, they just want to know if you vaguely
         | match a category, hence they want to promote the use of FLoC.
         | 
         | You read mostly negative sentiments against FLoC but not any
         | detailed critique of it, because if you understood it, you
         | wouldn't be against it... or at least not as much.
         | 
         | A big loss here is EFF, which has largely been the sane voice,
         | but in this regard, they have been very shallow. Having said
         | that, you can understand a lot about what FLoC is by reading
         | their detailed articles on it :
         | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-...
         | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/08/dont-play-googles-priv...
         | 
         | What they don't tell you is that if there is no accessible
         | advertisement industry, we will have less free people... like
         | the Apple users.
         | 
         | Apple doesn't like any other competitors advertising to their
         | audience because they know that they are not competitive and
         | their entire business model relies on over-charging customers
         | and vendor locking customers into their eco-system... making it
         | more and more difficult for them to get out of it. Microsoft
         | has a similar foothold on the B2B market. A free market needs
         | easy means of advertisement so that competent products can
         | reach the masses without having to spend a lot. Long-term, FLoC
         | is not necessarily great for Google because the profiling can
         | be accessed by any advertiser, big or small... it democratizes
         | ad-targeting, which is great for the free market in general,
         | not so much for anti-free market players like Apple and
         | Microsoft.
         | 
         | If the cheap ad-market is no longer viable because of companies
         | like Apple and Microsoft suppressing it, we will have more of
         | these vendor-locked-in users... and everyone having to rely on
         | mass market advertising (think Super Bowl ads) which is only
         | accessible to the already established players. So, the internet
         | will change from a rich vibrant ecosystem into the days of
         | newspapers and TV, like we had before, only served differently.
        
         | geoduck14 wrote:
         | Thanks for being that guy. I thought HN had decided FLoC was
         | good, but I guess not.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Tyr42 wrote:
         | It's an attempt at a replacement for third party cookies. Your
         | browser look at your history and computes a "cohort" and if
         | other people's browsers do the same things, people with similar
         | history will have the same "cohort".
         | 
         | The upshot of this is advertisers only see the cohort_id, and
         | not the history (which stays local on your browser). I think
         | Google thinks it needs to give the advertisers _something_ if
         | third party cookies are going away, and this is _attempting_ to
         | preserve privacy.
         | 
         | Of course, just not sending third party cookies and not sending
         | FLoC is the "ideal" solution if you don't have advertisers
         | paying you, and some people were excited that third party
         | cookies are going away, and hoped that nothing would replace
         | them.
         | 
         | (Disclaimer, work on Gmail, this is my own opinion, I only
         | really know what I read on HN)
        
           | nautilus12 wrote:
           | Hold up, doesn't something central still need to decide what
           | cohort you are and store your individual data? How does it
           | decide what cohort you are locally without pulling data about
           | other users down locally or sending your individual data up?
           | Is it comparing your behavior tensor with the cohorts or
           | something like that?
        
             | nebulous1 wrote:
             | Yes, although the central service provides data that a
             | browser-side algorithm can use to put the user into a
             | cohort. The browser history itself isn't directly sent to
             | the service.
             | 
             | Each browser developer would have to decide which central
             | service to use, whether their own or somebody else's.
        
           | woofie11 wrote:
           | This is not attempting to preserve privacy. This is
           | attempting to give a pretense of preserving privacy, while
           | completely deanonymizing the web.
           | 
           | This is browser fingerprinting on steroids. In addition to
           | things like screen resolution and OS, you get a FLoC ID.
           | Browser fingerprinting already works very well. FLoC
           | supercharges it, and adds profiling information.
           | 
           | FLoC also gathers information from web sites which otherwise
           | Google could not track. Since your browser is tracking you,
           | they don't even need Google Analytics installed.
        
             | granzymes wrote:
             | > This is not attempting to preserve privacy. This is
             | attempting to give a pretense of preserving privacy, while
             | completely deanonymizing the web.
             | 
             | Cookies uniquely identify me without additional data.
             | Cohorts do not uniquely identify me without additional
             | data.
             | 
             | This is not privacy, but it is more privacy than third-
             | party cookies.
        
               | woofie11 wrote:
               | Cookies identify you only to the site setting the cookie.
               | When doubleclick.net started scraping my data, I blocked
               | them.
               | 
               | Problem gone.
               | 
               | FLoC gathers data from *all* my web browsing activity.
               | 
               | In addition, I have a nearly unique fingerprint from
               | browser fingerprinting already. This makes it almost
               | certainly unique.
               | 
               | It's not more privacy than cookies. It's a lot less.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | soared wrote:
             | A floc Id is shared amongst millions of users, and can be
             | reset at any time by the user.
             | 
             | Google owns chrome and always had the ability to track any
             | website whether or not it had google scripts on it. If you
             | signed in to your browser, this was already happening.
        
               | dwild wrote:
               | > A floc Id is shared amongst millions of users, and can
               | be reset at any time by the user.
               | 
               | Sure but are you sharing your IP with a millions of
               | users? That's only a single other information about you,
               | there's a bunch others given by your browser.
        
             | dwild wrote:
             | Except that now you got control over your fingerprint. You
             | can choose what to send to the website, you are the one
             | that decide which website get it or not.
             | 
             | Sure you'll still get the other fingerprinting there, which
             | still allow them to track you, but before FLoC, Google
             | couldn't imagine reducing Chrome own fingerprints, now that
             | they are going toward FLoC, they can do that, without
             | cannibalizing their revenue stream.
             | 
             | In real life, most won't deactivate FLoC, and that's where
             | they are still going to make money. Everyone else most
             | probably already use adblockers or already refused ad
             | targeting from Google Ads.
        
         | JackC wrote:
         | I like the EFF's explainer:
         | 
         | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-...
        
           | chrisweekly wrote:
           | Me too, thanks for the link.
           | 
           | > "FLoC is designed to help advertisers perform behavioral
           | targeting without third-party cookies. A browser with FLoC
           | enabled would collect information about its user's browsing
           | habits, then use that information to assign its user to a
           | "cohort" or group. Users with similar browsing habits--for
           | some definition of "similar"--would be grouped into the same
           | cohort. Each user's browser will share a cohort ID,
           | indicating which group they belong to, with websites and
           | advertisers. According to the proposal, at least a few
           | thousand users should belong to each cohort (though that's
           | not a guarantee).
           | 
           | If that sounds dense, think of it this way: your FLoC ID will
           | be like a succinct summary of your recent activity on the
           | Web."
        
           | whatever_dude wrote:
           | Great explanation indeed.
           | 
           | I didn't know much about it, and wow, sounds really terrible.
           | I can even see it as an idea that started with good
           | intentions, but the use cases explained (like linking floc
           | ids to user ids in websites you signed in and potentially
           | exposing browsing habits) make this thing really invasive;
           | the whole idea is broken.
        
           | the_lonely_road wrote:
           | If you want to learn what Floc is for the first time you
           | probably shouldn't start with an article titled "Google's
           | FLoC Is a Terrible Idea". I also don't know what it is but
           | will just wait for a more neutral source hopefully.
        
             | hungryforcodes wrote:
             | Mind you from the EFF, I'll take it.
        
             | Igelau wrote:
             | Still holding out for an article about the benefits of
             | Covid before you find out what that is?
        
             | Pawka wrote:
             | Not going deeply into the topic (even if I'm familiar what
             | FLoC is) what I'd expect from a browser? Well, browse the
             | internet pages, display those correctly and fast.
             | 
             | Tracking, advertising, user cohorts does not fit into the
             | "browsing" part. That might be enough to feel why "Google's
             | FLoC is a Terrible Idea".
        
               | muro wrote:
               | Unless you pay for the browser and the sites you visit,
               | that's not enough for the browser to provide.
        
             | wccrawford wrote:
             | I don't care if I'm tracked by advertisers, and I'm also
             | not advertising, so I guess I'm pretty neutral?
             | 
             | FLoC is Google's new way to target "cohorts" of users with
             | advertising. The idea is that Google will classify each
             | user into a cohort (and that classification _will_ change
             | over time as the user visits more web pages, and perhaps
             | other data is acquired) and only that cohort is reported to
             | the advertiser, which can then use it to serve appropriate
             | ads.
             | 
             | On the flip side, this is obviously still targeted
             | advertising, and some people have a strong negative outlook
             | towards that idea in general. Also, it's been said that if
             | you can manage to track a person across just a few cohort
             | changes, you can personally identify them, which is
             | contrary to the entire idea about FLoC protecting a
             | person's privacy.
             | 
             | In short, proponents think it's better than tracking
             | cookies, and opponents think it's still privacy invasion,
             | and not much better than tracking cookies.
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | > opponents think it's still privacy invasion
               | 
               | Or illegal. IANAL, of course, but there are certain
               | cohorts (age, disability, etc.) which are illegal to
               | discriminate against in the US. But since Google doesn't
               | have insight into what a cohort describes, they can't
               | ensure that cohorts are being handled properly according
               | to the law.
               | 
               | I'm sure Google has a "get out of government oversight"
               | card from their lawyers, but like biased AI, this seems
               | like it's on the wrong side of "grey".
        
               | nebulous1 wrote:
               | They seem to be aware of this
               | 
               | https://github.com/WICG/floc#excluding-sensitive-
               | categories
               | 
               | I haven't seen details of how they expect this to
               | actually work though.
        
         | CivBase wrote:
         | FLoC is Google's loophole after disabling third-party cookies
         | in Chrome and promising they "will not build alternate
         | identifiers to track individuals as they browse across the
         | web"[0]. FLoC is a new tracker to replace third-party cookies,
         | but it works by putting users in groups and tracking those
         | groups, so they technically aren't tracking "individuals" this
         | time. Except you _can_ use FLoC to track individuals by
         | identifying them as a unique intersection of many disparate
         | groups[1].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/3/22310332/google-privacy-
         | re...
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/WICG/floc/issues/100
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pwm wrote:
           | Over time everyone will be in their very own singleton group
           | :)
        
             | russh wrote:
             | Yes, but a totally anonymous singleton group... with a
             | unique ID.
        
               | poundofshrimp wrote:
               | Not anonymous if you give your PII to create accounts on
               | the web.
        
           | poundofshrimp wrote:
           | The GH issue is interesting. Suppose each user belongs to two
           | flocks, and each website gets randomly shown one of the two.
           | Will this solve the problem? I'd imagine the number of
           | possibilities after a certain while will make it impossible
           | that cohort histories collected by two different websites
           | will match for the same user.
        
       | blantonl wrote:
       | FYI, if you are like me that has no idea what FLoC is until now,
       | please see:
       | 
       | https://github.com/WICG/floc
        
         | tester34 wrote:
         | >Federated Learning of Cohorts
         | 
         | is there some competition where people try to come up with
         | names as tricky as possible while being nowhere even close to
         | simple english?
        
           | chrisweekly wrote:
           | This one stems from Google's bird-themed naming convention
           | for initiatives related to working around 3rd party cookies
           | going away.
        
             | smolder wrote:
             | What's another example?
        
               | minxomat wrote:
               | PIGIN, TURTLEDOVE, SPARROW, SWAN, SPURFOWL, PELICAN,
               | PARROT
               | 
               | not kidding
        
           | ziml77 wrote:
           | "Federated" is the only part of that I can see as not being
           | simple. But even if all 3 words were generally unknown, I
           | don't know if it's really a problem. You need to understand
           | what FLoC is instead of what the individual words mean to
           | know what the issues with it are.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Sounds like a machine learning term that escaped from
           | researchers into the wild. Machine learning people like to
           | make up fun names for otherwise complicated and hard-to-
           | summarize methods. See eg "BERT".
           | 
           | The name is actually descriptive. It is an algorithm for
           | constructing semantically interesting cohorts of similar
           | users, Locally on each user's machine.
           | 
           | It's actually a really good idea and certainly a lot more
           | "privacy preserving" than anything that relies on sending
           | fine-grained user data back to a central server for
           | processing.
           | 
           | Of course there are problems with it, and I'm mixed as to
           | whether it's something that non-Chrome browsers should even
           | try to support.
           | 
           | The fact that all websites are included by default, and it's
           | up to the individual website to opt out of inclusion, makes
           | me squirm.
           | 
           | But the name makes sense and I think the core idea is a step
           | in the right direction.
        
             | delroth wrote:
             | > The fact that all websites are included by default, and
             | it's up to the individual website to opt out of inclusion,
             | makes me squirm.
             | 
             | That's not the case, contrary to what Hacker News wants you
             | to think with this massive opt-out campaign. FLoC cohort
             | computation is only planned to include websites that
             | themselves request cohort information. Unless your page
             | calls document.interestCohort, it is not included in cohort
             | computation [1]. The opt-out header does nothing unless you
             | use FLoC.
             | 
             | There is an exception to this made for the pilot phase
             | (aka. right now), where in order to bootstrap the system
             | Google is extending cohort computation to include "all
             | websites that show ads" [2]. My guess is that this is
             | necessary so that early testers get useful data. This is
             | not something that seems to be planned past the pilot. The
             | standard also restricts this to only "while 3rd party
             | cookies are still a thing".
             | 
             | Disclaimer: I work for Google, but not on advertising or
             | Chrome. This is all from public information I researched in
             | my own time.
             | 
             | [1] https://wicg.github.io/floc/#compute-eligibility
             | SS7.1.1 "By default, a page is eligible for the interest
             | cohort computation if the interestCohort() API is used in
             | the page."
             | 
             | [2] https://wicg.github.io/floc/#adoption-phase SS7.1.4 "at
             | the adoption phase, the page can be eligible to be included
             | in the interest cohort computation if there are ads
             | resources in the page, OR if the API is used."
        
               | captaincaveman wrote:
               | So only if the publisher opts-in (sort of), and what
               | about the user, if this is all done client side surely I
               | should be opt out by default too?
               | 
               | I assume I can set my browser to opt out easily?
        
               | delroth wrote:
               | I haven't heard about a global opt-out in the browser,
               | but I haven't really looked for that info either. I think
               | I've heard Chrome allows extensions to "easily" hook
               | document.interestCohort and return any value the user
               | wants (including random values). The standard also
               | mentions "The user agent should offer a dedicated
               | permission setting for the user to disallow sites from
               | being included for interest cohort calculations." but
               | that's only for blocking specific sites from contributing
               | to cohort computations, not for disabling globally.
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | > There is an exception to this made for the pilot phase
               | 
               | So all websites are, in fact, included by default.
        
               | delroth wrote:
               | > if there are ads resources in the page
               | 
               | Please read the full comment (or preferably, the
               | standard) before spreading FUD.
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | Whether ads are being loaded is being determined by an
               | opaque, ever-changing algorithm implemented in a closed
               | source browser. We have no way to verify that this is how
               | it's actually working, or when it will change. That
               | doesn't even include how a good majority of the internet
               | is monetized by ads, often Google's ads.
               | 
               | It's simply safest to assume that every page will be
               | included.
        
               | mdaniel wrote:
               | I don't think calling Chrome a closed source browser is
               | accurate unless you have a citation showing that Chromium
               | is missing this code
               | 
               | Microsoft Edge is a closed source browser, for comparison
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | Chrome is a closed-source fork of Chromium that applies
               | numerous proprietary patches to Chromium. There's no way
               | to tell what has been modified in that process (short of
               | decompilation, et.al.).
               | 
               | Pretty much the same process that Microsoft takes with
               | Edge, really.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | _I don 't think calling Chrome a closed source browser is
               | accurate unless you have a citation showing that Chromium
               | is missing this code_
               | 
               | That's completely backwards. You would need some evidence
               | showing that Chrome does _not_ include proprietary
               | patches, otherwise you pretty much have to conclude that
               | it 's closed-source, even if it includes a large % of
               | code from an open-source product.
        
               | matkoniecz wrote:
               | Is it well defined what "ads resources" is?
        
               | delroth wrote:
               | It doesn't seem to be defined in the standard, but it's
               | partially documented in Chromium's docs how they
               | determine what is an ad resource:
               | 
               | https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/d
               | ocs...
               | 
               | https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/mast
               | er/...
               | 
               | https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/mast
               | er/...
               | 
               | This seems to indicate the authoritative source of truth
               | is EasyList. On my current machine, the list seems to be
               | stored in "~/.config/google-chrome/Subresource
               | Filter/Unindexed\ Rules/9.22.0" and should be easily
               | inspectable.
               | 
               | I don't know if I've missed some documentation pointers
               | related to this.
        
           | 317070 wrote:
           | It is called academic publishing, and some people manage to
           | make a career out of it!
           | 
           | But yes, all three parts of that name have a well established
           | technical meaning. It is a very descriptive name, once you
           | know all the parts.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | So you think you're providing a service to others by copying
         | and pasting a top Google search result link for this topic?
        
       | jerrygoyal wrote:
       | FloC can be disabled at browser level also. Check if your browser
       | has FloC enabled: https://amifloced.org
        
       | morganms wrote:
       | I've made a tool to check if a site blocks FLoC:
       | https://ewatchers.org/floc?lang=en
        
       | lucideer wrote:
       | > _Pages sites using a custom domain will not be impacted._
       | 
       | Not sure what % of Github Pages use custom domains but this
       | appears to leave no mechanism for custom domains to optionally
       | enable this header either.
       | 
       | I don't really understand the motivation here; if it was for the
       | benefit of GH users, why wouldn't that apply to custom domain
       | users? Is it purely to hamper Google (as Microsoft's competitor)?
        
         | andrewnicolalde wrote:
         | Same, I'd like a way to disable this on my GHPages site as
         | well.
        
         | gmueckl wrote:
         | github.com is itself a social network and a tracker. They
         | should know a lot more about the status and activities of the
         | software projects hosted there and the users than the users
         | themselves do. Enabling third parties to track users across
         | their site would be the equivalent of opening the lid of this
         | treasure chest.
        
           | lucideer wrote:
           | Oh no, I do understand that. It's just the excluding custom
           | domains part I don't get. Why not keep Google out of all
           | their data: why give them a portion?
        
           | HDMI_Cable wrote:
           | I've never thought of GitHub like that, but it makes so much
           | sense. With all of the features (like the commit heat-map),
           | GitHub is at this point 2 parts social network, and 2 parts
           | social network for software.
        
         | vbsteven wrote:
         | There could be a technical reason for it not to be available
         | for custom domains (yet?).
         | 
         | The page mentions that the header is set for all pages served
         | by github.io, which leads me to believe they add the header on
         | the reverse-proxy/loadbalancer side for github.io pages.
         | 
         | Custom domains most likely use separate proxy/loadbalancing
         | infrastructure where the same change could take longer to
         | implement, or they might be exploring options to make it
         | configurable.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | I agree with the other comments that Github doesn't allow users
         | to control headers on Github Pages sites.
         | 
         | But my first guess was that this was a Msoft vs Google thing
         | and not a privacy thing.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | Maybe there was more of a privacy concern they wanted to
         | address by removing it from the github.io subdomains.
        
       | heywherelogingo wrote:
       | But it's not a problem, right? Because we've had countless
       | conversations about google and chrome, discussed them ad nauseam,
       | and we're so sick of this tedious, incessant topic that we've all
       | stopped using chrome, right? Except for, yes, yes, the people who
       | have to use it at work, but who don't use it at home, right? Floc
       | is only a problem if you deserve it.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Let's expand the title a bit:
       | 
       | Iteration #1: Microsoft blocks FLoC across all of GitHub Pages.
       | 
       | Iteration #2: Microsoft blocks Google's FLoC across all of GitHub
       | Pages.
        
       | commandertso wrote:
       | You mock my FLoC, I'll clean your clock!
       | 
       | With apologies to Bill Watterson
        
       | brianzelip wrote:
       | How to set this header if you use a custom domain with gh pages?
        
       | nindalf wrote:
       | The internet is split roughly into 3. The top 100 websites get a
       | third of the page views, the remaining top 10k get another third
       | and millions of websites get the last third.
       | 
       | The top 100 have dedicated engineering and policy teams teams
       | that will disable FLoC because they're either not interested in
       | ads (Wikipedia) or have their own first party implementation that
       | doesn't need FLoC (Facebook). They'll ditch FLoC.
       | 
       | The next 10k might have engineering teams that can make the
       | change, but might be more interested in finding out about their
       | audience so they can monetize more easily. They'll keep FLoC.
       | 
       | As for the remaining millions, only a tiny minority of them will
       | even know this is a thing, let alone care enough to make the
       | change or contact a developer who can do it. These are the folks
       | who have hosted their wordpress site with GoDaddy because it was
       | cheap and quick when they needed a site. They'll keep FLoC.
       | 
       | So the upshot is that github.com, instagram.com and amazon.com
       | might opt out, but the vast majority of the web will not. Me
       | prediction is that at least half of all web pages loaded by users
       | won't have this header.
        
         | james_pm wrote:
         | WordPress may very well block FLoC which cuts off a good chunk,
         | even when you eliminate those that don't update to the latest
         | version. https://make.wordpress.org/core/2021/04/18/proposal-
         | treat-fl...
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | That's probably accurate if you assume every website is equal,
         | but if you measure by traffic the top 100 websites account for
         | 95% of measurable tracking events. Won't that make FLoC rather
         | ineffective if 95% of the data is missing?
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> will disable FLoC because they 're either not interested in
         | ads (Wikipedia)_
         | 
         | Wikipedia does not need to take any action to disable FLoC;
         | it's only active if the site opts in, on a per-pageview basis:
         | 
         | * If you call document.interestCohort() to get a FLoC id for a
         | user, that pageview will be included in FLoC calculation.
         | 
         | * For the origin trial, to deal with the chicken-and-egg
         | problem, a pageview is included you load ads (determined with
         | EasyList)
         | 
         | See https://web.dev/floc/
         | 
         | (Disclosure: I work on ads at Google, speaking only for myself)
        
           | drcongo wrote:
           | > Disclosure: I work on ads at Google
           | 
           | Can I ask why? I honestly can't understand how anyone could.
        
             | edoceo wrote:
             | money.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | I think advertising is positive [1] and the role of ads in
             | funding freely-available sites is very important. My
             | current work is primarily on how browsers can allow more
             | private and secure advertising [2][3][4] which I think most
             | people will agree is valuable even if they are less in
             | favor of advertising in general.
             | 
             | At a lower level, I do this job because I'm paid, which
             | allows me to donate. [5] But I wouldn't do this work if I
             | thought it was harmful; there are lots of different kinds
             | of jobs I could take.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.jefftk.com/p/effect-of-advertising
             | 
             | [2] https://github.com/google/fledge-shim
             | 
             | [3] https://github.com/WICG/turtledove/issues/161
             | 
             | [4] https://github.com/WICG/webpackage/issues/624
             | 
             | [5] https://www.jefftk.com/donations
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | > I think advertising is positive [1]
               | 
               | That link only works if we buy into the premise: "One way
               | to think about this is, what would the world would be
               | like if we didn't allow advertising? No internet ads, TV
               | ads, magazine ads, affiliate links, sponsored posts,
               | product placement, everything."
               | 
               | However, no. I don't buy that premise at all. The state
               | of ads as it is now is actively harmful with very little
               | to show for in terms of "new non-stickier products" etc.
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | Yeah, the all-or-nothing approach is pretty hard to buy
               | into.
               | 
               | What about ads, but static and not-tracking? Is that
               | still equally negative? Is that still equally positive?
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | _> What about ads, but static and not-tracking?_
               | 
               | Coincidentally, my current project involves this Chrome
               | proposal for supporting self-contained remarketing ads
               | without individual tracking:
               | https://github.com/WICG/turtledove
        
               | tedivm wrote:
               | Google, and it's method for advertising, basicaly
               | destroyed the news industry. If you don't think your work
               | is harmful it simply means you haven't looked into the
               | repercussions enough.
        
               | nindalf wrote:
               | Internet advertising and the internet in general has made
               | newspapers less profitable. But this was happening
               | regardless of what Google did. 92% of the decline came
               | from loss of classified revenue
               | (https://mumbrella.com.au/de-classified-what-really-
               | happened-...). Obviously it makes no sense to vilify
               | Craigslist, because someone else would have provided
               | free, searchable classifieds if Craigslist hadn't. That's
               | the nature of the internet, which has reduced the cost of
               | publishing to nearly nothing.
               | 
               | A parallel to the demise of the newspaper classifieds is
               | the once thriving industry of people who would copy books
               | by hand in the 14th century. Then Gutenberg created a
               | printing press that could make copies of books in a
               | fraction of the time. Life didn't get better for those
               | folks who's skills were no longer needed, but maybe it
               | did for society as a whole. But for sure it didn't and
               | doesn't make sense to vilify people who work at printing
               | presses.
               | 
               | You're looking for a "bad guy" when maybe none exists.
        
               | ryanobjc wrote:
               | Disagree.
               | 
               | The number one newspaper killer is... Craigslist.
               | 
               | Also the general move away from paper printed and
               | delivered every day to internet news delivery.
        
               | captaincaveman wrote:
               | Hmm what about Murdoch in News TV?
        
               | nindalf wrote:
               | I'm simply blown away by that donations link. Here was me
               | feeling happy about the little I give, but it really puts
               | into perspective how much I keep for myself.
        
               | geoduck14 wrote:
               | Like wise!
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | EasyList is extremely broad, changes frequently, and e.g. has
           | included communities having banners for community events as
           | ads, and Google appears to give zero promises on the
           | stability of this.
           | 
           | So relying on this requires continuous monitoring that Chrome
           | doesn't randomly decide to tag something on some page as an
           | ad, which is doing even more work just to cater to Google
           | whims. Just blocking it is the sane choice here.
           | 
           | since you say it is about "chicken-and-egg problem" during
           | the trial: is there a clear commitment somewhere that Google
           | plans to not include pages that do not use the FLoC API in
           | the future?
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | _> is there a clear commitment somewhere that Google plans
             | to not include pages that do not use the FLoC API in the
             | future?_
             | 
             | Not something as clear as I'd like. The closest I see is:
             | 
             |  _A page visit will be included in the browser 's FLoC
             | calculation if document.interestCohort() is used on the
             | page. During the current FLoC origin trial, a page will
             | also be included in the calculation if Chrome detects that
             | the page loads ads or ads-related resources._ --
             | https://web.dev/floc/#do-websites-have-to-participate-and-
             | sh...
        
           | falcolas wrote:
           | So, every page with ads (as determined by an opaque and ever-
           | changing method in a closed source browser), will be included
           | while computing the cohort. Got it. It seems safest to assume
           | that "it happens on every page" since so much of the internet
           | is monetized with ads.
           | 
           | Please forgive us for not trusting Google's "we pinky swear
           | it will change". We have no real reason to trust that Google
           | will keep their word.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | _> every page with ads (as determined by an opaque and
             | ever-changing method in a closed source browser)_
             | 
             | Chrome'a ad detection code is open source; https://chromium
             | .googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs... is a good
             | place to start.
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | No, Chromium's ad detection code is open source. Chrome's
               | is closed source. It may very well be the same code, but
               | there is no (practical) way to verify that, other than
               | trusting Google.
               | 
               | But as I already indicated, I have trust issues with
               | Google.
        
               | mcpherrinm wrote:
               | Reverse engineering of binaries is a well-understood
               | field. Ensuring a binary and source code align is not a
               | fully automated task at this time as far as I know, but
               | is well within the capabilities of our industry.
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | Capability and practicality are distinct concepts.
               | Especially since it's fairly well known that Chrome will
               | not align 100% with Chromium thanks to closed source
               | additions and modifications, so it becomes a question of
               | "what is different" instead of "are they different".
               | 
               | It's certainly not practical for me, when I can just
               | avoid chrome for personal usage (and I'm thankful for the
               | capability). Of course, I can't avoid it entirely, thanks
               | to my company deciding that Chrome is the only supported
               | browser for our product. So even though FLoC is a non-
               | issue for me personally, it is still something I need to
               | worry about professionally.
        
           | cesarb wrote:
           | > Wikipedia does not need to take any action to disable FLoC
           | [...] If you call document.interestCohort() to get a FLoC id
           | for a user
           | 
           | It is still a problem for Wikipedia, because the global
           | Javascript for each language is editable by a subset of the
           | editors for that language
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js for
           | instance), unlike the HTTP headers which can only be changed
           | by the Wikimedia sysadmins.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | If someone can execute arbitrary JS they can already
             | exfiltrate any information they want with userid attached,
             | in addition to impersonating users etc. This is a far
             | bigger risk than that they might add a call to
             | document.interestCohort() and opt that page into FLoC?
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | Does Google Analytics do this?
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Sorry, what are you asking?
        
         | buro9 wrote:
         | Cloudflare, Akamai, Fastly and other CDNs should disable FLoC
         | by default for all customers, and provide a toggle to those
         | customers who explicitly wish to enable it.
         | 
         | But until they do[1]:
         | 
         | Apache:                   Header always set Permissions-Policy:
         | interest-cohort=()
         | 
         | Caddy:                   header Permissions-Policy "interest-
         | cohort=()"
         | 
         | Cloudflare Workers (not free as there are limits):
         | addEventListener('fetch', event=> {
         | event.respondWith(handleRequest(event.request))         })
         | async function handleRequest(request) {             let
         | response=await fetch(request)             let newHeaders=new
         | Headers(response.headers)
         | newHeaders.set("Permissions-Policy","interest-cohort=()")
         | return new Response(response.body, {                 status:
         | response.status,                 statusText:
         | response.statusText,                 headers: newHeaders
         | })         }
         | 
         | Lighttpd:                   server.modules +=("mod_setenv")
         | setenv.add-response-header=("Permissions-Policy"=>"interest-
         | cohort=()")
         | 
         | Netlify:                   [[headers]] for="/*"
         | [headers.values] Permissions-Policy="interest-cohort=()"
         | 
         | Nginx:                   add_header Permissions-Policy
         | interest-cohort=();
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/WICG/floc#opting-out-of-computation
        
           | theideaofcoffee wrote:
           | If you are using HAProxy you can use the following:
           | http-response set-header Permissions-Policy interest-
           | cohort=()
        
           | buro9 wrote:
           | Unclear to me are what these headers do to the browser.
           | 
           | I mean... the docs say that they are a "site" header that you
           | should apply to a "page". Does that mean that you must apply
           | it to all pages to exclude a site? Is absence on one page
           | taken as opting back in to FLoC?
           | 
           | If the scope is site, then it would be better as a DNS entry.
           | I've a feeling the scope is truly page though and I've also a
           | feeling that most people who choose to add this header will
           | add it on all assets now - which is a bit of a waste of bytes
           | (even with header compression in place) but would be the only
           | way to guarantee that all pages have it.
        
           | woofcat wrote:
           | Thanks, just disabled this on my tiny near zero traffic
           | sites.
           | 
           | Hopefully if enough people disable it, it will become
           | useless.
        
             | _flux wrote:
             | Yes, it will become useless. The header that is..
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Google already has shown bad faith in opt-out headers
               | like this when they immediately started ignoring Do-Not-
               | Track as soon as non-Chrome browsers made it a default.
               | The fact that the spec for this awful project uses an
               | opt-out instead of an opt-in header seems a pretty clear
               | signal to me that Google may not have any intention of
               | following it in the long run.
        
           | mro_name wrote:
           | thanks for lighttpd
        
           | Seirdy wrote:
           | Excluding some portion of sites from a user's cohort
           | calculation doesn't necessarily make a user less unique if a
           | nontrivial number of sites doesn't opt out.
           | 
           | I wrote more about this on my site:
           | https://seirdy.one/2021/04/16/permissions-policy-floc-
           | misinf...
        
             | nixpulvis wrote:
             | Thank you, this was informative.
        
           | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
           | Be sure to add `always` to the nginx header:
           | add_header Permissions-Policy interest-cohort=() always;
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | For those wondering: this causes the header to be set on
             | all responses. By default it will not be set on some error
             | responses.
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | NodeJS + express:                   app.use((req, res, next)
           | => {             res.setHeader("Permissions-Policy",
           | "interest-cohort=()");             return next();         });
        
           | idoubtit wrote:
           | This kind of post that provides no context will lead to
           | cargo-cult, with people blindly copying and pasting these
           | directives, and believing they have increased the privacy of
           | their site...
           | 
           |  _If your web site does not include ads, FLoC is already
           | disabled._ Here,  "ads" mean ads that EasyList can detect.
           | This HTTP header will just make your config more complex and
           | your responses slightly bigger, with no change of behaviour.
           | 
           | If you include external ads on your pages, then I doubt
           | disabling FLoC will increase your visitors' privacy, but at
           | least this header will have a real effect.
        
             | feross wrote:
             | > If your web site does not include ads, FLoC is already
             | disabled
             | 
             | Citation? Here's what the FLoC explainer says:
             | 
             | > All sites with publicly routable IP addresses that the
             | user visits when not in incognito mode will be included in
             | the POC cohort calculation.
             | 
             | https://github.com/WICG/floc#sites-which-interest-cohorts-
             | wi...
             | 
             | This sounds to me like all sites, whether they contain ads
             | are not, are used to cluster users into cohorts.
        
               | idoubtit wrote:
               | From https://web.dev/floc/ in section "Do websites have
               | to participate and share information?"
               | 
               | > For pages that haven't been excluded, a page visit will
               | be included in the browser's FLoC calculation if
               | document.interestCohort() is used on the page.
               | 
               | > During the current FLoC origin trial, a page will also
               | be included in the calculation if Chrome detects that the
               | page loads ads or ads-related resources.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | 1_player wrote:
           | > Cloudflare, Akamai, Fastly and other CDNs should disable
           | FLoC by default for all customers
           | 
           | And this is when Google will release their own Cloudflare
           | competitor product.
           | 
           | BTW do they something as popular as Cloudflare already? I'm
           | very unfamiliar with Google's offerings.
        
             | ShakataGaNai wrote:
             | GCP does have a CDN product: https://cloud.google.com/cdn/
             | 
             | But at this point in time I think it'd be unfair to call
             | Cloudflare "just a CDN" so not really equivalent.
             | 
             | From what I've heard through the technical operations
             | jungle. Google has been pushing their CDN product hard for
             | a long time, which isn't a shock since they've been trying
             | to push GCP hard for a long time. But it's a little like
             | AWS's Cloudfront CDN. It's very very rare to see someone
             | using an AWS Cloudfront or GCP CDN... that isn't on said
             | cloud platform already.
        
           | protomyth wrote:
           | Cloudflare, etc. should do what their customers want and not
           | make these type of decisions for them. They are CDNs and not
           | the owners of their customer's websites.
        
             | jakelazaroff wrote:
             | GP is proposing that they give their customers the option
             | -- just that the default state should be "off".
        
             | ttt0 wrote:
             | Then their customers should have the option to opt in. Is
             | that fine with you?
        
               | edoceo wrote:
               | the opt-in is choosing CF who's known to make many
               | decisions for you. its not a new pattern for CF clients
        
             | buro9 wrote:
             | Cloudflare's mission is to "help build a better internet",
             | and to that end have made a lot of opinionated decisions to
             | increase security and performance. Where possible options
             | are given to customers, but the opinionated way wins by
             | default.
             | 
             | Examples: Turned on HTTPS for all customers, gave image
             | compression and optimisation to all customers, moved
             | customers to the latest TLS as soon as possible (help drive
             | adoption), provide tools to obscure email addresses on web
             | pages to minimise harvesting, 1.1.1.1 privacy focused DNS,
             | etc.
             | 
             | FLoC is something that an opinion can easily be formed on,
             | and where Google have said to each site operator "you must
             | opt-out", Cloudflare can hold an opinion that default opt-
             | out is bad for the internet and that opt-in is better...
             | and if they make an option that defaults to adding this
             | header but granting customers a means to toggle it off...
             | then all Cloudflare will have done is what Google should
             | have done... made this opt-in by default.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | There may also be some uplift from various frameworks, CRMs,
         | CDNs, etc, if any of them decide to make it the default.
        
         | akie wrote:
         | According to their own numbers, WordPress accounts for 41% of
         | the total number of websites, and they're considering switching
         | off FLoC by default
         | (https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/53069 - discussion not
         | settled yet though).
        
           | Goz3rr wrote:
           | How many of those 41% are actually maintained and updated
           | WordPress installs though
        
             | rovr138 wrote:
             | In a lot of cases, it automatically updates.
        
           | Guest42 wrote:
           | I think this is great news. Are there any paths towards
           | supporting groups aligned with this position? I am aware of
           | eff.
        
         | dmitriid wrote:
         | Can't remember what article it was, but I remember that
         | Facebook didn't even care about "top companies with top ads".
         | The long tail trumped anything.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised if it's the same in Google's case. A
         | dozen big-name websites drop FLOC? Who cares, there's a billion
         | more.
        
         | fps_doug wrote:
         | It's kinda sad that you can't just run a web server and host
         | your own homepage anymore. You need to mess with your webserver
         | config to make it spam the client with a dozen HTTP headers to
         | disable FLoC, enable HSTS, set this weird same site origin
         | policy thing, disallow iframe embedding... Luckily enough
         | someone had the idea to make it so HTTP headers will be
         | compressed too, so we can add some more before the request
         | header completely fills up the initial RWIN of the server.
        
           | aembleton wrote:
           | Strange, I'm able to run my own webserver without worrying
           | about any of that. Just a default deploy of Nginx.
           | 
           | Disable FLoC if you want, but Google could always change it
           | in future and ignore the header.
        
             | watermelon0 wrote:
             | I think that parent meant that default should be the most
             | secure and least privacy invading, and allow people to
             | explicitly soften the restrictions.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | You don't have to do any of that. If the user wants to use a
           | browser that sends all of their private data to Google, it's
           | not my job to stop them.
        
         | colllectorof wrote:
         | _> As for the remaining millions, only a tiny minority of them
         | will even know this is a thing, let alone care enough to make
         | the change or contact a developer who can do it. These are the
         | folks who have hosted their wordpress site with GoDaddy because
         | it was cheap and quick when they needed a site._
         | 
         | One company decides to do something stupid and you expect
         | _millions_ of website owners to scurry and add junk to their
         | headers to create a  "mitigation"? This is nuts.
         | 
         | This is a browser problem, not a website problem.
        
           | eCa wrote:
           | Their point was that that won't happen.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, the other solution is to get billions of
           | people to stop using a trojan horse of a browser.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | IMHO it's far more unbalanced than "The top 100 websites get a
         | third of the traffic, the remaining top 10k get another third
         | and millions of websites get the last third." Purely from data
         | traffic, youtube and netflix already get a third of the traffic
         | (and that's just 2, not 100); and purely from pageview
         | perspective, the top social media sites plus major media sites
         | (again, a subset of the top100) get more than half IIRC.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised if the top 100 websites get 80% of the
         | traffic, the remaining top 10k get 10% and all the millions of
         | other sites get the last 10%.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nindalf wrote:
           | I meant pageviews, not bandwidth consumed. Streaming websites
           | are always going to dominate the latter.
           | 
           | This 100-10k-millions split statistic was pulled from a talk
           | by Ilya Grigorik, who had worked on Web Performance at
           | Google. I'm guessing they based it on data from Chrome.
        
             | aabhay wrote:
             | Searches and time spent browsing are very different. Google
             | likely doesn't have visibility over how much time people
             | spend on TikTok. Or perhaps Android collects that data.
        
               | amarant wrote:
               | Unless you view it in their browser, then they are more
               | than likely to have that visibility.
               | 
               | And Chrome is the most popular browser last I checked, so
               | probably a fairly good indication of overall trends can
               | be drawn from such statistics
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | The header is pointless anyway for the actual purpose of
         | disabling FLoC as Chrome/Google will simply start ignoring it
         | when enough websites add it.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | This EFF article explains FloC pretty well.
       | 
       | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-...
       | 
       | tl;dr; 3rd party cookies are dying so google has come up with
       | this way to replace them. EFF says 3rd party cookies suck but the
       | choice shouldn't be a those or FLoC. How about neither where the
       | user decides what to share, with who, and when.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hnbad wrote:
       | This isn't meant as a dunk on MSFT but it's worth keeping in mind
       | that MSFT owns GitHub before celebrating this as GitHub taking a
       | stance. MSFT, FB and Google all heavily employ "analytics",
       | although to slightly different degrees and in different forms.
       | Them not cooperating is a good thing, but not surprising enough
       | to warrant celebration.
        
       | Kipters wrote:
       | Is there any browser extension to automatically disable FLoC on
       | every visited site?
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | Switch to Firefox?
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | Use a browser that isn't made by an ad company.
        
         | flixic wrote:
         | DuckDuckGo made one. https://spreadprivacy.com/block-floc-with-
         | duckduckgo/
        
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       (page generated 2021-04-28 23:02 UTC)