[HN Gopher] Unicode Proposal - Textile Care Symbols
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Unicode Proposal - Textile Care Symbols
        
       Author : peterburkimsher
       Score  : 412 points
       Date   : 2021-04-22 09:49 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | TeMPOraL wrote:
       | _Standard_ Textile Care Symbols? There is an actual standard for
       | that?
       | 
       | It's a serious question. As far as I can tell, going by my
       | wardrobe, there isn't. It's always been one of the minor
       | annoyances in my life - clothing and clothing-adjacent vendors
       | put these icons on their products, and I have no first clue what
       | they mean, because which family of signs is used seems to depend
       | on some combination of country of origin, target market, and the
       | position of Saturn relative to Jupiter.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Too bad there's no vaccination for iconitis.
        
         | Tomte wrote:
         | ISO 3758:2012
        
           | peterburkimsher wrote:
           | Also ISO 7000 - Graphical symbols for use on equipment
           | 
           | Example: do not iron.
           | 
           | https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:grs:7000:3113
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Thanks!
        
           | martyvis wrote:
           | So the entry fee to work out how to wash my clothes is 113
           | Swiss Francs (for the standard PDF)? Cheaper to buy new
           | underwear every week
        
             | Tomte wrote:
             | If you're the type of guy who doesn't know how to use a
             | screw unless he's read ISO 68-1, sure.
             | 
             | The rest of us learn from our parents. Or books. Or even
             | Wikipedia.
        
             | ooOOoo wrote:
             | The spec content (not from ISO): http://labritex.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/ISO-3758-Care-symbols...
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > Standard Textile Care Symbols? There is an actual standard
         | for that?
         | 
         | ISO 3758:2012, Textiles -- Care labelling code using symbols:
         | 
         | * https://www.iso.org/standard/42918.html
         | 
         | See also GB/T 8685, JIS L 0001:2014, ASTM D5489-96c, which are
         | national versions that are basically the same as ISO:
         | 
         | * PDF:
         | https://www.intertek.com/uploadedFiles/Intertek/Divisions/Co...
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laundry_symbol
        
         | zinekeller wrote:
         | Where are you from? Serious question, since Europe do tend to
         | have standard symbols for nearly everything due to cross-border
         | (and cross-cultural) differences, while this is meh (why? we
         | have English!) to North America.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Poland, EU.
           | 
           | I remember doing some Internet searches for this over a
           | decade ago, back when I started doing my own laundry :).
           | Maybe I didn't look thoroughly enough - but between that
           | search and the actual labels on the clothes I had, I saw no
           | indication of a standard.
           | 
           | Might be because my clothes were probably a mix of branded
           | things sold on EU market, and (mostly) unbranded ones I
           | bought on a bazaar, which could've been imported from Turkey
           | or East Asia.
        
             | zinekeller wrote:
             | Makes sense since it was over a decade ago. US and Asian
             | textile care symbols were a bad mess (differs from brand to
             | brand) back then (while ISO sensibly implemented the then-
             | EN standard because they were the same across brands).
        
           | AnssiH wrote:
           | I believe this regional symbols vs. text difference can also
           | be seen in many washing machines - it is quite common to have
           | symbols for the knobs and settings here (e.g.
           | https://imgur.com/a/7yRzT), while I've understood that this
           | isn't common in e.g. US.
           | 
           | Though I thought textile care symbols are common in US as
           | well, or at least I think all my US-bought clothes have them
           | too. So this is probably not one of those US-Europe
           | differences.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | Having different displays for different markets is exactly what
         | Unicode allows for: you specify the intended symbol, and then
         | it's localised in the font you choose. An example from the
         | proposal is "flat dry when wet, European variant has two bars,
         | US and Canadian variant has three bars".
         | 
         | A glyph in one font may look confusingly similar to a
         | completely different glyph in another font (or the same font).
         | If you don't have a digital version you then have to rely on
         | context clues. You can quite reliably tell if a given C is
         | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C or CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES, by
         | assessing the surrounding text and the medium to see if the
         | author was most likely writing for a Russian or an English
         | audience.
         | 
         | Of course, it's possible that manufacturers currently mix
         | contexts confusingly. In that case, having each one draw from a
         | single Unicode palette should help.
        
           | leoedin wrote:
           | Are fonts consistently localised? What happens if the pool of
           | people who use a font (eg Arial) contain multiple washing
           | symbol regions? Do you spin up a new, localised font for
           | every country?
        
             | TheRealPomax wrote:
             | No, you simply rely on your tooling, which should allow you
             | to set the locale (or "script", which is the OpenType term
             | for it) for your content.
             | 
             | Thankfully, a lot of tooling designed to present text to a
             | human (From Word to LaTeX to HTML) already have ways to do
             | this, so folks writing textile documentation will now be
             | able to take advantage of this, too.
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | This whole "is it Cyrillic or Latin" confusion sometimes does
           | happen IRL. There's an insurance company that has its logo in
           | all capitals: PECO. For most of my life I've always read it
           | as Latin. But at some point I heard it in a TV commercial and
           | they said it as "reso". Yikes.
           | 
           | Also ROSNANO. It's not "pochaho", it's "rosnano".
           | 
           | The reverse is also true: there's a "Bona Capona" restaurant
           | but its logo uses a typeface that makes it tempting to read
           | it as "Vopa Saropa".
        
             | aasasd wrote:
             | Well thankfully the rest of the world aren't subjected to
             | the Cyrillic-Latin confusion, because it's only inside the
             | country that Russian companies use the mix of Cyrillic and
             | Latin... And specifically English, while a lot of people
             | over twenty-five can't pronounce or read English.
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | I think I have three different sets of textile care symbols in
         | my closet depending on whether the piece of clothing was
         | ordered from the US, Europe or Japan. It's a handful.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Not a bad idea, but there's dozens of other ISO symbols that I
       | think should also be considered[0].
       | 
       | Some are quite important; like safety symbols.
       | 
       | One of my pet peeves has always been the difference between US
       | emergency egress ("EXIT" signs), and everyone else in the world.
       | In the US, they tend to be red, and the word "EXIT". Everyone
       | else does green, with the man running through the door.
       | 
       | In Japan, medical facilities were denoted by a green cross. In
       | the US, it tends to be blue or red.
       | 
       | Color can be an important factor, but that's tangential to the
       | Unicode set.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.iso.org/news/2013/10/Ref1787.html
        
         | salmo wrote:
         | The US takes English for granted so often, despite our actual
         | diversity and no "official" language. Although I do love the
         | National Park standardized symbols.
         | 
         | But to totally wander down your tangent, color can be dangerous
         | to rely on for accessibility reasons.
         | 
         | Green in particular, seems like a poor color choice for
         | accessibility, given the prominence of red/green
         | colorblindness.
         | 
         | I worked on an internal system with a Web UI once with someone
         | much less sensitive to this than I was. He wasn't a jerk, just
         | would do things and didn't like revisiting to change. I'm
         | generally not a UI person and got tired of fussing about it, so
         | just rolled with his "it's just internal" for his parts.
         | 
         | One of the things he made would highlight rows of text by
         | changing the color from grey to red without any other visual
         | indicator (bold, etc.). The grey text already annoyed me, but
         | that's a different story.
         | 
         | Our very first user when we piloted just happened to be
         | red/green colorblind and was completely confused. It didn't
         | occur to him that color was the issue, and my coworker didn't
         | understand why he couldn't differentiate. It dawned on me to
         | tell him that the selections were red, and ask if he was
         | colorblind. We walked through the rest of it with him and found
         | another place where red and green text were used to indicate
         | "good" and "bad".
         | 
         | A week later, my coworker took colorblind-support as a
         | 'requirement' and had reworked everything he did to ensure
         | multiple visual cues. When he did decide to fix something, he
         | was very thorough. And I'm sure he carried this forward to
         | everything he's done since.
         | 
         | I'm not an expert, but I think the red/green issue is the most
         | common (especially for men), but I know there are other
         | varieties, and other vision problems can make color difficult.
         | 
         | I think that the figure running through the door is a great
         | example of a good symbol, though. No reliance on language and
         | an easily identifiable shape. But I'm definitely not an expert
         | in either accessibility or design. I just try my best at both
         | when I have to do that stuff.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I take accessibility _very_ seriously. A lot of the stuff I
           | 've written has been fairly critical to people's lives.
           | 
           | I use Sim-Daltonism[0] a lot. It's awesome.
           | 
           | [0] https://michelf.ca/projects/sim-daltonism/
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | I'm chuckling at the idea of a Japanese person trying to find
         | medical care in San Francisco and walking into a weed
         | dispensary by mistake
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | They use green crosses? (I live in NY, so I wouldn't know).
           | 
           | Yeah, that could be interesting. I do know a lot of folks
           | that think of weed/CBD as "Doc Stanley's Magic Elixir."
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | In Colorado as well. I think it's become the de facto
             | dispensary indicator in a lot of areas of the US.
        
         | Agentlien wrote:
         | I never knew about the color difference between European and
         | American exit signs. I'm a color blind European.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Just to make things more fun, they sometimes use a green
           | "EXIT."
           | 
           | I suspect the OSHA (American safety standards org)
           | requirement is a clear marking, and maybe a couple of
           | choices.
           | 
           | You can buy the signs at almost any kind of general store.
        
         | seszett wrote:
         | In Belgium at least the colour of crosses has a meaning: green
         | for pharmacies, red for doctors and blue for veterinarians.
         | 
         | In France I've only really seen the green one for pharmacies
         | but maybe I didn't pay attention.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I'll have to pay attention.
           | 
           | Veterinarians don't seem to have any color code, that I know
           | of. Many don't use crosses (they tend to have cutsey
           | animals).
           | 
           | The hospital near where I live has a blue cross at its
           | emergency entrance, and a nearby urgent care clinic also has
           | a blue cross, however, another nearby urgent care facility
           | has a red cross.
           | 
           | I don't know of any pharmacies that have any prominent cross
           | displays. They tend to have their own branding (which may or
           | may not have a cross integrated).
        
             | seszett wrote:
             | Interesting, as here (France and Belgium) only pharmacies
             | consistently display a green cross. All of them do, and I
             | wouldn't be surprised if that was a legal requirement. It's
             | not as consistent for the other medical facilities, but I'm
             | pretty sure that at the minimum they never use the "wrong"
             | colour.
             | 
             | I don't know where this usage comes from (and can't really
             | look it up now) but now that I think of it "the Red Cross"
             | is a doctors organisation, so it fits the scheme I told
             | about.
        
               | themulticaster wrote:
               | I can add two more examples: Italian pharmacies (at least
               | all that I've seen) use a green cross, while German
               | pharmacies use a stylized A letter.
               | 
               | Wikipedia has a couple of symbols if you're curious:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy#Symbols
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | Surprising these aren't already a part of unicode.
        
       | xvilka wrote:
       | For me it was always annoying that Unicode doesn't allow to code
       | full set of subscripts/superscripts. It's so obvious and more
       | necessary than many emojis they added recently.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | Unicode subscripts and superscripts mainly exist because of
         | IPA. They are not general ways to encode arbitrary
         | sub/superscripts as it would require too many letters to be
         | encoded.
        
           | kevincox wrote:
           | They could just add a subscript and superscript modifier.
        
             | cogburnd02 wrote:
             | Well that's actully what U+008B (PLD, Partial Line Down)
             | and U+008C (PLU, Partial Line Up (though officially it's
             | inexplicably Partial Line Backward)) were originally for:
             | 
             | PLD text PLU would produce a subscript and PLU text PLD
             | would produce a superscript.
        
             | pdpi wrote:
             | Superscripts are a typesetting concern, not an encoding
             | concern.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | No they're not. Superscripts and subscripts in English as
               | used in literature may be a typesetting concern but
               | that's not their only purpose. Eg in chemical notations
               | or in mathematical text it is not a matter of typesetting
               | but an actual separate symbol with distinct semantics.
        
               | kevincox wrote:
               | If they change the semantic meaning of the text is that
               | not under Unicode's purview?
        
               | Sniffnoy wrote:
               | Italics change the semantic meaning of text too, but
               | they're still rich text, not plaintext. Unicode has been
               | generally taken the attitude that Unicode is for
               | plaintext, not rich text, even if it's stretched the
               | meaning of that a bit. (There's also the time they goofed
               | up and added interlinear annotation, which is pretty
               | clearly not plaintext, but they've since discouraged the
               | use of that and I don't think they want to make any
               | _more_ mistakes like that.)
        
               | kevincox wrote:
               | Unicode does have italic characters (at least for A-Z
               | a-z) although they are labeled as math characters.
        
               | Sniffnoy wrote:
               | Sure, I could have chosen a more watertight example to
               | demonstrate the point. (And I think that "although" is an
               | important "although" -- those characters are _not_ meant
               | to be used for ordinary italics; if you do this, you 're
               | going to cause significant problems for anyone trying to
               | process your text, such as by, say, searching it.) It
               | doesn't have, I don't know, characters that are blue-
               | colored bold italic underlined superscripts, you know?
               | Whatever exceptions or seeming-exceptions Unicode may
               | have made, they're not looking to make more of them.
        
               | kevincox wrote:
               | For sure. I think you are right. I'm just pointing out
               | that the line here is much blurrier than Unicode probably
               | wishes it was.
        
               | Sniffnoy wrote:
               | Oh, ha, yeah, no question there.
        
         | neolog wrote:
         | There is a proposal [1] that is looking for contributors.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/stevengj/subsuper-proposal
        
       | securingsincity wrote:
       | I got interested with these symbols when my son was born and I
       | was doing all of our laundry what seemed like all hours of the
       | day. So it was a good opportunity to play with machine learning
       | and vision edge by gcp. Ended up building a pair of apps for iOS
       | and android that can identify the symbols
       | 
       | https://jameshrisho.com/2020/10/making-laundry-less-terrible...
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | Somewhat questions the value of these symbols versus text. Not
         | disparaging the app, I'd need one to tell what they meant too.
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | Text requires translation into thousands of languages.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | No, it doesn't. Just type it into google. And each user
             | only needs to do that once.
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | As do cryptic and unreadable symbols.
        
               | ewindal wrote:
               | Not on every piece of clothing you sell.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Current state, I would have to figure out what to type
               | into google to see what some symbol like  or ^ means in
               | laundry terms. Either better symbols I don't have to
               | google, or text in a language that I don't speak...but
               | can figure out. The ones with temperatures don't even
               | have a degree mark.
        
               | securingsincity wrote:
               | I would agree. The issue isn't that they are symbols, it
               | is that the symbols are really hard to understand, other
               | than hand wash where a hand is in a bucket of water the
               | rest have little connection with the outside world.
        
               | haileys wrote:
               | It's strange that on a site like Hacker News people are
               | so averse to learning new things. We seem to have no
               | problem learning other kinds of symbol languages. These
               | are standard symbols - you can search Google for "laundry
               | symbols" to find a key
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | It's not just the HN crowd. My non techie spouse isn't a
               | fan either. It's also a meme. https://i.pinimg.com/474x/6
               | 3/47/c3/6347c34b1ac9f34e3a27eb36d...
        
               | aasasd wrote:
               | HN folks complain all day that their computers and phones
               | changed since the 90s.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | The audience for the symbols are people who do laundry
               | for a living.
               | 
               | Symbols that you never use aren't very useful when all
               | you really need to know is "do not dry", "do not bleach",
               | "wash with like colors". It's really not that big of a
               | deal to put a tag written in English and Spanish to the
               | US, or in French to France, etc.
        
               | peterburkimsher wrote:
               | My girlfriend works in the fashion industry in Taiwan.
               | Designers in the US make an artistic drawing of a dress.
               | She converts it to a Gerber file using CAD software. The
               | Gerbers get sent to factories in China or Vietnam, who
               | make prototypes and send those to Taiwan for testing.
               | When approved, thousands are ordered and shipped directly
               | from the factories to Macy's or JCPenny in the US.
               | 
               | When artists use English, CAD designers use Traditional
               | Chinese, and factory staff use Simplified Chinese or
               | Vietnamese, and consumers use every language - there's a
               | need for a standard symbol. You have a good point about
               | dry cleaning services too!
               | 
               | The difficult part is that the people through this
               | international supply chain can't type these symbols in
               | emails, or search for them in databases. That's why a
               | Unicode code point should be assigned.
        
         | bredren wrote:
         | Would you please clarify how doing laundry constantly allowed
         | time for ML research? Is it just because you had
         | maternity/paternity, or was there something about the laundry
         | workflow that let you squeeze in this activity?
        
           | pas wrote:
           | waiting for the laundry?
        
         | tinus_hn wrote:
         | Very nice, my only comment would be that you can't go back from
         | the individual pages to the main page by swiping left (iOS)
        
         | milofeynman wrote:
         | The ultimate -parent- hack is to only buy colored clothes (no
         | whites... And if you happen to get any just wash them with the
         | colored clothes anyway) non shrinkable clothes. Dry on low -
         | "damp dry" so they don't all get fried. One load every 5+ days.
         | The thicker clothes hang around the edge of the clothes basket
         | (sweat pants in our case).
         | 
         | Oh and I guess just by normal kid clothes (cotton/polyester) so
         | they don't have special instructions.
        
           | fanf2 wrote:
           | We do that but how on earth do you manage with only one load
           | every 5 days? We are a family of 4, one teenager, one under
           | 10, and we're doing one or two loads of laundry every day.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | pants can usually be reworn 2-3 times. occasionally a shirt
             | can be reworn if it was only used for part of a day. this
             | might require an unusually clean child. as a single adult,
             | I do laundry on a two week cycle. and that's driven more by
             | my inventory of season-appropriate clothing than the
             | capacity of my washing machine.
        
             | mb7733 wrote:
             | 1-2 loads of laundry every day for 4 people? How small is
             | your washing machine?
        
               | fanf2 wrote:
               | It's a Miele W5780 which has a 7kg capacity
        
               | piceas wrote:
               | In retrospect a 5.5kg front loader was a mistake for more
               | than a couple of people in my experience.
        
           | seventh-chord wrote:
           | I've been doing that for my own clothes. White t-shirts turn
           | pink, but pink is a good look too so I don't really care.
           | Maybe that means I'm still a kid :)
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > a pair of apps for iOS and android that can identify the
         | symbols
         | 
         | Sounds like a failure of the point of those symbols. How about
         | using words instead? Then you don't need an app to decode them.
         | You can use google translate if you must.
        
         | wwwhizz wrote:
         | I ended up washing everything on 40 degrees and throwing
         | everything in the dryer. Works just fine.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | I noticed a huge difference in how long my clothing lasts
           | once I switched to hang-drying most things. It's not that
           | huge of a hassle and saves energy and I don't have to buy
           | clothes as often. I started doing a lot more hang drying
           | after I bought a bunch of merino wool base layers I use for
           | skiing (which can't really be machine dried).
        
             | zmix wrote:
             | ...and should be washed as little as possible!
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | If you look near the laundry baskets at any home or
             | department store, you'll find comically large 'lingeree
             | bags'. Turns out running anything with a fine weave through
             | these - satin, rayon, exercise clothing, high TPI pillow
             | cases - not only makes them last longer but also prevents
             | pilling.
             | 
             | Always button and zip your jeans, and if you're not in a
             | hurry, cotton clothing seems to be less worn by friction in
             | the dryer than by the high heat. I run a lot of my cotton
             | knits through twice on permanent press instead of once on
             | cotton. And I don't use dryer sheets. Dryer sheets keep
             | your clothes from getting static cling _when you have over-
             | dried them_ , but over-drying them damages them. The static
             | cling is a symptom that you shouldn't ignore.
             | 
             | What you want to do is pull your clothes out when there is
             | just a hint of moisture in them. The air and the latent
             | heat should be more than enough to suck out that last hint
             | of dampness. And if one towel or pair of pants is still
             | damp, nothing stops you from running them by themselves for
             | a couple minutes while you fold the rest.
        
             | c0nsumer wrote:
             | I do this for cycling clothing. (Almost all synthetic, some
             | wool, fair amount of spandex-y stuff.)
             | 
             | This stuff lasts forever when washed on cool/warm and then
             | hung.
             | 
             | Friends of mine have complained about one brand or another
             | not lasting very long, but they've been tossing the stuff
             | in the drier.
             | 
             | We're fortunate to have a basement with a nice beam I can
             | place hangers on (for winter drying), or a hanging bar I
             | fitted in the garage (for summer). Lately I've been getting
             | rid of 8-10 year old stuff that I no longer like or no
             | longer fits, and it's sellable, as opposed to just worn
             | out.
             | 
             | (Doesn't sell for much, but folks will happily pay $20 -
             | $30 for special print cycling jerseys that are still in
             | good shape and cost $80-130 new. Way better than tossing
             | them in the trash.)
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | I assume you mean 40 C, not 40 F? I started washing
           | everything on cold (my washer actually has a 'Tap Cold'
           | setting - just tap water) and it works just as well. I
           | encourage everyone to just try it once - it won't hurt
           | anything and you can always re-run the load - and you will
           | never go back. Also, you don't have to sort clothes.
           | 
           | I read in some credible, non-technical publication, I think
           | the NYT or WSJ, an interview with a engineer in that field
           | (something like detergents or washing machines) who said that
           | detergents used to need heat to enhance the chemical
           | reaction, but that it's no longer true and cold water works
           | just as well.
           | 
           | EDIT: Does anyone know a good technical, authoritative
           | resource on laundry? Consumer Reports has well-researched
           | info, but not in the depth I'd like.
        
             | aasasd wrote:
             | I'm quite sure that plenty of bacteria don't die at 40deg,
             | let alone 'tap cold'.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | From the Consumer Reports article cited below:
               | 
               | > When a family member is sick, use hot water mixed with
               | chlorine bleach to reduce bacteria in the bed linens and
               | towels. The same goes for cleaning dirty cloth diapers,
               | or other messes.
               | 
               | But also,
               | 
               | > Heating water accounts for about 90 percent of the
               | energy needed to run a washer
               | 
               | So I only use heat for special occasions.
               | 
               | Article: https://www.consumerreports.org/washing-
               | machines/dont-bother...
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | The washing machine isn't a heat sterilizer, the point of
               | using hot water was just to activate the detergents.
        
               | aasasd wrote:
               | So when different clothes prescribe washing at different
               | temperatures, it's because the 'activation' temperature
               | of detergent changes depending on whether you use it with
               | jeans or underwear?
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | Instructions haven't kept up w/ washing machines and
               | detergents.
               | 
               | > "Front-loaders and high-efficiency top-loaders run
               | normal cycles 10 percent cooler than agitator washers,
               | and the 'warm' wash temperature in the U.S. has declined
               | by 15 degrees over the past 15 years," says Tracey Long,
               | communications manager for P&G's fabric care products in
               | North America. "Traditional detergent enzymes can be
               | sluggish in cold water so we worked to create a mix of
               | surfactants and enzymes that deliver cleaning performance
               | in cold water across all product lines," says Long.
               | 
               | > Consumer Reports' past tests found detergents have
               | gotten much better at putting enzymes to work in removing
               | dirt and stains at lower water temperatures, and are less
               | effective at higher temperatures.
               | 
               | Source: Consumer Reports, "Don't Bother Using Hot Water
               | to Wash Your Laundry: Consumer Reports' experts say cold
               | water can get the job done",
               | https://www.consumerreports.org/washing-machines/dont-
               | bother...
               | 
               | If you want to sanitize anything, just use some bleach.
               | It's harsh on fabric, but so is hot water, and the bleach
               | will do a much better job. (FYI, I don't have any whites
               | at all.)
        
               | lgrebe wrote:
               | As far as I know the clothes don't prescribe a
               | temperature to be washed at, but rather a maximum
               | temperature threshold upto which the material can
               | withstand without risking damage to itself.
               | 
               | So a 40degC cloth can be washed at any lower temp but
               | might deform or loose color or even breakdown if washed
               | warmer than that.
        
           | patentatt wrote:
           | Yup, I've never once in my life paid any attention to any of
           | this, and I only ruined one sweater once. My wife was not
           | happy, it was a brand new cashmere sweater from some brand
           | name. Still though, if that's my only screw up and amortized
           | over a lifetime of not caring about this, still positive ROI
           | for me. Twist ending: we saved the severely shrunken fancy
           | sweater and now it fits my kids, so not a total loss.
        
             | dayre wrote:
             | This has been my experience as well. They should simplify
             | these to just TEXTILE CARE SYMBOL CASHMERE SWEATER and
             | TEXTILE CARE SYMBOL EVERYTHING ELSE.
        
             | m_eiman wrote:
             | If you wash the sweater in conditioner and lukewarm water
             | you can (carefully) pull it into its original shape.
             | #lifehack
        
               | m_eiman wrote:
               | I probably mean "soak" or "handwash" rather than wash;
               | I'm sure there's an instructional video somewhere on the
               | net.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | Ish. Dryers can literally melt heavily-synthetic clothes.
           | Been there, done that.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | Hey. If it melts it melts. Only survivors get to be worn.
        
             | Aloha wrote:
             | I generally avoid any synthetic that is not a cotton blend,
             | I want to be able to was on hot and dry on bake.
        
             | NullPrefix wrote:
             | Condescending tip - synthetics are for engine oils, not
             | clothes ;)
        
               | ambentzen wrote:
               | For daily clothes, sure. For sports clothing, synthetics
               | all the way. There is no worse pain in the world than
               | sweaty chafing cotton.
        
             | peterburkimsher wrote:
             | Sounds like we need ultrasonic no-heat clothes dryers to be
             | commercialised. The technology is there - just play music
             | to the water molecules, and they dance!
             | 
             | https://www.energy.gov/eere/articles/no-heat-no-problem-
             | ultr...
        
               | sdeframond wrote:
               | Or microwaves?
               | 
               | (Better not leave anything metallic in there though...)
        
               | bkor wrote:
               | The article compares the energy savings over an already
               | inefficient dryer. The article mentions that an existing
               | dryer takes 50min (average). Such dryers are not what
               | anyone should buy, they waste too much energy. Over time
               | it's cheaper to buy a heat pump dryer. Those easily take
               | 2.5 hours to dry. They're significantly cheaper over an
               | e.g. 5-10 year period than buying a cheaper and way more
               | inefficient dryer.
               | 
               | The links to more detail with: > The goal of this project
               | is to develop a clothes dryer prototype, using ultrasonic
               | transducers, with an EF above 10 lb/kWh.
               | 
               | But also: > DOE's Building Technologies Office is seeking
               | new clothes dryer technologies that can increase the
               | energy factor (EF) from 3.7 to 5.43 lb/kWh
               | 
               | However, a quick Google shows that the 3.7 is not a heat
               | pump dryer, see e.g.
               | https://www.intechopen.com/books/current-drying-
               | processes/th.... The figure for an existing dryer should
               | be 7.6 lb/kWh. Meaning, the solution is (currently) not
               | good enough.
               | 
               | The link in the article and my link shows that the intend
               | is to go way over 10 lb/kWh. The link I found showed it
               | could be around 20 or even 44 lb/kWh (seems to depend on
               | the frequency used). This while being way quicker than
               | anything else, especially heat pump dryers.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Turn the temperature down. You shouldn't dry anything that
             | hot, it just wastes energy.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | I can certainly see other reasons to not run the dryer so
               | hot, but why would it waste energy?
        
               | BrianOnHN wrote:
               | The hotter the coils the higher the amount of energy
               | that's required to maintain it.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Well yes, but also the faster it dries your clothes and
               | shuts off.
        
               | BrianOnHN wrote:
               | Yes, but it's not a simple linear use of energy. For
               | example, it might use 10x energy to dry twice as fast.
               | That's a gain if you're in a hurry, but not so much if
               | you're relaxing at home, on a tight budget, and/or have
               | unusually high cost of electricity.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | It might, but does it actually? Or does it use 2.05x
               | energy to dry twice as fast, making the energy use
               | difference negligible?
               | 
               | Edit: Consider also that the shorter you run the dryer
               | for, the shorter you are running the (substantial) motor
               | and fan, as well as less time spent heating the shell of
               | the dryer and the air surrounding it.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Depends, for most dryers the temperature is limited
               | because water evaporation is taking all the energy. The
               | motor takes the same energy per time, so twice as fast
               | actually uses less energy. However there is a limit to
               | this, eventually (the end of the cycle) you reach the
               | point where water isn't evaporating fast enough to use up
               | all the input energy and temperatures go up to heating
               | clothing fibers to no useful purpose and this is
               | wasteful.
        
               | BrianOnHN wrote:
               | Idk about the rest but the ratio of energy used by the
               | heater compared to the motor is greater than 10:1.
               | 
               | Edit: 20:1 mentioned here https://qr.ae/pGNTie
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | If we assume for just a moment that the time to dry
               | clothes scales linearly with heat applied, we can try to
               | run some numbers:                   Total power usage for
               | full heat is (5000W + 250W) * 0.5h = 2625 Wh
               | Total power usage for half heat is (2500W + 250W) * 1h =
               | 2750 Wh
               | 
               | So that's a 4.6% increase in efficiency for using full
               | heat over half heat.
               | 
               | So the big question remains, does lower heat dry clothes
               | more efficiently, and if so, how much?
               | 
               | The Stack Overflow answer you linked raises some
               | interesting points, but doesn't seem rigorous.
        
               | BrianOnHN wrote:
               | From an industry pdf I stumbled across, it looked like
               | moisture sensing improvements were the best bet to save
               | the most energy. Though, I didn't see anything about
               | comparing heat settings in that doc, which may be
               | telling.
        
               | bkor wrote:
               | That's not true though. The additional energy to create
               | that heat doesn't have to equal the time saved.
               | 
               | You'll notice this in heat pump dryers. They cannot
               | generate the same amount of heat. They take way longer to
               | dry the clothes. But they're way more energy efficient
               | than other forms of dryers.
               | 
               | Edit: I thought of another example. Heating your home
               | with hot water running through radiators. It's
               | significantly more energy efficient to reduce the
               | temperature of the water. This outweighs the additional
               | time it takes to heat up your home. There are various
               | drawbacks and considerations though, e.g. if the house
               | has terrible insulation (noticeable draft) then it'll not
               | be beneficial. There's various other things that'll
               | significantly reduce energy usage, this while anyone
               | would assume that generating heat is already very
               | efficient.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | > The additional energy to create that heat doesn't have
               | to equal the time saved.
               | 
               | Right, it doesn't _have_ to, but it 's also possible that
               | more heat makes it take proportionally less time (or
               | close enough, with negligible decrease in efficiency).
               | 
               | Obviously, yes, using a heat pump will use less energy
               | than a resistive heating element. But the question is
               | more about how much and how quickly heat is input
               | (regardless of how it was generated) and how that affects
               | drying times.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | I'm not sure if heating with cooler water is more
               | efficient.
               | 
               | Some places you pay for the joules delivered into your
               | home. You have flow meter and temperature meters on he
               | input and the output of the radiators and the price for
               | joule is constant regardless of input and output
               | temperatures.
               | 
               | What saves you money is keeping your interior cooler
               | because heat loss is propotional to the temaperature
               | difference.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | IF that is how you are billed it doesn't matter to you.
               | 
               | Someone is paying to heat that water, and that someone
               | would get a bit more efficiency out of the system if the
               | water temperatures were lower.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Yes, but I think it's only because losses during transfer
               | would be lower.
               | 
               | If you generate energy inside your isolated house and
               | transfer it to radiators also inside your house
               | temperature shouldn't matter.
        
               | bkor wrote:
               | > I'm not sure if heating with cooler water is more
               | efficient.
               | 
               | Unfortunately I only have a Dutch link which goes into
               | way more detail: https://gathering.tweakers.net/forum/lis
               | t_messages/2027810.
               | 
               | Dutch energy companies by law have to advise their
               | customers how to save money. The app I use give exactly
               | this advice (lower the temperature), plus various other
               | advices.
               | 
               | > Some places you pay for the joules delivered into your
               | home
               | 
               | That's something different than what I said, no? I'm
               | talking about when you generate the heat in your home.
               | I'm aware of that solution as well, they're efficient
               | because of volume plus part of the heat (energy required)
               | is waste-heat from some industry.
               | 
               | There's still various ways to save energy despite exactly
               | measuring the temperature out and in. E.g. radiator fans.
               | 
               | I know this all seems entirely illogical. Energy in (or
               | required) should stay the same. Practically though, it's
               | probably energy losses that somehow occur and are
               | avoided.
               | 
               | E.g. for the radiator fans people measured if they save
               | energy. They do, though the cost of buying them might
               | outweigh the savings. DIY is cheap though.
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | To some extent drying clothes _is_ generating heat
               | (evaporation heat). If you 're clever about it you might
               | be able to avoid heating the (wet) clothes and rest of
               | the contents of the dryer (or the outside!) too much.
               | However evaporating water requires an _incredible_ amount
               | of energy, even if you just boil water away then most of
               | the energy is still spent evaporating the water rather
               | than heating the water, so it 's not really too clear-cut
               | that running a dryer hot is massively inefficient.
               | 
               | Edit: Also it's not that using lower-temperature water to
               | convey heat is somehow more efficient, the thing with
               | heat pumps is that they are more efficient at heating
               | things to a lower temperature. If you're burning gas it
               | doesn't really matter either way, you just get the energy
               | out you put in.
        
               | BrianOnHN wrote:
               | So would microwaves be the way to go?
               | 
               | Edit: too much metal on clothing...
        
               | bkor wrote:
               | > so it's not really too clear-cut that running a dryer
               | hot is massively inefficient.
               | 
               | My heat pump dryer came with an energy estimate for
               | various functions and loads. The various functions which
               | shorten the time, or the functions which increase the
               | heat (often related) are specified to use way more
               | energy. To me, it's pretty clear, plus the manufacturer
               | specifies it.
               | 
               | > Also it's not that using lower-temperature water to
               | convey heat is somehow more efficient. [..] If you're
               | burning gas it doesn't really matter either way, you just
               | get the energy out you put in.
               | 
               | That's what I used to assume as well. It isn't accurate
               | though. If the water that comes back to the heating
               | element is too hot it'll not be as efficient as when the
               | temperate is lower. Similarly, the additional energy
               | that's needed to heat the water to e.g. 75+ degrees
               | Celsius is wasteful. You can save around 30% of the
               | energy by reducing the temperature of the water that's
               | used to heat your home (though might not work due to
               | various considerations). There are loads of other things
               | that are possible which also significantly reduce the
               | energy usage.
               | 
               | Regarding how to save energy when using a boiler there's
               | a huge Dutch topic about it with loads of tips: https://g
               | athering.tweakers.net/forum/list_messages/2027810. I
               | assume similar information can be found in other
               | languages, though heating using gas and water is really
               | popular in NL (more so than any other country I assume).
        
               | contravariant wrote:
               | I wouldn't be too trusting of the claims of a
               | manufacturer who's main selling point is the savings in
               | energy...
               | 
               | They might still be true though, but if you keep in mind
               | that it takes about 5 times _more_ energy to evaporate
               | water than to heat it to 100C, and that heating water is
               | more difficult than most other substances it is really
               | not clear _why_ using more heat would be (far) less
               | efficient. Sure it would consume heat at a higher rate,
               | but also less long.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Because all you are doing is heating up clothing.
               | 
               | Until near the end of the cycle your dryer is putting all
               | the energy into evaporating water, so the temperature
               | inside the dryer is actually fairly cool. Right at the
               | end things change as the remaining water isn't enough to
               | counteract all the energy being put in and so you heat
               | the clothing to no purpose. So at the end off the cycle
               | you should either shut off with a little moisture in the
               | clothing, or regulate the temperature so that the heat
               | input is balanced by the water evaporation.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Wouldn't that be true for both high and low heat
               | settings?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Not really - the same energy is needed to evaporate
               | water. The difference is mostly heating clothing which
               | needs to get back to room temperature.
        
               | BrianOnHN wrote:
               | My dryer seems to only have one setting, "hot af so be
               | careful what you put in here."
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | That's a sign of a broken or stuck thermostat. You can
               | replace it (or have it replaced). I lost a few shirts
               | once because of that.
        
           | securingsincity wrote:
           | a cashmere sweater shrunk to a child's size will change your
           | mind about that approach
        
             | awwaiid wrote:
             | Survival of the fittest! Hahaha
        
             | falcor84 wrote:
             | Well, my approach is to limit my day-to-day clothes buying
             | to just those washable in 40degC and machine dryable. Makes
             | both the shopping and life overall so much easier.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Yes, if you only buy things that you wash in 40 degree
               | water and dry in a machine, you can just wash everything
               | in 40 degree water and throw it in a machine.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | Any women who still have to wear business attire
               | interested in a similar approach should check out MM
               | LaFleur. Well-designed, machine washable staple pieces at
               | a (mostly) reasonable price. IIRC the company was founded
               | by a young French woman who used to work in consulting
               | and knows the pain of constantly needing to dry clean
               | your clothes.
               | 
               | https://mmlafleur.com/
        
             | mikepurvis wrote:
             | My rule of thumb is basically just to exclude from the
             | dryer anything stretchy, slippery, knitted, or lacy. With
             | that stuff hung to dry, what's left is all the plain cotton
             | shirts and jeans that can take whatever you throw at them.
        
               | bmicraft wrote:
               | T-Shirts are almost always knitted. Do you propose never
               | tumble drying t-shirts?
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | By knits I'm referring to sweaters and the like, where
               | the underlying material is wool or polyester.
        
               | ungamedplayer wrote:
               | Or you know, just hang everything out.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Well yes, we do that sometimes too. But the point of this
               | thread was a no-fail process for quickly doing laundry.
        
           | gardaani wrote:
           | Underwear should be washed on 60 degrees to prevent any germs
           | spreading.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Does the detergent not sterilize everything?
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | It doesn't. But drying in high temperature does.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | It doesn't _sterilize_ , but it does bind to viruses and
               | bacteria so they can be washed away. It's the reason why
               | you don't need antibacterial hand soap: you don't need to
               | kill, washing off is enough.
        
             | shawnz wrote:
             | I have seen mixed evidence about hot water being more
             | effective than cold water when washing. Do you have a
             | reputable source?
        
           | ewindal wrote:
           | Gotta wash on 60 sometimes too, though. Otherwise your
           | t-shirts are going to become subtly smelly over time.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | If you have dryer it nearly strilizes everything you just
             | washed with hot air.
             | 
             | I'm washing t-shirts in 40 deg and drying them in my
             | washing machine with built-in dryer.
             | 
             | They come out a bit damp to avoid creasing too much. I
             | never had them smell even though I was just unloading dryer
             | into a huge pile of damp clothes and leaving them like that
             | for a day or two to dry out completely. I even forgot to
             | take them out of the washing mashine and found out few days
             | later. They were still damp but didn't smell. I washed and
             | dried them again though to be on the safe side.
        
         | shanecleveland wrote:
         | Very nice. Came here to see if someone had already made this.
         | 
         | I wonder about helping manufacturers generate a QR code to use
         | alongside the symbols to provide a detailed per-label
         | translation?
        
         | marton78 wrote:
         | "This app is not available for any of your devices", days
         | Google Play Store...
        
       | fassssst wrote:
       | Why don't laundry machines themselves use these symbols? How do I
       | know what "hot" vs "warm" is in degrees?
        
       | dale_glass wrote:
       | There's some surprising absences in unicode.
       | 
       | For instance, while messing around with setting up the i3/Sway
       | bar, I couldn't find symbols for:
       | 
       | * WiFi. Really. There's U+1F4F6, but it's not exactly the right
       | thing.
       | 
       | * Anything to indicate CPU usage, like some sort of
       | microprocessor chip.
       | 
       | * Anything to indicate RAM usage.
       | 
       | This is curious because for instance U+1F50A and U+1F507 exist,
       | so you'd expect to have a set of such generally useful icons.
       | Plus, it's computer tech. The lack of computer related stuff is
       | odd, given that there's no lack of many things I have no idea
       | what they're good for, such as U+1F574 ("Man in business suit
       | levitating")
       | 
       | Edit: would be nice to have unicode support on here. Seems it
       | gets stripped.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | Another controversial absence is the "external link" symbol,
         | which was rejected.
         | 
         | https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06268-ext-link.pdf
         | 
         | The reason seems to be that links are not a feature of a text
         | document, they are part of a markup language, and therefore, it
         | should be a feature of that language instead.
         | 
         | For HN, AFAIK, they deliberately strip emoji, but most Unicode
         | work fine. ("Si hahidoiXia Li desu" should show up correctly)
        
           | akvadrako wrote:
           | This has been rejected several times. I even submitted an
           | updated proposal last year with I think pretty good
           | reasoning. Yet all they said was:
           | 
           |  _> The context for usage is mark-up with links by default._
           | 
           | Getting emojis accepted is much easier.
        
             | marvindanig wrote:
             | Someone needs to design an emoji that doubles as "external
             | link" symbol!
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | You are misunderstanding the reasoning behind symbol inclusion
         | in Unicode.
         | 
         | It's not about "what could be handy" but about what is needed
         | to cover character encoding already in broad usage.
         | 
         | Japan was early adopter of cellphone internet. One way to save
         | data usage was to compose graphics as characters in a
         | proprietary encoding (specific to the carrier!)
         | 
         | Basically, in order to move Japanese handsets of custom
         | encodings and onto Unicode compatible systems, Unicode needs to
         | be able to display not just all the Japanese characters but
         | also the weird graphics that carriers decided to come up with
         | in order to decorate their online services. This is also why
         | there is so much Japanese food characters.
        
           | otras wrote:
           | > It's not about "what could be handy" but about what is
           | needed to cover character encoding already in broad usage.
           | 
           | I'm pretty unfamiliar with Unicode, and this is interesting
           | to read about. What's your take on something like Linear A
           | being included?
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_A_(Unicode_block)
        
             | wodenokoto wrote:
             | I believe unicodes mission is to include all characters
             | expressable in all writing systems "in the real world", and
             | being a replacement for major text encoding is seen as part
             | of accomplishing that mission.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | Having obsolete scripts have codepoint assignments means
             | that scholars can use Unicode for interchange. I think
             | that's a win.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | It's hard for me to take this terribly seriously given poop
           | emoji, phallic hieroglyphics, etc.
        
             | wl wrote:
             | > phallic hieroglyphics
             | 
             | The alternative is to just not have Egyptian hieroglyphs in
             | Unicode. The phallus is a frequently used symbol in Middle
             | Egyptian. Then again, what's there is half-assed. There are
             | no joining characters, so nothing displays right. And while
             | you'll probably have the characters you need most of the
             | time if you're dealing with Old Egyptian or Late Egyptian
             | texts, Serapis help you if you're working with Ptolemaic-
             | period texts.
             | 
             | At least the situation is better than with cuneiform, where
             | Unicode alone can't represent a text because the characters
             | drastically vary over time and you need to make sure you're
             | using the right font.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | Scholars need codepoint assignments for obsolete scripts
               | though.
        
               | wl wrote:
               | I agree.
               | 
               | The fact, however, is that Unicode is not sufficient for
               | scholars who use Egyptian hieroglyphs or cuneiform. For
               | the former, most people seem to use JSesh. For the
               | latter, line drawings + transliterations.
        
             | sedatk wrote:
             | I wonder if academical papers of today won't be taken
             | seriously in the future because some of the symbols we use
             | will have turned into a cultural faux pas? I hope not.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _It's not about "what could be handy" but about what is
           | needed to cover character encoding already in broad usage._
           | 
           | That ship has sailed years ago with new annual emoji
           | additions...
           | 
           | And even if that was the case, "what could be handy" would
           | still be a good thing for the Unicode standard bearers to
           | also have in mind...
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | > what is needed to cover character encoding already in broad
           | usage.
           | 
           | That isn't true anymore though, is it? At least Emoji seem
           | like a case where inclusion precedes use and noth the other
           | way around.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | Emoji existed since late 90s[1], just it was completely
             | domestic to Japanese carrier intranets and gatekeeped hard
             | that there aren't a lot of records remaining in the public
             | Internet.
             | 
             | Japanese feature phone market was weaponizing lack of emoji
             | support in modern smartphones to chase them out, but iPhone
             | happened anyway and Apple started incorporating their own
             | fragmenting SoftBank-iPhone-specific implementation into
             | iOS so Google pushed it all to Unicode to fix them all up.
             | They wanted to capture user emails into Gmail, and all
             | emojis sent from featurephones being replaced with = by
             | gateways was problematic.
             | 
             | 1: https://blog.emojipedia.org/apples-emoji-
             | evolution-1997-2018...
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _Emoji existed since late 90s[1], just it was
               | completely domestic to Japanese carrier intranets and
               | gatekeeped hard that there aren 't a lot of records
               | remaining in the public Internet._
               | 
               | Emoji yes, the new emoji we get in annual Unicode
               | updates, not...
        
             | derefr wrote:
             | The process for inclusion of most modern emoji is the
             | exception, not the rule. That exceptional process isn't one
             | you can get in on as an individual, either. It goes like
             | this:
             | 
             | 1. Some large-userbase OS+messaging services provider, like
             | Apple or Microsoft, sends a "proposal" for some new
             | codepoints to the Unicode Consortium. The explicit message
             | is "do you think these are worth standardizing?" But the
             | _implicit_ message is more unilateral: "we're giving you
             | advance notice, that we're planning on including this emoji
             | in _our_ fonts + supporting it in _our_ messengers, whether
             | you like it or not, and whether it's inter-compatible with
             | anyone else's systems or not. If you don't standardize it,
             | we'll encode it using the Private-Use Area."
             | 
             | 2. Given the Unicode Consortium's goal of never having
             | proprietary text bits flying around the Internet -- and
             | given these big service providers' histories of running
             | messaging services (e.g. MSN Messenger) that _did_ use
             | proprietary encodings for emoji, resulting in some lasting
             | problems with digital archaeology -- the Unicode Consortium
             | feel pressured by this "proposal" to standardize the
             | proposed emoji codepoints, whether they really think
             | they're "worth" being standardized or not.
             | 
             | 3. The Consortium also then feel pressured to get a new
             | standard revision out _quickly_ , to _get ahead of_ the
             | planned usage by these service-providers (because that
             | usage would have to be encoded _somehow_ , and if they
             | don't give the service-provider a codepoint to use by the
             | time they ship their new font version that includes the
             | relevant emoji, they'll just have to make up their own.) In
             | most cases, the Unicode Consortium is reactive to existing
             | usage, allowing them to judge whether there _is_ real
             | existing adoption of a symbol; but here, they have to be
             | proactive, pushing out a standard that includes a codepoint
             | _before_ knowing whether anyone will use it.
             | 
             | As a result, you'll see these large dumps of new emoji
             | where Apple/Microsoft/Google/etc. just decided
             | autocratically that the world needed some more emoji, and
             | Unicode begrudgingly followed along. It's like what
             | happened when Unicode first absorbed the emoji codepoints
             | of Japanese feature-phones; but happening just-in-time, one
             | at a time. (If those Japanese feature-phone manufacturers
             | kept introducing new emoji, they'd have had to absorb those
             | just-in-time too.)
             | 
             | There's a separate, much more sensible and deliberate
             | process the Unicode Consortium goes through you're a
             | regular-sized actor who's not attempting to strong-arm
             | them, where you _do_ tend to have to prove existing use in
             | either analogue documents, or as part of some proprietary
             | digital text format.
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | You have summarized the problem of the Unicode emoji
               | process so well, but I want to say that it is not the
               | one-directional pressure. Vendors do not want to
               | implement too many new emojis, so the number of new
               | emojis per year is essentially limited (50--100 [1]).
               | Vendors also do not want that other vendors don't
               | implement their new emojis, so they do cooperate with
               | other vendors and obey the rules set by the Consortium
               | (e.g. no trademarks). It's not comparable to individuals,
               | but it is not exactly possible for vendors to put any
               | emoji to the standard as well.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17206-emoji-and-
               | vendors.pdf
        
             | wodenokoto wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm willing to concede that there are multiple
             | reasons to include things in Unicode and some things are
             | included for utility rather than because it exist.
             | 
             | Things like half stars was added by petition similar to
             | TFA, so my post should have been more nuanced.
             | 
             | The point is that the reason why there is a seemingly
             | useless emoji and not the [insert character you really
             | want] is usually because one is preexisting and the other
             | isn't.
        
             | lifthrasiir wrote:
             | Emoji is the sole exception to this rule and then you still
             | need to convince the committee that separate WiFi, CPU or
             | RAM emojis are needed to communicate the intent (say, for
             | example, given there are other computer-related emojis). In
             | fact I do think you can, given they were probably never
             | suggested before [1] except for "wireless" which status is
             | "Prioritization Pending".
             | 
             | [1] https://unicode.org/emoji/emoji-requests.html
        
               | PurpleFoxy wrote:
               | Emoji are for communicating to other people. I can't
               | imagine why you would ever send someone a message with a
               | ram stick in it. OP sounds like they want the icon for a
               | task bar. In that case they can simply import any SVG
               | they want.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | _Emoji are for communicating to other people_
               | 
               | This is an important point that most technical people
               | miss. They want to turn Unicode into a cross-platform
               | FontAwesome. That's not what it's for.
               | 
               | There are a lot of specific-use symbols in Unicode (chess
               | pieces, for example), but those are legacy inclusions
               | because many of those symbols were included in computers
               | before the internet.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Chess pieces aren't included _just_ because of legacy
               | computer software, chess pieces and many related symbols
               | in Unicode come from  "there are hundreds of years of
               | books that use these symbols and encoding those books
               | needs these symbols".
               | 
               | I think that's also a distinction often missing in
               | technical people's assumptions about Unicode and why it
               | isn't just a cross-platform "FontAwesome" even just of
               | legacy proto-FontAwesomes like Wingdings (which is also
               | included and is its own different story). Unicode
               | Consortium likes proposals to include things such as
               | scanned documents of "here's how this 1850s book used
               | chess symbols in the flow of text to communicate how the
               | game is played". Not as adornments or images or separate
               | figures, but directly as a part of the text.
               | 
               | That was one of the things that the Power Symbol Proposal
               | [1] that was heavily discussed on HN in the past (and
               | sort of spun out of HN comments in the first place) wound
               | up learning and realizing how big that was to Unicode
               | Consortium's needs in a proposal. "How _was_ this used in
               | real examples in the flow of text? " Finding and being
               | able to cite and scan real world examples from text books
               | and help documentation is an important part of the
               | process. Even the chess pieces were about communicating
               | to other people, in the flow of text in historic books
               | and magazine articles and discussions.
               | 
               | [1] https://unicodepowersymbol.com/
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > I can't imagine why you would ever send someone a
               | message with a ram stick in it.
               | 
               | Would you consider this to be a very different thing
               | from, say, a MiniDisc? Yet there is an Emoji for that.
               | 
               | Obviously we cannot include every picture possible in
               | Unicode, but there certainly seems to be demand for a lot
               | of them. Besides really enjoying their use in texting,
               | I've also come across a lot of professional uses as well.
               | 
               | Yes, this means that the Unicode Consortium probably has
               | needed to adapt their original mission a bit, but I don't
               | see the harm in that.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | _Would you consider this to be a very different thing
               | from, say, a MiniDisc? Yet there is an Emoji for that._
               | 
               | MiniDisc makes sense for two reasons. First, because it's
               | a legacy inclusion. Second, because absolutely, you might
               | use it in a text message. "Don't forget to bring over
               | your bitchin collection of [MiniDisc] on Thursday!"
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | "Don't forget to pair your device with the classroom
               | [bluetooth] attendance meter and to join the school
               | [WiFi] to access school resources"
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | Yeah the OP's arguments wouldn't work: the typical answer
               | would be "use PUA and a custom font" as Powerline symbols
               | do (incidentally, they _have been_ proposed to Unicode
               | [1]). But as a general emoji CPU and RAM can be actually
               | substantially different from any other existing emoji,
               | which is the main concern of the Unicode emoji process.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19068r-powerline-
               | syms.pdf
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | Has the Tengwar script been added to Unicode yet? For the
         | longest time, that's been the biggest gap in Unicode that I
         | knew of.
        
           | lifthrasiir wrote:
           | I believe Cirth and Tengwar are just less prioritized, unlike
           | Klingon which was explicitly rejected (due to the non-usage
           | of Klingon speakers at that time). Maybe it just needs a re-
           | submission of the 1997 proposal by Michael Everson.
        
             | raphlinus wrote:
             | Klingon has a much more complicated history than this. The
             | usage of Klingon is higher than many of the obscure things
             | encoded in Unicode, so that's not the full reason. The real
             | reason is most likely that Paramount considers the Klingon
             | language its intellectual property and has attempted to
             | enforce it[1]. Thus, I believe the official position of the
             | Unicode consortium is that Klingon is written in Latin
             | script but with a Klingon font (ie is basically a simple
             | substitution cipher with a handful of ligatures), which
             | satisfies everybody except for those who want Klingon
             | included in Unicode.
             | 
             | ETA: The proposal[2] has been revived recently, and in the
             | committee meeting[3], they're clear that the blocker is
             | legal.
             | 
             | [1] https://ipkitten.blogspot.com/2016/05/to-boldly-go-
             | where-no-...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20181-klingon.pdf
             | 
             | [3]: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20169-script-adhoc-
             | rept.pdf
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | Ah, thank you for pointers to the revived 2020 proposal
               | (my radar to the L2 register was partially off at that
               | time). I'm not sure that Klingon the script was in
               | broader use at the time of the initial proposal though---
               | there are several constructed scripts that enjoy uses
               | comparable to Klingon's and I don't think they have been
               | well received. Or alternatively, they all actually have a
               | potential to be encoded but only Klingon speakers are
               | enthusiastic enough to pursue.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | Paramount could get more mindshare for ST if they allowed
               | Klingon to be standardized in Unicode. Meh.
        
         | m-p-3 wrote:
         | If we could also get some network topology symbols that'd be
         | nice too.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | A ton of stuff in the Unicode standard exists for legacy
         | reasons, and would never get approved today.
         | 
         | The overall goal is to standardize symbols for communication,
         | not building UIs. Everything you mentioned should be an SVG
         | instead.
        
           | mormegil wrote:
           | I hit exactly the same issue (no wifi symbol in Unicode) when
           | working on my hobby project of train timetables. Some trains
           | offer on-board wifi and it is indicated in the timetable
           | (along with other icons like bicycle transport available,
           | accessibility, etc.). Sure, I can use SVG or custom icon
           | font, but I am definitely doing "communication", not UI.
        
             | notatoad wrote:
             | i'm not well-versed in the politics of unicode, but it
             | seems like you're looking for use-specific iconography, not
             | symbols that are part of language. there's no standard
             | symbol for "bicycle transport available", or "wifi access
             | available". the three curved lines radiating from a circle
             | image adds some visual flair to your project and can be
             | used as a shorthand if you make it clear what it means, but
             | any symbol you could use there doesn't necessarily convey
             | the same meaning if i use it in my project.
             | 
             | contrast that with the symbols in this proposal - the
             | TEXTILE CARE SYMBOL WASHING TUB WITH SEVENTY DEGREES
             | CELSIUS glyph means the same thing no matter where it's
             | used.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | It's not so surprising considering Unicode is about text, not
         | about symbols.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Text _is_ symbols.
           | 
           | And Unicode in particular has _loads_ of non-letter symbols
           | in it. It 's only natural, given that a lot of these often
           | show up in line with regular letters. Think of various paper
           | documents you read, like instruction manuals, which make
           | heavy use of non-letter glyphs in text.
        
           | dale_glass wrote:
           | There's plenty symbols in it. For instance:
           | 
           | https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/miscellaneous.
           | ..
        
           | saint-loup wrote:
           | There are various Unicode blocks dedicated to symbols. There
           | are cartography symbols, domino tiles, alchemical symbols...
           | There is even a block for "legacy computing".
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_block#List_of_blocks
        
             | OskarS wrote:
             | My of these is the block dedicated to western musical
             | notation.
        
         | EMM_386 wrote:
         | > such as U+1F574 ("Man in business suit levitating")
         | 
         | It looks like this character made it into Unicode due to the
         | fact that it was part of the Webdings typeface. Given how
         | widespread that was, many of its characters made their way into
         | Unicode.
         | 
         | https://codepoints.net/U+1F574
         | 
         | Now what it's _original intent_ was, I 'm not sure.
        
           | fouc wrote:
           | > According to Jen Sorenson ... the Man in Business Suit
           | Levitating glyph in the Webdings font was intended to be an
           | exclamation mark in the style of the rude boy logo found on
           | records by The Specials published under the 2 Tone Records
           | label. So perhaps the Unicode character would have been
           | better named Rude Boy Exclamation Mark.
        
           | etxm wrote:
           | I always thought this was "hopping man at a ska show."
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | Didn't know the G-Man
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-Man_(Half-Life)) had his own
           | emoji.
        
           | lorenzfx wrote:
           | See this article for an explanation:
           | https://www.newsweek.com/2016/05/06/secret-ska-history-
           | man-b...
        
           | donatj wrote:
           | > This character was originally introduced into the Webdings
           | font as an "exclamation mark in the style of the rude boy
           | logo found on records by The Specials". This levitating man
           | was known as Walt Jabsco.
           | 
           | - https://emojipedia.org/person-in-suit-levitating/
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | TIL: there's a Wiki for emoji trivia. I love it! Thank you
             | to whoever bothers with collecting such information.
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | Emojipedia is not just an encyclopedia, it is a major
               | contributor to the Unicode emoji process (its editor,
               | Jeremy Burge, is the vice-chair of the Unicode Emoji
               | Subcommittee).
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Wow, I didn't realize that. Thanks! The way the website
               | looks, I wouldn't have guessed it's a serious player.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _was originally introduced into the Webdings font as an
             | "exclamation mark in the style of the rude boy logo found
             | on records by The Specials "_
             | 
             | Of course. What could be more useful or obvious?
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | joezydeco wrote:
             | And Walt Jabsco was based on a young Peter Tosh!
             | 
             | http://www.thespecials2.com/history2.php
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Unicode is amazing. It's grown from a character set to the
         | default registry of language and symbols generally.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Can anyone make a proposal? Would be nice if we could add a
         | general computing symbols category. Maybe one day we won't need
         | icon fonts anymore.
        
           | diydsp wrote:
           | Embedded SVG :)
        
           | ThinkingGuy wrote:
           | Sure. Here's the story of how Alex Schmidt created the bison
           | emoji:
           | 
           | https://www.bisonemojipodcast.com/
        
           | peterburkimsher wrote:
           | For those who want to write a proposal, check out the Unicode
           | Power Symbol project, who successfully got it added in 9.0.
           | 
           | https://unicodepowersymbol.com/
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21689894
           | 
           | I also discovered 11 Chinese characters for Hakka and
           | Taiwanese, and wrote a proposal for getting those added. They
           | were accepted, but are still waiting for the next batch of
           | CJK Unified Ideographs to be released.
           | 
           | https://medium.com/@peterburkimsher/hakka-news-
           | adding-11-uni...
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | I'm not sure if you found a solution to your problem, but in
         | setting up i3/Polybar, I used the "Inconsolata Nerd Font" for
         | such symbols.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > I couldn't find symbols for:
         | 
         | I can help with that:
         | 
         | > WiFi
         | 
         | "WiFi"
         | 
         | > CPU
         | 
         | "CPU"
         | 
         | > RAM
         | 
         | "RAM"
         | 
         | Clear, unambiguous, in common usage.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | Isn't it great that the English language and Latin script is
           | universally understood?
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | What's the difference between:                  icon -
             | explanation of the icon in your native language
             | word - explanation of the word in your native language
             | 
             | ? Consider that you can type the word into google and it'll
             | define it for you.
             | 
             | Do you have any evidence that laundry icons are more
             | universally understood?
             | 
             | Good luck finding any place in the world without plenty of
             | signs in latin script, at the very least.
             | 
             | Find someone in the world who can use a computer but
             | doesn't know what the word WiFi is, but would recognize an
             | icon for it he'd never seen before.
        
       | TTT1 wrote:
       | hey
        
       | maelito wrote:
       | Related : I've started to draw new emojis depicting the
       | environment and energy subjects.
       | 
       | As I don't think they would make it in the unicode standards
       | soon, I've found the openmoji project very nice, it lets
       | developers and designers use meanwhile.
       | 
       | https://github.com/laem/openmoji-environment
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | The next generation of children will have to suffer through
       | learning thousands of icons rather than 26 letters.
        
       | AceJohnny2 wrote:
       | Fun fact: Unicode can not have 2^32 symbols, but 0x10FFFF
       | (1,114,111) split across 17 "Code Planes" due, apparently, to the
       | limitations of UTF-16.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#Architecture_and_termi...
       | 
       | https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2019/09/02/number-of-possible...
        
       | caturopath wrote:
       | Huh, for some reason I was sure they had these long ago. Like,
       | snowman long ago.
       | 
       | Incidentally, I know I'm probably a grownup since I now divide my
       | laundry five ways:
       | 
       | - Colors
       | 
       | - Whites
       | 
       | - Towel colors
       | 
       | - Towel whites
       | 
       | - Lint-free towels/rags
       | 
       | I think this helps, but I don't know where you get real data.
        
       | cyberlab wrote:
       | There's more proposals here:
       | 
       | https://github.com/Crissov/unicode-proposals/issues/
       | 
       | There's a rather whimsical one proposed called the Priest Emoji!
       | 
       | https://github.com/Crissov/unicode-proposals/issues/425
       | 
       | Instead of having proposals, why not just implement every
       | thing/subject/object/symbol we can think of?
        
         | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
         | Because there can only be 17x2^16 - 2048 - 66 = 1,111,998
         | unicode code points.
         | https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2019/09/02/number-of-possible...
         | 
         | Of course that limitation is artificial, due to compatibility
         | with UTF-16 and UCS-2. So Microsoft would likely block such a
         | proposal, since they'd have to change how Windows does
         | character encoding.
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | It seems like the Unicode Symposium has engaged in a massive
       | employment program for itself with a mission that will continue
       | into perpetuity.
       | 
       | Obviously ASCII was insufficient as it only really had Latin
       | characters. Providing a standard interchange for the world's
       | languages is a noble goal.
       | 
       | But then (IMHO) Unicode went completely off the rails by trying
       | to create a code point for every imagine symbol, including emoji.
       | And now I guess textile care symbols.
       | 
       | All the while, it's missing (at least as of 2015) key characters
       | in living languages [1], engaged in the highly controversial Han
       | Unification [2] (interestingly, there are Latin/Cyrilic and other
       | duplicates that there is no attempt to "unify" [3]) and
       | implemented Unicode code point modifiers.
       | 
       | Emoji, in particular, seems to be a huge mistake (IMHO). Like...
       | it's going to be constantly changing. What's wrong with
       | hierarchical approaches that we've used for things like DNS?
       | Create a Unicode code point for "emoji" and then the next code
       | point is a completely different standard.
       | 
       | The goal of creating a code point for everything just seems...
       | wrong. We already have >1M code points. In 100 years at this rate
       | we're going to have 1B+ code points where 99.99% of them are
       | never used.
       | 
       | Why can't we just solve the problem of expressing written
       | languages and keep the rest to a different space?
       | 
       | [1]: https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/i-can-text-you-a-pile-
       | of...
       | 
       | [2]:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification#:~:text=Han%20....
       | 
       | [3]:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicod...
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | It is not true that every emoji is a single codepoint - for
         | instance the flags are country code strings and there are many
         | other cases. The original set were separate characters because
         | they were imported from a different standard.
         | 
         | Nobody really cares about Han unification either. It's fine,
         | especially since you can use variation selectors or specify the
         | text language to get appropriate fonts.
         | 
         | Now I'm curious because Wikipedia mentions the Han group has
         | "experts from North Korea"...
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | I'd argue that textile care symbols are part of "written
         | language", just as mathematical symbols or typographical marks
         | for example, which exist in Unicode.
         | 
         | Emoji... not so much
        
           | jmole wrote:
           | Agree with you 100% on textile care symbols.
           | 
           | Emoji were certainly written language prior to unicode, but
           | their expansion is unquestionably political since there is no
           | well-defined "natural expression" of emoji that don't exist
           | yet. It doesn't help that their standard [0] on what
           | qualifies for inclusion and what doesn't is very poor,
           | especially this: "Already representable. Can the concept be
           | represented by another emoji or sequence, even if the image
           | is not exactly the same?"
           | 
           | Let's say I want an emoji for glass of water for example.
           | There is already one for glass of milk: . Well, I could use
           | or or maybe even by itself is good enough, so my proposal
           | would not be accepted.
           | 
           | 0 - https://www.unicode.org/emoji/proposals.html
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | yccs27 wrote:
       | I guess this poses the question: Is there a clear boundary
       | between text and icons? And in which cases should icons be
       | handled like characters?
       | 
       | Plain symbols within text clearly belong in a font. Logos, on the
       | other hand, are images, not characters. Icon fonts, which are
       | somewhere in between, became popular for webdesign but seem to be
       | falling out of favor again. What is the current "best practice"
       | here?
        
         | willvarfar wrote:
         | Things like laundry labels are an international language. They
         | are understood (or not) irregardless of country and written
         | language.
        
           | lifthrasiir wrote:
           | To be clear laundry labels are _candidates_ to become an
           | international language. They are currently not.
        
             | ComputerGuru wrote:
             | There is no entity that can decree something an
             | international language or otherwise, even if an entity were
             | arrogant enough to claim that it could do so.
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | I'll just add a meta comment that `understood (or not)
           | irregardless` is the most value-ambiguous utterance I've read
           | in a long while; quite clear to me what you meant, but
           | probably would be quite a 'head scratcher' for an AI.
        
         | kijin wrote:
         | Many writing systems evolved from what we might consider icons.
         | The letter A comes from the head of an ox, which becomes much
         | more obvious if you put it upside down like [?]. Many Chinese
         | characters retain a similarity to the objects they represent:
         | "tree" is Mu  and "fire" is Huo  (imagine a bonfire). The
         | Korean consonants g and n represent the general position and
         | shape of your tongue when you make the "k" and "n" sounds,
         | respectively. All of these symbols began their life as icons,
         | but were later recognized as text as people converged on a
         | certain usage.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | No, there is no clear boundary between text and icons. What is
         | included in Unicode and in what way is decided case by case.
         | See for example the regional indicator symbols.[1] Always two
         | of them indicate a particular country code according to ISO
         | 3166-1.[2] They resolve into a sort of a logo: the flag of the
         | country. (Guess what happens with rendering a legacy Unicode
         | document, when a country changes its flag ...)
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_indicator_symbol
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2
        
       | tremon wrote:
       | This is more useful than some other recent additions, I'd say.
       | It's somewhat surprising that this hasn't been included before,
       | but maybe that's because this was standardized well before
       | Unicode came to be.
        
         | hannasanarion wrote:
         | There was an attempt to add these to unicode in the mid 00s,
         | and it failed for the same reason this will: GINETEX won't
         | grant the trademark license, because then they'd no longer be
         | able to ensure that whoever has the rights to use the symbols
         | is using them correctly.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | Interesting, what other stand iconology is present in unicode ?
       | general safety ? road safety ? chemistry ?
        
         | grose wrote:
         | How about alchemy?
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemical_Symbols_(Unicode_bl...
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | Unicode is supposed to encode writing. These are not part of any
       | writing system I'm aware of. If Unicode adds these, that steps
       | over the line from being descriptive (ie. this is writing
       | actually in use), to prescriptive (ie. these should be treated as
       | writing).
       | 
       | Maybe that boat already sailed with emojis, though.
       | 
       | I think the main motivation for stuff like this is for people to
       | feel good about having an impact on something like Unicode. I
       | fail to see how this adds any value to Unicode.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Is it time to admit that simply storing everything as an image is
       | the future?
       | 
       | Sure, it isn't technically as neat, but it gives far more
       | flexibility. It happens already in memes (where text is usually
       | part of a gif)
       | 
       | Text and text encoding dates back from the days when every byte
       | of storage space mattered. Now lossless high resolution images
       | are the norm, and wouldn't constrain what symbols could be
       | included. If you want to make a word be slightly bendy for style,
       | you can!
       | 
       | Accessibility, relayout, etc. can all be done with images too -
       | you simply have a tool which extracts the text, transforms it
       | however you please, and then puts it back as an image.
        
         | Hackbraten wrote:
         | I strongly disagree.
         | 
         | - You can copy a text symbol and put it into a search engine to
         | figure out what it means.
         | 
         | - Screen readers can recognize text symbols without needing an
         | alt text.
         | 
         | - Text is more flexible on dark or light backgrounds and has
         | better contrast.
         | 
         | - Text is better suited for virtual keyboards and auto-correct
         | or auto-replacement.
         | 
         | - Text can be used in input fields.
         | 
         | - Text has native rendering hints built-in, such as baseline
         | and kerning, which improves inline rendering.
         | 
         | - Text is more flexible when choosing a glyph. For example, you
         | can render it larger for the visually impaired, or change fonts
         | and put a special glyph into the font.
         | 
         | - Text is more flexible when choosing color vs. black-and-white
         | output. Try printing an emoji to see what I mean.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Tooling could be built to do all of that for images too.
           | 
           | For example you could take part of an image and put it into a
           | search engine too... That search engine would take images as
           | input, and where the image represents writing if some kind,
           | it would return relevant results.
           | 
           | Screen readers could look into an image and read out any
           | writing found, just like some screen readers can describe an
           | image ("person in boat holding flag"). Deep nets that can do
           | this reasonably well have been around years now.
        
             | peterburkimsher wrote:
             | Find my girlfriend a dress that doesn't need ironing.
             | 
             | Easy if there's a "do not iron" symbol in text to search.
             | Much harder to grep if it's an image.
        
             | cameronh90 wrote:
             | The tooling for doing all that with images is called a
             | font.
        
             | visarga wrote:
             | You can do all that but you'd have to use a neural net
             | instead of "find..." Neural nets make plenty of errors,
             | including on OCR (at least 2-4%).
        
         | shadowfaxRodeo wrote:
         | How would the software that lets me add text to images work?
         | Presumably it would use unicode.
         | 
         | And how would the software that extracts text from an image
         | store the extracted text? If it comes accross a number of
         | symbols from different domains how would it save them, and what
         | table of contents would it use as a reference? Unicode.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | But that's an implementation detail - some software might let
           | you hand write text into an image with a brush or pen, and
           | that might use as its internal representation the X,Y
           | coordinates of the brush strokes.
        
             | shadowfaxRodeo wrote:
             | So then how will the software convert the X,Y coordinates
             | into text that is read out to a screen reader? I think many
             | of the other comments put it more eloquently than I can.
        
         | yccs27 wrote:
         | _you simply have a tool which extracts the text, transforms it
         | however you please, and then puts it back as an image._
         | 
         | Then you still need some way to handle text, and image to text
         | is not reliable. Text simply has so much more distilled
         | information. Images are nice for humans, but I can't imagine
         | them as a storage format for programs.
        
         | Retr0spectrum wrote:
         | _you simply have a tool which extracts the text, transforms it
         | however you please, and then puts it back as an image._
         | 
         | This is extremely non-simple. It is a strictly harder problem
         | than just... encoding image+text in a sane container format
         | like HTML or SVG.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | But with various AI/ML approaches it's now becoming pretty
           | straightforward. And lots of new hardware has ML
           | acceleration.
        
             | Retr0spectrum wrote:
             | So we train an ML model to convert images to text. How do
             | we encode that text information?
        
               | j16sdiz wrote:
               | Hyper Textile Markup Language, of course.
        
         | jstimpfle wrote:
         | This is the most absurd thing I've heard this month. The page
         | you are looking at right now _is_ in fact an image that your
         | computer put on screen.
         | 
         | However, that fact does not help you when you want to reply to
         | my comment. Or more generally, if you want to edit, transform,
         | store, compress, search.
         | 
         | I can easily search 1GB of text on my computer for a specific
         | pattern. I could not even _store_ all that information directly
         | encoded as (say) raster or vector graphics.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | Fonts are a standard and cross-platform way to bundle vector
         | images.
         | 
         | Now if we only had some way to figure out which image in the
         | bundle corresponds to what... Maybe some encoding scheme where
         | we assign a numeric ID to each image?
         | 
         | (Oh wait...)
        
       | superasn wrote:
       | Little related but saw a nice documentary(1) called "Have you
       | ever heard of the "Emoji Commission"? | DW Documentary" where a
       | lady became a passive member by buying a $20K ticket or something
       | to get a dumpling emoji added (IIRC it was sometime ago).
       | 
       | If you have time to kill, it's super interesting on how they
       | decide which emojis to add.
       | 
       | (1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fr9L27V337E
        
       | bluenose69 wrote:
       | I always wondered what those weird symbols on my clothes were
       | for. And why everything shrank, wrinkled, or changed colour.
        
       | Techasura wrote:
       | Absolutely support this for many reasons.
        
       | tarsinge wrote:
       | In the meantime, still no external link symbol.
        
       | quelsolaar wrote:
       | Unicode is a secret moat for the large tech companies. The more
       | crap they add, the harder it is for anyone who starts fresh to
       | catch up. For every new emoticon, that teenagers expect to have,
       | the chance they have more platform choices diminishes. Standards
       | like these should not exist, unless the standard body also
       | provides a free conformant reference implementation.
        
         | centimeter wrote:
         | It's also a way for large tech companies to unilaterally
         | exercise neurotic political projects, like replacing the emoji
         | for "pistol" with a squirt gun. Apple or Google can do whatever
         | they want to Emoji in violation of the Unicode standard and
         | other vendors are more or less forced to follow suit.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | Unicode is a vast standard and have many separate parts.
         | Unicode the character set is a significant but miniscule part
         | of it. You don't need much to support Unicode if you don't do
         | display (or delegate the display to someone else, like web
         | browsers). The conformance requirements are also loosely worded
         | that you can declare many parts of them as unsupported and move
         | on [1].
         | 
         | Unicode also packages an essential but (in hindsight) complex
         | concept and process like "what is the word boundary" or "what
         | are characters usable as a part of identifiers" into a neat
         | algorithm and data table. The algorithm is more complex than
         | the data, which is readily available for you. Assigning a new
         | character to Unicode mostly means a change to that data, not to
         | the algorithm. If you consider one should be able to display
         | every assigned character as expected to be fully conforming to
         | Unicode---I stress it's not true, but if we assume so---then
         | there would be no conforming implementation of Unicode at all.
         | All Unicode implementations just implement what they need to
         | support.
         | 
         | [1] For example, the requirement C12 (https://www.unicode.org/v
         | ersions/Unicode13.0.0/ch03.pdf#page...) specifies that you need
         | to implement the Unicode Bidirectional algorithm only if you
         | support right-to-left characters. In the other words you don't
         | have to implement the Bidi algorithm for conformance.
        
         | baggy_trough wrote:
         | "should not exist" is pretty strong. Unicode is a great
         | improvement over what came before.
        
           | centimeter wrote:
           | Is your life really improved by having access to <tilted
           | heart face>?
           | 
           | Unicode is a massive clusterfuck. We've completely eliminated
           | most of the advantages it might have held in the first place,
           | like unambiguous character seeking from an arbitrary offset
           | into the encoded byte stream. Now you have characters
           | composed of multiple codepoints, for a few legitimate use
           | cases like diacritics (which should actually not be handled
           | this way) but mostly for dumb hybrid emoji shit. "Zero width
           | joiners" should not exist. Even the diacritic stuff is total
           | nonsense, and unsurprisingly has resulted in multiple serious
           | vulnerabilities on various platform (iOS has had like 5
           | diacritic-induced crashes).
           | 
           | It's fine to have a panlingual character standard, but it
           | should be implemented as a minimal set of complete characters
           | (no multi-codepoint bullshit) without pictorial nonsense like
           | <various stupid multi-codepoint emoji> which should obviously
           | be handled by a generalized vector graphics format.
           | 
           | Edit: in a hilarious demonstration of my point, HN strips
           | emoji from the post text!
        
         | fastball wrote:
         | I'm not sure I follow. I use Unicode in my startup - what
         | exactly do I need to catch up on?
        
           | quelsolaar wrote:
           | (Not knowing your startup ill make loads of assumptions here,
           | sorry if I get it wrong)
           | 
           | If you are drawing Unicode characters that include a full
           | range of Emoticons, you are most likely using a platform API
           | provided by Apple/Google/Microsoft or similar. You, like most
           | developers, most likely live in "Big-tech land", so you get
           | this for "free".
           | 
           | If you want to port your application to an open source
           | platform or a new upstart platform, where this isn't
           | available, they may not have the resources to draw thousands
           | of Emoticons, so its harder for them to attract you as a
           | developer.
           | 
           | Lets say someone is writing a SMS app for something like a
           | PinePhone. SMS is open enough protocol that this is possible.
           | The UI for a chat app is something you can build in fairly
           | short order. There are plenty of open fonts, you can use, but
           | there are no open fonts that have thousands of detailed and
           | sometimes animated Emoticons. Without Emoticons very few
           | people are going to want to use a PinePhone as their main
           | communications device. The amount of effort needed to
           | implement a SMS chat vs a SMS chat + draw all emoticons
           | people use is massive.
           | 
           | Unicode, and SMS are both open, but given the size of the
           | Unicode Spec, its effectively shutting out any small player
           | form implementing it. Big tech gets to claim they use open
           | standards, but at the same time make sure no one can threaten
           | them.
           | 
           | Its a bit like when Microsoft tried to make a standard for
           | documents so complicated that only word could implement it.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > If you want to port your application to an open source
             | platform or a new upstart platform, where this isn't
             | available, they may not have the resources to draw
             | thousands of Emoticons, so its harder for them to attract
             | you as a developer.
             | 
             | License a commercial font or use Twitter's CC-BY font:
             | https://twemoji.twitter.com/
             | 
             | > Unicode, and SMS are both open, but given the size of the
             | Unicode Spec, its effectively shutting out any small player
             | form implementing it.
             | 
             | You only need to implement the Unicode spec if you want
             | your own emoji designs.
        
             | lifthrasiir wrote:
             | You seems unaware of why emoji got accepted to Unicode in
             | the first place. Emoji was originated from Japan's three
             | big telcos, which had different sets _and_ encodings of
             | emojis (e.g. some used Shift_JIS extension, some used
             | embedded images via HTML, some used SI /SO sequences). It
             | was already impossible to write a SMS app without
             | accounting for this peculiarity. Unicode thus made this
             | situation much easier, not harder.
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | Are there not any open-source fonts that support the full
             | Unicode spec?
             | 
             | You only need to implement glyphs people are actually
             | using. If people are using [some glyphs] from the Unicode
             | spec in your app, yes of course you need to use a font that
             | implements them. How else could it possibly work? What
             | would your alternative be?
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Here's a test: how many of those icons can you correctly identify
       | without reading the accompanying explanation?
       | 
       | I.e. use words instead. Words work just fine. Words can be looked
       | up in a dictionary (or just type them into google).
       | 
       | Good luck googling a scribble.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | I don't think this will work because it is my understanding that
       | these symbols are copyrighted and require a fee for use in
       | garments.
       | 
       | https://www.ginetex.net/userfiles/files/Textile_care_symbols...
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | At least in the USA: Symbols can't be copyrighted, only their
         | encoding (eg the svg or otf) may be. Visual styles and their
         | likeness may not be copyrighted.
         | 
         | Symbols may be trademarked but that is specifically for logos
         | and is a different concern (eg fair use rules differ, intention
         | is to avoid confusion not preserve IP, etc).
         | 
         | (You can make an exact riff off any font but if you code it
         | from scratch it is ok.)
        
           | hannasanarion wrote:
           | They are not copyrighted, they are trademarked by a nonprofit
           | called GINETEX that licenses them freely, but with agreements
           | that mandate their correct use.
           | 
           | They are not likely to want to give an open license to the
           | public via unicode that might result in incorrect labeling.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | Yes, that's a main reason why Korea and Japan (used to) have
         | their own laundry symbols (KS K 0021 and JIS L 0217
         | respectively). Japan recently switched to ISO 3758 to match
         | with China, which had switched from its own symbol much earlier
         | though.
        
           | myspy wrote:
           | So if there is an ISO 3758 norm, does that mean the symbols
           | there are copyrighted by Ginetex? The symbols almost look the
           | same as far as I can see.
        
             | lifthrasiir wrote:
             | They are identical (AFAIK). Being a standard doesn't mean
             | its original copyrights or licensing requiements have been
             | waived.
        
         | bloak wrote:
         | Interesting...
         | 
         | The document you linked to says they are "protected under
         | trademark law", not copyright.
         | 
         | I would guess they are "certification marks", which are a bit
         | different from a normal trade mark like "Apple" or whatever.
         | 
         | Their web site says: "GINETEX IS AN INDEPENDENT NON-PROFIT
         | ASSOCIATION UNDER FRENCH LAW". So I would hope the fees are not
         | exorbitant. But who knows? It's an independent organisation. If
         | it did turn evil, would the French government intervene?
        
         | myspy wrote:
         | Interesting, I didn't know that. Crazy that it's in the hand of
         | one entity.
        
       | simias wrote:
       | I always thought that unicode opened pandora's box with emojis.
       | It makes sense to represent those that already existed in
       | previous encodings for compatibility (it is meant to be
       | _universal_ , after all), but beyond that it's just a minefield
       | IMO. In particular a big annoyance with emojis is that their
       | representation varies a lot from device to device or even from
       | application to application. You can expect that a B or a F will
       | be recognizable in any non-windings font, but many emojis look
       | different enough to the point of changing pretty drastically
       | their semantics.
       | 
       | I'm starting to think it would've made more sense to allow
       | unicode to allow to embed small vector icons directly in the text
       | format. Some kind of restricted SVG-like dialect that would be
       | handled correctly by all unicode parsers and look the same
       | everywhere.
       | 
       | This way anybody could design their own application specific
       | icons and emojis, you could either allow free-form emojis or only
       | whitelist site-approved variants. Think something like
       | fontawesome, but it'd work anywhere you can put unicode text.
       | 
       | Sure, it would significantly increase the size of the text but is
       | it usually a big problem? It would compress very well, and in my
       | experience text storage is pretty negligible these days in most
       | applications compared to images and videos.
       | 
       | Instead it seems that we need to allocate codepoints and ask
       | people to create fonts for textile care symbols, and national
       | dishes, and all sorts of sports, and...
        
         | toto444 wrote:
         | I have a site that makes heavy use of Emojis and to have the
         | same rendering on every device I use the Twemoji (A simple
         | library that provides standard Unicode emoji support across all
         | platforms) made by Twitter.
         | 
         | https://github.com/twitter/twemoji
         | 
         | Without this maintaining compatibility with all platforms is a
         | nightmare.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | > I'm starting to think it would've made more sense to allow
         | unicode to allow to embed small vector icons directly in the
         | text format.
         | 
         | Unicode folks are also feeling this pain and there have been
         | multiple attempts to decouple the emoji business from Unicode:
         | the closest to what you've described is the Coded Hashes of
         | Arbitrary Images [1]. (The proposed encoding is wasteful but of
         | course would have been improved if it were accepted.)
         | Considering that the Unicode consortium is a consortium of
         | _vendors_ , this emoji business is suboptimal even for vendors.
         | But there seems no particularly good way to efficiently and
         | securely implement such mechanisms.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16105r-unicode-image-
         | hash.p...
        
           | bdowling wrote:
           | Interesting. Apparently TR-52 allows for arbitrarily long
           | strings of tag values for emoji variants. So the standard
           | could, theoretically anyway, allow an emoji variant that
           | includes an entire PNG or SVG.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | thecopy wrote:
       | What problem is this solving?
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | Printing of textile care labels ... that are on all of your
         | garments, towels and bedclothes.
        
           | steerablesafe wrote:
           | I wonder how they did it before.
        
             | practice9 wrote:
             | By using custom fonts?
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Using different fonts.
             | 
             | A font is just[0] a table that maps numbers to pictures. A
             | typical font will map a number 65 to a picture of what we
             | know as letter 'A' in Latin alphabet. But there's nothing
             | preventing you from making a font that will contain, at
             | index 65, a picture of a dog. Or a "hand washing" symbol.
             | And this is what people did - both to support non-English
             | alphabets in the era where "printable character" meant "7
             | bits", and to support mixing graphics with text (if you add
             | that missing bit to make a full byte, you get 128 more
             | codes to play with).
             | 
             | Ultimately, screens and printers don't understand letters -
             | they understand arrays of color values (or, occasionally,
             | colors attached to parameters of a curve). Fonts are the
             | intermediary, and you can draw anything with text if you
             | supply the right font. The problem is though, if you had a
             | custom mapping of characters to pictures, you had to ship
             | it with your text, and make sure users know how to
             | configure their software to use your specific font for your
             | text.
             | 
             | Unicode exists to allow every number describing a character
             | to have a fixed, standardized meaning, so that you can send
             | text around independently of the fonts. Instead of fighting
             | for the same 256 codes, there are now over a million
             | possible codes, and fonts declare which code ranges they
             | know how to draw. As a result, you don't have to worry
             | about mixing alphabets and graphics in text anymore - worst
             | that can happen is that something will get rendered as a
             | placeholder. But it won't get rendered as a wrong symbol.
             | 
             | --
             | 
             | [0] - Well, strongly simplifying. In reality, the "picture"
             | can be anything from a bitmap, a set of bitmaps, a vector
             | image, or executable code; the mapping part can also be
             | executable code. A prime example of "code is data" :).
             | Simple devices like thermal printers might accept only a
             | trivial byte-to-bitmap mapping (aka. "bitmap fonts"). More
             | complex ones will work with modern fonts, which are
             | essentially programs that interpret text and produce
             | instructions to draw it. Pushed to extreme, you get things
             | like a videogame inside a font[1], or a font that
             | automatically translates startup marketing copy into plain
             | English[2].
             | 
             | [1] - https://www.coderelay.io/fontemon.html
             | 
             | [2] - https://www.sansbullshitsans.com/
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | In a complicated manner.
             | 
             | Really, why is this a problem for people on HN?
             | 
             | I'm hoping it's not what I think it is.
        
             | kstenerud wrote:
             | I wonder how they did mathematical symbols before.
             | 
             | I wonder how they did arrows before.
             | 
             | I wonder how they did musical symbols before.
             | 
             | I wonder how they did typesetting markers before.
             | 
             | I wonder how they did braille before.
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | It's on the linked page:
             | 
             |  _Wash Care Symbols M54
             | 
             | The font Wash Care Symbols M54 has already implemented
             | textile care symbols. However, they are encoded in the C0
             | Controls and Basic Latin block._
        
         | rakoo wrote:
         | What problem is alchemical symbols(https://unicode-
         | table.com/en/blocks/alchemical-symbols/) solving ? Not every
         | character is solving an issue, but they represent something
         | that exists today and is already a standard icon.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | I'm not sure about all the sections, but this section:
           | 
           | > Symbols for salt, vitriol
           | 
           | would be useful for sure on HN!
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | Alchemical symbols are used for digitizing alchemical
           | treatises, like this one:
           | https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/newton/mss/norm/ALCH00001/
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | yarcob wrote:
         | Make it easier for web shops to show care labels for the
         | products they sell?
        
           | martyvis wrote:
           | Unless you can be sure the client has the typeface to render
           | the unicode symbol, you need to supply the font, so you might
           | as well just send the needed PNG or SVG.
        
       | deskamess wrote:
       | Glad that the language is something I cannot read. It was fun
       | trying to interpret the icons and coming to a realization that
       | either I or the images are too obtuse.
       | 
       | What does an extra line added to an already existing icon mean?
        
         | eMSF wrote:
         | The underlines mean gentle (and very gentle) as explained in
         | the table at the top (see TEXTILE CARE SYMBOL COMBINING BAR
         | BELOW etc.)
        
           | deskamess wrote:
           | Ah... thanks!
        
         | bsdubernerd wrote:
         | Same here. I intuitively understand some of them, others I know
         | because I had to look up to before, but otherwise I also
         | consider most of them obtuse.
         | 
         | I guess the main point is that they're already standardized.
        
       | fjfaase wrote:
       | I wonder what the purpose is of adding more and more symbols to a
       | standard that was originally intended to represent texts in
       | written languages. It almost feels like it is the easy part of
       | 'improving' the standard: Adding more symbols, while at the same
       | time there are still many problems with missing characters for
       | existing character sets.
       | https://www.w3.org/International/articles/missing-char-glyph...
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | The document was last updated in 2003. Nowadays Unicode
         | provides a solution to the gaiji problem: the Ideographic
         | Variation Database [1]. For unencoded Han characters using
         | Ideographic Description Sequences as ligatures is now quite
         | viable.
         | 
         | [1] https://unicode.org/ivd/
        
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