[HN Gopher] Does Andy Warhol get same copyright treatment as Goo...
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       Does Andy Warhol get same copyright treatment as Google code?
        
       Author : DyslexicAtheist
       Score  : 41 points
       Date   : 2021-04-23 20:50 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.hollywoodreporter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.hollywoodreporter.com)
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | Quoting Google v. Oracle is really grasping at straws in my
       | opinion. The SCOTUS opinion in Google v. Oracle was actually
       | quite insightful and clear in that the need for the "line-for-
       | line" copying of _just the API declarations_ was the bare minimum
       | needed for interoperability in the world of software.
       | 
       | None of those concerns exist in this case of Warhol copying a
       | photo of Prince. There may certainly be other reasonable reasons
       | for or against Warhol's use of the photo on fair use grounds, but
       | the Google v. Oracle case is not one of them.
        
       | barbegal wrote:
       | I can't see how using photos as a basis for artwork is fair use.
       | If that were the case, advertising agencies wouldn't have to pay
       | photographers or other asset creators, they could claim fair use
       | for transforming those photos and assets into an advert which is
       | a new piece of art.
        
       | choeger wrote:
       | What is the "interface" of an image and what is the
       | "implementation"? In the Oracle case, the terms were clear. The
       | interface is the set of rules that bind the implementation and
       | its consumers. In the case of an image, this is inapplicable. One
       | could try to determine the size of the image, its colors, and
       | other physical parameters. But in the end, I fail to develop a
       | useful abstraction that could serve as "interface". So, no, the
       | case cannot be used as an argument, IMO.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | peerless-app wrote:
       | Interesting take from the Andy Warhol Foundation. Warhol could
       | have drawn that from memory. He used an impression he had of
       | existing source material (the photo) and changed it. He didn't
       | copy it and then add on to it. It's an original work of art that
       | didn't exist before.
       | 
       | Copying code. That's seems more duplication for strictly the
       | original intended purpose.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | How is an impression not a copy?
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | The idea that someone who's been dead for thirty-four years and
       | whose closest living relative is a grand-niece should have any
       | legal standing in any regard is astoundingly perverse.
        
       | Jaygles wrote:
       | Would it make sense to have multiple entities being able to have
       | copyright on a single piece of work? In the Warhol case, maybe x%
       | of the copyright to Warhol and y% to Prince?
       | 
       | It would make the legal aspect of profiting off such works 10x
       | more complicated. And determining the appropriate percentages for
       | each "contributor" would be a nightmare, if not impossible. But
       | would it be more fair in the end?
        
         | retrac wrote:
         | It's probably possible in most jurisdictions to implement
         | voluntarily by holding the copyright with an incorporated
         | cooperative or partnership, of which the original authors are
         | the owners. Corporate bylaws would determine licensing,
         | allocation of the revenue, transfer and other such questions.
         | Some jurisdictions do not allow either waivable or transferable
         | moral rights, which could make this either complicated or
         | infeasible.
         | 
         | In some jurisdictions, the copyright law has a mechanism for
         | professional associations to be responsible for collecting the
         | copyright within a certain area. Now that I think about it, the
         | model seems like it might be adaptable to software.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_collective
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | You mean Goldsmith, not Prince?
         | 
         | No because then anybody could siphon ownership of a work away
         | from its owner just by copying it without permission and with
         | these kinds of modifications. Do many different versions and
         | gain many portions of ownership.
        
           | Jaygles wrote:
           | I did mistakenly state Prince instead of Goldsmith. But silly
           | enough that sort of plays into my hypothetical. Prince would
           | own his likeness, which he would use to claim partial
           | ownership of Goldsmith's photo. And Goldsmith and Prince
           | would have a claim on Warhol's usage of the photo/likeness.
           | 
           | I don't think the situation you describe applies however.
           | Someone wouldn't be able to siphon away ownership by using
           | someone else's work. The person whose work is being used in
           | the new work would be able to gain partial ownership of the
           | new work. The author of the new work would only have
           | ownership of their unique contributions, not ownership of the
           | original work's contributions.
        
         | kbutler wrote:
         | It is known as a "derived work", not a split copyright.
         | 
         | The copyright owner of the original owns that copyright,
         | including of the elements incorporated into the derived work.
         | The copyright to the creative elements of the derived work are
         | controlled by the copyright holder of the derived work, which
         | may have a longer period of validity than the original work
         | copyright.
         | 
         | To distribute the derived work while the original copyright is
         | in force requires permission (license) of the original
         | copyright holder, or a determination that the derivation is a
         | fair use, which the Warhol Foundation is seeking.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | It doesn't entirely make sense because monetary compensation is
         | only one of the rights granted by copyright.
         | 
         | Even music, which has compulsory licensing, grants the
         | copyright owner the right to refuse to have their work used in
         | certain contexts.
         | 
         | You could run the work like a corporation with a majority being
         | required for the decision I suppose. But this gets sticky
         | really quickly.
        
       | appleflaxen wrote:
       | this argument doesn't make any sense.
       | 
       | a photo doesn't have an API.
        
         | make3 wrote:
         | I don't think it's that clear. The interface of a library is
         | still part of the library, albeit a very small one (smallest
         | possible to enable interoperability). So, the SCOTUS accepts
         | that re-using part of a creation can be fair-use.
        
         | infradig wrote:
         | It doesn't? Maybe the API of a photograph or other piece of
         | work is how you perceive or appreciate it... the aesthetic of
         | it. In this sense what Warhol has done is transformative.
        
           | Croftengea wrote:
           | > In this sense what Warhol has done is transformative.
           | 
           | Where is the line between blatant copying and transformation?
           | If I take some photograph and just change colors can I claim
           | I changed the photo's perception and thus sent a unique
           | message? Maybe, but it's all about ideas in my head, not the
           | changed photo itself. Same goes about many Warhol's works.
           | They are just slightly changed copies of someone else
           | copyrighted works and must be accompanied by art critiques
           | explanations to be appreciated in full.
        
           | iratewizard wrote:
           | API stands for application programming interface. Or didn't
           | you know?
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | And the article says that the decision is not just about
             | "the API" but about "the part of a copyrighted work that is
             | recognizable to a wide public".
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Stupid clickbait to cite Google (and to do so incorrectly).
       | 
       | I think the warhol foundation is in the right here, but the API
       | decision has no relevance.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I don't think it's really "stupid clickbait". The entire reason
         | the Warhol Foundation went _back_ to the appellate court was so
         | they could cite Google v. Oracle as a new decision thus
         | requiring review.
        
           | make3 wrote:
           | The title is not clickbait, the reason the Warhol Foundation
           | is using is what I think the parent is arguing is
           | "clickbait".
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | That does not make any sense for any reasonable definition
             | of clickbait.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | I understand that the WF is incorrectly using the Java
               | API decision (and tying it to media's favorite punching
               | bag by citing google) but the Hollywood Reporter didn't
               | have to go along -- they wrote a perfectly good article
               | that didn't need that title.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | HR is reporting accurately. The answer to the question is
               | likely No.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | I don't know why your comment was downvoted (I tried to
             | rescue it) as you were responding to confusion due to my
             | poorly written comment.
             | 
             | I explained down thread what I had meant to say.
        
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       (page generated 2021-04-23 23:00 UTC)