[HN Gopher] Study shows class bias in hiring based on few second...
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       Study shows class bias in hiring based on few seconds of speech
        
       Author : allthebest
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2021-04-27 19:57 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.yale.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.yale.edu)
        
       | dominotw wrote:
       | where is the link to the actual study? is it one of these
       | https://som.yale.edu/publications/faculty/michael.kraus-at-y...
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | I enjoy driving my old box Chevy down the back end church road to
       | go fish'n at the crick. It's also fun when the roads get slippy
       | in the winter.
       | 
       | Seriously, that's stuff I'd say.
        
       | javier10e6 wrote:
       | Newsbreak: A Univ of YALE study/research confirms that you'll
       | have a better chance to get hired if you talk like a YALE
       | professor at your job interview. Unless the job interview is
       | working the cash register at Sonic's.
        
       | legerdemain wrote:
       | Today we learn that Aaron earned an iron urn.
        
       | Aunche wrote:
       | >The study, to be published in the Proceedings of the National
       | Academy of Sciences, demonstrates that people can accurately
       | assess a stranger's socioeconomic position -- defined by their
       | income, education, and occupation status
       | 
       | One takeaway here is that biases tend to be correct, which makes
       | them that much harder to eliminate.
        
       | hellisothers wrote:
       | I'd love to hear these audio recordings and the research
       | subject's responses. Curious what sounds triggered what bias.
        
       | bobthepanda wrote:
       | This makes sense given that there have already been studies that
       | show that this is already practiced when people call to search
       | for housing. https://source.wustl.edu/2006/02/linguistic-
       | profiling-the-so...
       | 
       | It's not that much of a stretch to say that if real estate agents
       | or landlords do it, that hiring professionals also do it.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | I think US-bias is more so class bias than race bias and this
       | comes with a 99% correlation to racial discrimination due to the
       | half millenium of directly ensuring certain races could not
       | access the economy or capital or literacy.
       | 
       | Racial discrimination also occurs.
       | 
       | A lot of support for racial equality is lost because it is too
       | reductive and invalidates the experience of potential allies in
       | the majority power who experience biases or don't inherit some of
       | the privileges that they are assumed by others to have. A lot of
       | racial discrimination is created and perpetuated by invalidating
       | those potential allies' experience. While the class bias is never
       | addressed at all.
        
         | skyde wrote:
         | Totally agree with you. Which explain why African immigrant
         | that speak (proper) English and wear a suit and tie. Don't have
         | trouble in job interview even if they are "black". While the
         | Black American blame it on racism.
        
         | flavius29663 wrote:
         | as a white that grew up very very poor, I can't possibly
         | understand why so many black people try to convince me that I'm
         | guilty of white privilege, when most of them had many more
         | resources growing up.
        
           | sopp wrote:
           | > accused of being guilty of white privilege
           | 
           | Maybe "accused" and "guilty" are not the right framing here -
           | you inherit white privilege because of your ethnicity, it
           | doesnt necessarily make you guilty of anything, but you
           | benefit from it whether you want it or not.
           | 
           | You can think of it in the same way that the wealthier people
           | you mention have inherited a better social class by just
           | being born. They can profit from the privilege of their
           | wealth, while suffering from racial discrimination. You can
           | suffer from poverty, while not being hindered by your skin
           | color. People are multi-dimensional.
           | 
           | I think a fairer way to compare would be to compare people
           | from the same social class when looking for privilege and
           | inequality here. Is a poor white person doing better than a
           | poor black person? Is a rich black person doing better than a
           | poor black person? Is a white rich female doing better than a
           | white rich male? Etc...
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Sure you can. You're less likely to be pulled over in most of
           | the US than a black person driving the same car and wearing
           | the same clothes.
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | I was stopped too by police and one time briefly searched,
             | so what? Being stopped by the police is not a game changer.
             | If you haven't done anything wrong you'll walk away and go
             | to work and back home.
             | 
             | Why is being stopped by police such a big deal? I think the
             | police should do more of that in the US, it would reduce
             | crime considerably.
        
               | lucian1900 wrote:
               | Black peoples in the US are far more likely to be
               | summarily executed when interacting with police.
        
               | metiscus wrote:
               | Well, let's say that drug use is fairly evenly
               | distributed regardless of race across a group of people.
               | If black people get searched more frequently, even if
               | every search is equally justified, then the number of
               | black people being prosecuted for drug infractions would
               | be disproportionate.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | There is an additional social and mental cost to being,
           | essentially, a pariah in your own country. If you grew up
           | poor and white, this country has probably treated you like
           | shit, but at least it's clear that it's your country, ya
           | know? For the most part, you never have to wonder if a group
           | of people are going to show up at your door with torches and
           | pitchforks.
           | 
           | Feeling that type of insecurity, especially when it builds up
           | over generations, takes a toll that's hard to describe. It
           | gets labeled a privilege by people who lack that feeling, and
           | see it as such.
        
           | metiscus wrote:
           | It isn't my argument, but as I try to understand all sides
           | I'll do my best to explain the position anyway.
           | 
           | The idea goes something like this. You have white privilege
           | because you are visibly white. By being visibly white you
           | gain an automatic differentiation from those who are non-
           | white. The belief is that the system, being largely run by
           | white people will extend courtesy and nicer treatment to
           | those who look like it whilst those who differ in appearance
           | must "earn" the position you are given by the elements of
           | your birth. It's a bit more complicated than that but that's
           | my understanding of the core of it.
           | 
           | I am not trying to strawman the argument and if I have it
           | wrong, please explain where I wandered off course.
        
           | throawy-poor wrote:
           | you will get some replies with the depth of "it would be
           | worse if you were not white." I think there is only the
           | smallest amount of truth there. Here are things that have
           | happened to me, a poor white kid from california (and this is
           | just off the top of my head):
           | 
           | I could never join a sports team in school or other extra
           | curricular, that shit's expensive.
           | 
           | I had to steal food to get enough to eat.
           | 
           | I've been pulled over multiple times, nearly every case
           | because my car was shitty and the cop was shaking me down.
           | 
           | I've been stopped by cops for walking through a hospital
           | parking lot to go visit a friend.
           | 
           | I've had a cop pull a gun out at me and order me to the
           | ground. I was 14.
           | 
           | I was told at a young age to follow cop orders exactly and be
           | non threatening else I may get shot.
           | 
           | My mom didn't come to a complete stop at a side street stop
           | sign. Pulled over and the entire car tossed. The cop told my
           | mom she likely stole it and they will find out what she did.
           | 
           | A white buddy got the shit beat out of him by a cop. His
           | crime was being poor and skating.
           | 
           | I've seen a lot of nice cars going to a car race and then
           | there was my buddy and I in a shitty car. We got pulled over
           | and harassed.
           | 
           | I was constantly excluded from most of my peer group because
           | I was poor.
           | 
           | I had to work multiple jobs to put myself through college --
           | little financial aid there.
           | 
           | I spent over a decade scraping by because I didn't have a
           | single role model on how to grow my career (or even really
           | start one). Living in a low socio-economic area makes it hard
           | to earn enough to get out.
           | 
           | I was the first and only person in my family to go to
           | college.
           | 
           | I've been ghosted on interviews, called racist names, and
           | hell, my wife had rocks thrown at her as a kid because she
           | was one of like 5 white kids at her inner city school.
           | 
           | Classism is elephant in the room nobody seemingly will
           | acknowledge. But, hey, I'm white, so it can't be that bad,
           | right? /s
        
         | fighterpilot wrote:
         | 99 percent correlation is too high and contradicts the spirit
         | of the statement that it's more class bias than race bias. If
         | the correlation is 99 percent then they're nearly completely
         | identical
        
           | Thorentis wrote:
           | Correlation doesn't mean causation. If the cause is class
           | bias, and you spend all your energy trying to make people
           | more tolerant of other races, when actually they have no
           | racist feelings whatsoever but have terrible class
           | prejudices, then all your efforts are in vain. Trying to
           | conflate the two things just because a correlation might
           | exist is the problem OP is talking about.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | the point is how to address it and gain support from people
           | that don't experience it but have the power to change it
           | 
           | if we tell everyone they have problems with skin tones and
           | phenotypes when really their primary unconscious bias is
           | being pretentious, then we need to adjust the messaging and
           | address it more accurately
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | > class bias is never addressed at all
         | 
         | You see this a lot in online forums, e.g. a person will
         | blithely mock "wal-mart shoppers" or "rednecks" without rebuke
         | and then jump down your throat with "white privilege" if they
         | perceive the slightest possiblity of you questioning a racial
         | bias claim.
        
           | newacct583 wrote:
           | Interestingly, I see some of the former in online forums. I
           | see a decent amount of the latter, both with and without
           | justification. I've never in my life seen a single poster do
           | that. You have a cite demonstrating this happens "a lot"?
           | 
           | This sounds like a strawman. You're taking a criticism often
           | made (again, not without justification) against "your side"
           | and arguing against it by charging the "other side" with
           | hipocrisy despite the fact that e.g. the /r/FloridaMan
           | community has almost no overlap with woke SJWs (or even the
           | surburban families in my neighborhood with BLM signs in their
           | yards).
        
         | DenisM wrote:
         | I must say it also look rather beneficial to some - while the
         | lower classes are duking it out over a divisive issue the upper
         | classes are safe from social reform. Divide and rule.
        
         | heterodoxxed wrote:
         | The two are so incredibly intertwined given our history that
         | it's hard to separate them. While I think talking about race
         | without talking about class is a huge mistake, it's also a
         | mistake to think that class in a way that doesn't take race
         | into consideration.
         | 
         | For instance, AAVE is seen as "low class" despite there being
         | plenty of speakers of it who are not lower class at all.
         | 
         | The kind of racial reductionism we've seen come from (often
         | well-to-do) liberal circles that presents being white (or not
         | Black) no matter the class background as a walk in the park is
         | a dead end of course, but we have to be careful to recognize
         | that there are a number of structural racial problems that
         | don't always have a targeted class character (unless you get to
         | the very upper echelons of wealth).
         | 
         | That said, the popular discourse in America is woefully under-
         | prepared to understand class divisions between and within
         | racial groups. That lack of nuanced discussion is why we end up
         | favoring an understanding that is fully rooted in upper-middle-
         | class experiences and study.
         | 
         | A Black writer who grew up poor, went to a city college and
         | still lives in their neighborhood will never get an op-ed
         | position at the New York Times no matter how good of a writer
         | they are, so their experience gets completely lost in the
         | mainstream, despite being so important to understanding class
         | and race in America.
        
           | hnxs wrote:
           | I think class is primarily dictated by three things on a
           | superficial level, e.g ten minutes or less of a first
           | interaction with someone:
           | 
           | - How you speak
           | 
           | - How you dress
           | 
           | - How physically attractive you are, specifically in regards
           | to things like height, fitness, and angular features.
           | 
           | Skin color takes a backseat to these factors in the modern
           | era
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | I'd say it's more like 10 seconds, maybe even less than
             | that, but I agree.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | Yes, with the addendum of, "If any of these things place
             | you into a minority community, you immediately lose."
             | 
             | What is "good speech"? What is "good dress"? What is
             | "attractive"? To much of society, those answers are,
             | "Whatever sounds/looks like the popular culture I consume."
             | and that's a problem.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Yes, and on your first point I think this will be a recurring
           | addendum to my post. My point is that we must address the
           | class issue between and within racial groups or simply put:
           | American culture. It requires compartmentalizing and
           | understanding this more heavily, instead of looking only at
           | the result. We are chiseling at the top of an iceberg, trying
           | to trace backwards and assuming people feel a way that many
           | otherwise supportive people really don't feel, instead of
           | tackling a root cause.
        
         | twic wrote:
         | > A lot of support for racial equality is lost because it is
         | too reductive and invalidates the experience of potential
         | allies in the majority
         | 
         | There was a study on that recently:
         | 
         | https://osf.io/tdkf3/
        
           | TameAntelope wrote:
           | I've got a lot of problems with this work, but I think I can
           | best summarize my issues with the question: Who are the
           | "Democratic elites"? A list of "Democratic politicians" and
           | quotes from them is given, but I'm curious if that's the full
           | summation of who the "elites" are, or if there are other,
           | thus far unnamed "elites".
           | 
           | I can't think of a better example, but this reminds me of
           | some of the papers on skull size from the late 19th/early
           | 20th century (Mortonites? A bit fuzzy, it's been a minute).
           | There was an undeniable correlation, but it took decades to
           | undo the false causation that was _implied_ (not directly
           | stated in that paper or this one), and that damage still has
           | not been fully undone, despite the heroic lifelong work of
           | Franz Boas and others.
           | 
           | This paper needed to discuss _why_ racial framing isn 't
           | persuasive, and it doesn't do that. The whole, "We should
           | trick white people into being kinder to minorities" argument
           | is, frankly, insulting to white people, among many other not-
           | very-noble things. White people should be able to hear
           | arguments about racial inequality without losing their
           | collective minds.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | released yesterday, wow
           | 
           | nice to see the collective conscious is producing similar
           | paths of study
        
         | 9wzYQbTYsAIc wrote:
         | There once was a study where they eloquently demonstrated this
         | by putting the same white actor into two situations: one had
         | him lay down acting like he was dying from a hear attack in
         | front of Wall Street wearing a suit. The other had him doing
         | the same thing but wearing worn out sports clothing.
         | 
         | They found that people responded more favorably to the actor
         | when he appeared to be of the same social class.
        
       | hirundo wrote:
       | Is class stereotype bias accurate? I don't know. But if so then
       | the optimal amount of actual bias may be nonzero. So does the
       | study show the right amount of bias, too, little, or too much?
       | 
       | It wouldn't be easy to measure the correlation between classes
       | and employee performance, but not impossible either. Lacking such
       | data it's hard to know how to interpret such results.
       | 
       | Of course any such bias, whatever it is, should be deeply
       | discounted by any actual personal data you can gather in an
       | interview. Any group-based bias should be considered trivial in
       | comparison. But this study is explicitly about considering only
       | class signals.
        
       | Clubber wrote:
       | It would be nice to get a transcript so we could identify what
       | speech was declared to be lower socioeconomic speech.
       | 
       | It's important to be able to speak and write proper English for a
       | job interview, even though most speak in an informal English most
       | of the time.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | This doesn't take into account things like accent, which does
         | count. Many people native to the Boston area looking to get
         | high-paying jobs (esp. in tech) work on breaking their Boston
         | accents to sound higher class.
        
           | devonkim wrote:
           | This is probably also true in the UK that has class lines
           | often built around geography and therefore accents. In the US
           | people with southern accents are viewed by many others as
           | having a lower socioeconomic status. Things get more
           | interesting when the history of the modern Boston accent
           | comes from popular British speech trends hundreds of years
           | ago and co-opted by the aristocrats of Boston, so what is an
           | oftentimes low-caste Boston accent today was meant to be a
           | high-caste accent around 1800.
           | 
           | The ridiculousness of it all is staggering
        
           | intergalplan wrote:
           | Practically _all_ US regional accents, especially if thick,
           | register as  "lower" than Standard American English spoken
           | with a generic or newscaster accent.
        
             | disabled wrote:
             | There is no Standard US English accent. Even people from
             | the US Pacific Northwest speak with an accent.
             | 
             | Interestingly, there are AI apps to make your English
             | accent [1] more mainstream, but the fact is that judging a
             | person by their accent is xenophobic.
             | 
             | Anyways, I practice my pronunciation for a foreign language
             | using speech recognition software/apps.
             | 
             | [1] Class Is in Session: AI App Schools on English
             | Pronunciation:
             | https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2018/06/26/class-is-in-
             | session...
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | The national news anchors _de facto_ define the standard
               | US accent.
        
               | intergalplan wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_American_English
               | 
               | Also called "Standard American English" (as noted in the
               | article). It's what you mostly hear on the radio, in film
               | actors when they're acting but not "doing an accent",
               | among professional newscasters, et c. It's not been
               | static through time--ever watch early talkies or listen
               | to '30s radio serials?--but it exists.
        
         | fallingfrog wrote:
         | Erasing your regional accent probably goes a long way. I have a
         | pretty strong Maine accent and it's hard to suppress.
         | 
         | I don't think I could fake a true bourgeoisie affect though,
         | partly because I find it so repulsive. But also I think you
         | have to have had grown adults as your personal servants as I a
         | child to really nail that sort of bored/unconcerned affect.
         | Where you truly consider certain people to be beneath you. They
         | see you as an NPC. I've seen it, a handful of times.
         | 
         | I guess there's a professional class in between too where the
         | attitude is in between, you treat people with a friendliness
         | that doesn't seem superior, but also is guiltless and free of
         | guile, lacking in any suspiciousness which speaks of a person
         | who has never truly been hungry and not had food, or has
         | considered breaking the law as their best option, or lived in
         | an area where there was a lot of crime.
         | 
         | I don't know why all that comes out in your speech but it does.
         | Truly lower class people are reserved- they don't volunteer
         | information, because they don't trust you. Upper class people
         | don't either, because they don't have to care what you think,
         | and they don't consider you an equal. In between, people tend
         | to be more talkative.
        
           | molsongolden wrote:
           | Sending out an HN bat signal here:
           | 
           | I can't find the article/post that this comment reminded me
           | of but it was a semi-recent discussion/breakdown of class in
           | the USA.
           | 
           | All I remember is that it called out Jeff Bezos as upper
           | middle class.
        
         | 9wzYQbTYsAIc wrote:
         | The article specifies pretty clearly that the data used
         | included, in part, things like voices from consumer speech
         | recognition products. Furthermore, they found that speech
         | patterns were associated with an actual higher social class.
        
       | hn8788 wrote:
       | Doesn't suprise me. My wife is from a rural town in NC, and was
       | told by her high school teachers that she needed to lose her
       | southern accent if she wanted to be taken seriously in college.
       | When she was working on or master's degree in Maryland, a writing
       | professor commented "you speak and write so well, I never would
       | have guessed you're from the south". That kind of discrimination
       | is very prevalent in academia and media in general, but nobody
       | cares.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | Yes, but this illustrates that it's possible to make changes in
         | how you present yourself to overcome potential class biases.
         | This levels the playing field a lot. And why shouldn't people
         | seeking higher status jobs or education be expected to present
         | and conduct themselves accordingly?
        
           | motoxpro wrote:
           | "Don't speak like you, speak like me"
        
             | intergalplan wrote:
             | "Don't speak like you, or like me some years ago, speak how
             | I learned to speak in order to signal that I'm both
             | perceptive and capable, but also not so rich that I can
             | wisely choose _not_ to signal those traits ".
        
           | this_user wrote:
           | This is pretty much the idea behind Received Pronounciation
           | in BE.
        
           | open0 wrote:
           | "And why shouldn't people seeking higher status jobs or
           | education be expected to present and conduct themselves
           | accordingly?"
           | 
           | Because accent has nothing to doing with "conducting oneself
           | accordingly". Why is the onus on the victim of discrimination
           | to align with your bogus, outdated way of thinking?
        
           | hn8788 wrote:
           | When my wife was working in the tutoring center during grad
           | school, they were told that telling a minority student to
           | write in "proper english" is racist. So there's clearly a
           | double standard where you're advised that telling a black
           | student to stop using slang and write in "proper english" is
           | racist, but it's fine to tell a white southern student that
           | if they had talked with an accent and used a southern
           | vocabulary, that it's acceptable to assume they're stupid.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Where is Professor Higgins when we need him?
       | Henry Higgins:               Look at her, a prisoner of the
       | gutter,         Condemned by every syllable she utters         By
       | right she should be taken out and hung,         For the cold-
       | blooded murder of the English tongue.              Eliza
       | Doolittle: Aaoooww!              Henry (imitating her): Aaoooww!
       | Heavens! What a sound!         This is what the British
       | population,         Calls an elementary education.
       | Pickering: Oh Come sir, I think you picked a poor example.
       | Henry: Did I?         Hear them down in Soho Square,
       | Dropping "h's" everywhere.         Speaking English anyway they
       | like.         You sir, did you go to school?                 Man:
       | Wadaya tike me for, a fool?              Henry: No one taught him
       | 'take' instead of 'tike!         Hear a Yorkshireman, or worse,
       | hear a Cornishman converse.         I'd rather hear a choir
       | singing flat.         Chickens, cackling in a barn, just like
       | this one (pointing to Eliza)              Eliza: Gaaarn
       | Henry (writing, imitating Eliza): Gaaarn..              I ask you
       | Sir, what sort of word is that? (to Pickering)              It's
       | "aoow" and "gaarn" that keep her in her place         Not her
       | wretched clothes and dirty face         Why can't the English
       | teach their children how to speak?         This verbal class
       | distinction, by now,         Should be antique. If you spoke as
       | she does, sir,         Instead of the way you do,         Why,
       | you might be selling flowers, too!              Henry: An
       | Englishman's way of speaking absolutely classifies him,
       | The moment he talks he makes some other         Englishman
       | despise him.         One common language I'm afraid we'll never
       | get.         Oh, why can't the English learn to         set a
       | good example to people whose         English is painful to your
       | ears?         The Scotch and the Irish leave you close to tears.
       | There even are places where English completely disappears.
       | Well, in America, they haven't used it for years!         Why
       | can't the English teach their children how to speak?
       | Norwegians learn Norwegian; the Greeks have taught their Greek.
       | In France every Frenchman knows his language from "A" to "Zed"
       | The French never care what they do, actually,         as long as
       | they pronounce it properly.         Arabians learn Arabian with
       | the speed of summer lightning.         And Hebrews learn it
       | backwards,         which is absolutely frightening.         Use
       | proper English you're regarded as a freak.         Why can't the
       | English,         Why can't the English learn to speak?
        
         | christophilus wrote:
         | Such a great play / movie. I sometimes sing Hymn to Him just to
         | get a nasty look out of my wife.
        
         | gojomo wrote:
         | Or, in movie-musical form:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhninL_G3Fg
        
         | pmayrgundter wrote:
         | Was just going to post about My Fair Lady. Just recently on
         | Netflix and very striking to watch it vis a vis the culture
         | conflict we're in yet again.
         | 
         | I take the lesson of the film to be that high culture can be
         | truly graceful and enriching (ie for Eliza) but can become a
         | hangup when take as its own end (thus Higgins' faults)
        
       | jpxw wrote:
       | > the hiring managers judged the candidates from higher social
       | classes as more likely to be competent for the job, and a better
       | fit for it than the applicants from lower social classes.
       | 
       | What if applicants from higher social classes actually are better
       | fits for the job?
        
         | kthartic wrote:
         | What if they're not?
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > What if applicants from higher social classes actually are
         | better fits for the job?
         | 
         | What a perfect example of social class bias. Change "from
         | higher social class" to "from purple descent" or "from a
         | Pastafarian background" and you have racial or religious bias.
        
       | 9wzYQbTYsAIc wrote:
       | " The researchers based their findings on five separate studies.
       | The first four examined the extent that people accurately
       | perceive social class based on a few seconds of speech. They
       | found that reciting seven random words is sufficient to allow
       | people to discern the speaker's social class with above-chance
       | accuracy. They discovered that speech adhering to subjective
       | standards for English as well as digital standards -- i.e. the
       | voices used in tech products like the Amazon Alexa or Google
       | Assistant -- is associated with both actual and perceived higher
       | social class. The researchers also showed that pronunciation cues
       | in an individual's speech communicate their social status more
       | accurately than the content of their speech."
       | 
       | From the article.
        
       | fishtoaster wrote:
       | Key bit here:
       | 
       | > Devoid of any information about the candidates' actual
       | qualifications, the hiring managers judged the candidates from
       | higher social classes as more likely to be competent for the job,
       | and a better fit for it than the applicants from lower social
       | classes. Moreover, they assigned the applicants from higher
       | social classes more lucrative salaries and signing bonuses than
       | the candidates with lower social status.
       | 
       | So while I don't fault the study here, it's not clear that this
       | really demonstrates what the title says ("shows bias in hiring").
       | It shows bias if you tell a hiring manager they need to make a
       | hiring decision _based on no actual interviewing_. It 'd be like
       | if a candidate came in for an interview, made 60 seconds of small
       | talk, and then the hiring manager had to immediately make an
       | offer. And, yeah, I'm not surprised that in a situation like
       | that, hiring managers make decisions based on the slimmest of
       | signals, amplifying class-based biases. Would they have way less
       | bias if given any real signal about a candidate's fitness for a
       | job? That's not shown one way or another according to this press
       | release.
       | 
       | That said, I generally _do_ believe the thesis here (that speech
       | patterns influence class perceptions which significantly bias
       | hiring), even if I 'm not convinced that this particular study
       | shows that.
        
         | beaner wrote:
         | Yeah, the point taken from the study is really designed to
         | stoke tension when it is not really reflective of anything
         | meaningful when it comes to job applicant filtering.
         | 
         | It reminds me of a learning from one of Thomas Sowell's books.
         | There were communities that thought that background checks for
         | employees in certain industries were racially discriminating by
         | their very nature. They moved to ban them. Race disparities in
         | those industries consequently went up, not down. The reason?
         | Without an impartial and indifferent scan of a person's
         | background, employer's were left to use the signals they could
         | pick up on in person, filtered through their own biases. The
         | solution was to allow background checks again.
         | 
         | It sounds like this study is basically saying that without the
         | background check (in this case, actual interviews assessing
         | qualifications), that people are more likely to filter through
         | whatever biases they have at their disposal. Sounds like no
         | surprise... That's the whole point of the interview, to be the
         | impartial and indifferent filter that anyone would be judged
         | by. The solution is to just apply the interview and not judge
         | based on a few seconds of dialogue. Which nobody does anyway.
         | So it's not testing for anything real.
         | 
         | (Cue many knee-jerk anecdotal counterpoints to "nobody does
         | that anyway." Please. You're not getting that software
         | engineering job by being an artist with no prior experience who
         | flashes high-class speech for 10 seconds.)
        
           | strogonoff wrote:
           | > Please. You're not getting that software engineering job by
           | being an artist with no prior experience who flashes high-
           | class speech for 10 seconds.
           | 
           | If that's all that distinguishes you from other applicants,
           | you just might.
        
       | howeyc wrote:
       | I've always wondered with things like this, could it be possible
       | to make all interaction "text-based" until final stage?
       | 
       | Specifically for hiring:
       | 
       | What if applicants submitted resumes, but the name and school
       | they attended are replaced with numbers. Then throughout the
       | interview process all interactions were text-based and they were
       | addressed by this number. Then offer/acceptance is based on merit
       | (hopefully) and not on economic status, race, gender, etc.
       | 
       | I admit this isn't exactly well thought out, just a thought I've
       | had as a possible way to hopefully weed out any areas for bias to
       | creep into the process.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | I have wished for a system like this forever.
         | 
         | I have no qualms over a test. We all need to take tests.
         | 
         | Give all applicants a few written tests on the job they are
         | hiring for.
         | 
         | The people who do well on the test are given the job on a
         | probationary basis.
         | 
         | I might even exclude references, and schooling?
        
           | rsa25519 wrote:
           | > The people who do well on the test are given the job on a
           | probationary basis.
           | 
           | This sounds terrible. Not everyone can take tests well (even
           | if they strongly understand the content), and few people can
           | afford to accept a job that's probationary.
        
             | Enginerrrd wrote:
             | I've met plenty of average people / mediocre performers
             | that probably test worse than their other performance, but
             | I've never met an exceptional performer that was a poor
             | tester. I have met some exceptional testers that were poor
             | performers due to personality issues.
             | 
             | Tests have issues, but in general, the statement: "if
             | you're a "bad tester" you're not an excellent performer" is
             | pretty true.
             | 
             | The caveat being that, IMO, most of the time, institutions
             | are using the wrong test.
        
             | njarboe wrote:
             | In the US at least, at-will employment means that all jobs
             | are "probationary".
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | Because (admittedly an extreme example) if I'm hiring for a
         | public-facing position, I don't want to get someone with pink
         | and blue hair, excessive piercings and poor hygiene even if
         | they're smart and capable of performing the job function
         | otherwise.
         | 
         | In at least some cases, presenting and conducting yourself as a
         | "normal" person is important.
        
         | hpoe wrote:
         | Sounds like applying for a loan right now. The person at the
         | bank puts a few numbers into a computer that ties to a big
         | database maintained by
         | Experian/TransUnion/Equifax/ProfessionalParasites, and then it
         | decides if I should get a loan or not.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | Look up redlining to see how banks accomplish this even when
           | they're legally supposed to be blind.
        
         | noahtallen wrote:
         | Interestingly, Automattic (where I work) is completely text-
         | based throughout the entire hiring process for many roles. The
         | first interview is via Slack, the code test and trial stages
         | are via pull requests, slack, and p2. It's great because day-
         | to-day work uses these async tools rather than calls. So it's
         | more accurate anyways.
        
         | fighterpilot wrote:
         | I like that but race and gender blind admissions will lead to a
         | huge number of East Asian males which won't be tolerated.
        
           | booleandilemma wrote:
           | Why would it lead to a huge number of East Asian males?
        
             | fighterpilot wrote:
             | Universities use an unblinded selection process as a way to
             | intentionally handicap East Asians (and to a slightly
             | lesser extent, white people). Their proportion in enrolment
             | has been trending down steadily over time and has converged
             | to be nearly identical across all the top universities
             | (except for Caltech) which suggests they're all silently
             | colluding (by copying each others' quotas) to keep the
             | Asian enrolment percentage at precisely the depressed X
             | percent.
             | 
             | Private companies don't have such explicit Asian quotas in
             | place but the spirit of affirmative action is to handicap
             | Asian men and white men in the interview process. Google
             | does this by making the interview process easier for non
             | majority groups. If you can't apply the handicap then it
             | follows that the majority groups proportions will increase.
             | 
             | Of course, the counter argument is that implicit bias and
             | so on will mean the opposite will occur. But empirically
             | that isn't what has happened in universities, and so I have
             | no reason to expect it to happen in private hiring either.
        
               | tylerhou wrote:
               | > suggests they're all silently colluding (by copying
               | each others' quotas) to keep the Asian enrolment
               | percentage at precisely the depressed X percent.
               | 
               | You need more evidence than a trend to claim that there
               | is a conspiracy. And you can look the data & admissions
               | guidelines publicly released in SFFA v. Harvard to see
               | that there is no evidence that quotas exist.
               | 
               | > Google does this by making the interview process easier
               | for non majority groups.
               | 
               | Uh, but it doesn't. Speaking as someone who has
               | interviewed 30+ candidates at Google and been present at
               | hiring committees, there is no "lowering of the bar" for
               | people of certain races.
        
         | cauliflower2718 wrote:
         | I wonder if there are socioeconomic indicators in writing
         | style, too. I wouldn't be surprised if there were, even if we
         | consider only text in which grammar and spelling are correct.
         | (As a small example, there are ways to sound more or less like
         | a mathematician, even when writing about topics unrelated to
         | math.)
        
           | intergalplan wrote:
           | Of course there are. They're easier to pick out in informal
           | writing, of course, but even, "is capable of writing
           | extensively in SWE without screwing up or revealing lower-
           | class status through choice of word or idiom" is a pretty
           | strong class marker. One can even infer gender with much
           | better-than-even odds, though, again, it's easier the less-
           | formal the writing. There exist computer programs that
           | attempt that trick with fair success, too, though humans are
           | plenty capable of it on their own.
           | 
           | As for your example of mathematicians, and to offer a sense
           | of how easy it can be to accidentally and innocently give
           | these things away, something as simple as preposition use can
           | give away a mathematician (or at least someone who's had some
           | exposure to mathematical writing and usage). Consider:
           | "over", and "in", for example, and also seemingly-innocent
           | usage like the transitive verb "having", in a revealing
           | context.
           | 
           | See the commas after the closing quotation marks, in that
           | second paragraph? If I'm American, and not obviously-
           | deficient in the rest of my writing, that's a fairly reliable
           | signal that I'm a programmer.
        
           | Mvandenbergh wrote:
           | The more formal education someone has, the less their writing
           | will reflect these origins. Spoken language has both an
           | accent and a sociolect (dialect associated with a social
           | class). I don't think there's a writing equivalent of accent
           | that is associated with a social class.
           | 
           | Consider that people will do all of their writing in an
           | educational or formal context. I.e. nobody grows up writing
           | to their parents, siblings, and neighbourhood kids in a
           | particular sociolect the way they do with speaking. Many
           | people who speak with not just the accent but also the
           | sociolect of a particular class group will nonetheless write
           | in a way that only really reflects their education since that
           | is the context where they have done most of their writing.
           | 
           | There are definitely stylistic tics that reflect certain ways
           | of thinking. Someone who describes an idea as a "first order
           | approximation" which is "correct to an order of magnitude"
           | reveals that they have come from a particular way of thinking
           | about the world. I'm not sure how may social class related
           | style "tells" would make it into someone's written
           | communication though. Especially task-related communication
           | during a hiring process. Unlike accent which is always on,
           | particular sociolect may only be deployed in a particular
           | context.
           | 
           | It is often pretty easy to tell writing, even if
           | grammatically correct, which comes from someone who is not
           | highly educated and doesn't used writing as a main method of
           | communication. They tend to ramble and their writing reads
           | like a transcript. I used to follow the legal advice
           | subreddits and often the people with the most complex and
           | troubling problems would describe them in this wildly
           | digressive way where right in the middle of a paragraph about
           | something that X had done to Y we're suddenly treated to
           | completely irrelevant details about Y's sister of X's uncle.
           | 
           | Again though, this only shows up in the writing of someone
           | who hasn't had a lot of education. Someone from a humble
           | background but a lot of practice writing may have an obvious
           | accent while writing like any other educated professional.
           | Unlike accents which are almost indelible.
        
           | booleandilemma wrote:
           | If we did decide to do hiring this way, you could be sure
           | that there _would be_ , even if there aren't any currently.
           | 
           | People would try choosing their words to make them sound like
           | they're part of the "in" group.
        
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