[HN Gopher] The Blue Hole in the Red Sea is the deadliest dive s...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Blue Hole in the Red Sea is the deadliest dive site in the
       world
        
       Author : pmcpinto
       Score  : 288 points
       Date   : 2021-04-27 08:42 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.spiegel.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.spiegel.de)
        
       | lbrindze wrote:
       | It turns out almost all the organizations follow the same
       | training standards set out by the WRSTC (World Recreational Scuba
       | Training Council). The big exception is CMAS which past level 2
       | no longer is comparable to the WRSTC program tracks since it
       | allows for decompression diving on air down to 40m (level 2) and
       | 56m (level 3).
       | 
       | This means even with an advanced or master diver certificate from
       | PADI, (NAUI, SDI, SSI, etc...) the tables you learn to use do not
       | go beyond decompression limits (requiring mandated decompression
       | stops on your ascent) since they stop at 30m. It used to be 40m
       | but I believe the standard has become more conservative since I
       | was last teaching. NAUI does have supplemental training that goes
       | beyond WRSTC standards but a lot of that has to do with the
       | science and ecology of the underwater world more generally.
       | 
       | All open water level certs (usually the most basic level cert)
       | expects students to be fully autonomous (with their buddies) by
       | the end of the course. If you sign up for an open water dive in
       | southern. California for example, it is rarely a guided
       | experience and most people form groups of 2-3 on the boat and go
       | and enjoy the water, coming back within an 1-1.5 hours. Almost
       | everywhere else I have worked, it is expected (by the guests...)
       | that all dives in open water are lead by a certified dive master
       | and not self lead in small groups. I personally think this is a
       | result of the way the standards and incentives work for dive
       | operators to encourage that dependency on their outfit and keep
       | the money flowing in.
       | 
       | Generally recreational diving is very safe but even working as an
       | instructor for a few years at a few different outfits, there is
       | always a handful of fatalities. I really like the comparison to
       | Skydiving someone else made, except its a much more subtle danger
       | since you dont actually need to be in top physical shape to do
       | this activity (even though it is required by the certification
       | agencies).
       | 
       | The only other thing I find interesting is all the certification
       | agencies are for the INSTRUCTORS (hence the I in PADI, NAUI,
       | SSI...). These orgs are outfits that enable recreational scuba
       | operators to have a standardized set of empirically derived
       | safety limits to protect the instructor and shop liability (not
       | the student's). More often than not, especially in far flung,
       | remote diving destinations, caution is thrown to the wind and
       | people do not always follow the prescribed standards.
       | 
       | Source: OWSI (Open water scuba instructor) with multiple agencies
       | as well as CMAS level 3 diver
        
       | Karawebnetwork wrote:
       | "A notable death was that of Yuri Lipski, a 22-year-old Russian-
       | Israeli diving instructor on 28 April 2000 at a depth of 115
       | metres after an uncontrolled descent.
       | 
       | Lipski's body was recovered the following day by Tarek Omar, one
       | of the world's foremost deep-water divers, at the request of
       | Lipski's mother.
       | 
       | Omar says: Two days after we recovered his remains and gave [his
       | mother] his belongings and equipment, she came to me asking that
       | I help her disassemble them so she can pack them. The camera
       | should have been damaged or even broken altogether because I had
       | found it at a depth of 115 metres, and it is only designed to
       | sustain 75 metres; but, to my surprise, the camera was still
       | working. We played it and his mother was there. I regret that his
       | mother will have this forever... If I had known the footage
       | existed I'd have flooded it. I think the thing that really upset
       | and saddened me about it was that his mom has it now - she has
       | the footage of her own son drowning."
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Hole_(Red_Sea)
        
       | roland35 wrote:
       | Summary: The Blue hole is a natural sinkhole off the coast of
       | Egypt. It is very accessible, there are many beginners, and there
       | are many unscrupulous dive guides which lead to diver depths.
       | 
       | Some basic diving rules which when broken lead to deaths:
       | 
       | - Not diving with a partner
       | 
       | - Diving below the depth you should be
       | 
       | - Diving after partying the night before
       | 
       | - Rising back up too quickly
        
         | danparsonson wrote:
         | Yeah exactly - any diving is dangerous if a diver behaves in
         | the ways described in this article, it's not the site that's
         | the problem per se. Just the depth that makes it easy for
         | things to get worse when they go wrong I guess.
        
         | shellfishgene wrote:
         | I think one big part of it is that tunnnel that leads out of
         | the hole to the open ocean. Tunnels and arches to dive through
         | magically attract divers, also for taking picures. The tunnel's
         | ceiling is at 52-56 meters, which is exactly the depth that
         | compressed air divers think they can risk diving to. The bottom
         | of the tunnel however is at around 100 m, and nitrogen narcosis
         | sometimes causes inexperienced divers to reach it...
        
           | Syzygies wrote:
           | > nitrogen narcosis sometimes causes inexperienced divers to
           | reach it
           | 
           | For those of us who (don't) remember the 60's, experience can
           | take many forms. I remember reaching a depth of 100' in scuba
           | training, and being asked to do arithmetic at a whiteboard.
           | 
           | "Um, ask me how I wrote my thesis..."
        
       | DamnInteresting wrote:
       | Perhaps worth adding (2012) to the title. It is evergreen, still
       | relevant, but worth noting that it is almost 10 years old.
        
       | ChrisBland wrote:
       | I'm an avid diver; got certified as soon as I turned 12 years old
       | and have had some great adventures and life lessons diving and
       | continuing my training and education. After many many
       | conversations and encounters on dive boats with others (some
       | seasoned, most tourist / rec divers) - I believe that 90% of the
       | industry sees diving akin to a roller coaster ride instead of
       | Skydiving. The risks with scuba are there for you to see and the
       | situation can get deadly very quickly, but most people don't see
       | the inherit risk or shrug it off. I've watched countless divers
       | who are renting their bc/reg/tank/computer not even go through
       | the most basic safety checks prior to diving. They simply trust
       | the operator and jump in. This is not a "batteries included"
       | sport. It is that lack of preparedness that leads to fatal
       | accidents, people who don't respect the sport for what it is and
       | the dangers that come with it. If you don't plan your dives,
       | understand the dive profile, then you are going to panic of make
       | a stupid decision when you shouldn't. When I was younger,
       | technical dives; cave and deep, where my two favorite things to
       | do, the amount of planning it took to pull off the dives was
       | enjoyable and I enjoyed pushing myself in to those situations and
       | the focus it required. Now that I have kids, I won't do those
       | dives anymore b/c I understand that when you plan them, there is
       | a greater than 0 chance that you don't come back and its not
       | worth it to me to take that chance.
        
         | samdixon wrote:
         | I have a similar theory about motorcycles. It's not batteries
         | included, and some people ride like absolute madmen increasing
         | the fatality rate.
        
           | jdeibele wrote:
           | I dropped my motorcycle endorsement when I had kids. There
           | were too many death notices in the newspaper where a guy
           | about my age was killed because a car "didn't see them" and
           | turned right in front of them.
           | 
           | In most cases there wasn't an indication that they were
           | speeding or drunk or on drugs, just that other people weren't
           | paying attention. And maybe that the rider didn't allow for
           | that.
        
           | Syonyk wrote:
           | It's not actually the people riding like lunatics that manage
           | to kill themselves on motorcycles at high rates. It's the old
           | guys, riding back from "biker nights" at the bar, in full
           | branded gear to include the do-rag and t-shirt. Lots of
           | single rider, single bike accident with substantial alcohol
           | in the blood.
           | 
           | I've ridden for many years, and I also fly small planes, so
           | I'm quite aware of my higher-than-average risk profile, and
           | have gone through a lot of studies and reading to determine
           | how I can, as much as possible, mitigate the risks while
           | still enjoying the activities.
           | 
           | For motorcycles, riding regularly, in full gear, while sober,
           | gains you an awful lot. Riding infrequently is hard because
           | you don't maintain the muscle memory, full gear turns most
           | crashes into a "Invent new cusswords to remove the paint from
           | your helmet, get up, and walk away" event (not all,
           | obviously, but if you crash without gear, it's going to
           | either suck a lot or end your life, and if you crash in gear
           | it's a lot less likely to suck or kill you), and "bike nights
           | at the bar" are just dumb.
           | 
           | Knowing the limits of your bike is also helpful. I did a few
           | track days, decided I didn't want to go down this route, but
           | very much appreciated the chance to learn (in a safe
           | environment) how much further than my normal limits I could
           | ride on the bike. I couldn't ride anywhere near the limits of
           | my bike, and knew it, but I expanded the envelope of "I know
           | I can make this bike do that," and it was occasionally
           | useful. The guys riding wheelies down the highway, against
           | what most people believe, actually don't kill themselves
           | terribly often. They know the limits of their bike, they know
           | what they can make it do, and if there's something that
           | requires a rapid response, they can make the bike do it on
           | demand. One of those guys has a car pull out in front of
           | them, they're either able to stop competently, or aim for the
           | new gap, lean the bike over, cut through the gap, and flip
           | off the car. The guy who rides a big cruiser 300 miles a year
           | to the bar is more likely to mentally lock up, lock the
           | brakes (before antilocks were standard), and slam into the
           | side of said vehicle. Often while sliding on the ground
           | first, having locked the rear tire.
           | 
           | You also, if you're riding regularly, learn in a hurry how to
           | identify the cars to watch out for. Maybe the slammed Honda
           | with a fart can, park bench, and body damage is being driven
           | by someone's mom, who is the most respectful person on the
           | road. Don't care, I'm going to assume it's likely to do
           | something very abrupt and stupid. And, often enough, they do.
           | 
           | But if you wear gear, ride a lot, and understand the limits
           | of your bike, you can manage a lot of riding miles, very
           | safely. As much as people make fun of the old couples on
           | Goldwings in the glow-stick yellow riding gear, a lot of
           | those people ride 30k+ miles/yr, for many, many years,
           | entirely safely.
           | 
           | This is getting long, but general aviation accident records
           | contain a lot of the same sort of thing - "Here's a short
           | list of quick ways to die in an airplane. Don't do these and
           | your life expectancy will increase dramatically."
           | 
           | And nothing here means that you can control all the risk.
           | Sometimes, shit happens and there's nothing you can do about
           | it, despite all your preparations (Gann's Fate is the Hunter
           | is a great read on the subject). But you can radically
           | balance the scales in your direction with the right planning.
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | Interesting. I'd be curious to read your thoughts on
             | mitigating risk with general aviation. Is there a checklist
             | somewhere of "always do these 20 things" or do you have to
             | comb the NTSB accident records yourself?
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | > I'd be curious to read your thoughts on mitigating risk
               | with general aviation.
               | 
               | It seems like one of the big ones is simply: "Don't go up
               | in shitty weather."
               | 
               | Too many people are dead because they just _had_ to fly
               | in crap weather.
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | You don't have to comb the NTSB records - they're
               | aggregated by various groups.
               | 
               | A lot of them involve loss of control of some form or
               | another - typically in instrument flight conditions,
               | often enough by someone who either doesn't have an
               | instrument rating or is badly out of practice. A VFR only
               | pilot in the clouds has a lifespan measured in minutes.
               | 
               | Running out of fuel for some reason is depressingly
               | common - and while an off-airport landing isn't
               | automatically fatal, "pilot failed to monitor fuel in
               | flight" is a pretty stupid reason to crash.
               | 
               | And avoid light twins. They're a lot more demanding when
               | an engine fails, and typically don't handle off airport
               | landings very well. There don't tend to be many injuries
               | with twins - either you handle everything properly and
               | land safely, or the aircraft leaves a small smoking
               | crater in the ground.
               | 
               | A lot of it is simply looking at the sky, forecast, and
               | deciding "You know, this just isn't a good day to put a
               | small airplane in the sky." I consider night VFR to be
               | fairly risky too. Clouds are invisible, visual illusions
               | in sparsely populated areas are common, and it's hard to
               | find a nice flat area to land if your engine quits at
               | night.
        
               | Natsu wrote:
               | Sometimes this just makes me think that every pilot needs
               | some IRF experience and a fuel gauge that has an alarm
               | that says 'land now, you moron' or such.
        
               | hbrav wrote:
               | Small airfcraft fuel gauges are notoriously unreliable.
               | If it's reading low, yes, be alarmed. But sometimes the
               | float gets stuck, so if your estimate for how much fuel
               | you should have burned puts your fuel lower, trust that.
               | 
               | At least in the UK, getting a private pilot's licence did
               | involve a couple of hours of simulated IFR. Not enough to
               | do anything complex. But enough to turn 180, and be able
               | to follow detailed controller instructions.
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | In the US, you need a couple hours of simulated
               | instrument time as well. One difference in the US is that
               | you can legally fly VFR at night - even if it may be
               | unwise in a lot of areas. A lot of countries (I believe
               | the UK is one of them?) require an instrument ticket for
               | flying at night.
               | 
               | If you're up over, say, Iowa at night? Tons of farms,
               | flat, lights everywhere? It's fine. Pretty, you can still
               | see stuff, and short of an invisible power line for an
               | off airport landing, it's almost like flying during the
               | day.
               | 
               | Out in Idaho, in the mountains? You're pretty dumb to fly
               | VFR at night. There's no light anywhere, lots of hard
               | rock, and plenty of clouds that like to appear with no
               | warning.
               | 
               | But, yes, fuel gauges suck. The problem is that even if
               | you put something like a fuel totalizer in, you still
               | only know how much has gone into the engine, not how much
               | is left in the wings. I understand a loose or missing
               | fuel cap will drain a Cessna's wing tank in about 10-15
               | minutes.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Huh. Wait, aircraft use float based fuel gauges still? I
               | thought everything had gone electro-resistive since
               | you'll get the same measurement regardless of orientation
               | of the tank if you place your sensors right.
               | 
               | I remember coming across that as a specific design
               | challenge to overcome. Floats don't read the same when
               | flying upside-down.
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | Most of the US General Aviation fleet is from the 1950s
               | to 1980s. They still use floats.
               | 
               | Those who fly upside down on purpose tend to either not
               | care about the fuel readings when upside down, or fly
               | something modern enough. But I can't imagine an airshow
               | performer is paying any attention to the fuel gauges. "I
               | have a 15 minute routine, I have an hour of fuel onboard,
               | and I'm surrounded by an airport, which is a good place
               | for an emergency landing."
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Are they? Cause motocycle incidents I knew of were all
             | young overconfident guys. No alcohol was involved and it
             | was during the day. The traffic rules were broken tho
             | (speed and aggressive riding).
             | 
             | Anecdotal, but still.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | > It's not actually the people riding like lunatics that
             | manage to kill themselves on motorcycles at high rates.
             | 
             | There are a couple of high risk groups. One is young guys
             | with a combination of inexperience and a desire to go
             | fast(er than conditions/skills allow). Another is older
             | guys, often who haven't ridden for years if ever, who get
             | into trouble. Again inexperience is a big factor in both.
        
               | codeduck wrote:
               | Last time I looked at the numbers, the peaks were at 6
               | months to a year of experience riding, and the second at
               | 3 to 4 years. The first peak being generally due to
               | inexperience, the second to overconfidence.
               | 
               | Lack of regular experience is definitely a contributing
               | factor. Muscle memory has a half life.
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | > _Muscle memory has a half life._
               | 
               | Indeed. This is part of why I sold one of my motorcycles
               | - a powerful, fairly aggressive sport touring bike. It
               | was my daily driver for about 2.5 years, and I rode it
               | typically 7 days a week, around 1300-1500 miles a month.
               | I knew the bike, and I had the "edge" - there was no
               | question about what the bike was going to do. I knew it,
               | I knew how it responded, I knew what I could ask of it.
               | If I didn't ride for a few days, I could feel that the
               | edge was dull when I got back on - there was just a
               | little something missing, corners were a smidge sloppier,
               | etc.
               | 
               | And I was no longer riding enough miles on that bike to
               | keep that. I knew I was ham fisted when riding it
               | compared to what I used to be, and I just don't put
               | enough miles on anymore that I was able to keep it up.
               | 
               | I now ride the motorcycle version of a Russian tractor
               | (one of a few Urals - sidecar rigs), and they're both
               | entirely different from two wheels and demanding in
               | different ways. But they don't have the sort of instant
               | response of a sportbike either. A good sportbike does
               | what you asked, _right now._ Capable of it or not, it
               | does what you told it to do, and if that includes an
               | unintentional wheelie, well, you _did_ ask for it with
               | your throttle inputs. The Urals have their own nasty
               | handling corner cases, but are a lot more forgiving in
               | many ways, and you really have to muscle them around at
               | times. A subtle input gets entirely ignored.
        
               | codeduck wrote:
               | For broadly similar reasons I have a 650cc twin sports
               | tourer. It is docile, mild mannered, and has enough
               | reserve power at the speed limit should I need it.
               | 
               | I don't want or need anything more.
        
               | whymauri wrote:
               | The older guys scare me more, especially on scenic drives
               | like Blue Ridge. They can outright bully normal drivers
               | (surrounding them to force them to go faster). Of course,
               | these are the vast minority of motorcyclists, but it's
               | still a recurrent issue.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | One thing about places like the Blue Ridge is they are
               | popular enough for tourism that they draw people from all
               | over the country - including those who have never or
               | rarely driven similar roads. That plus being crowded can
               | be a perfect storm for stupid accidents.
        
             | hellbannedguy wrote:
             | In the United States, cops pull over most bikes, especially
             | after 10 pm. It's almost like they just hate bikers?
             | 
             | The bikers I know are not getting buzzed at the local
             | watering hole, and aiming the bike home. It's not the 70's.
             | 
             | In my county, the fatal bike crashes are usually new high
             | end high performance bikes, on country roads. They are
             | experienced, but pushing it. They are cold sober.
             | 
             | The days of having a few beers, and driving home on the
             | bike, or even an old car, must be down across the county?
             | 
             | Cops realized a while ago that most Americans have no
             | qualms over arresting a guy over a DUI, and they are
             | villigant.
             | 
             | To vigilant in my opinion. (I heard in Texas if a dui
             | defendant can prove they were not physically, or mentally
             | impaired, while doing a computer simulation, they might get
             | out of a dui? This might be just a rumor? I feel it's more
             | fair, especially when a marginal dui can significantly
             | impair your economic viability for years, especially for
             | the poor.)
             | 
             | In upper class neighborhoods, it's usually the only crime
             | they can solve, after pulling over 50 sober drivers?
             | 
             | My brother got a DUI over .04 BAC. He also had weed in his
             | system from the day before, and clumsily told the cop the
             | truth when asked. Bored officer, "Did you take any drugs?".
             | My naieve brother, "well yesterday I smoked some weed.".
             | Arrested, and lost the case.
             | 
             | My point is the DUI scare is real among everyone, but the
             | naieve.
             | 
             | When I had my motorcycle, I was pulled over so many times
             | for no reason it was maddening. It's the main reason I
             | don't ride anymore.
             | 
             | Getting pulled over for no reason other than a cop hoping
             | to nab a marginal dui is really irritating.
             | 
             | I've gotten to the point where I have two dash cameras
             | always activated, and I try to not go out past 10 pm in an
             | old car.
             | 
             | (I can offer this, if you are ever in Marin County CA,
             | expect to be pulled over if driving a motorcycle at night.
             | Also expect to be pulled over if you look ethnic, or drive
             | an older vechicle. We have a bunch of bored cops, and they
             | look for anything they can to fill up that duty sheet. Oh
             | yea, they peer into bars, and follow patrons home.)
        
             | hwillis wrote:
             | The median age of riders is ~50 while the average age of
             | fatalities is 42. People over 50 make up significantly less
             | than half of fatalities.
             | 
             | However, you are still kind of correct- the number of
             | fatalities picks up strongly at 50+. People 35-45 tend to
             | be the safest. People 50+ are still on average
             | significantly safer than <30, even those who are first
             | riding late in life.
             | 
             | Motorcycle fatalities are heavily associated with risk-
             | taking more than anything else. There are more people like
             | that <30, but there are plenty of Boomers riding recklessly
             | as well. 27% of motorcycle riders in fatal accidents are
             | alcohol-impaired, by far the highest of any vehicle
             | category. Passenger cars and light trucks are 21% and 20%.
             | 
             | Data from NHTSA summaries
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > The median age of riders is ~50 while the average age
               | of fatalities is 42. People over 50 make up significantly
               | less than half of fatalities.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if you were trying to imply there was some
               | connection between those sentences? You could easily have
               | more than 50% of fatalities over 50, and still get an
               | average of 42 (for example, deaths clustered mostly in
               | either twenties or fifties).
        
               | ska wrote:
               | > motorcycle riders in fatal accidents are alcohol-
               | impaired,by far the highest of any vehicle category.
               | 
               | I think this is attributable mostly to the fact that
               | fatality rate on any motorcycle accident is higher (for
               | obvious reasons) and that alcohol is especially a
               | contributing factor to single vehicle accidents.
               | 
               | If you are tipsy and go into a corner a bit fast in a car
               | you can usually react in a way that will save it; many
               | "gut" level reactions on a motorcycle will cause bad
               | things to happen (e.g. most braking while already in a
               | corner). Touching a soft shoulder is much, much easier to
               | recover, etc.
        
             | neonological wrote:
             | One part of being human is the ability to rationalize
             | situations rather then be rational about the situation. Two
             | very different things.
             | 
             | Our biases prevent us from recognizing this in ourselves
             | ever.
             | 
             | Not saying you're rationalizing your behavior, but I'm
             | saying it's a possibility. The only way to know for sure is
             | to provide data to back up what you're saying.
             | 
             | What is your statistical risk profile based off of the
             | conditions your provided?
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | It's certainly a possibility, and I've not sat down with
               | a spreadsheet to optimize my risk profiles.
               | 
               | I like riding motorcycles, so I try to do it in as safe a
               | way as reasonably possible. Right now, given that I'm
               | typically on ill-handling sidecar rigs, that involves
               | gear and no longer riding two wheels frequently.
               | 
               | I like small planes. Again, I try to find safer ways to
               | do it.
               | 
               | But I recognize that these are still riskier activities,
               | and I do them because I enjoy them, entirely aware of the
               | risks involved.
               | 
               | "Trying to do the research to be able to quantify my
               | risks and mitigations in a spreadsheet" doesn't sound
               | terribly enjoyable to me, so I've no intensions of doing
               | it.
        
         | ethbr0 wrote:
         | First class of dive course at CWRU:
         | 
         |  _Older Navy diver instructor walks in_ "So I know each of you
         | is coming into this class with different levels of experience.
         | What we're going to do first is a short test on your
         | proficiency for 20 minutes.
         | 
         | It will be graded on completeness, not correctness. You are not
         | expected to know all the answers. I'm just interested in
         | gauging what you know.
         | 
         | Be aware, there are a lot of questions for the time, so I
         | suggest you work quickly to get through all of them. Make sure
         | you read and follow all instructions.
         | 
         | Do not turn your paper over and start until I've handed all of
         | them out and said go.
         | 
         |  _hands out tests_
         | 
         | Go."
         | 
         |  _12 /14 people in the class start furiously scribbling_
         | 
         | The first sentence on the test?
         | 
         | "If you read this sentence, please continue to hold your
         | pencil, but do not write on this test. Wait until time has
         | expired."
         | 
         | It always stuck with me as one of the best lessons about
         | diving. Both in what you should do, and what our natural
         | inclinations to actually do are.
        
           | Nursie wrote:
           | We had a Chemistry teacher who tried a similar sort of thing
           | on us when I was about 17.
           | 
           | "OK class, today's lesson is going to be a dictation, get
           | your books out and start taking this down"
           | 
           | I can't remember the exact content but effectively he started
           | off with some familiar organic chemistry and then veered off
           | to stuff that was pretty obviously wrong.
           | 
           | I'm proud to say that I'm the one that said "Eh ... that
           | doesn't seem like a valid equation ... ?"
           | 
           | "Good! Never just copy this stuff down without engaging your
           | brain!"
           | 
           | (Or at least that's the way it goes in my memory, 17 was a
           | long old time ago!)
        
             | nkassis wrote:
             | I was not a great student but at one point in college I
             | realized that I wasn't listening while taking notes. I was
             | just mindlessly copying everything exactly as was written
             | on the white board missing out on what my teachers said.
             | 
             | I stopped taking notes at this point and started paying
             | attention instead. My grades improved. This might not work
             | for everyone but something to try if you struggle retaining
             | lecture content even as you take a bunch of notes.
        
               | andrekandre wrote:
               | yes, ive had similar experiences, and thinking back on
               | it, why take notes when you can just record the lecture
               | and play it back later.... better to engage in the
               | lecture, since thats why we are there in the first place!
        
               | sigg3 wrote:
               | Funny, for me it's the opposite. Can't remember it if I
               | don't write it down. I don't have to read it afterwards,
               | I just remember what it was by remembering writing it.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | Those who followed first sentence instruction did correctly
           | one question. _And ignored all the others in test that was
           | supposed to be graded on completeness._
           | 
           | He also claimed the goal was to gauge their knowledge. Again,
           | that was lie. And those who scribbled were literally trying
           | to fulfill stated goal of test.
           | 
           | > It will be graded on completeness, not correctness. You are
           | not expected to know all the answers. I'm just interested in
           | gauging what you know.
           | 
           | In overwhelming majority of situations, of you sabotage goal
           | of event due to following likely faulty mutually conflicting
           | instructions, you will be blamed for it.
        
           | s_dev wrote:
           | Other versions of this test include the last question being
           | "Don't answer any questions". The habit the teacher was
           | trying to impart was "read the whole paper" first before
           | answering any questions -- particularly if there are multiple
           | choice questions.
        
             | throw1234651234 wrote:
             | This is an irrational party(professor) trick that wastes
             | everyone's time.
             | 
             | An argument could be made for "read the (short)
             | instructions at the start". An argument cannot be made for
             | this. There is often very little value to skimming the
             | entire question set before the exam.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I agree. More over, half of these have genuinly mutually
               | exclusive instructions.
               | 
               | And from those mutually exclusive requirements you are
               | supposed to pick the "least likely one" else you are
               | wrong. It is good example how manipulation works however.
               | You put people into unsolvable situation and then blame
               | them.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | It's been a very long time since I had to do any tests,
               | but back in my school days, with multiple-choice tests, I
               | evolved a method of quickly answering everything I was
               | confident to know 100% throughout the entire test in a
               | first pass, reserving the rest for subsequent
               | increasingly slower passes.
               | 
               | What tended to occur was the earlier fast passes at the
               | very least warmed up the cache upstairs, and some
               | previously unclear questions became obvious. Then for the
               | remaining questions, they often had dependencies with
               | other questions and their answers, which I could use to
               | deduce probably correct answers.
               | 
               | This was obscenely effective. To the extent that I would
               | ace tests in classes I barely attended and never turned
               | in homework for, in some cases culminating in teachers
               | publicly accusing me of cheating on the exams. Though
               | some of that was also due to switching from private to
               | public school where I had already learned the material in
               | the previous years.
        
               | travisjungroth wrote:
               | I once used this method and spent the last ten minutes of
               | a test just guess-and-checking the solutions to a
               | question I didn't remember the formula for. Of course, it
               | was the last one I checked. (I wasn't confident enough to
               | early return).
        
               | henshao wrote:
               | I don't know about you, but for my tests on a curve where
               | I might not be able to answer all the questions, doing
               | the quick skim to answer the low hanging fruit before
               | getting to the harder problems is a good way to make sure
               | you don't run out of time and lose out.
        
               | kemitche wrote:
               | I did the same, but if I'm doing that skimming and I know
               | the answer to question 12 is (c), I fill in (c) and keep
               | going. I don't read all the questions, then go back and
               | try and remember which of the questions I knew the
               | answers to off-hand. Instead, I'd do the test in 3
               | passes.
               | 
               | 1. Answer all questions that I know the answer instantly
               | or (for math type tests) can solve within a few seconds.
               | Skip anything not quick. 2. Go back and answer questions
               | that I know I can solve. These usually take a minute or
               | two (since the easy ones should already be done). If
               | there happens to be a question I know I can solve but
               | also know will take "too much time," skip it. 3. If
               | there's time left, work through any remaining questions
               | (hopefully there aren't that many), making a best effort
               | to prioritize the ones I'm more confident that I can
               | solve in the time remaining.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Why would you not answer questions you know straight
               | away? That wastes time.
        
               | dllthomas wrote:
               | Also, content of later questions can be useful earlier,
               | and getting some background brain cells working on the
               | hard stuff while you churn through the easy stuff could
               | be worthwhile.
               | 
               | It's a good lesson, but it's a lesson about taking tests
               | not about the material. I can see arguments for and
               | against including that in any given class.
        
               | Nadya wrote:
               | >content of later questions can be useful earlier
               | 
               | In some tests I have seen future questions answer
               | previous ones. For a contrived example:
               | 
               | "Q1: What color was the bookshelf? A. Red B. Green C.
               | Blue"
               | 
               | "Q2: What sentimental item did John take from the red
               | bookshelf?"
               | 
               | I was never sure if it was on purpose to reinforce
               | reading all questions before answering or if it was
               | merely poor test design. Usually it was more subtle than
               | my contrived example but it did bump my scores on some
               | tests up a bit.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | One of my middle school teachers gave that sheet out to the
             | class. I was that one kid that took it seriously, but had
             | no prior-example knowledge to even bother reading ahead.
             | 
             | The test with the bail-out at the start sounds logically
             | fine. The test I was given was just a cruel trick from a
             | trusted source of tests / knowledge provision.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | grawprog wrote:
           | We had a similar one of those in school. The first question
           | of the test was 'read all questions before you start.' Then
           | it had stuff like poke holes in the paper, draw things,
           | random stuff, the very last question though was,
           | 
           | 'Now that you've read all the questions, just write your name
           | in the top corner and turn your paper over.'
           | 
           | Yeah...a lot of my classmates ended up with holes and
           | scribbles on their tests...
        
             | ant6n wrote:
             | It's pretty ambiguous, though. In tests you usually
             | complete all questions. Why should you in this instance
             | only complete the first and the last task?
        
               | grawprog wrote:
               | The teacher also told us specifically to read everything
               | before also doing anything.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | 1.) The complete set of instructions was inconsistent and
               | mutually exclusive. The two questions required mutually
               | exclusive actions. Why pick last?
               | 
               | 2.) That is standard boilerplate typically said due to
               | people not reading whole questions. And it is not useful
               | advice in general.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | I had one of those in fourth or fifth grade. It had items
             | like "squawk like a chicken", making it obvious to everyone
             | whether or not you read the directions.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | "not even go through the most basic safety checks prior to
         | diving"
         | 
         | From my experience the dive operators in tourist spots often
         | don't want you to touch anything. Kind of makes sense because
         | most tourists like myself only have a very vague recollection
         | of the procedure.
        
           | ghostpepper wrote:
           | It's a vicious cycle though: tourists don't know how to dive
           | safely so instead of making sure they know, we'll just set up
           | their gear and throw them in the water. Tourists learn that
           | this is normal, and become even less likely to know how their
           | gear should be configured, which makes the next operator more
           | confident in their decision to not let the tourist set up
           | their own gear.
           | 
           | The crew on a dive boat in a tropical destination could very
           | well be a 20 year old newly certified divemaster who's been
           | up all night partying - there's no way I'm letting that
           | person be responsible for making sure my air supply is
           | connected and turned on before throwing me in the water, or
           | any of the other standard pre-dive (BWRAF) safety checks that
           | all certified divers are taught to do.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Isn't that exact same thing that is happening in anything
             | touristy? And I fail to see why it is wrong? (Except drunk
             | sleeep deprived guide).
        
             | random5634 wrote:
             | The problem dive locations have is a lot of people a)
             | overstate experience or what they remember, b) are
             | unfamiliar or have not tested equip they will be diving
             | with and c) equip is not familiar to operator if they bring
             | their stuff.
             | 
             | People don't dive enough. So they buy all sorts of new
             | stuff for their big new drift dive vacation. In some cases
             | they've literally not been underwater with it for even 20
             | minutes. Also makes it harder to do an at a glance x-check
             | for folks if you don't know their gear. And some gear
             | harder to deal with (ie, adding weights underwater) if
             | someone turns out underweighted.
             | 
             | My own feeling - unless someone is current with their equip
             | or has current diving - start with a hard bottom dive at
             | 40'.
        
               | pge wrote:
               | You touch on what I think is an important consideration.
               | A lot of people want to get into diving but just don't
               | have the time to do it consistently enough to be fully on
               | top of it. They have a few days vacation and go do a nice
               | destination and expect to jump right back in at the same
               | level they have done before, or even worse they buy some
               | new gear as if gear makes up for practice. Like with a
               | lot of things, there is no substitute for time in the
               | water as a diver. Good decision making and technique come
               | from lots of consistent practice, that most people don't
               | have the time to do.
        
           | Starwatcher2001 wrote:
           | If you really have only a vague recollection of basic safety
           | checks you shouldn't be diving - seriously.
        
             | jgalt212 wrote:
             | or using Tesla cars in autopilot mode as an equivalent to a
             | self-driving car.
        
             | ddls wrote:
             | You should, according to PADI norms, be offered a refresher
             | dive. It costs $10 more and you spend 15 minutes with a
             | dive master reviewing basic skills before a normal dive.
             | The dive master also then knows to keep you close during
             | the dive.
        
               | mohaine wrote:
               | This is exactly what the resorts I've been to do. Dives
               | are free (All inclusive, Couples Jamaica) but if don't
               | have a dive book with a signed off dive in the last year
               | it is 50$ for a refresher/skills test.
               | 
               | I've normally felt really safe on these but once there
               | was way to many people for them all to be babysat and the
               | group actually got split up due to 'issues' that the
               | following guide had to help with.
        
             | topynate wrote:
             | In Israel a short refresher course is mandatory if you
             | haven't dived for six months. IMO any reputable company
             | should require the same.
        
               | whymauri wrote:
               | This should be mandatory for a lot of sports, honestly.
               | Assisted climbing (lead, top-roping) comes to mind. Kinda
               | crazy that in many gyms you can get on a wall with no
               | verification that your belay knows what they're doing.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | As far as I know they're mandatory everywhere, but pretty
               | much noone checks this. If you don't sign up yourself,
               | it's not happening.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Doesn't sound like the evidence backs this assertion,
             | irrespective of your experience.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | What evidence? Evidence that lots of diving places take
               | safety shortcuts?
               | 
               | I myself got my first certifications with two amazing
               | divers, they taught me very well and I had a lot of fun.
               | However they also allowed people to take dives that they
               | weren't certified for, because it was a small diving
               | center they could only do two dives a day and they had to
               | satisfy a wide range of divers.
               | 
               | They did that with people that they had taught and knew
               | well, and never had issues (certainly not a 60m
               | compressed air dive as in the article!) but it did indeed
               | make diving somewhat less safe.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Well, presumably if OP statement were true, recreational
               | diving would involve large numbers of casualties.
               | Casualties in recreational diving are somewhat rare,
               | however, at 2 per million dives.
               | 
               | Tourist dives are even safer since they do not perform
               | advanced dives. Overall, the evidence does not support
               | the view "If you really have only a vague recollection of
               | basic safety checks you shouldn't be diving - seriously."
               | 
               | Most tourists diving have only that and they're not dying
               | in droves.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | Of course, because things very rarely go south,
               | especially to the point of someone dying. But still,
               | spending half an hour reviewing some basic course
               | material is not a huge thing to ask.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Yes, it is certainly acceptable to ask for that. Not
               | arguing that.
               | 
               | Merely pointing out that there is no evidence for the
               | assertion as stated.
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | Absolutely, I am a somewhat experienced diver looking at
             | certifications, but it's all too easy to forget things even
             | if you have more than a vague recollection. Whenever I
             | haven't dived for a couple years, I always ask an
             | instructor to check on me while I prepare for the first
             | dive, because I just don't trust myself.
             | 
             | A dive or two later I am okay with helping newly certified
             | divers both on shore and on the boat, but on the first dive
             | after some time you should never overestimate your memory.
             | 
             | Diving is safe if you know how to keep it safe.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > it's all too easy to forget things even if you have
               | more than a vague recollection. Whenever I haven't dived
               | for a couple years, I always ask an instructor to check
               | on me while I prepare for the first dive, because I just
               | don't trust myself.
               | 
               | Do you have a checklist?
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | If you mean something to go through physically (e.g. on
               | paper) no, at least not for non-technical dives. There is
               | a standard list of things to do, which I agree with the
               | parent comment you should remember more than vaguely
               | before diving.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Here is the recommended pre-dive checklist.
               | 
               | https://gue.com/blog/the-gue-pre-dive-sequence/
        
             | random5634 wrote:
             | Plenty of resorts and other destinations offer resort and
             | discovery diving. You do need be 10 years old, but no prior
             | experience needed, after some basics some places let you do
             | 1-2 open water dives in the same day! All equip is
             | provided. You really DO NOT configure any of your stuff on
             | these dives (you do get comfortable breathing underwater).
             | It's a scuba dive "experience".
             | 
             | Unless you are a diver please don't comment with this type
             | of snark - seriously.
             | 
             | " Discover Scuba Diving is a quick and easy introduction to
             | what it takes to explore the underwater world. To sign up
             | for a PADI Discover Scuba Diving experience, you must be at
             | least 10 years old. No prior experience with scuba diving
             | is necessary, but you need to be in reasonable physical
             | health. Are you ready to try it out? "
        
               | ddls wrote:
               | What instructors and dive-masters actually do (or should
               | / are trained to do) for those dives is hold onto the
               | first stage regulator at the top of the tank for the
               | entire duration of the dive and never pass 12 meters. The
               | diver never even needs to worry about buoyancy. We use to
               | call them Lipton (tea) dives, because it was just dipping
               | tourists into the water ;) They are absolutely 100% safe
               | when done according to the requirements.
        
               | random5634 wrote:
               | 12 meters would have been "deep" where I was :)
               | 
               | I called them "disco" dives. Dive down a bit, show them
               | some lights and some fish turn around a few times and
               | back up. A play on the discovery label.
               | 
               | But yeah, the grumpy "master" divers will be yelling at
               | you from shore about the whole thing!
               | 
               | Def want 100% contact from start to finish, and if you
               | keep dive to 8-10 meters or less (hard bottom) helps.
               | Just throw some statues / structures down there to look
               | at.
               | 
               | Things to watch for. Folks who can't equalize - just come
               | up or do a super shallow route if you can. And def need
               | to make sure folks can breathe comfortably underwater
               | (shallow water / cow pen). Also doesn't need to be long,
               | it's about the experience. Some idiots take advantage of
               | the depth to extend time which is silly.
               | 
               | Another labor was resort dive, but wasn't sure what
               | differences / similarities were between all these
               | experiences.
        
               | Starwatcher2001 wrote:
               | "Unless you are a diver please don't comment with this
               | type of snark - seriously."
               | 
               | PADI Advanced, deep, nitrox, 100+ dives mostly in the
               | cold waters of the North Sea.
               | 
               | Edited: added context
        
               | ChrisBland wrote:
               | Resort Diving is mostly safe, the dive profile helps keep
               | you safe. At 30ft, a lot less can go wrong. You can
               | easily survive a rapid ascent from 30ft, heck you likely
               | don't need to actively blow bubbles unless you took a
               | huge breath or are ascending super fast. OP who hasn't
               | dove in a while shouldn't make their first dive on
               | vacation a 120ft bottom. They will likely not remember
               | how to breath, how to swim and will consume too much air
               | and blow the dive for everyone. I refuse to dive with
               | strangers on dive boats, I have never once had a dive
               | buddy physically verify my secondary and some of them get
               | weird when I ask them to verify their primary and
               | secondary with me. The 'I know' eye rolls when i show
               | them where my weight release is, where things are on my
               | BC. Honestly thats what pushed me in to technical diving,
               | everyone takes it serious. If we do our math wrong and
               | the drop tanks aren't sufficient or if the trimix was off
               | we were all dead. When we did cave dives, knowing each
               | exit, knowing the routes we were going to navigate.
               | Rehearsing the transitions between lines. Even with the
               | best planning, things go wrong. Read up on the Diepolder
               | II and III caves - scary stuff
        
           | mxcrossb wrote:
           | How many of those tourists will die as a result of this? The
           | data seems to suggest it's vanishingly small.
        
             | spaetzleesser wrote:
             | I don't know the stats but from what I read a lot of
             | accidents are not tourists but more serious divers who go
             | below 20-30 meters. I haven't heard about people getting
             | injured while on regular tourist dives.
             | 
             | Same with motorcycle riding or paragliding: it gets
             | dangerous once you are beyond the beginner stage.
             | 
             | I really don't know what could go wrong on the typical
             | tourist dive if the dive master keeps an eye on people and
             | you don't panic.
        
               | acjohnson55 wrote:
               | That tracks with what I've heard, anecdotally. Accidents
               | happen when people plan their own dives, go alone, push
               | too far out of their comfort zone, or dive in conditions
               | they aren't prepared for. These things are risk and
               | consequence multipliers.
        
             | dhimes wrote:
             | Exactly. Yes, cave diving is extremely dangerous. Deep
             | diving also is dangerous. But there are dives, amazingly
             | beautiful dives, that, while not devoid of risk, are very
             | safe. Simple, shallow dives in the Caribbean, for example,
             | where the benefit of the tank over snorkeling is just that
             | you can stay down longer.
             | 
             | Diving is wonderful. Get certified (but you don't have to
             | be for some dives).
             | 
             | I also sail. Also wonderful. Can be dangerous if you push
             | the edge, but more likely embarrassing if you stay within
             | your limits.
        
         | margalabargala wrote:
         | > I believe that 90% of the industry sees diving akin to a
         | roller coaster ride instead of Skydiving
         | 
         | As a licensed skydiver who got out of the sport partially
         | because I didn't like the culture, I assure you that a huge
         | amount of the skydiving industry also views it like a roller
         | coaster ride.
        
         | PostThisTooFast wrote:
         | I tell people that diving is a bit like flying. You preflight
         | your equipment, use checklists, and monitor your condition at
         | all times. It's equipment-centric, and one of the best things
         | you can do is read accident reports.
         | 
         | In flying, people die when they accidentally fly into
         | instrument conditions. In diving, people die when they jump in
         | without turning on their air.
        
         | lmilcin wrote:
         | Which is to say diving is a sport that _can_ be safe, but only
         | assuming you are actively and honestly engaged in making it
         | safe.
         | 
         | I am not diving but I am sailing and for the most part sailing
         | is a safe sport _assuming_ you are prepped including mental
         | preparation. If you are not, things can get downhill pretty
         | fast.
         | 
         | I consider diving one of the sports where you place yourself in
         | a situation where you are _dead_ by default unless you have
         | paved the way for you to escape. Same is flying, skydiving but
         | so is going into a corner in a car or motorcycle at the max
         | speed you can handle.
        
           | throw1234651234 wrote:
           | Tangential, but driving never quite feels safe if you are
           | pushing the car. At least not without inspecting the entire
           | suspension every month or two. And that's ignoring anything
           | internal, like your clutch fork giving out, or bending a rod,
           | or your inner tie-rods disconnecting, or your brake cable
           | tearing, or...
        
             | lmilcin wrote:
             | If you are pushing the car on a public road it means you
             | have already failed at driving safely.
             | 
             | Driving safely != not cause an accident
             | 
             | Driving safely == not be in an accident
             | 
             | You can be the best driver in the world driving the best
             | car in the world and it doesn't matter, because some idiot
             | will not look in their mirror when changing lanes and
             | suddenly you are in an accident.
             | 
             | To drive safely on a public road means to take care for
             | your abilities and your car but most, most importantly, too
             | give wide berth to other road users and to drive in a way
             | that will minimize the accident if it happens.
             | 
             | Understand everybody makes mistakes. If you aim to drive
             | safely you need to make it _your_ responsibility to drive
             | in a way that will allow yourself and others make mistakes
             | and still not cause an accident. In other words, give
             | margin for error.
             | 
             | Some examples:
             | 
             | -- try to minimize your time in somebody's blind spot.
             | 
             | -- observe traffic behind you, not just in front of you. I
             | have on multiple occasions avoided a car hitting me from
             | behind, twice at a difference of speed that looked like at
             | least 100km/h. Being aware where the cars are gives you
             | ability to act instinctively without hitting somebody.
             | 
             | -- try to maintain slow relative speeds with regards to
             | other road users. For example, never drive fast around cars
             | stuck in traffic.
             | 
             | -- always have a backup plan for every maneuver. For
             | example, do not have fast closing speed to the car in front
             | of you with a plan to change the lane just before you hit
             | it. You need to maintain the ability to break in case the
             | car in front of you suddenly slows down or in case you
             | can't change the lane for whatever reason,
             | 
             | etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | edwardsdl wrote:
       | Narcosis is nothing to trifle with. After a particularly bad
       | experience at 150ft on air, I understand why some agencies
       | advocate for a maximum equivalent narcotic depth* of 100ft.
       | 
       | *For the non-divers out there, it's possible substitute a less
       | narcotic gas - typically helium but not always - for a portion of
       | the narcotic gas in a mixture. Equivalent narcotic depth (END) is
       | a way to equate a mixture's narcotic effect to that of air at a
       | given depth.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | ** 150 ft ~= 45 m; 100 ft ~= 30 m (for the other non-Imperials
         | out here ;) )
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Military and commercial divers have done some experiments with
         | hydrogen to reduce narcosis without using helium. But the fire
         | risk makes it way too dangerous for civilian sport diving.
         | 
         | Neon might also reduce narcosis but it's more expensive and the
         | work of breathing is higher.
        
         | diveanon wrote:
         | Once you start getting to technical depths you operate under
         | the assumption that you are alone, even when diving with a
         | buddy.
         | 
         | I know some french federation divers who will tape their hands
         | to their hand power inflator to avoid confusion when experience
         | narcosis at depth.
         | 
         | At first I thought it was a goofy idea, but after experiencing
         | debilitating narcosis at 60m I had second thoughts about it.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | No you really don't. I do a lot of technical diving and
           | depend on my buddies for safety. The key is to select
           | reliable buddies who have been properly trained.
           | 
           | And taping your hand to your power inflator is just too
           | stupid for words. Put some helium in the mix.
        
       | ddls wrote:
       | I'm an experienced diver (PADI dive-master, ACUC instructor,
       | IANTD gas-blender and normoxic trimix diver, TDI hypoxic trimix
       | diver and dive-master) with several thousands of dives of which
       | many at 100m+ (330 feet) depths. I lived in Dahab where for 16
       | months I assisted training technical diving instructors in the
       | blue hole and at other less touristy dive sites around there. The
       | blue hole is in not a particularly dangerous dive site, but its
       | popularity attracts the most cocksure types trying to prove
       | something. The main attraction at the blue hole is the arch. It's
       | a 40 meter archway who's apex is at 56 meters and leads from the
       | cylindrical blue hole out into "the blue", where depths are
       | insane and theres nothing but water anywhere you look. It's very
       | beautiful, especially while the sun is rising, as it faces East.
       | 56 meters is not particularly deep, but it's deep enough for any
       | beginner and even most advanced divers to get seriously narced
       | (drunk on nitrogen). It's also _just about_ deep enough for the
       | partial pressure of oxygen to reach a critical point where oxygen
       | becomes toxic. When it does, your muscles try to burn off the
       | excess oxygen and you temporarily lose control of them, they
       | shake, so your chin and cheeks start to twitch and you can easily
       | drop your regulator. When the twitching is over, you
       | involuntarily take a deep breath...
       | 
       | If you're an experienced diver, know your narcosis limits, know
       | your oxygen toxicity limits, know your air consumption, havn't
       | had a drink the night before, and are physically fit, maybe you
       | can pull it off without trimix. Otherwise, it's an absolute
       | beginner's dive with the right gas blend.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Apofis wrote:
         | Question: Why are divers injecting this trimix?
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | Trimix is a different breathing gas mixture with added
           | helium, to avoid the mentioned problems with too much
           | nitrogen and too much oxygen.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ghostpepper wrote:
         | There's a short documentary about it on youtube where (IIRC)
         | they claim most of the fatalities are people who try to swim
         | through the arch on a single standard aluminum 80 tank.
        
       | ketamine__ wrote:
       | Site blocks Brave.
        
       | diveanon wrote:
       | This site is notorious in the professional diving community.
       | 
       | There is nothing particularly dangerous about it except the huge
       | numbers of greedy dive centers who take inexperienced divers
       | there.
       | 
       | To all novice divers reading this, dive within your limits and
       | you have nothing to worry about. Do not listen to dive
       | guides/instructors who encourage you to dive deeper than you are
       | certified or in wrecks / caves without the proper training.
       | 
       | Diving is a calculated risk like most extreme "sports", and when
       | you ignore those risks you endanger yourself and anyone else
       | diving with you.
       | 
       | Don't expect your guide to care more about your life than you do.
        
       | perilunar wrote:
       | Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Hole_(Red_Sea)
       | 
       | Map:
       | https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Blue+Hole/@28.5722712,3...
        
         | brazzy wrote:
         | Here's some good diagrams that show the shape of the hole:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20080321024116/http://www.blueho...
        
           | twic wrote:
           | Those diagrams are very helpful, thanks. This drawing also
           | helped me understand it:
           | 
           | http://maltatechnicaldiving.blogspot.com/2009/07/dive-
           | site-o...
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Sigh...the wikipedia article has a picture of various memorials
         | family members of deceased divers built at the Blue Hole. The
         | most prominent one reads "Don't let fear stand in the way of
         | your dreams"...isn't that exactly the wrong message? The guy
         | whose quote that is died when he was 23 years old.
         | 
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Blue_hol...
        
       | kubanczyk wrote:
       | https://archive.is/20210427092706/https://www.spiegel.de/int...
        
       | dmingod666 wrote:
       | This documentary investigates specifically why the people are
       | dying there. Very well made.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/hYuMN206Jzo
        
       | the_dripper wrote:
       | I found this terrifying, but incredibly captivating!
        
       | dTal wrote:
       | Idle speculation, perhaps a diver could answer - could it be that
       | the reef forms a kind of natural solar pond, leading to an
       | unusual osmotic (and therefore density) gradient? Thus resulting
       | in divers suddenly dropping like a stone when they hit a certain
       | depth? The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the
       | world.
        
         | netflixandkill wrote:
         | More likely that the target depth is down near 50m, which is
         | well into the narcosis range for surface gas mixes.
         | Particularly for inexperienced divers it is very easy to not
         | realize what is happening and become too stupid to save
         | yourself.
         | 
         | Higher salinity may exacerbate that but not by too much.
        
           | bonzini wrote:
           | > become too stupid to save yourself.
           | 
           | You probably weren't too smart to begin with to go to 50m on
           | compressed air, and without a seafloor at that.
        
             | netflixandkill wrote:
             | I haven't been to the blue hole, but I can easily see
             | nonchalant guides leading people to ignore any misgivings
             | they had from what little training they may have had years
             | ago.
        
         | oggeline wrote:
         | All your buoyancy comes from non rigid devices (vest, suit). As
         | you go deeper those devices compress and you lose buoyancy
         | causing a feedback loop. Compounded with loss of vertical
         | references, you can quickly sink to the depth where the air you
         | breathe will become toxic. At that point you don't have the
         | mental capacity to save yourself.
        
         | manarth wrote:
         | As a diver descends, they have to add air to their BCD
         | (Buoyancy Control Device) to maintain neutral buoyancy (and
         | release air when they ascend).
         | 
         | Without that compensation step, as a diver descends their
         | buoyancy becomes increasingly negative.
         | 
         | Add a level of narcosis for descending below 40m, mix in some
         | excitement/stress, and some equipment configuration issues
         | (e.g. too much weight), and the task-loading can cause some
         | people to forget/skip routine techniques such as adding air to
         | maintain neutral buoyancy.
        
       | m1keil wrote:
       | Here's a good look of the famous arch crossed by a freediver:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrXQbucZUDA
       | 
       | A real shame that this diving site is known for all of these
       | avoidable deaths.
        
       | forcer wrote:
       | I have been to that site twice , first time about 20 years ago as
       | part of the diving course. I remember one of the exercises was to
       | go to higher depth and do math exercises to prove that our
       | thinking was not impaired due to the depth.
       | 
       | For sure that site was not branded as deadliest in the world, but
       | already back then dive masters told us about people who lost
       | their lives there.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | We have something like that, off the coast of Long Island. It's
       | the wreck of the _San Diego_ ; a WWI battleship that sank at the
       | close of the war.
       | 
       | It's upside-down, with a hole in the hull, and rests in about 40
       | meters of water (120 feet or so).
       | 
       | What makes it dangerous, is that it's filled with silt, and it
       | only takes an errant kick of the flipper to fill a room with
       | zero-visibility mud.
       | 
       | People panic, and panic at 120 feet means the oxygen goes fast.
       | 
       | They nickname it "The wreck that eats divers."
       | 
       | https://www.history.navy.mil/research/underwater-archaeology...
        
         | diveanon wrote:
         | Entering a wreck at 40m without a guide line is asking to die.
         | 
         | I have over 10k dives and the closest I came to death was when
         | I was guiding on the liberty wreck in bali when a small
         | earthquake shook the wreck, I was barely 3 meter into the wreck
         | that I had dived hundreds of times and couldn't find my way
         | out. Fortunately my buddy was outside the wreck at the time and
         | used his banger to guide me out.
         | 
         | Point is, shit happens, so you better plan for it.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Mad respect. I don't dive, anymore, but I think I only had
           | about 30 or so in my log book.
           | 
           | What compounds it, is that we have an environment of "Macho
           | Knuckleheads" around here. They will do things like dive the
           | SD alone, and skip the decomp.
        
           | kubanczyk wrote:
           | > 10k
           | 
           | Gulp... That puts it in perspective. It's exceptional to dive
           | a hundred times on a wreck in Bali and write about it on HN -
           | and do both in the same live. Respect!
        
         | minsc__and__boo wrote:
         | Have they installed ropes in the wreck or anything like that?
        
       | thathndude wrote:
       | What a great story teller! I can't put my finger on it, but the
       | cadence and length was just spot on.
        
       | achow wrote:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYuMN206Jzo
       | 
       | Interview with Tarek Omar (the diver rescuer in the article) and
       | location shot. Much better than reading the article.
        
         | lobstrosity420 wrote:
         | Thanks for the link, but I much prefer the article to those
         | American style documentaries, with the scary sound effects and
         | endless repetition to build "suspense". Interview is at the
         | 8:50 mark for those curious.
        
         | threatripper wrote:
         | Go to 30:00 and just look at it. It's literally luring people
         | in.
        
           | iJohnDoe wrote:
           | Thanks, very helpful.
        
         | Aromasin wrote:
         | The interview section is quite short; much shorter than that in
         | the article. The documentary is fascinating regardless however.
        
         | iJohnDoe wrote:
         | Wow, just watching it gives me anxiety. Makes perfect sense
         | what is happening and why divers can easily die there.
         | 
         | Thanks for the link.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | The article was fantastic. It brought everything to life in a
         | way video essays can't.
         | 
         | Video crushes your imagination. It's factual, and leaves little
         | mystery. Well-written narratives are full sensory waking dreams
         | that you populate with sights and sounds, something you can
         | inhabit.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | How did you read it? It asked me for a subscription or an
           | account or something. Instaclose.
           | 
           | Subject seemed interesting enough that I came to the comments
           | to get alternative links, which have been provided, thank you
           | posters.
        
             | ce4 wrote:
             | It just asked to choose between adsupported and
             | subscription model. You can switch off js if you dont want
             | to see it.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | I don't try to bypass walls. If they don't want my
               | eyeballs I won't bother them.
               | 
               | Ofc, I suppose Germans who actually read it for the local
               | info could be a lot more interested than me.
        
         | epaga wrote:
         | Though I'm sure it's a fascinating interview, I thought the
         | article was really well-written and helpful. I really enjoyed
         | the pace of it all.
        
           | chha wrote:
           | You might also like this story about a dive in Boesmansgat:
           | Raising the Dead[0]
           | 
           | [0] - https://www.outsideonline.com/1922711/raising-dead
        
             | t0mas88 wrote:
             | Thanks for sharing, it's a long read but very well written
             | and worth the time.
        
         | smnscu wrote:
         | Also this -- professional diver discussing the video recorded
         | by someone who dove there unprepared and died
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv4aK2O1X_M
        
       | gonzo41 wrote:
       | That was a sad read. Essentially the hole in the earth version of
       | mount Everest.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Lots of things are dangerous. Motorcyclists I know each have a
       | row of busted helmets in a closet. Ski long enough and you'll
       | break something. Bicyclists die on the road every day (in
       | America) and few give it a second thought.
       | 
       | I wonder how diving compares to other off-track sporting
       | activities. Does it have a worse record?
        
         | MarkMarine wrote:
         | I don't know stats, but checking out the passings section of
         | scuba board does indicate it's a fair number of people. The
         | thing that is different about diving from bicycling or skiing
         | is you really don't need to be physically fit to dive. It's
         | relaxing and easy, people dive into their 70s and 80s so there
         | are a lot of heart attacks of older people that get chocked up
         | to diving and may just be natural causes.
        
       | dtrain2017 wrote:
       | I did my first dives in Dahab, Egypt including at the Blue Hole.
       | This location was my first experience with narcosis; but, it was
       | planned. Myself, my father, and our instructor dove down to 45m
       | and he handed me a whiteboard to write on. He asked me very basic
       | questions like how to spell your name and I remember really
       | having to think hard to answer.
       | 
       | In general, if you are diving to see fish, it's rare to go past
       | 20-30m (the minimum depth to exp. narcosis). The visibility is
       | worse the deeper you go and typically if there is a reef at 30m
       | there is also one at 15m where your oxygen will last longer, less
       | cold, etc...
       | 
       | I don't think diving needs to be dangerous to be enjoyed. It's
       | about seeing an entirely new world and the moving in the medium
       | of water. The people who've perished at the Blue Hole are taking
       | an extraordinary amount of risk - diving solo, descending to 150m
       | - for 'achievement' purposes and I understand Omar's frustration.
        
       | acjohnson55 wrote:
       | I've dived the Sinai's Blue Hole, so it's wild to see this on HN.
       | 
       | It was an intense experience. Our dive instructors warned us of
       | how deadly the site was, and the various hazards. But the dive
       | itself was unique compared to other deep dives I've done.
       | 
       | I would describe it like parachuting, slow motion, into the
       | bluest blue. By the second, the sunlight got dimmer and the blue
       | got bluer. It was disorienting if you looked in any direction
       | besides the crater wall. At about 25m down, I looked _up_ and
       | realized we were too deep to reach the surface quickly.
       | 
       | That triggered my panic reaction. I started hyperventilating into
       | my regulator, and had the urge to spit it out. But knowing that
       | would be literal suicide, I managed to override it.
       | 
       | I felt like given a few minutes, there was a strong chance of
       | getting my panic under control, but I thought, "why take the
       | chance?" Also, the dive plan was to continue to go deeper, and if
       | part of my panic was due to nitrogen narcosis, it was only going
       | to get worse. It wasn't worth it for a recreational dive.
       | 
       | So I gestured the "up" signal to one of the instructors, and she
       | immediately worked with me to do a controlled ascent. I spent the
       | rest of the time doing a shallow dive along the crater wall,
       | which was much more relaxing.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | The website has an interesting line of code:
       | 
       | > return console.log("Messaging without detection successfully
       | executed.")
        
         | nieve wrote:
         | For predictable irony points that's coming from a component
         | provided by SourcePoint who claim to be a "privacy compliance
         | platform for digital marketing, with the tools to protect
         | consumer privacy, manage compliance, and optimize revenue."
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | kubanczyk wrote:
       | In truth, diving done right is procedures, procedures,
       | procedures. That's why many novices _and_ professionals suck at
       | it. It needs boring personalities, or these that can handle
       | boredom. I don 't have to remember about the danger, I don't even
       | have to respect the danger: if I actually go through all the
       | steps and all the procedures, the risk is minimal.
       | 
       | "If there was zero adrenaline, it was a dive done properly."
       | 
       | I've once taken an intro flight on a light aircraft. After I
       | observed my instructor doing all his pre-flight procedures, I
       | reflected "umm, you know, it's actually much less than I do for a
       | simple dive." He thought for a moment, but found an interesting
       | reply: "I'm not an expert, but I think, if we take a number of
       | dives or flights, we have more diving-related deaths than light-
       | aircraft-related." (He was talking about Poland though - i.e.
       | cold water dives.)
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | As long as you're not flying an experimental aircraft, general
         | aviation is naturally safer than diving. Since GA planes are
         | aerodynamically stable and can glide, pilots (usually) have a
         | lot more time to calm down and think through their options
         | before the situation becomes really dangerous. Most emergencies
         | can be resolved by identifying a flat field or calling an
         | emergency at the nearest airport (which the FAA is encouraging
         | pilots to do _more_ often). Not to mention, getting a pilots
         | license is about 10 hours of  "how to fly a plane" and 30+
         | hours of "how to deal with emergencies" including the
         | instructor cutting off engine power mid flight. There's a
         | procedure for just about every situation and the most important
         | ones are practically muscle memory by the time one receives a
         | pilots license.
        
       | Saig6 wrote:
       | A dive instructor I meet in Thailand in told me about this
       | location. According to him it was common to be too narced
       | (nitrogen narcosis) to make rational decisions when going under
       | the arch at 52m, leading to fatal mistakes (like going even
       | deeper).
        
       | sharadov wrote:
       | What a noble soul.. "He brings up the bodies because he wants to
       | help, says Omar. "It isn't about money for me. I don't ask for
       | anything. I just charge the cost of the gas."
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | (2012)
       | 
       | argh
        
       | stevespang wrote:
       | I dive for a living, servicing pumps on the bottom of the lake
       | often in black water, no vis in black water, lights are typically
       | useless as the particles in the water reflect back, like a dense
       | fog, I always dive alone. Have dived the Blue Hole in Belize,
       | which the dive masters only allow descent to 140 feet max. I find
       | it interesting that so many Russians are high risk takers who
       | meet their end in the article.
        
       | agent008t wrote:
       | Diving seems like one of the recreational activities where it is
       | easy to end up doing something much riskier than you intended
       | (another I'd say is alpine hiking):
       | 
       | 1. Being able to easily sign up for a dive at an all-inclusive
       | resort makes it seem more 'fine', you get a false sense of
       | security that you will be taken care of.
       | 
       | 2. Dive shops tend to be fairly relaxed with checking if someone
       | is properly qualified to go on a particular dive. They barely
       | check your papers or equipment, if at all.
       | 
       | 3. You often don't really know what exactly you are getting into
       | until you are in the middle of it. And then it can be too late to
       | bail. Is it safer to abandon a group and attempt to go back and
       | potentially get lost, or go into an environment that looks more
       | dangerous than you expected?
       | 
       | I am a PADI open water diver, but only dive a few times a year,
       | so not too experienced. One time I signed up for a shipwreck dive
       | at an all-inclusive resort. I am usually quite careful, and
       | naively thought it would be fine - we just dive down, go around
       | the wreck and come back up. I rented all equipment, and had to
       | pay extra for a wetsuit - the 'default' was to just go in my
       | swimming trunks. Turned out, on the dive we ended up going inside
       | the wreck through a very narrow passage under it, going through
       | narrow dark corridors surrounded by rusted metal. Touch anything
       | and you get scratched (which I did). Your cables or tank can
       | easily get caught (which it briefly did for me - and since I was
       | the last one in the group it was quite scary seeing the group
       | getting away from me as I tried to catch up). The current around
       | the wreck was quite strong.
       | 
       | Somehow the dive was planned such that there was very little
       | allowance for extra air. I ended up using more air than I suppose
       | was normal, and there would not have been enough to make a normal
       | ascent. I ended up having to use the dive instructor's alt supply
       | for some of the return swim and switch to my own for the safety
       | stop, otherwise I would've run out. It is one thing to practice
       | it, and another to actually have to do it on what was supposed to
       | be a relaxing 'touristy' dive.
       | 
       | On another occasion, a dive instructor took me and my partner
       | (who was on an introductory dive - she doesn't have a license)
       | into a cave, which is also more dangerous than I would've
       | preferred.
       | 
       | These experiences - combined with the general experience of
       | wasting the whole day on a rocky boat breathing diesel fumes for
       | an hour or so of diving - make me reluctant to dive again, unless
       | the sight is particularly picturesque.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | At least at my local NAUI dive shop, PADI is generally
         | considered to play too fast and loose with the rules.
         | Especially with new and untrained divers. The joke is PADI
         | stands for "Put Another Dollar In"
         | 
         | Not that I'll never go with a PADI dive, especially if it's the
         | only game in town where I'm visiting. But I generally bias
         | towards NAUI, and would highly suggest anyone new go with a
         | NAUI cert.
        
           | kubanczyk wrote:
           | In Europe it's a very similar story, CMAS vs PADI.
        
         | nix23 wrote:
         | >Diving seems like one of the recreational activities where it
         | is easy to end up doing something much riskier than you
         | intended (another I'd say is alpine hiking)
         | 
         | You are absolutely correct, in mountaineering risk-management
         | you have two risks an objective an subjective.
         | 
         | If you do hiking, the objective risk is low (hey i am just
         | wandering), but the subjective is often much higher then one
         | thinks (falling rocks, rapid weather change, out of water,
         | break you angle, no way to call emergency, aggressive mother-
         | cows etc.).
         | 
         | If you plan to climb a Wall the objective risk is obvious (you
         | can fall down, rocks break out and hit you etc), and because of
         | that you are already aware of those risks, the chance that you
         | calculated the subjective risks in too, is much bigger.
        
         | ArtWomb wrote:
         | Am certain if you ask 100 beginner divers, 99 will have their
         | own brush with death adventures!
         | 
         | Mine came in the form of a six foot barracuda getting a bit too
         | close for comfort. I am sure if I hadn't played it cool. Had
         | somehow attacked or acted aggressively to shush it away (when I
         | was a guest in it's deep sea domain). It would have enjoyed a
         | nice lunch of fresh human flesh.
         | 
         | The second was going below the hard deck at 300 feet whilst
         | diving the continental shelf in the Caribbean. It's stunning.
         | Floating weightlessly over the void that drops suddenly over a
         | mile in depth. Feeling the rush of frigid current rise from the
         | abyss. And seeing mysterious shapes as light filters down into
         | darkness. But I too ran low on air. And had to come up fast.
         | 
         | I haven't been diving in decades. And would require re-
         | certification. But I've always heard legendary tales of the Red
         | Sea and Australia's Coral Reef. Definite bucket list items ;)
         | 
         | https://oceana.org/
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Barracudas really aren't dangerous to divers. There are a few
           | recorded cases of bites but I don't think anyone has been
           | killed.
        
             | mythrwy wrote:
             | I've read they sometimes bite because of flashing jewelry
             | which they mistake for shiny small fish.
        
               | Cd00d wrote:
               | When on a snorkel trip in the Florida Keys I was told not
               | to point at the barracuda, because tourist often fed them
               | hotdogs to get a close up look, and so they were trained
               | to eat anything hotdog shaped... no idea if it was true.
        
           | golemiprague wrote:
           | You can see the coral reef in Eilat (Israel) without really
           | diving since it is in shallow water, not sure if it is as
           | good as in Egypt but at least there is a decent hospital near
           | by if something goes wrong.
        
           | ghostpepper wrote:
           | I'm very curious what gas blend were you using at 300 ft -
           | I'm fairly sure that would be fatal on air or even nitrox.
           | 
           | I'm also shocked that you could come up from that depth with
           | any sort of urgency and not be seriously injured / killed by
           | some form of DCS.
           | 
           | Maybe I misunderstood and you were not a beginner, because
           | otherwise that tour operator has no business running a dive
           | op.
        
             | lbrindze wrote:
             | Nitrox is 100% fatal at depths beyond prescribed limit. The
             | whole point of Nitrox is to increases the oxygen content in
             | the gas to minimize nitrogen absorption. A side effect of
             | this is that you will get to hyperoxic poisoning thresholds
             | earlier on a deeper dive profile. This is why Nitrox
             | requires additional certifications, to help understand
             | these limitations and learn how to calculate your max
             | operating depth. (when using nitrox wihtin these thresholds
             | I find I have more energy at the end of my dive).
             | 
             | To go deeper you need to blend in inert gasses and decrease
             | o2 and n2 to keep partial pressures below fatal doses. This
             | means most commonly mixing in Helium to cut down on over o2
             | and n2 in your gas mix. Human tissue I guess doesn't absorb
             | helium the same way it does n2.
             | 
             | Source: Open Water Scuba Instructor with multiple
             | agencies... I havent taught in about 5 years though so some
             | of this information may have changed, especially in light
             | that global helium shortages (or US stock piles?) may have
             | driven the price of He up to high to be used for mixed gas
             | diving.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | We still use helium for mixed gas diving but it is more
               | expensive now. Human tissue does absorb helium in much
               | the same way as nitrogen (or any other inert gas). The
               | rate of diffusion is a little different which can impact
               | the decompression profile.
        
           | rdl wrote:
           | I've done a few hundred dives (so, intermediate? with some
           | additional certifications for deep/nitrox/rescue/divemaster)
           | and the biggest problems I've had were 1) dropping a steel
           | cylinder on my toe on a boat 2) getting sunburned on my scalp
           | before I started wearing a hood even in warm water, due to an
           | extended surface interval 3) dodgy food on a liveaboard.
           | 
           | I don't think most recreational divers push things close to
           | the line at all.
        
           | austhrow743 wrote:
           | If the Great Barrier Reef is on your bucket list then you
           | really want to get on that asap. It's getting more and more
           | bleached.
        
             | PostThisTooFast wrote:
             | Yep. Sadly, I'd say that even now you might want to spend
             | your travel dollars elsewhere.
        
           | maratc wrote:
           | I'm no marine biologist but you can be certain that humans
           | are not a regular diet of barracudas.
           | 
           | Once, a 5-meter tiger shark came to me out of the blue and
           | got too close, but as humans aren't a regular diet of tiger
           | sharks either, it swam away.
        
             | JPKab wrote:
             | I've met literally dozens of people who talk about their
             | close brush with a barracuda while diving.
             | 
             | They are a minimal threat but they look kind of scary so
             | people always always think that they had a close call with
             | one when the barracuda is just doing what they do which is
             | checking out a human who might hand them a fish.
             | 
             | It always makes me chuckle because I hear people tell their
             | barracudas stories and they always sound the exact same. At
             | no point were they in any danger but they really think they
             | were.
        
               | dhimes wrote:
               | Barracudas can freak you out because they seem to be
               | curious. They just hang out and watch you. The only time
               | I've heard of someone getting bitten was on a YouTube
               | sailing channel where the group was making fun of one of
               | the crew for being the only known human to actually be
               | bit by a barracuda. IIRC he was messing with it.
               | 
               | Jelly fish, OTOH, suck.
        
               | joering2 wrote:
               | Just like masses being overscared with sharks because of
               | Jaws, its probably because another but much less popular
               | movie "The Depth [1977]" with Nick Noltie where in a
               | final scene Noltie wins underwater battle because he
               | knows where huge Murena lives and put a villain head in
               | there. Then we see that Murena litterally sicking him
               | into her hole with a force that break his mask and break
               | him in half. Definitely one of the most memorable scenes
               | of the movie and definitely what made me start my doving
               | adventure (now cerified with CMAS and PAID up to deep
               | dive / rescue diver). Definitiely movie worth rewatching.
        
         | Nursie wrote:
         | > Dive shops tend to be fairly relaxed with checking if someone
         | is properly qualified to go on a particular dive. They barely
         | check your papers or equipment, if at all.
         | 
         | I find this is very destination dependent.
         | 
         | I did some Cenotes dives in Mexico that I was seriously
         | underqualified for, and some deeper wreck dives in the
         | Carribean too.
         | 
         | OTOH in Australia everything was very much by the book. The new
         | book, even (when I qualified for PADI Open Water in the early
         | 90s we did deep-diving as part of the training, and were
         | qualified up to 30m, but sometime in the 00s AFAICT things
         | changed and O/W people are these days confined to 18m or less.)
         | 
         | Which reminds me, I must get my 'advanced' at some point soon.
         | I did a deep-dive specialty a while back so that I could do
         | some more interesting reef dives at the great barrier reef, and
         | an enriched air qualification as well, but not the advanced
         | O/W.
         | 
         | One day, after many years, I may even have the qualifications
         | to do those dives I did many years ago... Thankfully I was
         | young and stupid enough to just go with it and enjoy it at the
         | time.
        
         | kh_hk wrote:
         | If the dive is appropriate for your cert, responsibility falls
         | down to yourself and your buddy if he has a higher cert. If the
         | dive is not within your cert. level, responsibility goes to the
         | instructor (if he went with you) or the sailor that drove you.
         | When in doubt, check local law. That's for negligence. Then
         | it's up to your insurance to fight / cover for damages.
         | 
         | Always dive within your limits, and if interested find a local
         | club. To me, dive turism is something that can only be truly
         | enjoyed after reaching a certain dive level. It's no fun to see
         | turtles or sharks if your whole focus is still on being neutral
         | buoyant or checking your air supply.
         | 
         | As you say, diving is like hiking. I love hiking, but I know my
         | limits and will not attempt a K7 or travel with a specific hike
         | in mind. I like walking a trail, seeing birds and views and
         | nature. Same applies underwater! The red sea is amazing, but so
         | can be your nearest dive site.
         | 
         | If truly afraid / curious about things that go awry, "Diver
         | down" is a nice intro
        
         | amerkhalid wrote:
         | I am risk averse, first time I dived it was exactly because how
         | nonchalant way it was advertised. It was an intro to diving
         | course, so it didn't require any class work. We went straight
         | in the boat, instructor gave basic instructions as we were
         | boating to dive site. Because how it was presented I also
         | didn't realize how dangerous it is. Only thing they emphasized
         | was to not fly for next 24 hours. Had I knew the real dangers
         | when diving, I probably would have skipped it.
         | 
         | Not saying that it is the right way but dive shops would have a
         | lot fewer customers if they really emphasized the dangers.
         | 
         | Also diving is one of the best the best experiences of my life.
         | It really feels like being in another world. It is extremely
         | peaceful and meditative. You should try at least once.
        
         | amerkhalid wrote:
         | > These experiences - combined with the general experience of
         | wasting the whole day on a rocky boat breathing diesel fumes
         | for an hour or so of diving - make me reluctant to dive again,
         | unless the sight is particularly picturesque.
         | 
         | In my other comment, I recommended that everyone try Scuba
         | diving at least once, cannot edit it now but there is another
         | option, free diving. Most of the reefs and fishes are around
         | 30-40 feet depth. With free diving, you can experience beauty
         | of seas without carrying heavy equipment, worrying about
         | equipment failure, ascending too fast, etc.
         | 
         | I have also because of similar reasons, moved my focus on free
         | diving. There is less overall risk in my opinion, as long as
         | you are not pushing your limits.
        
         | 101008 wrote:
         | I just got anxiety reading your story. Then diving it's a no
         | for me for the rest of my life :D
        
           | agent008t wrote:
           | Sorry if it put you off! For balance, diving can also be a
           | very magical and surprisingly calm/zen-like experience. The
           | best diving experiences I have had were in fairly shallow
           | warm water (10-12m?) with great visibility. It is amazing
           | seeing see-turtles, schools of fish, corals. It is like
           | visiting a completely different world!
           | 
           | Basically, as long as you dive in much better conditions than
           | what you trained/qualified for, you will have a great time.
           | Well worth doing.
           | 
           | I just wish more dive shops were on the more conservative
           | side. And that they had better boats with less fumes and less
           | waiting around!
        
             | 101008 wrote:
             | I totally believe you, that diving in shallow water must be
             | amazing and not that dangerous, but now I am scared that
             | some teacher may start there and then "obligate" you to go
             | deeper! "Just a few more meters, everything will be fine"
             | :)
             | 
             | Thanks anyway for worrying about me, ha!
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | Every dive is briefed on the boat. These days they will
               | also have a website explaining the dives, the required
               | certifications and maximum depth reached.
               | 
               | "A few meters more" is not dangerous per se unless you go
               | below 24 meters (80 ft), but I agree it would be very bad
               | to do that without the divemaster telling you before and
               | also without him/her being a certified instructor.
        
           | marvin wrote:
           | I've found diving to be the least demanding "action sport"
           | activities that I've tried, and I've done a fair bit of
           | climbing, diving and flying gliders. Careful and well trained
           | open water diving leaves you with plenty of safety margins in
           | all directions. There's (well, almost) no single thing you
           | can really screw up that would be deadly.
           | 
           | But of course, if the whole idea of something going wrong
           | will leave you lying awake the night before, it's probably
           | not worth it :)
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | I'm on a similar level of experience as you. I've dived a bit
         | below the depth I'm officially cleared for, and through short
         | tunnels. Both felt fine and responsible. But going into a rusty
         | wreck with insufficient air and strong current is insane. I
         | hope you wrote a review to warn others.
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | Going to the red sea I had a similar experience with the guide
         | ending up going inside a wreck with a group where many just had
         | the continuation course after open water, through no out-of-gas
         | situation.
         | 
         | It is a common discussion topic I hear among divers, and almost
         | everyone who been diving for a while has had a similar
         | experience. Dive guides get basically all of their income from
         | tip, and it creates a strong incentive for them to bring guests
         | into areas which the guest might not be qualified to be in.
         | Same for instructors at popular resorts.
         | 
         | To me the whole experience was a major incentive to get better
         | training and gear so that next time I won't be under qualified
         | to do the dive, and the more training and equipment I get the
         | more I realize how dangerous diving can be and how little
         | redundancy recreational diving have. The basic premise for open
         | water dive is that you should be able to rocket to the surface
         | at any point, and that there is a second diver next to you at
         | all time. Being the last person inside a wreck is neither of
         | that.
         | 
         | But I will end this comment by saying that one should not let
         | guides ruin ones enjoyment of diving. There is a lot of great
         | diving to be done within the limits of recreational diving.
        
         | nspattak wrote:
         | Not a diver myself but my best friend is (he is also an
         | instructor as well as cave/shipwreck diver and he has also
         | worked for a dive center with a lot of tourists). I remember
         | him telling me that diving in shipwrecks(or caves) requires
         | additional certification, so I assume that those who have only
         | the first/second star were not allowed to join (especially in a
         | trip by an all-inclusive resort).
         | 
         | What you describe sounds like a _terrible_ and _irresponsible_
         | trip to me.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | > What you describe sounds like a terrible and irresponsible
           | trip to me.
           | 
           | That is typical of tours and resorts. These are not in the US
           | where the law might investigate. Just some divers who will
           | show anyone around. Many will teach you to dive, a two hour
           | course is enough for a simple dive (ie.something you could
           | snorkel to), then they take you on a first dive that needs
           | far more training.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | In the US there typically won't be a legal investigation
             | unless someone suffers a serious injury or death. And even
             | then it will typically be handled as just a civil issue
             | (wrongful death lawsuit and insurance claim).
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Probably, I'm not into diving so I can just report what
               | I've observed from my friends who are. Though insurance
               | in the US tends to be stricter about what they allow.
        
           | meowfly wrote:
           | Both caves and shipwrecks are allowed with Open Water as long
           | as you are within a certain distance from an opening and
           | natural light.
        
             | maratc wrote:
             | Any place with Hard Ceiling (something between you and the
             | surface except water) necessitates specialty training in
             | most dive certification organizations.
             | 
             | The issue that many take with PADI is that their values are
             | mostly aligned with making profits.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | my dad always called it Put Another Dollar In
        
             | kubanczyk wrote:
             | Absolutely not:
             | 
             | > You need to be PADI Advanced Open Water Diver who is at
             | least 18 years old to enroll in the Cavern Diver course.
             | 
             | https://www.padi.com/courses/cavern-diver
        
               | meowfly wrote:
               | Edit: I was wrong with the above statement.
               | 
               | After doing some research around this. Cenotes are an
               | exception to the rule and even though Open Water Divers
               | often do enter inner rooms in wreck dives and caverns
               | what matters is maintaining a direct line of ascent.
               | 
               | ---- Original ----
               | 
               | Open Water can do caverns. Dos Ojos is incredibly popular
               | and has hard ceiling.
               | 
               | Edit: Also Cavern Diver is just a specialty cert and
               | doesn't confer any extra penetration. Those certs are
               | mostly designed for skill mastery. IANTD's Cavern cert is
               | required to get Full Cave, but I don't know if PADI's
               | would count towards it.
               | 
               | https://blog.padi.com/2019/04/29/must-dive-cenotes-for-
               | open-...
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | Did you read your own link?
               | 
               | > certified Open Water Divers can take a cavern tour
               | _guided by professionals qualified by some of the cave
               | diver training organizations to lead such tours_. This is
               | a _highly controlled, limited_ tour _along a line_ into
               | the cavern zone, which is defined as within the natural
               | light zone and within 130 to 200 ft (39-60m) (some minor
               | variations here) of the surface.
        
               | meowfly wrote:
               | Yes, I read my own link. OP was talking about a guided
               | tour.
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | The case in point is what you said: "Both caves and
               | shipwrecks are allowed with Open Water".
               | 
               | As a rule, they absolutely aren't.
               | 
               | In this specific place, PADI allows some of them to make
               | a supervised dive at a certain site following a specially
               | installed line. This doesn't change the rule, which is
               | "Open Water Diver certification does not qualify you to
               | dive on shipwrecks, nor caves".
               | 
               | At some other place, there may be an option for a person
               | with Open Water certificate to _drive a semi-trailer
               | truck_ , while under supervision from a trained
               | professional, and over a course specifically crafted to
               | minimize any possible collision. This doesn't change the
               | rule, which is "Open Water Diver certification does not
               | qualify you to drive semi-trailer trucks."
        
               | meowfly wrote:
               | After looking into this, I'm wrong and I'm going to edit
               | my original comment. My apologies.
               | 
               | Where I'm confused is the difference between a direct
               | line of ascent (even when there is an overhead directly
               | above) versus penetrating beyond that. This is a
               | differentiator that makes swim-throughs OK but most
               | caverns not OK.
               | 
               | Edit: Turns out I can't edit a comment that old.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | Yeah, I'm a beginner diver (< 15 dives) too and I've been a bit
         | horrified just how easy and loose some of the diving centers
         | play with safety and capability checks. Just like you said,
         | most of them don't even check if you passed the shipwreck
         | advanced diving cert.
         | 
         | You're experience matches mine so I'm now extra careful to vet
         | all the diving centers - especially looking for complaints of
         | divemasters being too "hardass" on people and demanding good
         | equipment / qualifications. A lot of other divers are still
         | surprised that my inital diving instructor actually checked if
         | I could do the required 200m swim by demanding that I do it in
         | the pool before starting training.
         | 
         | I've also bought my own equipment because of that - who knows
         | just how well the regulators, dive computers and BCDs are
         | maintained in those places. It's scary enough that you need to
         | trust them with air and tank quality.
        
           | retSava wrote:
           | I took the basic (open water?) license in Australia, and the
           | group were sent into a pool to tread water for 20 minutes or
           | something. Now, I can barely swim. Really poor buoyancy and
           | bad technique I guess, so have never really learned.
           | 
           | If the instructor had looked away from the TV for a second he
           | would've seen and flunked me, which would probably have been
           | a good thing. I'm stupid. Went through with it and out on a
           | couple of dives which I enjoyed greatly, but now ten years
           | later still haven't dived again and won't until I can swim.
           | Having kids does stuff to your sense of self-preservation.
        
             | permo-w wrote:
             | top tip: most humans can float as long as their lungs are
             | full
        
               | ubermonkey wrote:
               | Being super lean and carrying mass in large muscles will
               | ruin this, fwiw.
               | 
               | In my late 20s I was militantly fit and also very into
               | rock climbing. I supplemented this with some lifting to
               | balance things out; people who ONLY climb end up looking
               | a little weird as the lats develop out of proportion with
               | the rest of you.
               | 
               | Anyway, even with a lungful of air, my neutral buoyancy
               | point was like 8-12" below the surface.
               | 
               | Alas, I am now 51.
        
               | qzw wrote:
               | Only if they're not panicking and thrashing about.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | true. it's definitely easier said than done, but it's a
               | useful fact to have in your head
        
         | PapaSpaceDelta wrote:
         | I dived the Blue Hole in Belize and was shocked by the slack
         | attitude of most of the other divers on the boat. I'd just
         | completed my Advanced Open Water (with a deep dive) so was very
         | conscious of the regular air checks, however despite a detailed
         | dive briefing with emphasis on the pressure cut offs at each
         | depth, about half the party ended up having to be given
         | supplemental air at the final safety stop. Although I'm sure
         | that there are many irresponsible dive operators out there,
         | there are clearly also divers (many of whom were at least
         | experienced enough to bring their own equipment) who don't take
         | responsibility for their own safety. I don't know if that's a
         | training issue, or just a human stupidity issue.
        
         | meowfly wrote:
         | I'm an avid diver and I completely agree. My Open Water took
         | place in a hot spring with extremely low visibility. The goal
         | was the cert it wasn't skill mastery. My next dive was the
         | Great Barrier reef where boats just drop you off and you can
         | get a guide or dive yourself. We irresponsibly dove by
         | ourselves, exhausted all our air, and came up (skipping a
         | safety stop) realizing we were a considerable distance from the
         | boat. It's obviously our fault for not being safe but we
         | definitely didn't have the necessary fear in us for our skill
         | level.
         | 
         | I think PADI should be emphasizing that your first 20 dives or
         | so should be with a guide never exceeding 60ft. IIRC, a lot of
         | the course material for Open Water is about shore diving with a
         | buddy by yourselves.
        
           | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
           | _It 's obviously our fault for not being safe but we
           | definitely didn't have the necessary fear in us for our skill
           | level._
           | 
           | I think fear is what has kept me safe this long. I've got at
           | least 100 dives under my belt but I was quite careful to
           | slowly ramp up the difficulty, and even now, I'm very
           | cautious of really strong currents.
           | 
           | I must have done over 20 easy shore dives just getting
           | navigation experience (and I'm still not super confident with
           | it) before jumping on a boat to go deeper. And even then
           | there were a couple of potentially close calls. I must have
           | had over 40 dives before I even went on a dive holiday, and
           | many of the scenic places are not super difficult to dive.
        
             | meowfly wrote:
             | > I was quite careful to slowly ramp up the difficulty, and
             | even now, I'm very cautious of really strong currents.
             | 
             | This is most definitely how it should go.
             | 
             | It seems like an inevitability you will eventually have
             | something go wrong (maybe you lose your group, your mask is
             | a problem, you burn through air too quickly, etc). In this
             | scenario the most important skill is to not panic and
             | control your breathing but I think that mostly comes with
             | experience.
             | 
             | While you develop experience, diving conservatively hedges
             | against some of the worst case scenarios. Something as
             | simple as a mask coming off can lead to panic which leads
             | to hyperventilating. Someone hyperventilating will feel
             | like they just can't get enough air and the immediate
             | reaction will be to exit as quickly as possible.
             | 
             | Guides, as OP points out, should be far more sensitive to
             | the experience a person has.
        
               | mordymoop wrote:
               | I was sixteen when I first started diving. It was only
               | after I first (briefly) lost track of the dive group, _at
               | night_ , that I realized I had absolutely no plan for
               | what to do if I was disconnected from the guide. ( _At
               | night_.) This possibility hadn't been discussed, at all.
        
           | Agingcoder wrote:
           | I remember my padi instructor (British, in Malaysia) as being
           | completely paranoid, which was a good thing.
           | 
           | He essentially told us that any missteps would have very
           | nasty consequences, and spent most of his time badgering us
           | with safety precautions. He also encouraged us to dive with a
           | guide, do refresher dives, etc.
           | 
           | The only downside is that I don't dive anymore now that I
           | have kids, since I believe it's dangerous, and I'm worried I
           | will make a mistake...
        
           | jqcoffey wrote:
           | > As a PADI Open Water Diver, you'll be trained to a maximum
           | depth of 18 metres/60 feet, and are qualified to dive in
           | conditions as good as, or better than, those in which you
           | trained
           | 
           | ref: https://www.padi.com/courses/open-water-diver
           | 
           | PADI _does_ emphasize that with an open water cert you must
           | absolutely _always_ remain above 60ft.
           | 
           | That's what's shocking to me the most about the article and
           | some of the conversation here--many folks are talking about
           | diving to crazy depths as if that's normal.
           | 
           | I don't know why that is, but I will agree with your general
           | point as a result. Folks need to understand this is a
           | dangerous sport and one that can easily kill you (though not
           | by barracuda).
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | The thing is, it's actually extremely easy to get an
             | Advanced Open Water cert. I did it in a few days in Dahab,
             | on the Sinai. We actually dove the Blue Hole as our last
             | dive.
        
             | meowfly wrote:
             | I'm just learning that I don't actually know PADI Open
             | Water guidelines despite > 100 dives. I guess that syncs
             | with my experience that Open Water cert doesn't necessarily
             | actually train you.
             | 
             | I'm like genuinely confused at this point. I've had so many
             | guides, even in places like Hawaii, not follow their own
             | guidelines. It would be trivial for PADI to see Open Water
             | divers are diving the thresher sharks at Malapascua, for
             | example, and that would necessitate they go past 60ft.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | I had a similar experience at a tourist destination island in
         | Australia. We went on a dive with just a couple of meters of
         | visibility, with a big group holding on to a anchor chain. I
         | couldn't see the dive instructor and I couldn't equalise my
         | ears. Everyone kept going and I basically just stopped at about
         | 10 meters down. It just wasn't worth it, especially given the
         | ear pain I had for weeks afterwards.
         | 
         | As a counterpoint, I did another "introductory" dive at another
         | Australian island a few years later, and it was beyond amazing.
         | Prettier than any wildlife documentary I had ever seen.
         | Incredibly attentive, patient, and professional staff, etc...
        
           | climb_stealth wrote:
           | Would you care to share where the good and bad experiences in
           | AU were?
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | Bad was Great Keppel Island. Basically it was a bunch of
             | drunk 20-something-year-olds doing "activities" like
             | diving, getting plastered with overpriced drinks, and
             | unsuccessfully hitting on each other. The coral was half
             | dead from bleaching, and the other half was torn up by boat
             | anchors.
             | 
             | Good was Lord Howe Island, which is the _last true paradise
             | on Earth_. It 's on the southernmost tip of the Great
             | Barrier Reef, so it has coral, but none has bleached. The
             | waters are pristine and protected. It's a place more
             | civilised than Japan. You can leave a camera bag with $10K
             | of gear in it on the beach and go on a hike, because it
             | _will_ be there when you get back. There 's a beach with a
             | shack next to it where you can stuff a $20 bill into a jar
             | to rent snorkelling equipment. The jar had about $500 in
             | it. Nobody is going to take that either. This place is what
             | most places _should be like_ , but aren't.
             | 
             | The dive at Lord Howe Island was just... unspeakably
             | beautiful. To set the scene: the missus had done a dive
             | before (supposedly), and this was an introductory dive
             | anyway to a depth no greater than about 12m, but she had a
             | panic attack. While the instructor was patiently helping
             | her relax, I snorkelled around the boat. Above were
             | thousands of wheeling seabirds coming in to roost to a
             | cliff about 100m high. That view alone was spectacular.
             | Below were layers of coral and shoals of fish like
             | underwater highways of colour. Had I paid the fee just to
             | see _this_ I would have considered it money well spent.
             | 
             | Then the younger instructor leading the team of kids doing
             | their PADI certification offered to take me on a one-on-one
             | dive since a boy in his group used his air too quick and we
             | had spare time now. I got to see shellfish bigger than I
             | had ever seen, a huge octopus squirt ink in the
             | instructor's face, then we dove through a tunnel under
             | coral, there were fish bigger than me, and generally it was
             | just awesome.
             | 
             | I highly, _highly_ recommend this place to everyone who 's
             | willing to listen and has the budget. My tip is: skimp on
             | the accommodation, splurge on the restaurants. Go there to
             | turn your phone off and relax.
        
         | dudeinjapan wrote:
         | "Everybody has a plan until they get punched in the face." -
         | Mike Tyson
        
           | nkozyra wrote:
           | Not meant as pedantry, because I think it makes the quote
           | more urgent, but it's "punched in the mouth."
        
         | iudqnolq wrote:
         | Edit: I think I wasn't clear. I wasn't try to claim alpine
         | hiking is totally safe. Just that there is less of an issue
         | with guides taking inexperienced people beyond their
         | competency. Clearly alpine hiking isn't totally safe as many
         | people sadly perish doing it.
         | 
         | I'm not sure I agree about alpine hiking. Most of the failure
         | states I've seen can be avoided by having at least one
         | competent person (out too late, lost, continue in bad weather,
         | etc.) There is still the issue of approving people who aren't
         | fit enough, but you've got a much slower start than diving and
         | you'll probably notice that sort of thing before you're too far
         | in to turn back.
         | 
         | Edit: Possibly you meant more mountaineering-y sorts of trips
         | instead. If you're talking about the sort of thing where you
         | might use protection then I agree with you.
        
           | christophilus wrote:
           | One of my (very experienced) alpine hiking instructors died
           | after a long day summiting Rainer. His team made a rookie
           | mistake, but it's surprisingly easy to do when you're
           | exhausted and you feel as if you're nearly done with the
           | worst of it.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | I was told, most of the climbing accidents happens in easy
             | terrain. When also experienced people get careless.
             | 
             | My experience matches that.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | Another point is you get much more injuries when the wall
               | is not steep (you slide along, instead of falling in
               | free-air), another are stones if the wall is not steep
               | they roll along the wall. That's a perfect example off
               | misjudge objective and subjective dangers. An overhanging
               | wall is much less dangerous then anything else, but your
               | brain tells something else.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | I'd generally trade more little injuries sliding down a
               | shallow wall for one big injury from a free fall.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | For that you have a rope, that's the objective part...you
               | would not climb (i hope) an overhanging wall.
               | 
               | >little injuries sliding down a shallow wall
               | 
               | Those are often not "little" the rocks rip you apart, and
               | when you stop you look not human anymore (a bag of
               | flesh)...happens often at glaciers too.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Oh, but in the alps there are ways with a metal ladder,
               | where you indeed "walk" a overhanging way, without rope.
               | 
               | Not for everyone obviously.
        
               | marcyb5st wrote:
               | Not sure if you are still focusing on alpine hiking or
               | climbing.
               | 
               | While climbing most deadly accidents (30+% of them [1])
               | happen because people rappel through the end of the rope
               | (or ropes if using half/twin ropes). Stopper knots are a
               | 10s precaution that is often overlooked.
               | 
               | However, it is true that on easier climbing routes it is
               | easier to hurt yourself because you might hit a ledge on
               | your way down. If that happens it's most likely the
               | belayer's fault because he/she should keep "a tight
               | leash" on the sections just above said ledges. If you let
               | an unexperienced person belay you I assume you evaluated
               | the risk and are ok with that.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/skills/8_common_c
               | limbing...
        
             | iudqnolq wrote:
             | I'm sorry to hear that. I wasn't try to claim alpine hiking
             | is totally safe. Just that there is less of an issue with
             | guides taking inexperienced people beyond their competency.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "Most of the failure states I've seen can be avoided by
           | having at least one competent person"
           | 
           | Thats why "guides" exist. And if course it is very safe with
           | a competent guide.
           | 
           | But alpine hiking can be indeed very dangerous, without.
           | 
           | Because Alpine hiking has climbing elements in it.
           | 
           | Add to that a storm and wind and fog - and you have tourists
           | with sandals on slippery rock about to fall very deep.
           | Happens allmost every year.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I was debating disagreeing with the equivalence with alpine
           | hiking. As I said in another comment, it's mostly about
           | judgment when it comes to alpine hiking. Although perhaps
           | that's the case with diving as well. Of course, get more into
           | mountaineering and there are a ton of factors like avalanches
           | you can't fully protect against. (And there's of course some
           | overlap with winter hiking in the mountains.)
           | 
           | ADDED: re: fitness. I've definitely had to take people down
           | when I've been leading a trip and even had to turn a group
           | around. But so long as you don't push on past where it's
           | safe, it mostly just means people don't get up the mountain.
           | (Of course, it can be a problem with canyons.)
        
         | diveanon wrote:
         | For any beginning divers reading this, dive your limits.
         | 
         | I am an instructor and it always makes me sad to hear about
         | people questioning the hobby because of shady dive centers.
         | 
         | Do not let a guide or instructor talk you into exceeding your
         | certification limits.
         | 
         | Also, if anyone encounters a situation like what is described
         | above please report it to PADI asap. PADI takes cases like this
         | very seriously and will initiate an investigation immediately.
         | 
         | You might save someones life.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | The two biggest things with alpine hiking are probably weather
         | and not turning around when you should. (I could probably add
         | just being grossly ill-prepared like lacking map and compass
         | and perhaps depending too much on electronic gizmos.)
         | 
         | Over the holidays I was reading a book about a winter fatality
         | on Mount Washington a few years back. The person was actually
         | very well-prepared and fit. And even had some big mountain
         | experience--but always with guides. And simply went out on a
         | day she should never have been out on.
        
           | nieve wrote:
           | Landslides & avalanches would be the other big worry and not
           | just from them coming down on you from above. It's not
           | unusual for trails some places to cross a couple hundred feet
           | up scree slopes that are right at the angle of repose. A bad
           | slide can start just from standing still too long. I've been
           | in groups that had to run across them and afterward we
           | questioned whether we'd been stupid to even try.
        
           | leeter wrote:
           | As a native of a very well known mountainous state I can say
           | it's more than that. If you're summitting on a mountain you
           | need to be prepared to bivouac at least one if not two nights
           | and survive adverse weather. Even experienced hikers can find
           | themselves trapped far from the trailhead by either weather
           | or fire. That's not even talking about the usual bears,
           | mountain lions (don't hike alone), or ticks (Lyme Disease is
           | real).
        
           | agent008t wrote:
           | Trails in the Alps in Germany or Austria can be tricky
           | precisely because they are fairly well marked and signposted.
           | A red route can be a 'walk in the park', nicely trodden path
           | with a steep gradient in places, or include bits that are
           | quite exposed with a danger of falling. As a complete
           | amateur, it is easy to end up on a riskier route than you
           | expected, as it would not even look remotely risky until you
           | are half-way through. And then you encounter some dodgy bit,
           | it can be hard to decide - do you turn back, or do you
           | attempt it? Will it get worse or better after this?
           | 
           | One should be vigilant not to get lulled into a false sense
           | of security and prepare well for any hike. I have been
           | irresponsible in the past at times but now I know better - I
           | wish I did back then too.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Yep, this literally just happened to me here in
             | Switzerland. An "easy" route at around 2300m which was
             | great - a nice wide, cleaned road around snowy areas. And
             | then suddenly a steep descent with 30+ cm of frozen iced
             | snow. Without proper equipment, that would be extremely
             | dangerous and even with equipment is was far outside the
             | comfort zone.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Ice can be particularly tricky. One of the nice things
               | about modern traction gear is that it's easy and light to
               | toss in a pack "just in case." That said, with harder ice
               | and steeper terrain, it's not a replacement for more
               | specialized gear.
               | 
               | I tried to do one hike this winter that wasn't even
               | particularly hard but it was really icy and cold and the
               | steep parts were steep enough. I ended up turning around
               | given that I wasn't wearing my full crampons.
        
               | whymauri wrote:
               | I turned around at Bright Angel in the Grand Canyon this
               | Winter. Despite being real bummed about it, I headed down
               | Hermit's Rest which gets more sun and was no longer icy.
               | 
               | "Oh well, I'll settle today" I thought. Midway down
               | Hermit's Rest I cross a much more experienced hiker --
               | she had lived in and around the Grand Canyon full-time
               | for a year. She was only coming back to the Rim to move
               | her car due to the incoming on-season (yeah, just a
               | "casual" river to rim and back, lol). She told me she had
               | just been around Bright Angel the day prior and had seen
               | a girl be air-lifted away with a broken leg. Even though
               | she had microspikes and months of winter experience in
               | that park specifically, she bailed.
               | 
               | Suddenly, I didn't feel like I settled anymore... turning
               | back can save lives and limbs. The majority of the time,
               | nature (and the trail) will still be there when you
               | return. It will certainly outlast you, if anything.
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | For those who don't know, there are signs around the
           | "presidential" peaks in the White Mountains that say:
           | 
           | > The area ahead has the worst weather in America. Many have
           | died of exposure even in the summer. Turn back _now_ if the
           | weather is bad.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/ScarySigns/comments/ekx3rw/found_wh.
           | ..
           | 
           | They are NOT kidding. Things can go from beautiful to ugly
           | very quickly. 5,000 feet might seem like a joke to somebody
           | from out west, but it's not all smooth trails (practically
           | the same as pavement) with plenty of switchbacks like you're
           | used to. When you're on steep nasty almost-technical terrain
           | and its wet and _hella_ windy, safety can suddenly be a long
           | way away.
           | 
           | I know those mountains very well, I'm a strong hiker even by
           | local standards, and I _still_ make sure to exercise plenty
           | of caution every time. Those rocks are not to be trifled
           | with.
        
             | mauvehaus wrote:
             | Based on the comment about the electronics, GP is likely
             | referring to Kate Matrosova, who perished in positively
             | appalling conditions, even by the very low standards of
             | winter in the Whites.
             | 
             | She died just off the Star Lake Trail, having ascended to
             | the ridge via the Valley Way, which hits the ridge line at
             | Madison Hut (4800', or much lower than the summit of
             | Washington at 6288'). My partner and I have bailed off
             | pretty much exactly her route in the summer when the winds
             | were too high for our experience and fitness levels when we
             | popped up out of the lee side of the ridge line on Adams.
             | 
             | Anybody who wants a really well researched case study
             | should read Ty Gagne's book on her trip and the subsequent
             | rescue attempt.
             | 
             | Incidentally, my partner and I climbed Washington on a
             | guided trip the weekend after she died. The weather was so
             | good the guides had their cameras out to take pictures. The
             | extremes in the Presidentials are no joke, as stated, but
             | can also result in some beautiful days.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah, that's the case and the book I was talking about.
               | 
               | The actual accident, while obviously very tragic, wasn't
               | especially interesting. Basically don't try to do a
               | Presidential Traverse during the worst weather in about
               | 20 years. It was actually a different situation from the
               | more common cascading failures mode of accidents.
               | 
               | She made a grave error by deciding to drive up to NH that
               | weekend and a fatal one by continuing above treeline.
               | Even Rick Wilcox (owns local climbing gear/guide store
               | and has summitted Everest) basically says in the book
               | that she was well enough prepared but shouldn't have been
               | out that day.
               | 
               | That said there were definitely lessons around just
               | because you have a lot of experience, don't assume you
               | understand the local situation when you have little to no
               | experience there.
               | 
               | But the search and rescue account was morbidly
               | fascinating. Also demonstrates that locator beacons won't
               | always save you. (She admittedly didn't use it properly
               | but I doubt it would have made a difference given the
               | weather.)
        
               | notacoward wrote:
               | BTW, when I said "you" before I didn't mean you @ghaff. I
               | know _you_ know these things; that was for the majority
               | of HN folks whose experience is likely to be with taller
               | but still less dangerous peaks. I apologize for the lack
               | of clarity.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | matsemann wrote:
           | > _And even had some big mountain experience_
           | 
           | One problem is that that experience lull you into a false
           | sense of security. I'm not talking arrogance or so. Merely
           | that you can do something everyday that's unsafe and get away
           | with it, training you on bad data to think it's safe.
           | 
           | Like avalanches. Certain conditions are met. You go out.
           | Everything is fine. Same the other times. You learn that it's
           | safe. Suddenly an avalanche happen with those exact
           | conditions. It was just arbitrary it didn't happen the other
           | times.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Avalanches are probably one of those things that you can
             | reduce the danger of in various ways but probably can't
             | avoid entirely other than avoiding mountains that can
             | potentially have an avalanche entirely.
             | 
             | For all the mitigation work they do on a regular basis,
             | there are periodic avalanches at ski areas in the Alps and
             | in the US West. Many of these are out of bounds, but not
             | all. [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.powder.com/stories/skier-killed-in-
             | avalanche-at-...
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | Yeah. Like when in a group having to traverse something
               | almost horizontally on skis, we go with a long distance
               | between each other. So that the risk of triggering
               | something is smaller, and if something is triggered as
               | few as possible is involved and others can do the rescue.
               | I also have beacon, back pack with airbag etc. So
               | minimized the risk as much as I can.
               | 
               | But sometimes I think. If I have to do aaall those things
               | to mitigate the risk, is it really safe and worth it? So
               | far, the answer is yes. Maybe it changes if I ever see an
               | accident.
        
         | saiya-jin wrote:
         | Yes we do. I have some 30-40 dives done with Advanced open
         | water diving license, but since I only dive in exotic places
         | 1-2 we visit times a year, I always need a full refresh as
         | first dive on every vacation. Not having any scuba equipment at
         | home, the things life all safety and equipment checks, even
         | though easy, just fade from my memory.
         | 
         | I recall, when doing my first real dive (not training in 4m),
         | in Croatia, the instructor took us to 33m. I was showing him
         | this on depth meter, he just signaled OK with fingers. The
         | feeling of being so deep that we didn't see surface anymore, on
         | a first dive was a bit unnerving.
         | 
         | I also have similar experience to yours with shipwreck,
         | although with some 30 dives it wasn't so scary. But we were
         | swimming through narrow passages of very old shipwreck from
         | WWII on Bali, and I felt how tubes are touching the walls. It
         | wasn't a big wreck, but I wouldn't go to this kind of
         | inspection on my own, just followed instructor.
         | 
         | One thing I noticed - a minority of folks are so arrogant they
         | barely follow instructor and do what they want, ie not
         | following the group, swimming lower than instructor etc. Can't
         | comprehend this, I mean you are literally reminded by all
         | senses how you are in very unfamiliar environment, yet some
         | can't show any respect for it, even though they don't have much
         | experience themselves.
         | 
         | Anyway, a very cool sport, although its one way to realize how
         | messed up our environment is, when you see more and more corals
         | dying literally just over few years.
        
       | NotPavlovsDog wrote:
       | I've dived the Blue Hole, recreational depths. I felt an evil
       | presence there and had nightmares about the Hole 2 nights after,
       | with some kind of blue energy trying to consume me.
       | 
       | I am not a superstitious person, and have dived multiple deep
       | technical dives with bad visibility, below 0 Celsius sea water
       | (poor dive computer) on sites with munitions, chemical
       | contamination and war graves with body remains. This is the only
       | time I felt that there was a large predatory presence watching me
       | and all around me. Was offered to do the Arch, have the needed
       | experience and clearances. Did not do, will not do ever.
       | 
       | The memorials and history of the place did not affect me in any
       | way, I've worked rescue, dealt with dead bodies and attended many
       | a funeral. I've participated in autopsies as part of my training.
       | The blue hole was a strange enough experience that it stands out
       | of all of my _many_ dives.
        
       | gentleman11 wrote:
       | Can't read without clicking the "I agree to tracking" full page
       | pop up.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | I remember several years ago I watched the video on YouTube where
       | Yuri sank to the bottom of the Blue Hole and drowned in a drunken
       | narcotic state. Pretty much confirmed I never want to bother with
       | scuba diving. ROVs seem cooler anyway and can go way deeper.
        
         | hyperbovine wrote:
         | This type of dive is extremely atypical in terms of risk, and
         | also reward. It appeals to a certain kind of person interested
         | in technical diving and/or bragging rights. As far as seeing
         | pretty fish or coral, there is no point in going this deep
         | since it's dark. 99% of divers are staying above 30m, where
         | things are a lot safer and more interesting.
        
           | danparsonson wrote:
           | Indeed; nitrogen narcosis is almost non-existent within the
           | 18m standard open water limit, and even down to 30m is
           | unusual. Just find a reputable dive company taking you around
           | a reef and it's really very safe.
        
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