[HN Gopher] The more complex crypto seems, the higher the pyrami...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The more complex crypto seems, the higher the pyramid schemes can
       go
        
       Author : RuffleGordon
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2021-04-25 15:31 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (reallifemag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (reallifemag.com)
        
       | loup-vaillant wrote:
       | Okay, I use NoScript. It's a hassle, but it's an eye opener, so I
       | keep using it. Here, I needed _yet again_ to enable JavaScript to
       | read what ought to be a static, text heavy article.
       | 
       | Nothing new so far. What's interesting however is that instead of
       | the article, I didn't get the usual blank page. Instead, I could
       | read the following quote:
       | 
       | > _" Appropriate technology" was a movement beginning in the late
       | 1960s that aimed to shift the emphasis from mass technology to
       | smaller-scale, affordable technologies, informed and targeted to
       | local needs and customs. Many of its ideas are as relevant today.
       | So is one of its major shortcomings: why would we rely on
       | technology to mitigate the harm technology does?_
       | 
       | Turns out I got redirected to
       | https://reallifemag.com/appropriate-measures/
       | 
       | How ironic. When trying to disable a technology that's quite
       | useless as displaying text (and more often than not is more about
       | tracking me than serving me), I got a lecture on appropriate
       | technology. And a fairly good one at that, which should probably
       | be reflected on by proponents of crypto currencies.
        
         | unnouinceput wrote:
         | I have NoScript too. I, too, had nothing on the screen but
         | instead of enabling the JS for the site I switched to reader
         | mode and boom! the static text heavy article was before my
         | eyes. -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | Not sure if this is a nit or not, but NFTs rarely represent
       | ownership of anything other than the NFT. You're not really
       | buying the art, you're buying _association_ with the art. At
       | least if I buy a Jackson Pollock, but the world realizes he 's a
       | one-gimmick artist, I can still enjoy the painting. If the world
       | stops caring about NFTs, you're left with "cool story, bro."
        
         | saurik wrote:
         | Buying these NFTs is more like buying your name on some
         | dedication plaque no one will read unless directed to do so;
         | people do this, sometimes with millions of dollars, because it
         | is, in fact, a "cool story" vs. merely sending an anonymous
         | envelope of cash to the owners of the building (maybe a
         | University or local government).
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | It's quite a bit different, since your donation doesn't imply
           | ownership of the plaque (or even of anything built by the
           | donation). The non-fungibility of the plaque is irrelevant
           | because you don't own it, and therefore can't resell it, and
           | therefore can't expect it to appreciate in value, and
           | therefore nothing approaching a pyramid scheme is possible.
        
             | saurik wrote:
             | I appreciate it isn't exactly like (hence why I merely said
             | "more like" ;P). I think people are way too focused on the
             | idea of the value of these NFTs going up in value: most of
             | the discussion about why they are actually valuable in the
             | relevant communities is merely as an alternative to
             | Patreon-style interactions. (And so like, I totally agree
             | that a lot of scams are being built over them: I am just
             | defending why the "cool story" part actually is worth real
             | value to some people.)
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | Yes, I could have been more clear: I was trying to
               | suggest that if someone wants to give money to an artist
               | in the form of a Patreon-style interaction, then they can
               | just... donate. :P It's clear to me that the hype is
               | precisely _because_ people want their tokens to
               | appreciate in value; you can design a non- _transferable_
               | -token if you want to give patrons the "cool story"
               | without muddying the waters with pseudo-investment
               | shenanigans (of course, I suppose at this point there's
               | nothing stopping anyone from issuing an NFT on your NTTs,
               | sigh...).
        
       | cannabis_sam wrote:
       | Sure, but so is the world economy apparently:
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2019/04/05/the-worl...
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | My Occam's Razor: NFTs are tax avoidance and/or bribe money
       | vehicles that happen to be attracting useful idiots.
       | 
       | They are perfect because:
       | 
       | 1) an unlimited number of them can be created quickly and easily
       | 
       | 2) "artwork" value is subjective and therefore the value and
       | short term appreciation/depreciation can't be easily questioned
        
       | jdgoesmarching wrote:
       | This is a really fantastic article above and beyond what the
       | headline suggests. I recommend giving it a full read.
        
         | pierrebai wrote:
         | I disagree, but to each its own. I thought it was full of
         | condescending takes.
         | 
         | For example:                   - "getting" Memento does not
         | make it boring.         - Finding the art world being often
         | vacuous does not mean you are an acculturated ignoramus.
         | - Electricity does not make blockchain valuable, it's both the
         | social and proof-of-work, the electricity cost is incidental
         | and unrelated. (Bitcoins and NFT works even if you are ignorant
         | of its inner workings.)
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | gervwyk wrote:
         | Agreed. Writing of this quality is very rare, such a talented
         | author.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | The fact that there is so much money, SO much money, being thrown
       | around a technology that is dodgy at best, and a scam at worst,
       | is terrifying. I'm certain this technology will find a place in
       | the future after it has matured, but hoo boy are there gonna be
       | big winners and big losers until it shakes out.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | A lot of people that invest simply lack better alternatives. On
         | the other hand the people that could invest reasonably like
         | homeowners in energy efficiency do not have the money to do so,
         | with the current monetary policy. Even if they had, they would
         | gain more from investing in overvalued assets that have a
         | growth in value detached from reality, driven by loose money
         | supply for investors.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | > lack better alternatives
           | 
           | What?!
           | 
           | Wow, this is a painfully misinformed statement. Like, so
           | misinformed I want to hug you.
           | 
           | Index funds have consistently beaten inflation by double
           | digits and have practically nil management fees. They are
           | vastly more secure alternative to imaginary crypto exchanges.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > A lot of people that invest simply lack better alternatives
           | 
           | Yeah, stocks haven't had a good year in over a decade /s
        
             | legulere wrote:
             | Widespread access to low-fee index-fonds is pretty new and
             | alternatives were not as bad as they are now. You could at
             | least get inflation back by just letting your money stay at
             | the bank, which is not possible now anymore.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | The biggest change has been free trades and lower account
               | minimums. For a long time, as long as you could hit the
               | minimum (usually $2500-$5000), Vanguard was an amazing
               | choice. The minimum wasn't great, but really, investing
               | less isn't all that interesting, at least not as a missed
               | opportunity for building wealth. Low-fee ETFs have also
               | been around for a while, but the $10 per trade you'd pay
               | in 2005 meant you didn't really want to buy less than
               | $1,000 of anything.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | > The fact that there is so much money, SO much money, being
         | thrown around a technology that is dodgy at best, and a scam at
         | worst, is terrifying.
         | 
         | We have very little evidence to substantiate the actual
         | quantity of real dollars in this system.
         | 
         | The NYAG settlement with Tether shows that it's backed by
         | bailing wire, chewing gum and hope [1]. USDC has stopped
         | publishing their attestations as of January (which, btw, - and
         | I can't believe I'm going to cite Tether's Saul Goodman but -
         | aren't audits [2]) and since then it's market cap has doubled.
         | USDT and USDC both use similar weasel wording about the nature
         | of what backs them.
         | 
         | An attempted ETF a couple of years ago admitted 95% of all
         | trading volume in the crypto space was fake. [3]
         | 
         | The CFTC smacked Coinbase because literally 99% of all Litecoin
         | trading volume in 2017 was one dude, Charlie Lee - the LTC
         | founder, wash trading internally [4]. Lee then took advantage
         | of the market cap he synthesized, dumped literally all his
         | holdings at the peak and sailed off to an island.
         | 
         | This is just a couple of examples off the top of my head. It's
         | all fraudulent.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/2021.02.17_-_settlemen...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://twitter.com/bitcoinlawyer/status/1386146486359150597
         | 
         | [3] https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitwise-calls-out-to-
         | sec-95-o...
         | 
         | [4] https://cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8369-21
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | _We have very little evidence to substantiate the actual
           | quantity of real dollars in this system._
           | 
           | This is especially true of NFTs. With each item unique,
           | there's no meaningful market price. There are just occasional
           | stories about sales.
           | 
           | This is important. With a commodity that has an active
           | market, prices have some meaning. You can usually sell your
           | asset at roughly the current market price. This is not true
           | of unique items. You have to find a buyer who wants your
           | specific thing.
           | 
           | This works just like collectables on eBay. Here's a current
           | collectable.[1] "Rare Tag Error Retired Ty Beanie Baby Claude
           | The Crab 1996 Collector - US $1,235.00 [ 0 bids ]" Note the
           | "0 bids". Now keep scrolling down until something shows up
           | with a bid.[2] "Princess diana beanie baby 1st edition 1997
           | w/o tag US $0.99 [ 1 bid ]" That's what a willing buyer is
           | prepared to pay. You can scroll through page after page of
           | Beanie Baby asking prices without seeing anything with a bid.
           | 
           | That's what an NFT market looks like when you want to sell.
           | 
           | The NFT market is useful only to those with a fan base they
           | can monetize. If you're the fan, you're the sucker.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ebay.com/itm/194065105880
           | 
           | [2] https://www.ebay.com/itm/254955747357
        
             | Nasrudith wrote:
             | I think that may be a feature for money launderers. They
             | love exploiting subjective valued things like art and wine.
             | It would also help explain where the dumb money is coming
             | from - losing money during the laundering process is the
             | norm so a "bad deal" could still be a win.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | While your broad point is correct, that's not at all how
             | you would gauge eBay / marketplace values correctly. The
             | $0.99 one bid example doesn't reveal much about what people
             | are willing to pay. At a minimum you also want to use
             | completed / historical sales, not pick out an item with 0
             | or 1 or N bids that is an auction in progress.
             | 
             | People often place an initial entry bid on items when the
             | auction begins just to keep track of items of interest as
             | an alternative to the watchlist, and typically there is a
             | rush of activity in the last minute courtesy of robobids.
             | 
             | That Claude the Crab or Diana - depending on condition -
             | might go for $10, $100 or $5,000+. We wouldn't know unless
             | we check historical sales and keep in mind how condition
             | drastically alters the value of collectibles.
             | 
             | Using eBay's filters you can switch to only showing sold
             | items. Or you can use one of the numerous sites that make
             | it easy to check historical prices.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Auctions have an issue for rare items - they require at
               | least TWO bidders to get an idea of a price. One bidder
               | might have been happy to spend a million dollars, but the
               | item still sells for $0.99 because nobody bid against
               | her.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | The value is going to be desire times scarcity. It
               | doesn't matter if someone would pay a million dollars for
               | something that is available for 99C/; I'd pay $1000 for a
               | glass of water if they weren't available for a penny.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | Here we have eBay's listing of Beanie Babies that
               | actually sold, sorted highest price first.
               | 
               | There are 21 that actually sold over $5000. How many of
               | those are wash sales is not clear.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_nkw=Beanie
               | +Babies...
        
             | aphextron wrote:
             | People are going to have to learn the hard way about
             | bid/ask spreads.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Ironically I learned how exchanges worked (bid/ask, order
               | book, spreads, etc.) through crypto.
        
             | Itsdijital wrote:
             | I searched for most valuable beanie babies and found a site
             | that said the Princess Di bear is worth $500k. The
             | completed auctions on ebay reveal a market price
             | of....$4.50
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | > This is just a couple of examples off the top of my head.
           | It's all fraudulent.
           | 
           | I'm not sure how you go from a few examples to -> "it's all
           | fraudulent". Does crypto attract gamblers, crooks and
           | manipulators? Yes, 100%. Does the same kind of behavior also
           | happen on the stock market? Yes, 100%[1][2]. Hedge funds on
           | wall street are doing all kinds of manipulations as well, it
           | doesn't make the whole stock market fraudulent.
           | 
           | 1: https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-is-archegos-and-how-did-
           | it...
           | 
           | 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%
           | 80...
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | What Archegos did is nothing like what any of the links I
             | provided show. They leveraged themselves to the tits and
             | got rekked. Happens to the most "WSB" of us - I think there
             | was a petition to make him a mod. They didn't issue company
             | scrip and buy up their own stock with it, then dump it on
             | unsuspecting bag holders. Bill Hwang wouldn't be in the
             | unemployment lines, he'd be in federal prison.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | What is the crypto equivalent of the SEC?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | They passed a new bill giving that power to SEC and CFTC.
               | They have already sued crypto related people/companies in
               | the past.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.coindesk.com/cftc-sec-us-house-
               | representatives
               | 
               | 2: https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-338
               | 
               | 3: https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8270-20
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | bidirectional wrote:
             | How is the Archegos case manipulation? They made a terrible
             | bet and lost lots of their own money.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Through that opaque structure, they hid just how much
               | exposure they had. They didn't only lose their money,
               | credit suisse also took a huge hit [1], so did many other
               | market participants that bought the over-inflated stocks
               | in question.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.wsj.com/articles/credit-
               | suisses-5-5-billion-arch...
        
           | erentz wrote:
           | > The CFTC smacked Coinbase because literally 99% of all
           | Litecoin trading volume in 2017 was one dude, Charlie Lee -
           | the LTC founder, wash trading internally [4].
           | 
           | I don't have any skin in this. But I found it interesting so
           | read it and the timelines don't seem to match your claim here
           | about Charlie Lee.
           | 
           | "The order also finds that over a six-week period--August
           | through September 2016..."
           | 
           | Note he sold in December 2017. Well over a year after this.
           | So it sounds like maybe that could've been him when he was
           | working there. But anything subsequent is on Coinbase. (Sadly
           | not surprising that SV mindset would legitimize securities
           | fraud as a means for growth hacking since they make up
           | numbers everywhere else.)
        
           | singularity2001 wrote:
           | >>> We have very little evidence to substantiate the actual
           | quantity of real dollars in this system.
           | 
           | This is one question I'm really interested in: How much money
           | did Coinbase, Kraken and Binance receive so far? That's
           | pretty much the whole real worth of the crypto space (IMO).
           | Everything else is just "look I have 1000000 signed pieces of
           | papers, I sold one for 1000 to my friend, so I'm a
           | billionaire now."
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | This is really useful information. I have a cadre of friends
           | who are serious crypto heads and I almost dread hanging out
           | with them because they are so deep into it. I'd be curious to
           | hear their perspective after I understand these links.
        
           | ajkdhcb2 wrote:
           | But you are ok with the fractional reserve banking system
           | that has now reached the point there are sometimes literally
           | no legally required reserves?
           | 
           | If you behave anywhere near as absurdly as the traditional
           | financial system then everyone calls you a scam.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Why wouldn't I be?
             | 
             | Fractional reserve lending is one of the ways in which the
             | money supply is actively managed. Adjusting the reserve
             | rates adjusts how much banks can loan, which adjusts the
             | circulating supply. It's not in and of itself intrinsically
             | harmful.
             | 
             | Remember, that nobody has lost a single dollar to a bank
             | failure since the backstop (the FDIC) was introduced in
             | 1933 - following the Great Depression. Even in the
             | Washington Mutual failure in 2008. The FDIC by the way is a
             | funded through premiums paid into it by the member banks.
             | They have an emergency credit facility with the Fed, of
             | course.
             | 
             | This is completely different than issuing company scrip and
             | buying up assets with it to enrich yourself with it.
        
               | ajkdhcb2 wrote:
               | >This is completely different than issuing company scrip
               | and buying up assets with it to enrich yourself with it.
               | 
               | That is exactly what the fractional reserve banking
               | system does. The dollars in people's accounts don't
               | actually exist, but the bank uses the money that people
               | deposit to buy assets that enrich the CEO and
               | shareholders.
               | 
               | >nobody has lost a single dollar to a bank failure since
               | the backstop (the FDIC) was introduced in 1933
               | 
               | I find that difficult to believe. But people have been
               | scammed indirectly in any case with bank bailouts that
               | pass taxpayer money onto the banks, paying them for
               | gambling with your money and not holding reserves. It's
               | like saying Tether is safe backing only 10% of assets
               | because the government can just bail them out if
               | necessary.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > I find that difficult to believe.
               | 
               | Just look it up.
        
           | bonestamp2 wrote:
           | > We have very little evidence to substantiate the actual
           | quantity of real dollars in this system.
           | 
           | I assume the SEC at least has some idea of how much has been
           | deposited through SEC regulated exchanges. That might be the
           | most useful place to get a rough low ball number.
        
         | one2three4 wrote:
         | That. Combined with the fact that so many productive people and
         | healthy business have limited or no access to it.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | Yes. And I think the OP correctly suggests that this... not
         | unique, it's increasing parts of the economy.
         | 
         | > It is understandable enough to want to participate in such
         | collective delusions. It's much more fun to be awed by not
         | getting a movie than to realize that you do get it and it's
         | just boring. This same idea also helps explain speculative
         | bubbles. It's more fun to believe in magic than to recognize
         | how much of financialized capitalism is just scams and pyramid
         | schemes. Nonetheless, if the popular press is full of
         | explainers "clarifying" what a "very complicated" investment
         | phenomenon is all about, hide your wallet: You are being
         | shilled into a game of Three-Card Monte.
        
         | api wrote:
         | The last part is why so much money is in it. Everyone remembers
         | how everyone said dot.com was over in 2002 when the biggest
         | dot.coms were yet to come. Everyone remembers when everyone
         | laughed at Tesla and SpaceX. Everyone remembers Bitcoin at $1.
         | 
         | There is a hell of a lot of FOMO around.
         | 
         | There are also record low interest rates not just in the USA
         | but globally, and that is inflating every asset at once.
         | 
         | If there is a crash I don't think it will just be
         | cryptocurrency. It will be broad and deep.
        
         | rawtxapp wrote:
         | Similar to dot-com bubble where people were investing their
         | life savings into companies that just had a domain name with no
         | business plan whatsoever. Lots of them blew up, but the ones
         | that made it through ended up becoming trillion dollar
         | companies.
        
           | grey-area wrote:
           | Only if you use a circular definition of made it through
           | which means became a trillion dollar company.
           | 
           | Plenty of companies made it through but never recovered their
           | dotcom market cap or prestige, a few prominent examples:
           | Csco, hpq (only recently passed the 2000 price), yhoo, emc,
           | vrsn, real networks. There were plenty of also-rans who
           | limped through but didn't justify the hype pricing years
           | later, and the real revolution came to fruition years later
           | with mobile computing and mass-market online stores, but
           | there was definitely underneath it all an obvious and real
           | information revolution which the dotcom bubble was merely
           | irrational euphoria about - everyone knew sonething big was
           | happening, even if they rejected the crazy prices.
           | 
           | I sincerely don't think this crypto bubble is similar,
           | because there is no there there amd because almost all assets
           | are severely overpriced right now - crypto is full of scams
           | and nobody is actually using it any more as a currency, this
           | means all these joke coins worth 100s of millions are going
           | to zero, no doubt just after joe public buys in. There's a
           | reason coin base insiders are frantically selling as soon as
           | they can and more and more frauds are coming to light. Even
           | the more legitimate companies in this space are full of
           | fraud.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | Yes, it's like that, but with the completely unregulated
           | trading environment reminiscent of the Roaring 20s. That's
           | why it's much, much worse. The dot-com bubble was driven by
           | margin, enthusiasm and poor decision making. This one's got
           | all those plus the hallmarks of the 20s: insane leverage
           | (see: DeFi), _bonkers_ leverage (see: BitMEX), and a
           | fictional currency being printed at a rate of billions of
           | dollars per week that 's then used to prop up the prices of
           | the assets themselves.
           | 
           | It's basically the dot-com bubble, the roaring 20s and 2008's
           | CDO shell game rolled into one.
        
             | aphextron wrote:
             | >"Yes, it's like that, but with the completely unregulated
             | trading environment reminiscent of the Roaring 20s."
             | 
             | If you think the modern day SEC is doing anything about the
             | current levels of market manipulation and wild speculation,
             | I've got a bridge to sell you.
        
             | SavantIdiot wrote:
             | Exactly. I -really- hope crypto ETFs don't end up in
             | ordinary people's 401Ks, but I fear it is heading that way.
        
         | Zamicol wrote:
         | >being thrown around a technology that is dodgy at best
         | 
         | I have yet to meet someone that says this who has foreseen the
         | implications of defi. In my mind, as an early bitcoiner, that
         | was the original promise of bitcoin.
         | 
         | A list of coins by market cap is full of absolute junk:
         | https://www.coingecko.com/en
         | 
         | A list of tokens by locked in value is full of systems that are
         | revolutionizing finance: https://defipulse.com/ Defi protocols
         | are providing useful services and are making money. I doubt I
         | could overstate their enormity.
         | 
         | There's a huge difference between the two worlds. Don't confuse
         | dogecoin's "I like the stonk" hype with Maker's muscle. The
         | "blockchain" isn't the point. The systems made possible on top
         | were always the point, and that's what makes "blockchain" so
         | valuable.
        
           | norswap wrote:
           | The top 7 on Defi Pulse (1) are currency exchanges
           | ("liquidity pools") and overcollateralized loans, which are
           | mostly used by speculators to get leverage. Useful, I guess.
           | But enormous -- only in monetary terms.
           | 
           | I believe crypto & blockchain technologies have a future. But
           | we ain't there yet.
           | 
           | (1) and I suspect more than that, those are just those I'm
           | familiar with.
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | What do you think that future is? I'm curious, since you
             | believe it in but also are able to see that most of Defi by
             | volume is just speculation.
             | 
             | I'd be interested to hear to pro-Crypto case.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | > I have yet to meet someone that says this who has foreseen
           | the implications of defi.
           | 
           | Can you give a use case that isn't intra crypto speculation?
           | That seems to be what Defi consists of at present.
           | 
           | Ultimately finance serves to help with capital allocation and
           | production in the real economy. So: is Defi helping the real
           | economy do things it couldn't do before? Or, is there a
           | plausible use case for this in formation?
           | 
           | Please be specific. A lot of people seem enthused by this,
           | but no one has been able to explain it in a way that shows
           | the use.
        
           | gpvos wrote:
           | defi = decentralized finance,
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_finance
        
           | ignoramous wrote:
           | > _" I like the stonk" hype with Maker's muscle._
           | 
           | Some of the tech in the web3 space is so genuinely
           | interesting [0]. And defi's evolution has been nothing short
           | of _rapid_. It is kind of sad that crypto-currency related
           | topics don 't invite as much positive attention and technical
           | discussion on HN.
           | 
           | [0] Especially, XaaS apps on top of Ethereum v2, Cosmos, and
           | Polkadot.
        
             | piva00 wrote:
             | I suspect because as many others here my time is limited.
             | Given the amount of scams, misinformation, hype-fueled
             | marketing talk, it's hard to parse information on the
             | crypto-space and so I'm completely put off by it.
             | 
             | Don't take me bad, I believe there are innovations
             | happening there that we will see the results on the
             | mainstream on the next 10 years, it's just too much of an
             | effort for just a curiosity from my side. I keep up with
             | articles shared here on HN as I believe it acts as a
             | curation and filtering tool but I can't keep up with the
             | rate of fads, new technologies, scams and dead technologies
             | on the crypto-space, it's simply exhausting.
        
           | eMGm4D0zgUAVXc7 wrote:
           | I'm pro-crypto-currency but I don't understand this,
           | explanation follows:
           | 
           | > A list of tokens by locked in value is full of systems that
           | are revolutionizing finance: https://defipulse.com/ Defi
           | protocols are providing useful services and are making money.
           | I doubt I could overstate their enormity.
           | 
           | The top ones are all lending and exchanges.
           | 
           | Lending money to someone isn't revolutionary, it's been
           | possible for centuries - and given how easy crypto is to
           | steal and never return, I wouldn't WANT to lend it to anyone
           | anyway!
           | 
           | And decentralized exchanges are cool for sure, but they are
           | self-serving in terms of only needing to exist because
           | cryptocurrencies exist. So they can't really be used as a
           | pro-crypto argument like you're doing because then the
           | solution you're arguing for would only need to exist to solve
           | a problem which it has created itself.
           | 
           | So what is so revolutionary about these?
        
             | Slartie wrote:
             | > and given how easy crypto is to steal and never return, I
             | wouldn't WANT to lend it to anyone anyway!
             | 
             | That's why all this "lending" is a joke anyway. They lend
             | you less than your collateral. If you want to "borrow" 1
             | BTC, for example, you need to first have the value of x BTC
             | (with x being something larger than 1) in the form of some
             | other crypto as a collateral and lock that up somehow.
             | 
             | So if I want to borrow 1000$, I first need to provide
             | 1000EUR and then hope the $/EUR rate doesn't come too close
             | to 1:1, because at that point my borrowing position is
             | liquidated and I end up having paid interest for borrowing
             | money I already had in the first place.
             | 
             | If that sounds ridiculous, that's because it is. Lending
             | needs trust and is thus inherently incompatible with
             | trustless cryptocurrencies.
        
           | monkeydust wrote:
           | I have to agree aside from the nonsense coins there is
           | something going on about Defi that makes me think it could
           | rewrite a lot of capital markets.
           | 
           | The beauty of it is that it's all software, no middle, back
           | office teams running reports and reconciliation processes.
        
             | mustafa_pasi wrote:
             | It's not all software though. There must be an office
             | somewhere where any actual real world assets are somehow
             | linked to tokens. This is what puzzles me. When you add
             | that one office, you loose the decentralization aspect and
             | then what's the point of it all?
        
               | programmarchy wrote:
               | Yes there must be interfaces with the real world. The
               | classic example is a "tooth fairy" insurance policy where
               | a smart contract yields a coin if the user loses a tooth.
               | How do you verify "proof of tooth"?
               | 
               | This is where the concept of an oracle comes in.
               | Chainlink is attempting to provide a decentralized,
               | tamper-proof oracle network for smart contacts so if you
               | want to know about the cutting edge look at what they're
               | publishing.
        
               | jerry1979 wrote:
               | Do Chainlink oracles offer any kind of benefits over
               | Discreet Log Contracts like the ones we see on
               | Suredbits[0]?
               | 
               | [0] https://oracle.suredbits.com/
        
           | TechBro8615 wrote:
           | FYI, but this is HN, so you might like to know that
           | "enormity" has a specific meaning with negative connotation,
           | it's not just a way to describe something as "really big,"
           | (enormous) but rather "really evil."
        
             | staticautomatic wrote:
             | It's bizarre that this is being downvoted. I wouldn't call
             | it "really evil" but the negative connotation is legit.
             | See...any dictionary.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Udik wrote:
               | (in neutral use) large size or scale. "I began to get a
               | sense of the enormity of the task"
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | Is that a quote from a dictionary or what?
        
               | Udik wrote:
               | Yep, Ofxord Languages (the one provided by google)
               | 
               | https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | And when I Google "define enormity" I get " noun 1. the
               | great or extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of
               | something perceived as bad or morally wrong. "a thorough
               | search disclosed the full enormity of the crime" 2. a
               | grave crime or sin. "the enormities of the regime" "
        
             | creata wrote:
             | > Although enormity has been used since the late 1700s to
             | denote large size, this usage continues to be disparaged by
             | various language commentators who argue that enormity
             | should be reserved for senses related to "great
             | wickedness." It is enormousness, they insist (a hefty and
             | considerably less common word), that should be used in
             | reference to great size, despite the fact that, like
             | enormity, it too originally was used to denote wickedness
             | or divergence from accepted moral standards. For better or
             | worse, this proscription has been widely ignored by many
             | English speakers, including professional writers. --
             | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/enormity
             | 
             | It's not as clear as you're making it out to be.
        
           | teh_infallible wrote:
           | ^^ You would think a group of engineers and founders would
           | see that, and yet HN remains stubbornly, irrationally anti-
           | crypto.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | fossuser wrote:
           | Agreed - the DeFi tech is really interesting:
           | https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/what-explains-the-
           | rise...
           | 
           | There's a lot of snake oil speculative no knowledge spam from
           | people that easily give off a bullshit vibe. So I get that a
           | lot on HN that haven't closely looked at it would be turned
           | off by that and just dismiss it entirely out of hand.
           | 
           | There's some real stuff going on here too and it's worth a
           | deeper look - I think the knee-jerk dismissal is a mistake.
           | At this point over ten years in, it's worth at least taking a
           | deeper look at even if (I'd argue _especially if_ ) you're a
           | skeptic.
           | 
           | I also suspect there's some pseudo-intellectual skepticism
           | cynicism as signaling going on like there always is.
           | 
           | Specifically on BTC: https://www.matthuang.com/bitcoin_for_th
           | e_open_minded_skepti...
        
         | danaris wrote:
         | > The fact that there is so much money, SO much money, being
         | thrown around
         | 
         | This is the kind of thing that happens when the wealthiest
         | people have _so much_ more than everyone else: there are enough
         | people with vast amounts of money that they have no idea what
         | to do with that they can easily fund a bubble like this,
         | especially when they are promised by smart-sounding geeks that
         | this is The Next Big Thing that will a) let them get in on the
         | ground floor of a whole new currency, and b) give them a way to
         | leverage their wealth to retain and increase their power as we
         | gradually move more and more toward a post-scarcity society.
        
         | beervirus wrote:
         | > I'm certain this technology will find a place in the future
         | after it has matured
         | 
         | Why? It doesn't solve any real problem that anyone has ever
         | had.
        
           | nyolfen wrote:
           | how about this: https://i.imgur.com/lSfdTfK.jpg
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | This chart affects 0.35% of the global population. This one
             | is far more representative [1]. Notice how after Bretton-
             | Woods ended, things got really nice and stable? That's
             | successful active management.
             | 
             | Venezuela's problem isn't inflation - that's a symptom.
             | Venezuela's problem is the Maduro government. Solve the
             | latter and you solve the former.
             | 
             | [1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FPCPITOTLZGUSA
        
               | arberx wrote:
               | "If only they did this!" -- that's not a solution. The
               | goal is to prevent this from even being possible in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | There are very real challenges from inflationary monetary
               | supplies in countries like Argentina, Turkey, Venezuela
               | and notably Zimbabwe.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | When you have a bad government, the currency is the least
               | of your problems. When you resolve the government, the
               | currency is no longer a problem.
               | 
               | Seriously, in Venezuela there have been recently
               | shortages of: milk, meat, coffee, rice, oil, precooked
               | flour, butter, toilet paper, personal hygiene products
               | and medicines. Some Venezuelans have resorted to eating
               | wild fruit and garbage [1]. Somehow resolving inflation
               | through a cryptocurrency with $50 transaction fees that
               | loses 27% of its value in one week every few months
               | doesn't change any of that. It's just a different set of
               | problems.
               | 
               | However, overthrowing the government will resolve both
               | issues.
               | 
               | Sometimes there are no easy answers.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nyolfen wrote:
               | being able to save money is a basic affordance that many
               | in despotic monetary regimes are deprived of -- this
               | extends far beyond venezuela, which is just a dramatic
               | example. defecting from a debased currency to discipline
               | abusive central banks is democratic power. "just
               | overthrow the government bro" is cold comfort and
               | ridiculously condescending to the ordinary people who are
               | purely victims of these situations.
        
             | SavantIdiot wrote:
             | Are you trying to claim cryptocurrency will "solve" rising
             | inflation, as if it is some kind of bad thing?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Inflation is an implicit tax on the working class and
               | savers. How is _that_ not a bad thing?
               | 
               | If you're rich, you can keep borrowing money at rock
               | bottom rates to invest and get richer, if you're just an
               | average person, everything around you is becoming more
               | and more expensive, yet your compensation doesn't change.
        
               | yuliyp wrote:
               | Inflation is a tax on money (so yes, savers). It's not a
               | tax on labor, nor is it a tax on productive assets.
               | Normally speaking, compensation changes with inflation
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | Simple: I'm not naive enough to make reductive arguments
               | about trillion dollar economies.
        
           | o_p wrote:
           | I hoped HN to have a more informed take but I guess not.
           | 
           | Blockchains solve the problem of having a decentralized
           | public database, currency is just a particular use
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | > Blockchains solve the problem of having a decentralized
             | public database.
             | 
             | That's not a problem. A problem is something like this: "as
             | a video editor/doctor/..., I need something that helps
             | me...".
             | 
             | Yours is just a tech description.
        
             | bryananderson wrote:
             | What problem does a decentralized public database solve?
             | 
             | As far as I can tell, over a decade in, blockchain is still
             | hunting for one.
        
             | Nasrudith wrote:
             | A decentralized public database is a solution, not a
             | problem (snark aside about bitcoin). The question is "What
             | is the purpose of it being decentralized and public?".
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | So like git?
        
               | o_p wrote:
               | But you host git on a centralized server, blockchain git
               | when
        
               | dilyevsky wrote:
               | That's github model, you can host it on many "servers" if
               | you so choose
        
               | Udik wrote:
               | It's not guaranteed to be unique. Blockchains are.
        
           | _Microft wrote:
           | Crypto technologically solves the social problem of trust.
           | 
           | I'll leave the interpretation of this statement up to you ;)
        
             | zepto wrote:
             | Crypto really has nothing to do with trust.
             | 
             | It provides a mechanism that enables distant parties to be
             | confident that they hold copies of the same document.
             | 
             | That's all.
        
               | Udik wrote:
               | Enables distant parties to be confident that there is
               | only one specific version of the document that is valid,
               | even when each of the parties could have an interest in
               | creating and spreading its own version.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | Valid for what?
        
               | _Microft wrote:
               | The blockchain, consensus algorithms and the whole
               | shebang are only needed because cryptocurrencies do not
               | want transactions to be mediated by a central authority
               | that would need to be trusted. Crypto is about trust, or
               | rather a lack thereof.
        
               | Hjfrf wrote:
               | Despite all that, people mostly trade crypto on
               | centralized exchanges.
               | 
               | The users really hate the decentralized aspect of crypto,
               | as shown by immediately giving away their wallet to some
               | "trusted" third party if it reduces fees.
        
               | api wrote:
               | Users neither love nor hate decentralization. Users don't
               | care how it works. They love features like not having to
               | worry about losing their wallet if a piece of hardware
               | dies or having to manually back it up.
               | 
               | People hate manual IT management. We are nearing the
               | point at which the idea of doing this will be compared to
               | cranking a car engine by hand to start it. If
               | decentralized systems can't offer this kind of "it just
               | works" experience then the future is 100% centralized.
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | Crypto users may be distrustful, but crypto doesn't
               | create trust or solve any problems to do with it. It's
               | just currency for the distrustful.
        
           | FDSGSG wrote:
           | It solved the problem of paying for drugs which you ordered
           | online.
           | 
           | It solved the problem of ransomware payments, before
           | winlockers used to ask for gift cards which didn't scale
           | well.
           | 
           | It solved the liberty reserve problem where the US government
           | shuts down your sketchy no-KYC money transfer platform.
           | 
           | At a very general level cryptocurrency has solved the
           | "anonymous online payments"-problem.
           | 
           | These are all very real problems solved by cryptocurrency.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | So what you're saying is that it solves a set of problems
             | for a bunch of very problematic people for which we'd
             | rather have a better solution? (maybe jail?)
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Un-alterable ledgers like blockchain are incredibly useful
           | for legal and economic applications. Unfortunately there are
           | a lot of caveats that need to be worked out, and crypto is
           | finding them at scale.
        
           | radicalbyte wrote:
           | It solves the problem of: how can I start a pyramid scheme
           | relatively anonymously.
        
           | base698 wrote:
           | Ever want your money to earn interest? Banks used to do this,
           | and you could get good returns on savings.
           | 
           | You can earn interest parking your crypto here:
           | https://compound.finance/
        
             | aphextron wrote:
             | You can also do this with the stock market by investing in
             | revenue generating companies that are innovative and
             | creating value. This is literally no different than
             | investing in gold.
        
               | base698 wrote:
               | More like Lending Club. People using Compound are getting
               | loans.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | But then you need to research and understand the
               | companies you're investing in. If you're busy with your
               | daytime job, you might not have as much time for this
               | research. The parent comment is talking about interest,
               | which is "risk-free" money (risk-free if the smart
               | contract doesn't have any bugs, etc).
        
               | aphextron wrote:
               | >But then you need to research and understand the
               | companies you're investing in. If you're busy with your
               | daytime job, you might not have as much time for this
               | research.
               | 
               | Then just invest in a Vanguard ETF. There's no such thing
               | as "risk free" money short of US treasuries or an FDIC
               | insured CD, and those don't require any research.
        
               | o_p wrote:
               | Unless you are participating in an IPO. Buying stocks its
               | not investing in the true sense you mention, you are just
               | transfering ownership of stocks but that money doesnt
               | fund any enterprise.
        
               | JohnPrine wrote:
               | This is not true. Buying shares in a company increases
               | the company's value, which allows it to raise more money
               | to fund future enterprises.
        
               | o_p wrote:
               | That doesnt make any sense at all, buying shares does not
               | increase the company value as someone is selling on the
               | other side, you could be buying when the price drops. If
               | what you said would be true, you would make profit by
               | just buying more shares!
        
               | 8192kjshad09- wrote:
               | But the share price going up enables the company to raise
               | money easier by offering more shares.
               | 
               | See TSLA for example.
        
               | yaa_minu wrote:
               | Not everyone is an investor. People who are not ready to
               | invest now should beable to save their earnings
               | withouthhaving to worry about their savings losing value.
        
               | bidirectional wrote:
               | The risk-free rate is that yielded by bonds issued by
               | creditworthy governments. It's available to everyone and
               | is the same whether you're Goldman Sachs or a nobody.
        
               | aphextron wrote:
               | >People who are not ready to invest now should be able to
               | save their earnings without having to worry about their
               | savings losing value.
               | 
               | You can. It's called a CD. They currently return about
               | 0.8%, which is the max you're ever going to get for a
               | "risk free" investment right now. Anything beyond that is
               | going to be some form of speculative investment. This is
               | precisely why the stock market has become so inflated.
        
           | haolez wrote:
           | While you wrote this, your country's Central Bank printed a
           | few billions (or trillions, if you are american) in your
           | currency, so that your money now is worth a lot less than
           | before.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | This is a dramatic misunderstanding of economics.
             | 
             | Inflation is a function of both supply and velocity.
             | Velocity is low because US savings are at an all-time high.
             | The central bank has a number of tools to contract the
             | supply once velocity increases. [1]
             | 
             | Your statement that an increase in supply leads to a
             | commensurate reduction in the value of each unit is
             | strictly false. And something you can measure by going to
             | the grocery store and checking if your bill is 100% higher
             | this year than last.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-
             | economy/2014/september/wha...
        
               | o_p wrote:
               | You are obfuscating with technical terms the fact that
               | the central bank haves the power to devaluate your cash
               | savings.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | No, that's not what I'm doing.
               | 
               | What I'm telling you is that supply is simply half the
               | picture, and you're neglecting the other half of the
               | picture. If you print a $10 trillion dollar coin, then
               | give it to me and I throw it into a vault, has that
               | increased the price of goods? No. Supply went up,
               | velocity went down commensurately. This is what you're
               | seeing in a macro scale.
               | 
               | Yes the central bank actively manages the money supply,
               | and maintains a consistent 2% inflation rate. Inflation
               | is good for debtors (i.e. most people) as debts are
               | denominated in the currency of the year of issue and
               | repaid with inflated money. So long as wages keep pace
               | (they do [1]) it's generally a benefit.
               | 
               | Money isn't long-term savings. It's a short-term store of
               | value that only needs to be fungible, cheap to transact,
               | and retain the bulk of its value for as long as you hold
               | it. Above all, it just needs to be predictable. Anything
               | else is honestly a non-goal. Your job as a participant in
               | the economy is to spend that money on basic needs or
               | invest it productively.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-
               | most-us...
        
               | o_p wrote:
               | But the central bank doesnt print money to throw it into
               | a vault. The commercial banks borrow that money to lend
               | it themselves to the people for consumption and
               | investing, so printing money definitely haves an effect
               | on your buying power even if its not 1 to 1.
               | 
               | Maybe you live in a country with a independent central
               | bank but many countries are far more corrupt and the
               | goverments make their central bank print money for
               | themselves and have huge inflation rates. Cryptocurrency
               | gives them a way to protect their savings from that.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | > But the central bank doesnt print money to throw it
               | into a vault.
               | 
               | Correct, _however_ US personal savings rates are at all-
               | time highs. [1] So, you are correct, the banks aren 't
               | taking the money and locking it into vaults. However,
               | people are taking _their_ money and locking it up in
               | savings accounts and investment accounts. This is
               | reducing velocity. The  "printing" was to offset this
               | reduction in velocity and avoid a deflationary spiral.
               | Through lending, so they can be used for productive
               | things.
               | 
               | This also explains how asset prices spiked without
               | actually causing inflation.
               | 
               | > Cryptocurrency gives them a way to protect their
               | savings from that.
               | 
               | I don't want to get too far down this rabbit hole, but
               | literally everything that isn't currency is inflation-
               | proof. Inflation only affects _currency_. So, if you buy
               | real estate, or stocks, or even un-productive assets like
               | gold, silver or cryptocurrencies, you 're equally
               | protected from inflation. It may underperform, but now
               | we're talking about rate of return in constant-dollar
               | terms.
               | 
               | Cryptocurrencies do protect you from inflation, yes, but
               | they have massive deficiencies that make them a poor
               | choice relative to their peer investments, in my opinion.
               | Such as the rampant fraud in the space. This hinders
               | price discovery, and makes it impossible to determine a
               | real value. It also causes massive swings of 27% week-to-
               | date. That's an annualized inflation rate of 25,000,000%
               | when measuring the value of a bitcoin against CPI.
               | 
               | [1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PSAVERT
        
               | seibelj wrote:
               | Out of all the things you can argue in defense of,
               | central banks printing money and handing it straight to
               | the richest people on earth has got to be one of the
               | weakest. "Just throw out the Venezuelan government!" If
               | only that were so easy. Meanwhile millions of people
               | starve to death! There really isn't a use for a monetary
               | unit decoupled from the government?
        
               | haolez wrote:
               | Time will tell. Let's come back here in five years.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | anyfoo wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflation#Effects
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | Kinrany wrote:
           | It does solve the problem of being unable to get a bank
           | account. In theory, once the scaling problems are solved and
           | the transactiom fees go down.
        
             | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
             | >It does solve the problem of being unable to get a bank
             | account. In theory, once the scaling problems are solved
             | and the transactiom fees go down.
             | 
             | You could say the same thing about Walmart's money orders
             | and check-cashing services, but that doesn't use an entire
             | country's worth of electricity, suck up the world's supply
             | of GPUs, or support the same number of scammers.
        
         | wickoff wrote:
         | It's understandable why people consider 100% of crypto to be a
         | scam.
         | 
         | But several projects have an actual P/E ratio now. You can't
         | deny a P/E ratio. Value is being created here.
         | 
         | In 2013 bubble everything was bitcoin clone but "better". No
         | cash flow. In 2017 it was unregulated securities - illegal, no
         | cash flow. In 2021 with Defi you don't need to struggle to
         | explain anything.
         | 
         | People get paid for providing capital at a higher rates than in
         | traditional finance because smart contracts are removing
         | friction. Stakeholders get paid dividends for governance, just
         | like a normal company.
        
           | meltedcapacitor wrote:
           | LOL defi is a neat idea but the current reality is order of
           | magnitude slower and orders of magnitude more expensive than
           | "legacy". It adds a lots of friction. Players "get paid"
           | because folks can't read smart contracts and see that behind
           | the cover story it's just flows from new players to exiting
           | players, which looks good as long as inflows are larger than
           | outflows, which of course will last forever.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | Can you please give specific examples which are enabling
           | things that aren't intra crypto speculation?
           | 
           | The only examples I've seen tend to be services that make
           | money off crypto investing, which is obviously circular:
           | those revenues ultimately depend on there actually being
           | value in crypto.
           | 
           | But perhaps there are cases I've missed.
        
           | Daishiman wrote:
           | > now. You can't deny a P/E ratio. Value is being created
           | here.
           | 
           | Which ones?
        
             | wickoff wrote:
             | https://sushi.com is the best example.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | Madoff had a price to earning ratio too. I don't think that
           | variable doesn't say what you think it does. Higher rates
           | implies more risk which certainly applies to
           | cryptocurrencies.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | > You can't deny a P/E ratio. Value is being created here.
           | 
           | Oh yes, yes you can. You're talking about a currency
           | exchange, not a commodity. I guess you weren't around for the
           | last two bubbles.
           | 
           | There literally is no value being created. Coinbase earnings
           | are based on people paying to use its service, and that
           | service is trading imaginary currency with no intrinsic
           | value. Unlike a semiconductor, oil, or even industrial labor.
        
             | lowdest wrote:
             | Coinbase provides KYC compliance which then gives it
             | government blessing to be a gateway between crypto and the
             | US dollar financial system. That is the value. Otherwise,
             | there are DApps that allow trading between cryptos and
             | don't require employees, offices, centralized server
             | infrastructure, etc. that would take the place of Coinbase.
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | it is value based on vaporware. don't be a K=1 thinker.
        
       | astoor wrote:
       | A successful pyramid scheme has a couple of valuable attributes:
       | "plausible deniability", i.e. the ability to disguise the pyramid
       | scheme to convince as many people as possible that it isn't
       | actually a pyramid scheme, and "self-sustainability", i.e. the
       | ability to keep the scheme going for as long as possible without
       | collapsing.
       | 
       | The article's headline suggests the article is about "plausible
       | deniability". This has indeed been improving over time as the
       | schemes have become more sophisticated. With Bitcoin for example,
       | articipants could say "it's not a pyramid scheme because you can
       | buy a pizza with it", although that was about the extent of it in
       | practical terms (excluding more nebulous claims like "it is going
       | to change the world", "it is the internet of money" etc.).
       | However, with more sophisticated schemes like Ethereum,
       | participants used to say things like "it's not a pyramid scheme
       | because you can run DApps on it", now say things like "it's not a
       | pyramid scheme because you can do DeFi with it", and may in
       | future have something else with which to deny it is a pyramid
       | scheme.
       | 
       | However, the article itself talks specifically about NFTs. These
       | aren't so much about "plausible deniability", but about "self-
       | sustainability". People need to buy Ethereum to buy the NFTs. It
       | is like the ICOs - people needed to buy Ethereum to participate
       | in the ICOs. When the ICOs dried up and the ICO companies started
       | cashing out their Ethereum the prices collapsed, but now we have
       | NFTs to take their place. If NFT sales dry up and NFT sellers
       | cash out the prices may collapse again, but by then there may be
       | something else to take their place and keep the scheme self-
       | sustaining.
        
       | diego wrote:
       | The author of the article may have some valid points, but she
       | doesn't understand crypto so she completely discounts any
       | mechanisms of value creation that might come from it. Near the
       | end of the article it gets really bad. She attempts to make the
       | case that paper menus are more efficient than apps, without doing
       | any math whatsoever:
       | 
       | > For example, delivery apps make it feel "easy" to order food,
       | when in fact we are spending much more in buying the phone,
       | keeping it charged, paying our data plan, paying our
       | subscriptions, and so on, for every order -- in other words, we
       | are using more hours of our labor to do so. Before smartphones,
       | we could call the restaurant with a landline, but we also had to
       | have previous knowledge of the restaurant as well as potentially
       | a menu or at least a phone book's yellow pages. The app replaces
       | the drawerful of menus with a commensurate amount of electricity,
       | which we pay for when we buy and charge our phone and pay our
       | phone bill, which the restaurant pays for on their end in keeping
       | their computers up, and which the app skims a huge percentage of
       | to pay back venture-capitalist investors and keep the servers
       | running.
       | 
       | If you look at only a single transaction, the app is much more
       | efficient: Instead of requiring the restaurant to hire a printer
       | and someone to deliver menus to you, you just press a button. But
       | with a paper menu, restaurants have to do that only once, whereas
       | you need to marshal the same amount of energy each time you use
       | the app. By the third or fourth time you order takeout from a
       | particular place, suddenly the paper menu is looking like an
       | ecological marvel.
        
         | scandox wrote:
         | I thought you were going to provide the math(s)? A little
         | disappointed.
        
           | diego wrote:
           | I'm just quoting her. My point is that she provides no math.
        
       | tfang17 wrote:
       | Every technology comes with good and bad. Better and more
       | rewarding to be an optimist!
        
         | kabdib wrote:
         | Comparing tulip bulbs and NFTs: With one of them you can grow a
         | flower, while the other isn't even good fertilizer.
         | 
         | In the past weeks I've seen a ton of ads (on Youtube, Twitter,
         | etc.) that look an awful lot like elements of pump-and-dump
         | schemes. Even to this financial idiot, the scam factor looks
         | very high.
        
       | badkitty99 wrote:
       | Crypto isn't for everyone, Karen
        
       | RichardHeart wrote:
       | People overpaying for serial numbers loosely related to jpgs is
       | terrible in my opinion. There's truly intelligent and useful
       | things going on in cryptocurrency. Don't like the bubbles?
       | There's billions in stable coins tied to the dollar, like the $11
       | billion in US based USDC. There's scams galore, just like in all
       | other markets, but this one actually makes technical progress day
       | by day.
        
         | dmitriid wrote:
         | > like the $11 billion in US based USDC.
         | 
         | "USDC is issued by regulated financial institutions, backed by
         | fully reserved assets, redeemable on a 1:1 basis for US
         | dollars"
         | 
         | $11 billion dollars in reserved assets? Instantly redeemable?
         | Why does this remind me of another scam with similarly "backed
         | by assets" USDTs
        
           | 0tt049 wrote:
           | Try to cash $11B out of a bank then
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | > Don't like the bubbles? There's billions in stable coins tied
         | to the dollar, like the $11 billion in US based USDC.
         | 
         | Unless I'm trying to avoid high transaction fees when
         | exchanging currency with an undeveloped banking system with
         | dollars, what's the point? My dollars already work fine, and
         | for large amounts, international wire transfers work well.
        
           | timbit42 wrote:
           | > My dollars already work fine
           | 
           | Only if you don't mind the deflation.
        
             | fwip wrote:
             | USDC is (supposedly) tied exactly to the price of USD. If
             | USD deflates, USDC deflates.
        
       | cevered wrote:
       | The more complex our global monetary system seems, the higher the
       | pyramid scheme can go.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | hparadiz wrote:
       | Why is this garbage on hacker news?
       | 
       | The author clearly doesn't understand crypto or how they work.
        
       | antpls wrote:
       | How one does explain that the price of Ethereum follows the price
       | of Bitcoin, while both networks are separated, and follow a
       | different roadmap?
        
         | vghhfvg wrote:
         | ETHBTC is up 40% this month. The chart is totally chaotic.
         | ETHUSD (sometimes) goes up after Bitcoin does because people
         | hear about ETH after they hear about bitcoin - most price
         | movements in either pair are due to new money. The prices of
         | all cryptocurrencies also respond together to any regulatory
         | threat.
         | 
         | The weak correlation between ETHUSD and BTCUSD has many obvious
         | explanations.
         | 
         | Most things crypto are suspicious. I don't think there is
         | anything suspicious about the ETHBTC chart.
         | 
         | Edit - This may be informative:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_(finance)
        
         | georgyo wrote:
         | Arbitrage.
         | 
         | Many exchanges deal only in crypto currencies, where exchange
         | rates are relative to other coins. Price differences between
         | both coins and exchanges create an ability for someone to make
         | money while equalizing the market.
         | 
         | It also means that all coins are inevitably linked together in
         | some way. And why obvious scam coins also follow same curves.
        
           | fighterpilot wrote:
           | Arbitrage isn't the fundamental explanation. There's no pure
           | arb relationship between ETH and BTC.
           | 
           | The real reason they're linked is for macro reasons. Hype for
           | ETH is correlated with hype for BTC. Regulatory environment
           | for ETH is correlated to that for BTC.
           | 
           | Statistical arbitraguers then front run the resulting macro
           | flows, but the core reason they're linked is the macro flows,
           | not the arbitrageurs.
        
         | shepardrtc wrote:
         | Market makers. They have to determine a price, but ETH hasn't
         | yet evolved to a point where it operates in its own world, so
         | they lazily (but understandably) follow the price fluctuations
         | of BTC while allowing people to buy or sell within a certain
         | range. Obviously if a huge buy comes in, or a lot of people are
         | buying, they'll let it go up (or down if its the opposite), but
         | once that dies down they'll again follow BTC price swings.
         | However, I expect this to change as cryptocurrencies mature.
        
           | fighterpilot wrote:
           | Market makers can't force a correlation to exist. They're
           | neither a sufficient or necessary condition for it. They only
           | front run an already existing correlation.
           | 
           | The correlation exists because of non market makers.
        
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