[HN Gopher] Earth Restored - 50 restored images of earth released
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Earth Restored - 50 restored images of earth released
        
       Author : cyberhost
       Score  : 384 points
       Date   : 2021-04-24 08:34 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tobyord.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tobyord.com)
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | Ugh, cannot zoom in or save on iOS (easily, but I better not
       | mention how in case they disable that workaround too)
        
       | jordemort wrote:
       | As a kid, I really wanted to be an astronaut. I didn't make it,
       | although I did go to Space Camp. It's mostly something I don't
       | think about anymore, until I see pictures like this - looking at
       | the entire planet just floating there in space does something to
       | my brain. I hope space tourism will become accessible to non-
       | billionaires in my lifetime!
        
         | quercusa wrote:
         | By middle school I knew I'd never be an astronaut but I would
         | have really liked to go to Space Camp.
        
       | quercusa wrote:
       | This is a great line:
       | 
       | >With great foresight, NASA equipped the astronauts with some of
       | the best cameras ever made -- specially modified Hasselblads,
       | with Zeiss lenses, and 70mm Kodak Ektachrome film.
        
       | proc0 wrote:
       | So stars are not visible from space? I'm assuming not because
       | they're not in the pictures, but because there are no pictures of
       | just stars from space, which I assume would be a point of
       | interest for any astronaut. That is weird, and I wonder if almost
       | every single sci-fi scene in space should have no stars as well.
        
         | evan_ wrote:
         | Stars are visible in space but the Earth is so bright that if
         | you expose it properly, the stars are underexposed. It's
         | basically the same reason we don't see the stars in the
         | daytime: the sun is much brighter.
        
           | proc0 wrote:
           | Right but does that mean astronauts don't see stars because
           | it's always "daytime" in space? If we can see the Milky Way
           | in the night sky of remote places away from cities, then the
           | atmosphere must be playing a huge role in allowing us to see
           | stars. I'm just wondering if those night skies are also
           | visible in space, perhaps from the dark side of the moon.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > then the atmosphere must be playing a huge role in
             | allowing us to see stars.
             | 
             | It does not. The Earth blocking out the light from the Sun
             | (and the side of the Earth facing it) does.
             | 
             | Of course, that _also_ works in space, and stars are
             | visible in space:
             | 
             | https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/stargazing-from-the-
             | inter...
        
       | shash7 wrote:
       | Great photos, and a great website too.
        
       | vegetablepotpie wrote:
       | It's hard to believe that it's been over 50 years since humans
       | have been outside of low earth orbit. It's like we sprinted
       | forward so fast, going from horse drawn carriage to space flight
       | in a generation, only to get frightened and recede back from the
       | highest point, never to go back.
       | 
       | Granted there has been an enormous amount of innovation in the
       | last 50 years, but by some accounts we've been going backwards.
       | Humans are no longer capable of mach 3 flight, or making Roman
       | concrete.
       | 
       | I think we assume that technology will keep progressing. We
       | assume Moore's law will continue into the future and we forget
       | that there are people behind the progress. The technology that
       | produced those pictures are gone, we might be able to take ones
       | like them again, but never with the same rockets and never with
       | the same photo-chemical processes. Progress is fragile, not
       | inevitable and everything we have can be lost in a generation
       | just as easily as it was made.
        
         | tomnipotent wrote:
         | > Humans are no longer capable of mach 3 flight, or making
         | Roman concrete
         | 
         | We have plenty of aircraft capable of mach 3 or faster just not
         | for commercial purposes, and most modern concrete is superior
         | to Roman concrete in most dimensions specifically cost (not to
         | mention its modern mythos is completely based on a single study
         | published in American Mineralogist).
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The supersonic passenger flight thing is the one I have to
           | really chuckle at. Nothing against the work being done in
           | this area--hey, not my money. But effectively you have lots
           | of folks, who probably mostly fly coach, super-excited that
           | maybe one day CEOs and high-end lawyers will once again be
           | able to fly from NY to London to have lunch, shake hands on a
           | deal, and be home in time for dinner.
        
             | curtainsforus wrote:
             | The passenger flight thing is the one I have to really
             | chuckle at. Nothing against the work being done in this
             | area--hey, not my money. But effectively you have lots of
             | folks, who probably mostly take trains, super-excited that
             | maybe one day CEOs and high-end lawyers will be able to fly
             | from NY to London.
        
               | flohofwoe wrote:
               | France is actually doing something very sensible here
               | (banning domestic flight between cities if the travel
               | time by train is under 2.5 hrs):
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56716708
        
               | anchpop wrote:
               | why is that sensible?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah. If there's good train service, it probably makes
               | more sense to take the train. But if I'm flying through a
               | city to get to another city, switching transportation
               | modes can be a pain. e.g. Normally I'd take a train from
               | (downtown) Manhattan to (downtown) Philadelphia. But if
               | I'm flying into a NYC airport on my way to Philadelphia,
               | that's a terrific hassle especially with luggage.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | You really need to take the power and "reality distortion
         | effect" of propaganda during the Cold War into account.
         | 
         | Massive projects were started without much rational sense just
         | to beat the other side in an imaginary race (and a very
         | concrete military race). What's the point of landing a man on
         | the moon, if the technology to do so was so rushed and held
         | together by duct tape that it wasn't useful for anything else?
         | What's the point of the Space Shuttle if launches were more
         | expensive than disposable rockets? What's the point of the
         | Buran, if the Soviets didn't feel like they need an answer to
         | the space shuttle "just in case", even though they couldn't see
         | any point in the shuttle design (except as a nuke carrier)?
         | 
         | Etc... etc... the list goes on for both sides. I rather have
         | slow and steady progress that actually makes economical and
         | scientific sense in the long run.
         | 
         | PS: I thought the secret of Roman concrete had been cracked
         | long ago (a certain type of volcanic ash)? But it's just not
         | economical to produce large quantities since modern sky
         | scrapers are not expected to "survive" for thousands of years
         | anyway (and AFAIK the Romans didn't know much about the special
         | properties of their concrete either, it more or less was a
         | "happy little accident").
        
           | leadingthenet wrote:
           | > since modern sky scrapers are not expected to "survive" for
           | thousands of years anyway
           | 
           | And maybe that's a problem! Why exactly are we not building
           | beautiful landmarks that will survive eons like the Romans
           | did?
           | 
           | We have a throwaway culture, and nobody ever dares question
           | it.
        
             | kingkawn wrote:
             | even more insidious is our culture of hollow sentimentality
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | I think you are suffering a bit from survivorship bias
             | here. Way less than 0.001% of Roman buildings are still
             | standing and the ones that remain have been continuously
             | maintained over the centuries. If humanity will keep
             | maintaining the White House for centuries it will look just
             | as good in 4021 as it does today.
        
               | jbay808 wrote:
               | It's mostly not survivorship bias, actually, and the ones
               | that remain _haven 't_ been continuously maintained over
               | the centuries. Many of the ones still standing today
               | suffered from centuries of neglect, damage in war and
               | rebellion, and even were actively looted for materials to
               | build other buildings from. Others just got gradually
               | buried by floods (or volcanos, etc) and are intact
               | underground.
        
               | leadingthenet wrote:
               | The White House is not a modernist / postmodernist
               | building that was designed with planned obsolescence in
               | mind, so I'm not entirely sure why you've used it as an
               | example. In fact, it's a perfect example of a beautiful
               | neoclassical landmark that was intended to inspire and
               | last through the ages.
               | 
               | Survivorship bias is always brought up in these
               | discussions, but I believe it to just be a cop-out. Take
               | a look at any well-preserved medieval / renaissance /
               | early industrial era city in Europe (Bruges, Edinburgh,
               | Venice). They are all absolutely gorgeous, even the
               | buildings used historically by the lower classes (ones
               | that were not even built with longevity in mind).
               | 
               | No, something flipped around the 1920s, and architecture,
               | along with our whole societal philosophy around it, has
               | clearly changed. I'd argue that it's for the worse.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Needs changeover time. Thick stone walls can provide
               | insulation, but their hell on WiFi etc.
               | 
               | Growing up in a 200+ year old building you find a lot of
               | architectural designs and modifications that don't fit
               | with modern usage. Pre AC maximizing summer cooling
               | involved maximizing airflow where now we want maximum
               | insulation. Before central heating we wanted chimney's
               | everywhere. And before wood stoves we wanted giant
               | fireplaces everywhere. Even central heating has gone
               | through several iterations, many different radiator
               | designs for steam/water, central air, and now a zigzag of
               | pipes underfloor.
               | 
               | Very old buildings may look nice, but they aren't
               | inherently better.
        
               | leadingthenet wrote:
               | > Very old buildings may look nice, but they aren't
               | inherently better
               | 
               | I never said they were. I only said that they were built
               | to last and that they were infinitely more aesthetically
               | pleasing because we actually gave a damn about these
               | things as a society. Now we don't.
               | 
               | Old buildings can be upgraded (I should know, I live in
               | one, and have both functional pipes, insulation, heating,
               | and Wi-Fi). So let's upgrade them, and let's ALSO ensure
               | that whatever we build today includes not only modern
               | amenities, but are also objects we can be proud of
               | leaving as a legacy to future generations. Just like our
               | ancestors did for literally millennia.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > we actually cared about this things as a society
               | 
               | No, the buildings that survived are generally more
               | aesthetically pleasing, most old buildings where shacks.
               | Walk around an old plantation for example and the slaves
               | quarters didn't survive. Search around for some original
               | outhouses and you realize what survived isn't simply
               | representative of what was built.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | > In fact, it's a perfect example of a beautiful
               | neoclassical landmark that was intended to inspire and
               | last through the ages.
               | 
               | I'm going to go out on a limb here, and guess that you've
               | never been to the White House: it's a mildewed, creaky
               | mess that was gutted twice (once by war[1], again to
               | prevent it from collapsing under its own misdesign[2]).
               | It undergoes constant, active maintenance, and is not
               | intended by any means to "last through the ages."
               | 
               | But to get to the actual point: the neoclassical style is
               | built on a historical lens. It takes classical
               | architecture _on face value_ , as it was in the 18th
               | century (i.e., weather-washed and in ruins). Its appliers
               | wanted to promote their interpretation of classical
               | greatness, which corresponds in no particular way to the
               | _actual_ greatness of cultures in the classical period.
               | The Romans would have laughed at our neoclassical use of
               | blindingly white marble[3].
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812
               | 
               | [2]:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Reconstruction
               | 
               | [3]: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prms/hd_prms.htm
        
             | flohofwoe wrote:
             | That way lies a slippery slope ;) It's pretty close to the
             | "Ruinenwerttheorie" of the German Nazis:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruin_value
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | curtainsforus wrote:
               | From the first wikipedia paragraph, I don't see anything
               | wrong with building things so they'll look cool a) when
               | they're maintained and in use and b) when they're badly
               | maintained and crumbling. I'll take 'Ruinenwerttheorie'
               | buildings over brutalist concrete piles that look
               | disgusting the day they're built and worse as they age.
               | 
               | The 3rd Reich had a lot of problems, but they had some
               | good aesthetics (Huge Boss, etc). To ignore that, and
               | shun a whole realm of aesthetics because it was
               | appreciated by The Devil, is a waste and a poor strategic
               | move; you're abandoning the beautiful elements because
               | they had the misfortune to be mixed into a dark brew.
               | It's an artistic tragedy, and a poor political move,
               | putting you in a similar spot to the 3rd Reich themselves
               | with regards to their ideas about 'degenerate art'.
               | 
               | The height of technology, and we cloak ourselves in
               | ugliness and mediocrity, not daring to build anything
               | beautiful. What a fucking waste. The sorts of small-
               | souled people who build modern western identikit cities
               | don't deserve to go to the moon.
        
               | flohofwoe wrote:
               | I think the point is that it takes a sort of hubris
               | that's quite typical for autocratic regimes to show off
               | to the rest of the world - and future generations - with
               | gigantomanic architecture.
               | 
               | IMHO a healthy society should be "above" this sort of
               | stuff.
        
               | leadingthenet wrote:
               | Instead of showing off to the rest of the world, we
               | should ensure that people feel oppressed and demoralized
               | by their every day surroundings. That'll show those
               | autocrats!
        
               | curtainsforus wrote:
               | What we have in our oh-so-humble and "advanced" society
               | is the children of corbusier making horrendous buildings
               | that make the people with no choice but to live in them
               | miserable.
               | 
               | Is the parthenon gigantomanic? Is this?
               | https://cdn.lifedaily.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2019/01/22-most...
               | 
               | Is this? https://preview.redd.it/hkwpt88wasv41.jpg?width=
               | 1024&auto=we...
               | 
               | Or this? https://blog.eurail.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2016/07/Florence-...
               | 
               | Because I know a city made of buildings like the above is
               | far more conducive to human dignity than a grid of
               | "humble" glass boxes.
               | 
               | Should we all be living in and surrounded by identikit,
               | homogenous apartments? Except for the architects and the
               | rich, of course; they get to have centuries-old country
               | mansions to flee to.
               | 
               | It isn't humble to humiliate people by making them to
               | live in concrete and glass cages.
        
               | flohofwoe wrote:
               | I don't quite understand how y'all came to the conclusion
               | that I want people to live in ugly glass and concrete
               | blocks :)
               | 
               | I _do_ doubt however that many people today would want to
               | live in genuine old buildings with the outhouse toilet
               | across the yard. It 's more likely that they want to live
               | in a modern flat built into the hull of an old building.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | Brutalism was adopted by the Soviets, who were also
               | pretty oppressive.
               | 
               | I'd rather live in a beautiful building than a concrete
               | square. The idea that people should live in purely
               | functional environments with no room for beauty or art is
               | a purely modernist idea.
        
               | pmarreck wrote:
               | I might be a minority opinion but I think brutalist
               | architecture can be beautiful. My local library
               | (https://www.yelp.com/biz/port-washington-public-library-
               | port...) is quite brutalist but is also one of my
               | favorite libraries. Its reading room alone (the library
               | sits up on a hill and the reading room has one wall of
               | all-glass-and-concrete which looks out onto Manhasset
               | Bay) is amazing.
               | 
               | Actually, it seems that it crept back into vogue while I
               | wasn't paying attention!:
               | https://www.gq.com/story/9-brutalist-wonders-of-the-
               | architec...
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | Taste is individual, but I just don't understand how you
               | could find a heap of concrete slabs to be beautiful. To
               | me, beauty is life-affirming, and brutalism is the
               | physical embodiment of a philosophy that denies life in
               | favour of rigid functional structure. It's the physical
               | representation of kafkaesque bureaucracy.
        
               | pmarreck wrote:
               | I'm glad you're respecting taste, especially when you're
               | throwing such anthropomorphological argument against it
               | ;)
               | 
               | I'm not sure why there is such a significant aesthetic
               | difference between cutting stones and stacking them
               | (masonry architecture) and filling the exact same form
               | with concrete, especially when the latter is usually far
               | more robust and thus, safer (read: _actually_ life-
               | affirming, by being neither flammable nor easily
               | collapsible, if designed right) and also permitting
               | structural forms that are simply not possible using any
               | other medium
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | Architecture follows philosophy. Skyscrapers
               | (internationalist style) and large curved glass buildings
               | (modernist style) have the same core philosophy as
               | neoliberalism, for instance. Brutalism came about as an
               | explicit rejection of aesthetics and "higher purpose" to
               | building facades - an idea deeply rooted in materialist
               | philosophy, hence its adaptation by the Soviets. The
               | grandparent comment demonstrates this perfectly: "IMHO a
               | healthy society should be "above" this sort of stuff".
               | Your argument to building materials is also an example of
               | this - while it's true, it is reductionist; living in a
               | concrete jungle is not better than living in a wooden
               | fishing village just because the materials are less
               | flammable.
               | 
               | The philosophy of architecture isn't really a
               | "anthropomorphological argument" when architecture exists
               | for humans, at the behest of humans, and represents human
               | values. The idea that a building is just a box that
               | people exist in is itself a philosophical position, one
               | that is exemplified by brutalism, and one that I and many
               | other people are opposed to.
        
           | astroflask wrote:
           | > What's the point of the Space Shuttle if launches were more
           | expensive than disposable rockets? What's the point of the
           | Buran, if the Soviets didn't feel like they need an answer to
           | the space shuttle "just in case", even though they couldn't
           | see any point in the shuttle design (except as a nuke
           | carrier)?
           | 
           | Rather than nukes, I always thought the main advantage of the
           | Shuttle was the ability to bring things back to Earth. Which
           | it did, a few times:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-32
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-A
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-57
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-72
           | 
           | When then Shuttle was proposed, this was one of the main
           | selling points. Having used it just 4 times over 133
           | missions... Well, that's not what was envisioned.
        
             | Bjartr wrote:
             | One designed advantage that, AFAIK, was never leveraged is
             | the ability to launch to space and land in a single orbit.
        
             | flohofwoe wrote:
             | AFAIK the Russians were mainly concerned about the ability
             | of the Space Shuttle to quickly change its orbital plane,
             | combined with the planned high frequency of flights (which
             | never happened though) and high cargo capacity.
             | 
             | Put a few nukes on the Shuttle, and you can drop them
             | anywhere in the world with much less warning time than
             | intercontinental ballistic missiles. At least that's what I
             | read about the reasoning of the Russians building their own
             | shuttle, because when they ran the numbers on the Space
             | Shuttle they concluded that a "civilian use" didn't make
             | much sense.
        
               | astroflask wrote:
               | Changing orbital plane requires delta V, and the Shuttle
               | had barely enough to make it to LEO (the highest it ever
               | went was servicing the Hubble).
               | 
               | Cargo capacity... Not that much really, since you're
               | carrying yourself a whole lot of orbiter already. It had
               | a large volume in the cargo bay, and the mentioned
               | ability to retrieve things in that cargo bay.
               | 
               | But yes, DoD/military influenced the design of the
               | Shuttle. It just turns out they never used the
               | capabilities they requested. And so you end up with a
               | craft that makes little sense for civilian use, except
               | for the building of a massive space station in orbit and
               | eventual servicing of satellites.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Would the ISS be possible without the Shuttle?
        
               | rainbowzootsuit wrote:
               | From some distant memory the dimensions of the Space
               | Shuttle cargo bay was specifically matched to accommodate
               | the launch and servicing of the Hubble Space telescope.
               | I'm not sure which design drove which.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | The HST was a close variant of various military spy
               | satellites. The difference is that it was pointed into
               | space, as opposed to towards Earth.
               | 
               | Consider that a large number of Shuttle missions were
               | classified, then put two and two together...
        
           | inimino wrote:
           | > without much rational sense just to beat the other side
           | 
           | Assumes that just beating the other side was not a sufficient
           | rational motive. Which, given that the threat both sides
           | faced was "you and your way of life will be utterly
           | obliterated", is a pretty irrational criticism.
           | 
           | What's the point of <X>, if <something we only learned by
           | doing X>? There's tremendous hindsight bias in criticising
           | even the Shuttle program on the basis of what we know _now_ ,
           | while disregarding the value of everything we learned from
           | doing it.
           | 
           | Even copying another country's technology on the basis of
           | speculative military applications may not be irrational,
           | unless you're somehow privy to all the knowledge that was
           | available at the time when those decisions were made.
           | 
           | The remarkable MAD doctrine itself can be criticised as
           | inhumane or insane, but hardly irrational. It's a triumph of
           | rationality and a counter-intuitive application of game
           | theory, the iron laws of mathematics elevated to places where
           | we really would rather see common sense and humanity prevail.
        
           | projectileboy wrote:
           | For what it's worth, the space race along with the desire to
           | build up missile technology in general are the reason we have
           | computers today as we know them. Not many people outside of
           | the space and defense industries were willing to shell out
           | buckets of cash for a single transistor.
        
         | jeromenerf wrote:
         | Meanwhile a little copter is spinning its wings. On Mars. Mars
         | dammit.
        
         | hyko wrote:
         | Technology has not regressed since the 1970s though. We have
         | the latent capability to go any time we want, it's just very
         | expensive and there's no point.
        
           | pbronez wrote:
           | Still planning to do it again within the next decade just to
           | reassure ourselves about it.
        
             | hyko wrote:
             | The most expensive reality TV show ever made.
        
             | willis936 wrote:
             | Actually doing it is important. "I can go to the moon
             | anytime I want" stops being true after a solid generation
             | of not doing it. There is institutional knowledge in doing
             | something in the present world. Further, specs and
             | documents are nice, but rarely sufficient. A famous example
             | is the F-1 engine. Every one of them was made off spec and
             | if you took the factory drawings alone you would never make
             | a working engine. You need builders who understand the
             | design and modify it.
             | 
             | It's all possible to do this, but the longer you wait to do
             | it again, the more factors change and the more work it will
             | be.
             | 
             | NIF exists to keep a team of nuclear bomb experts warm in
             | case we need them. It isn't to make a power plant or to
             | make new bombs; it's just there to keep the kettle warm.
             | 
             | Anecdote: I work at a physics project. When the PI asked
             | for 200 million USD to build a new machine after 20 years
             | they were awarded 3 millions USD to do an upgrade to the
             | old machine. The funders are making sure that a team can
             | still be assembled and get shit done under the PI's
             | leadership. If the upgrade goes on time and on budget then
             | the new machine might be on the table.
             | 
             | The same thing is going on with many physics projects.
             | Small prototypes get funded. "If you can make that and it
             | works, then we'll talk about the next step." It's slow, but
             | it's safe.
        
               | astroflask wrote:
               | For SLS a group looked into making boosters powered by
               | modernized F-1's... Turns out a lot of knowledge about
               | welding them had been lost. They managed to get an old
               | unflown F-1A to work, but it's a bit unclear how much
               | they managed to do with the new design, the F-1B.
               | Wikipedia[0] has a few details and some links, but it
               | falls short of telling the end fate of this effort.
               | 
               | Obviously, the F-1B booster wasn't picked for the SLS and
               | they went with the improved 5-segment SRBs[1].
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocketdyne_F-1#F-1B_booster
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Roc
               | ket_Boo...
        
               | sfifs wrote:
               | > Actually doing it is important. "I can go to the moon
               | anytime I want" stops being true after a solid generation
               | of not doing it. There is institutional knowledge in
               | doing something in the present world. Further, specs and
               | documents are nice, but rarely sufficient. A famous
               | example is the F-1 engine. Every one of them was made off
               | spec and if you took the factory drawings alone you would
               | never make a working engine. You need builders who
               | understand the design and modify it
               | 
               | And I'd argue that's exactly why I'd argue the
               | fundamental approach of the 60s/70s rocket engineers was
               | fundamentally flawed. It was a vanity project and so it
               | died after vanity was satisfied.
               | 
               | The assembly line and standardisation approach SpaceX
               | takes is much superior and much more sustainable.
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | I agree. Importantly Space-X's engines are actually
               | cutting edge. They are the best performers man has made,
               | so we're not walking backwards. However, that progress
               | was not guaranteed and if we stopped all space travel for
               | fifty years there would need to be another monumental
               | effort to relearn how to build rockets.
               | 
               | I play with CRTs as a hobby. It's popular these days, but
               | it will never be popular enough to manufacture another
               | CRT. The last assembly lines closed a decade ago. The
               | physics knowledge is there, and electronics have gotten
               | better, but it would take many iterations to make a
               | trinitron equivalent in another 20 years. The people who
               | understood the magnetics (ie how horizontal output
               | transistor and flyback transformer characteristics
               | interacted with the impedance of the steering coils) are
               | dead or retired. The same for the experts in mask
               | manufacturing. We can figure it all out again and do it
               | better than ever, but it would be a lot more work than if
               | we had continued making them.
               | 
               | Again, it'll never happen because they're too big and
               | require too much material compared to other display
               | technologies. It's just interesting how fast they
               | disappeared when they were an integral part of human
               | society for nearly all of the 20th century.
        
               | hyko wrote:
               | I agree that there's probably not much value in just
               | retreading the old specs, but I'd argue that just having
               | the knowledge that it has been achieved in practice still
               | puts you ahead of the engineers in 1961, and that the
               | intervening decades of progress put you even further
               | ahead.
               | 
               | There's no reason to think that an equally well funded
               | greenfield effort couldn't land on the moon from a
               | standing start within a decade; it's not like we're
               | living in the shadow of an ancient advanced civilisation
               | with no present day industrial capacity.
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | No and I agree. Saying that we've regressed in rocket
               | science or concrete in any capacity is a fantasy.
               | However, if things go stale then we could be forced to
               | invest a lot of money to discover things we've already
               | discovered.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | I think it's a case of picking the low hanging fruits once the
         | technology is unlocked, then moving on.
         | 
         | We have the same not only with space but with everything.
         | 
         | Steampunk is essentially the feature we never had with advanced
         | enough mechanical machines. Somehow we sprinted towards
         | harnessing the energy of the steam stoping short from coal
         | powered AI robots but was that the case? IMHO what happened is,
         | we exploited the feasible part and moved on.
         | 
         | The same with space. With the science and tech we harnessed so
         | far, it's simply not feasible to do more than what we have done
         | already. With the advancements made in recent decades, some
         | more stuff might have moved within the range of feasible but
         | nothing revolutionary. We are not going to the nearest star
         | anytime soon and that's not simply because we lost interest in
         | it. The best we probably can do in human travel is Mars.
        
         | pimlottc wrote:
         | > I think we assume that technology will keep progressing. We
         | assume Moore's law will continue into the future and we forget
         | that there are people behind the progress. The technology that
         | produced those pictures are gone, we might be able to take ones
         | like them again, but never with the same rockets and never with
         | the same photo-chemical processes. Progress is fragile, not
         | inevitable and everything we have can be lost in a generation
         | just as easily as it was made.
         | 
         | It's good to be aware of our blindspots. The idea of progress
         | as a monotonically increasing upward trend is a very modern and
         | Western perspective. It's not inevitable.
        
         | 2III7 wrote:
         | If you had the money, you could rent a rocket from SpaceX and
         | send a film camera to take more pictures. But what would be the
         | point?
        
         | avereveard wrote:
         | such a nihilistic view has little ground in reality
         | 
         | > been outside of low earth orbit
         | 
         | we stopped pushing that frontier because we've been there and
         | found it dull and empty, as a matter of fact, we decided zero g
         | experiment were more important than playing with regolith, and
         | build a freaking human habitat in the void to support that
         | endeavor. beside, we've got regolith here on earth now, we can
         | experiment on it in the commodity of our backyard if needed be.
         | 
         | > mach 3 flight
         | 
         | except the routine space launches that ship scientist back and
         | forth from the space station, going through literal plasma on
         | the descent leg.
         | 
         | > Roman concrete
         | 
         | this has just been widely romanticized, we don't use that
         | because it's incompatible with fast building processes
         | requirements, is too heavy for large structures and it's hard
         | to dismantle when a structure is no longer needed or need
         | renovation.
         | 
         | sure, some other stuff one can cite as having reached an
         | apparent sub-optimal minima, like average speed of travel, but
         | that's not because we're backward, it's because we're learning
         | to take care of our own environment. slowly, but we're getting
         | there. just because the tradeoff are different it doesn't mean
         | that a golf id3 is just worse than a bugatti eb110 or a recess
         | from peak technology.
        
           | Griffinsauce wrote:
           | Your last point resonated with me. An extremely boring
           | electric car that makes some significant leap in
           | affordability, efficiency or whatever can be the thing that
           | brings our entire society forward and literally saves it.
           | 
           | If anything you can argue that the latest Bugatti with a
           | slightly larger engine is moving us _backwards_ by the waste
           | of resources (in design, production and use).
           | 
           | Peak technology right now is not the big sexy machine, it's
           | whatever makes the good stuff boring for the masses.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | The primary purpose of ISS is to be a jobs program, not
           | scientific experimentation. The Russians are involved
           | specifically to keep their engineers from going to work for
           | hostile states.
        
             | Kye wrote:
             | They're learning all kinds of things by seeing how plants
             | grow in microgravity and more recently how 3D printers work
             | in the same. It didn't need to cost a trillion dollars for
             | that, but now that it's there, we might just get over a
             | trillion dollars worth of science out of it.
        
             | avereveard wrote:
             | But still, we're to the point where not a state, not a
             | government entity, but a rich, bored dude is sending people
             | into space as a viable business model
             | 
             | Thinking our space tech is going backwards is severely
             | myopic
        
         | himinlomax wrote:
         | People have been hiking to the top of mount Everest for a while
         | now, but you still can't ask an Uber to take you there.
         | 
         | Because there isn't much worthwhile to do there, the
         | interesting thing is going there, not being there. At the
         | moment. When/if it can be done for cheap and on the regular,
         | there might be stuff to do.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Humans _are_ capable of Mach 3 flight. It 's just a "latent"
         | capability. Something we could do but is not currently cost-
         | effective.
         | 
         | > The technology that produced those pictures are gone, we
         | might be able to take ones like them again, but never with the
         | same rockets and never with the same photo-chemical processes.
         | 
         | You can never step in the same river twice, and we are all
         | mortal. This is just a statement about the passage of time.
         | 
         | > Progress is fragile, not inevitable and everything we have
         | can be lost in a generation just as easily as it was made.
         | 
         | This, on the other hand, is important, and why it's important
         | not to let people wreck it by lying about everything.
         | 
         | Worth questioning the "whig view of history" backwards as well;
         | a lot of what we call progress had very large costs for certain
         | groups of people at the time and made their lives worse. Or got
         | them killed.
        
         | astroflask wrote:
         | Okay, I came here to talk about how the images are a bit soft
         | and a quick, subtle pass of Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
         | restores some detail (and enhances the film grain, that's a
         | plus for me but some people may find it a bit too much -- it is
         | still there in the pictures though).
         | 
         | And then I read your comment and you totally throw me into a
         | Wikipedia rabbit hole with the Roman concrete... Speaking of
         | which, what do you mean we can't make Roman concrete nowadays?
         | Wikipedia even says that there are corporations and
         | municipalities looking into it as a viable, environmental-
         | friendly, long-lasting alternative to regular concrete[0] !
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_concrete#Modern_use
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | It's essentially an old meme; the exact details _had_ been
           | lost, since the technology was not in continuous use and no
           | written record survived, but the footnote on Wikipedia
           | details its reconstruction. This great paper: https://pubs.ge
           | oscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/98/10/166...
           | 
           | Essentially it relied on volcanic ash from specific
           | locations, and they forensically traced those locations.
        
             | astroflask wrote:
             | Right, that's the impression I got from reading. And it
             | looks like we have regained that technology, which is what
             | threw me off the remark. Will take a look at that paper,
             | however I'm totally a stranger to most geo-something
             | sciences, just a regular software engineer here (with quite
             | a bit of scientific curiosity though).
        
       | ascar wrote:
       | > "I was guided throughout by two principles:
       | 
       | - be true to the photographs
       | 
       | - be true to the Earth
       | 
       | [...]
       | 
       | The main changes I made were:
       | 
       | [...]
       | 
       | - adjusting the black point until the background of space appears
       | truly black"
       | 
       | These shots are beautiful, but is making the background
       | completely black really doing reality justice? In our
       | unfortunately light polluted night sky we can barely see the
       | stars, but shouldn't the astronauts see the earth within a
       | shimmer of billion stars? Or is the source material not showing
       | stars due to a lack of exposure?
        
         | enriquto wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure that some images have had the blue color
         | enhanced. The oceans look a dullish gray from space, not blue.
        
         | astroflask wrote:
         | > In our unfortunately light polluted night sky we can barely
         | see the stars, but shouldn't the astronauts see the earth
         | within a shimmer of billion stars?
         | 
         | No, you have to be in the night side, or looking into the void
         | (no Earth surface visible, definitely not the Sun in sight, not
         | any part of your spacecraft being shined upon) for your eyes to
         | adjust to the darkness and then you get to see the stars. Being
         | near the Moon, I'd add "no moon surface" to that list.
         | 
         | > Or is the source material not showing stars due to a lack of
         | exposure?
         | 
         | I'm not sure there... Film behaves differently than image
         | sensors. Maybe if we had access to the negatives you could do
         | some chemical magic to bring in detail. I don't know how
         | hard/destructive that could be on the negatives, as film isn't
         | a medium I've ever really used. Grew up in the 90's with a few
         | film cameras, but digital took over before I had the chance to
         | seriously get into photography and was also far cheaper (so,
         | easier to pick up as a hobby for a teenager). Now I'm into
         | digital image processing and that's a totally different beast
         | on its own.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | A bright moon surface and fully lit Earth hanging in the sky is
         | also a sort of "light pollution" for the human eye ;) (at least
         | it will cause the pupil to close and let less light through,
         | tuning out the dim stars, same effect why there are no stars in
         | the moon photos). Of course I haven't been to the moon so far
         | and can't really know what the sky actually looks like during
         | "moon day" :)
        
       | tubabyte wrote:
       | > Collins, who remained in orbit on the Command Module, is behind
       | the lens. Every other human is in front of it.
       | 
       | This caption is so powerful.
        
         | enriquto wrote:
         | Climb a hill and take a photo of the floor with your telephone.
         | If there are no planes/spatial stations nearby, then you'll
         | have the same thing.
        
           | willis936 wrote:
           | If you have a 179.99 degree wide angle lens.
        
             | enriquto wrote:
             | Not sure how does the lens angle change the front/back
             | position of the objects around it. But still; cheaper than
             | a whole space program ;)
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | I was thinking the meaning of the caption was ray tracing
               | light through the lens from a single point on one side. I
               | suppose you could stick your head in a fishbowl that is
               | sitting on the ground to get the same effect, as long as
               | there are no planes or manned spacecraft directly above
               | you.
               | 
               | Technically you can do that with a planar lens if you
               | stick your eyeball onto the lens.
        
             | yoavm wrote:
             | well technically, everyone else would still be in front the
             | lens regardless of how wide it is.
        
           | ape4 wrote:
           | Good point. Clearly us humans are not spread out enough.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Xophmeister wrote:
         | I was going to post exactly the same thing. It's such an
         | understated way of phrasing it and a really beautiful photo. I
         | wonder how Collins felt? There's a quote from him on the page,
         | but it's more about the photo rather than himself. Surely
         | that's been discussed...
        
           | embedded_hiker wrote:
           | Collins wrote a book about his experiences - more of an
           | autobiography up to 1974. He talks about this.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_the_Fire
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | If he had taken a selfie it would be a photo with every human
         | in front of the lens.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | runj__ wrote:
       | I cried a little at the the shot of the lander and earth from the
       | command module, the thought of every single other human in the
       | same frame is just too much.
        
       | loudlambda wrote:
       | How does this picture make any sense? Europe, Asia, Both
       | America's, and Australia all fit on the other half?
       | 
       | https://static1.squarespace.com/static/562652dbe4b05bbfdc596...
        
         | alexjudson wrote:
         | Keep in mind that you are not seeing a complete "half" of the
         | earth in this picture. As your distance increases, the
         | effective horizon encompasses more of the surface. Only at
         | infinite distance would you see exactly half of a sphere
         | (mathematically speaking).
         | 
         | Try taking a picture of your globe closer and closer to the
         | surface and watch as less of the surface is visible in each.
        
         | projectileboy wrote:
         | The Pacific Ocean is enormous.
        
         | shawncampbell wrote:
         | Yes, they do. Try orienting the globe for yourself here:
         | 
         | https://www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/solarSystem/Interac...
        
           | loudlambda wrote:
           | You're right! But with my globe at home, and that site you
           | listed, at the same angle I can clearly see part of India and
           | Australia, it's weird that they don't seem to show up in this
           | picture.
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | If you get closer and widen the lens, you will see an
             | arbitrarily small portion of the earth as you approach it.
        
       | abhayhegde wrote:
       | Site seems to be down.
        
       | mzz wrote:
       | There's so much more art in nature itself than it is art.
       | 
       | By the way, his book "The Precipice" is quite worthwhile to read!
        
       | faebi wrote:
       | Beautiful. I would like to buy them as posters. Is it possible to
       | buy these somewhere?
        
       | st_goliath wrote:
       | In case you are interested in more photographs from the Apollo
       | missions, back in 2015, NASA released a whole digitized archive:
       | 
       | https://www.flickr.com/photos/projectapolloarchive/albums
       | 
       | The link is from a hand full at the bottom of the article, where
       | it also lists other archive overview pages and leads to ~15k
       | scanned photos.
        
         | astroflask wrote:
         | From the lengthy blog post under the images, it'd seem he used
         | those archives. I have the impression that I've seen these
         | pictures as TIF files instead of JPGs somewhere (the Internet
         | Archive perhaps?), but I can't remember precisely now. Maybe
         | the author used those, as I imagine they'd give a bit more
         | leeway and flexibility in a restoration effort.
        
       | sizzzzlerz wrote:
       | Missing is the Voyager 1 image looking back to Earth from 4
       | billion miles, the one referred to by Carl Sagan as "the pale
       | blue dot, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam". It doesn't have
       | the resolution these images have but it's impact on our
       | civilization is over-whelming.
        
         | dieortin wrote:
         | Would you happen to have a link?
        
           | pomian wrote:
           | Here is one: https://www.planetary.org/worlds/pale-blue-dot
        
           | richthedev wrote:
           | Here's one https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pale-blue-dot-
           | revisited
        
       | timdaub wrote:
       | I always wonder what happens to you psychologically when you see
       | something like this. As one of the astronauts I mean.
       | 
       | Surely, once you've returned, nothing will be as it used to.
        
         | ernopp wrote:
         | I love this quote from Edgar Mitchell (Apollo 14) on seeing
         | Earth from the Moon:
         | 
         | You develop an instant global consciousness, a people
         | orientation, an intense dissatisfaction with the state of the
         | world, and a compulsion to do something about it. From out
         | there on the moon, international politics look so petty. You
         | want to grab a politician by the scruff of the neck and drag
         | him a quarter of a million miles out and say, "Look at that,
         | you son of a bitch."
        
         | Leszek wrote:
         | It's called the "overview effect":
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overview_effect
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | I can get just a tiny grasp of the power of that sight just
           | by looking at the photos, and can't imagine what would be
           | like experiencing it in 1st person. This brings the hope that
           | one day when every human would be able to experience it,
           | we'll create a utopistic Trek-ish reality in which people
           | suddenly become less selfish and put the common good above
           | idiocies such as nationalism or the pursuit of immense wealth
           | at the expense of others. Hopefully one day seeing the Earth
           | from orbit will become sort of a rite of passage for kids.
        
           | ernopp wrote:
           | I wonder how we could get more people to experience this
           | effect... Something like what Stewart Brand did by pushing
           | for and publicising the first whole earth picture (in part
           | via the Whole Earth Catalog) but more for the internet age.
           | 
           | I was toying with an idea of a site called "Get Some
           | Perspective" where you'd start off with a FPS view and as you
           | scroll you gradually zoom out, eventually to the whole
           | observable universe. You could send this link to people if
           | they're being short-sighted, callous, etc and hopefully
           | instill a bit of the Overview effect in them...
        
             | quercusa wrote:
             | In case you've never seen it, check out the Eames's _Powers
             | of Ten_.
        
             | distances wrote:
             | I think you're toying with the dangerous Total Perspective
             | Vortex [0] as described by Douglas Adams:
             | 
             |  _The Vortex is now used as a torture and (in effect)
             | killing device on the planet Frogstar B. The prospective
             | victim of the TPV is placed within a small chamber wherein
             | is displayed a model of the entire universe - together with
             | a microscopic dot on a microscopic dot bearing the legend
             | "you are here." The sense of perspective thereby conveyed
             | destroys the victim's mind; it was stated that the TPV is
             | the only known means of crushing a man's soul._
             | 
             | [0] https://hitchhikers.fandom.com/wiki/Total_Perspective_V
             | ortex
        
               | geoduck14 wrote:
               | This will crush your soul if you consider you are
               | insignificant, but let me help.
               | 
               | The entire universe is ENORMOUS and we are but tiny
               | specks. But the same God who made all of that, made us,
               | too. And that same God knows us by name and wants to have
               | a relationship with us.
               | 
               | Be God's friend.
        
             | bboreham wrote:
             | Prior art: the "Total Perspective Vortex" https://hitchhike
             | rs.fandom.com/wiki/Total_Perspective_Vortex
        
         | curtainsforus wrote:
         | I'm sure it's hyped up to the point that if you went up there,
         | expecting a cosmic experience, you'd be disappointed.
        
         | curtainsforus wrote:
         | I'm sure it's hyped up to the point that if you went up there,
         | expecting a cosmic experience, having imagined and simulated it
         | a million times, you'd be disappointed by the reality.
        
           | geoduck14 wrote:
           | I'm ready to be disappointed.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I used to think that about the Grand Canyon, then I went.
           | Nope, it's just as impressive as they say being there
           | experiencing it in person vs looking at all of the
           | videos/images available. Seeing an image that required a
           | special lens to take it all in looks nice. Standing in the
           | same spot the camera was is a completely different experience
           | when you have to turn your head left/right to see the same
           | thing the image does. Anyone that says different has not
           | actually taken the pepsi challenge
        
       | ranguna wrote:
       | Beautiful shots.
        
       | ThinkingGuy wrote:
       | Amazing article and incredible pictures, but this one line has me
       | scratching my head:
       | 
       |  _" Only 24 people have journeyed far enough to see the whole
       | Earth against the black of space_"
       | 
       | The Apollo missions from 8 through 17, with the exception of
       | Apollo 9 (LM test in Earth orbit), all reached lunar orbit, even
       | if 8, 10, and 13 didn't actually land. Each carried 3 crew
       | members. Doesn't that make 27 people?
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | Three crew members went twice.
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | I can't stand SPA's.
       | 
       | I can't link anyone to any specific photo because the URL doesn't
       | update when the view does.
       | 
       | Beautiful photos though
        
       | protoman3000 wrote:
       | Unbelievable that all life there ever was, is contained on this
       | little marble.
        
         | driggs wrote:
         | Given the scope of the universe, and aided by the perspective
         | of photos like these, many would certainly describe this idea -
         | that life has only ever existed and will only ever exist on
         | Earth - as "unbelievable".
        
       | petee wrote:
       | My first reaction was that this was a set of AI generated photos
       | of what earth looked like if we hadn't been developing it, like
       | restored to nature.
       | 
       | But I certainly wasn't disappointed. Very beautiful
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
       | Haha is that what they're calling it now? "Restored"?
        
       | matsemann wrote:
       | I once saw a video (reenactment but original voices maybe?) of
       | how one of these images was taken. How the earth appeared over
       | the horizon and they scrambled to find a camera or so. Anyone
       | knows which video I'm talking about and could help me find it?
       | 
       | Edit: finding out the picture in question had a name, Earthrise,
       | made it easier to find. Here's the video
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dE-vOscpiNc
        
         | pimlottc wrote:
         | Wow, what a great video, very cool how they combined the
         | original photos, mission audio and 3D models of the lunar
         | surface. Thanks for the link!
        
       | mattvot wrote:
       | Don't just look at the photos. Read the commentary. Adds an extra
       | level of awe.
        
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       (page generated 2021-04-24 23:01 UTC)