[HN Gopher] Waking Up During Surgery (2019)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Waking Up During Surgery (2019)
        
       Author : hoffmannesque
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2021-04-22 08:42 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mosaicscience.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mosaicscience.com)
        
       | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
       | "This all makes anaesthesia as much art as science"
       | 
       | This is one of the most important parts of the piece. It is
       | something that most people out side of healthcare are not aware.
       | 
       | Anaesthesia is very much an art.
       | 
       | Anaesthesia is unlike other medications, "take xx mg over yy
       | days."
       | 
       | Anaesthesia effects can vary wildly from person to person. Weight
       | plays a big role, but so does bed position, condition, sex, body
       | part etc. There is a variety of confounding factors. There is no
       | textbook dosage for a given situation.
       | 
       | Anecdotally, acknowledging this before any surgery with a simple
       | bedside conversation, may improve outcomes with anaesthesia.
       | 
       | Anaestheologists move from patient to patient quickly.
       | Recognizing how their job is more than just inserting the needle,
       | will make you stand out from other patients.
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | That's really the case for medication, as well. I wish doctors
         | would be better in this regard and pay more attention to
         | individual needs. I understand that would be more difficult and
         | would likely increase costs, but still.
         | 
         | The way it's done now is as you said, "take x mg at y interval"
         | based on the tests done during drug development. If you don't
         | respond to the medication the same way as the majority, you're
         | in for a ride. If x drug doesn't work, try something else until
         | something works. It's a pretty terrible approach, tbh.
         | 
         | It's rare to find a doctor who will keep in mind the many
         | individual factors, often they have a lot of experience (to
         | build that database of knowledge, which sadly is not shared)
         | and _actual interest_ in their work, a surprisingly rare thing.
        
           | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
           | That's well said.
           | 
           | Just because it is standard practice doesn't mean its the
           | best approach. Its just the accepted approach.
           | 
           | Nassim Taleb has a quote on the subject that i love:
           | 
           | "The difference between medicine and poison... is dosage"
        
             | knodi123 wrote:
             | Nearly 500 years ago, Swiss physician and chemist
             | Paracelsus expressed the basic principle of toxicology:
             | "All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only
             | the dose makes a thing not a poison."
        
           | shigawire wrote:
           | This is the role of the modern pharmacist in the clinical
           | team.
           | 
           | Nurse is the care expert
           | 
           | Physician is the diagnosis and treatment expert
           | 
           | Pharmacist is the medication expert
        
         | tejohnso wrote:
         | Reminds me of this somewhat relevant post about the mysteries
         | of Anesthesia
         | 
         | https://medium.com/@lukehollomon/anesthesia-works-on-plants-...
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | Further reading:
       | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/wzj6WkudtrXQFqL8e/inverse-p-...
        
       | murbard2 wrote:
       | Thought experiment: what if we were all aware during general
       | anasthesia and felt all the pain and these cases differed only in
       | that they retained a long term memory of it?
       | 
       | I know there are ways to measure pain, brain activity etc that
       | most likely rule this out. But what if? Are experiences, even
       | unpleasant ones, really experienced if they leave no trace at
       | all, not even a memory?
        
         | stared wrote:
         | Without going into too much spoilers, a horror video game
         | Amnesia: The Dark Descent has some tropes around this topic.
        
         | edem wrote:
         | My idea was that anasthesia switches off consciousness itself.
         | It is like closing your eye when you look at the Sun while
         | using painkillers is like wearing sunglasses.
        
           | Koshkin wrote:
           | General anesthesia does have an analgesic effect. Many people
           | who woke up during a surgery have reported not feeling any
           | pain. My fear is that sedation, on the other hand, could lead
           | to the patient suffering but not remembering (much of) it
           | afterwards.
        
             | thret wrote:
             | Yes, this is my fear. After surgery it is not a problem,
             | but in the weeks leading up to a surgery it's terrifying.
        
         | throwanem wrote:
         | Potentially relevant research discussing, in part, whether
         | drugs that disrupt memory formation and/or sympathetic nervous
         | system activation can improve outcomes after traumatic events:
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4620711/
        
         | darkerside wrote:
         | Yes? You think you keep your memories when you die?
        
           | bloak wrote:
           | Interestingly, in Germany at least, when someone is killed in
           | an accident, in determining the damages payable to the
           | person's estate (i.e. other people) they take account of how
           | much pain (it is speculated that) the person suffered in the
           | seconds before they died. To me this seems ... weird. I don't
           | think they're worried about psychological trauma in the
           | afterlife, but who knows?
        
             | darkerside wrote:
             | I agree with it. Just because it ends doesn't mean it
             | didn't happen.
        
               | bloak wrote:
               | I can't decide whether I agree or not.
               | 
               | For an extra level of weirdness, imagine the person who
               | caused the accident collecting the damages. It's not very
               | improbable: you could be driving a car with your parents
               | as passengers and you crash it, through honest
               | incompetence, without committing a criminal offence, and
               | they die, painfully, while you survive. Your insurance
               | pays money into the estate for the pain your parents
               | suffered, and you then collect that money, minus
               | inheritance tax. By adding to your feelings of guilt,
               | perhaps it's a fair punishment?
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | Separate note. Don't make the mistake of thinking meaning
               | and life are binary. People too often think life is
               | meaningful (everything is eternally meaningful) or
               | completely meaningless. Allow that neither of those are
               | true, and that all things carry some meaning for some
               | amount of time.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | You're feelings of guilt have nothing to do with
               | externally imposed punishment. Everybody is going to
               | react differently. Since will feel tremendous guilt and
               | some won't. Even if they do, some will handle it well and
               | some won't. It's not an effective way to mete out
               | punishment.
               | 
               | The world is senseless enough already. (I believe) the
               | best we can do as humans is to try to make it a little
               | more fair, which means connecting negative effects to
               | negative causes. And when we do the opposite, we build
               | systems that sow chaos. To that end, I have to say I'm
               | actually philosophically offended by your suggestion.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | Is that weird tho?
             | 
             | If a type of accident is usually going to cause horrible
             | pain if it causes death, this creates a bigger incentive to
             | avoid serious injury in the first place (which also helps
             | avoid death from those injuries).
             | 
             | If suffering is taken into account for injury, also taking
             | it into account for death avoids situations where it would
             | be preferable for the perpetrator to cause death rather
             | than have the victim survive in pain. There's no threshold
             | because the fatality is considered in addition to rather
             | than instead of the suffering.
        
             | Xenoamorphous wrote:
             | Well if a loved one died I for sure would feel even worse
             | knowing that they suffered. I guess that's the reason for
             | bigger compensation.
        
               | bloak wrote:
               | If that were the reason, then surely the compensation
               | ought to be paid directly to the lover or lovers rather
               | than to the estate of the person who died, who might have
               | left their money to charity, not to the lover or lovers.
               | They almost certainly do have mechanisms in place for
               | compensating family members directly, but compensation
               | for pain suffered in the seconds before death goes to the
               | estate of the dead person, not to the family, if what I
               | read was accurate and still applies. That compensation is
               | presumably independent of whether the deceased had any
               | family and independent of who inherits it.
        
         | andix wrote:
         | This is known to be kind of true. At least some part of the
         | body remembers the pain. And it can have some long lasting
         | effects (chronic pain, or stress). That's why nowadays during
         | many surgeries they try to suppress the pain as much as
         | possible locally.
         | 
         | So if you get surgery on your leg, it is best if you have
         | additional anaesthesia or pain killers working in this
         | particular leg. So you wouldn't feel all the pain even without
         | general anaesthesia.
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | Here's something worse: for a while, _curare_ was used on
       | children when undergoing surgery. Turns out that rather than
       | anesthetizing them, it simply paralyzed them. Kids came out of
       | surgery describing how they felt the surgery, and doctors just
       | insisted that that was post-surgery nightmares.
        
         | StavrosK wrote:
         | That's too bad, it seems like a pretty easy to confirm, but I
         | suspect nobody gave a crap.
        
           | ectopod wrote:
           | This is reminiscent of the lethal injection protocol. It
           | consists of:
           | 
           | * A fast- and short-acting barbiturate to knock you out.
           | 
           | * A muscle relaxant to stop you breathing.
           | 
           | * Potassium chloride to induce a heart attack. It
           | incidentally causes great pain.
           | 
           | If the effect of the barbiturate wore off too quickly this
           | would be an appalling death. Does it? Quite possibly. The
           | creator of the protocol said
           | 
           | > _It never occurred to me when we set this up that we 'd
           | have complete idiots administering the drugs_
           | 
           | But nobody gives a shit.
        
             | StavrosK wrote:
             | I wonder if a heroin overdose would be better.
        
       | rybosworld wrote:
       | I woke up during a procedure as a kid. I do have a faint memory
       | of it, though no trauma (as far as I can tell) and I do not
       | remember having any pain. Basically the doctors just gave me more
       | anesthesia and I went back under.
        
       | jeffreyrogers wrote:
       | I woke up while having my wisdom teeth taken out (doubt it was
       | general anesthesia, but it was something more than local
       | anesthesia). It was incredibly painful. Fortunately they noticed
       | pretty quickly and did something and I was out again pretty
       | quick.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | This happened to me when I had teeth removed for braces while
         | under N20. When the wisdom teeth came out I opted for sodium
         | pentothol.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Yes, this has happened to me (Ativan wore off) too but I was
         | more disoriented than in pain at that point.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | cj wrote:
       | I'm inclined to chalk this up to false memories. Especially if
       | someone is going in with nervousness or awareness that "waking up
       | without being able to alert the surgeon" is a specific point of
       | anxiety of the patient. But, who knows.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_memory
        
         | throwanem wrote:
         | It should be easy to disprove false memory, I'd think, at least
         | in the case of procedures that are recorded. Ask the patient
         | what they remember happening, and compare with the recording to
         | see if those things did occur or didn't.
         | 
         | I'm not inclined to assume every report of this happening is
         | due to false memory, which is itself a somewhat controversial
         | topic. As the article points out but is not even slightly novel
         | in saying, we don't have a firm understanding of _why_ general
         | anesthesia works, just that it does. That 's good enough to be
         | going on with, but not yet understanding the mechanism at work
         | means it's reasonable to expect we also don't yet have perfect
         | knowledge of why and when it _doesn 't_ work perfectly, and
         | there is therefore nothing implausible about there being rare
         | outliers such as those under discussion here.
        
           | andix wrote:
           | Doctors usually talk during (some parts of ) the surgery.
           | About whatever is on their mind. If the patient can recite
           | some details about that, it's probably not false memory.
        
             | t0mas88 wrote:
             | I've read a story some years ago about a patient that
             | didn't have any pain but did have some vague memories about
             | the procedure that he should not have had if he was fully
             | under. The patient was able to describe the topics of
             | informal small talk during their procedure.
        
         | stephenhuey wrote:
         | Check out the sibling comment in which lr4444lr recounts taking
         | a secret audio recording device into surgery.
        
         | istorical wrote:
         | It's a known phenomenon not a mythological creature like
         | bigfoot. Dentists for example often have to re-administer
         | anesthesia mid-procedure when a patient wakes up mid-wisdom
         | tooth extraction for example.
        
       | JustSomeNobody wrote:
       | I once woke up during oral surgery. They just put me back under
       | and continued. I wasn't sure if it had happened or I dreamed it
       | and so I asked them. They confirmed that I had and said it
       | occasionally happens, NBD.
        
       | Dumblydorr wrote:
       | Wow, this lady has 2 to 3 nightmares per night even ten years
       | later, after an exploratory surgery? That's pretty extreme, I
       | think most people wouldn't have had 6 to 8 thousand nightmares
       | about this experience.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | I would guess her actual memory of the up-waking would be very
         | unreliable after thousands of nightmares.
        
         | intergalplan wrote:
         | My dominant (practically exclusive, actually) nightmare for
         | over 20 years involved forgetting a class schedule or where a
         | classroom was. Initially triggered by the (enormous) middle
         | school I attended for the first half of 6th grade, then it
         | morphed into a whole new set of very-similar nightmares after I
         | started attending college. I'm sure I had thousands of those
         | nightmares. Hell, I so rarely remember _any_ of my dreams on
         | waking these days (used to recall a detailed, ordered _history_
         | of my dreams each morning, without even trying) that for all I
         | know I 'm still having them several times a week without
         | realizing it.
         | 
         | I'd believe thousands of nightmares over the span of a decade,
         | for a traumatic surgery experience.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | It's a reasonably common response to traumatic events for
         | people to have regular nightmares for decades afterwards. ~2-3
         | a night for a decade would be high, but not unheard of.
         | 
         |  _a study comparing Vietnam Veterans to civilians showed that
         | 52% of combat Veterans with PTSD had nightmares fairly often.
         | Only 3% of the civilians in the study reported that same level
         | of nightmares._
         | https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/nightmares.asp
        
       | andix wrote:
       | I know someone this has happened to.
       | 
       | Nobody believed her, until she could tell them what the doctors
       | were talking about during the surgery.
       | 
       | It was a special case though, a surgery during pregnancy. It is
       | really hard to do that in a way not to harm the unborn child.
        
       | ornornor wrote:
       | I assumed that this was part of the reason why parients heart
       | rate is monitored. If you're paralyzed from the drugs but awake,
       | conscious, in lain, and panicking then your heart rate would
       | shoot way up and that would alert the operating team that
       | something isn't right, wouldn't it?
        
       | flave wrote:
       | Okay this is an interesting article and an interesting subject.
       | But, it looks a lot like fear-mongering. I feel strongly about
       | this because I had two procedures done under local for fear of
       | exactly this situation (coming up but being sedated) and both
       | experiences where _tough_.
       | 
       | > Founded in 2007, it has now collected more than 340 reports
       | 
       | So 24 self-reported cases a year in all of N America. There are
       | 48 million in patient surgeries performed PA in USA so V
       | conservative estimate is 5*10^-7 chance.
       | 
       | Later, on follow up, my doctor explained to me why they don't
       | worry about patients coming up. It's because this traumatic
       | experience the patient is describing, if they were awake and
       | experience trauma, would result in a raised heart-rate and blood-
       | pressure. The link between trauma and those physical responses is
       | one to one.
       | 
       | If and when patients begin to get a raised heart or raised blood
       | pressure you better believe they're getting a much higher dose
       | and/or a change of anaesthetic.
       | 
       | > One of the largest and most thorough investigations was the
       | fifth National Audit Project carried out by British and Irish
       | anaesthetists' associations, in which every public hospital in
       | the UK and Ireland had to report any incidents of awareness for a
       | year. The results, published in 2014, found that the overall
       | prevalence was just 1 in 19,000 patients undergoing anaesthesia.
       | 
       | This is comparing apples with elephants. 'incident of awareness'
       | is nothing like the idea of being fully awake and compos during a
       | surgery.
       | 
       | >but many people may feel unable or unwilling to come forward,
       | and would instead prefer to just put the experience behind them.
       | 
       | Speculation
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | I have had several surgeries with everything from a light to
         | general anesthetic. I warn the nurses and doctor beforehand
         | that I have a history of waking and remember previous
         | operations. Most do not believe me. I remember the sound of my
         | wisdom teeth being cracked open and opening my eyes while they
         | were being cut out. I remember scaring the shit out of a nurse
         | and doctor when I woke and started talking mid-procedure. I
         | remember being held down when I kept trying to roll onto my
         | side as if I were asleep. Typically, the reaction is something
         | like "he is awake" followed by a flurry of action, then sleep.
         | I don't know why this happens-- I suspect something makes the
         | anesthesia wear off faster than normal. I also have an issue at
         | the dentist with numbing-- they usually have to hit me twice.
         | If that doesn't work fully, I just tell him to go ahead and I
         | will deal with it.
        
           | istorical wrote:
           | I also had this happen. Literally almost the exact same,
           | don't remember whether I opened my eyes or not but I remember
           | hearing crunching sounds coming from my mouth and realizing
           | it was them drilling or hammering or doing something
           | destructive to my wisdom teeth. But zero pain. Just a wtf
           | that is weird af feeling. But then I passed back out (not
           | sure if they did something to make me fall back asleep or if
           | it occurred of its own accord).
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Do you have red hair?
           | 
           | I ask because they're known to need more anesthesia.
        
             | batch12 wrote:
             | Yes, partially. When I grow a beard it is red.
        
             | flave wrote:
             | lol so do I and it's one of the reasons why I thought I was
             | more likely to 'wake up'
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | That speculation at the end is truly bizzare. I'm sure that, if
         | I suffered such an experience, the first thing I'd do upon
         | waking would be to talk about it!
        
           | tapland wrote:
           | I remember the doctors asking me after partial removal of a
           | brain tumour if I remembered them waking me up during the
           | surgery.
           | 
           | I wish I did, but I remember absolutely nothing.
           | 
           | This was about 15 years ago, and I don't remember if they
           | said they would wake me up prior to the surgery. Maybe to my
           | parents.
        
             | rz2k wrote:
             | Was that done to actively map your brain so that they could
             | be especially careful around areas related to functions
             | like speech?
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | Would you? It would probably be by far the worst agony you'd
           | ever experienced, and given the circumstances you might also
           | not be able to be certain you _had_ actually experienced it.
           | Beyond that, you 'd likely face strong dissuasion if you did
           | try to talk to anyone about it, even a doctor or nurse
           | involved in your care, assuming the article is accurate in
           | saying most don't really believe it can happen. It might be
           | hard to argue with someone in a position of professional
           | authority saying it was all just a bad dream, a pre-waking
           | hallucination, or similar - nothing more than the anesthesia
           | messing with your head a little, nothing you'd need to worry
           | about. And you might well want very much to believe that was
           | true, too.
           | 
           | I don't know, and I don't feel competent even to really
           | guess. I have a degree of physical ability to tolerate pain
           | that has drawn surprised comment from doctors and dentists in
           | the past; between that and the mental and emotional toolkit
           | I've had to develop in consequence of various painful
           | illnesses for which I wasn't immediately able to obtain care,
           | I _might_ , very possibly, if the procedure was short and God
           | was kind, be able to withstand something like this without
           | being entirely crippled by trauma, _maybe_. Even then I don
           | 't know that I'd tell the surgeon; it would be a difficult
           | and uncomfortable conversation to have at a time when I'd no
           | doubt already be feeling unusually fragile. And that's _me_ -
           | for someone totally naive to severe pain, and lacking any of
           | the advantages I have in dealing with it? It 's horrifying
           | just to think about.
        
             | ctdonath wrote:
             | As said: speculation. A study would have found a meaningful
             | number expressing hesitation to discuss but doing so
             | anyway, plus those who won't but clearly experienced trauma
             | - pointing to a percentage actually quiet about the
             | incident.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Of course it's speculation; as far as I know nobody's
               | done much research of any kind into this phenomenon.
               | Making it more widely known seems like a good way to
               | improve the odds of someone doing such research, so in
               | that sense the article is worthwhile, whether speculative
               | or otherwise. And, again, how could it not be? The
               | subject matter practically compels such consideration.
        
             | andrewl wrote:
             | It's not uncommon to wake people up during brain surgery,
             | or do the surgery without fully anesthetizing the patient
             | at all. They _would_ anesthetize the skull area they cut
             | through. And the brain tissue itself doesn 't register pain
             | when cut. They do it so the surgeons can interact with the
             | patient to guide them in what areas they have to stay away
             | from when removing a tumor or doing other work. Here's
             | more:
             | 
             | https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/awake-brain-
             | surg...
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Sure, I'm aware, and I don't know of any reports of
               | emotional harm as a result of that. I think it'd probably
               | be the combination of pain, helplessness, surprise, and
               | recollection that'd be what causes the trauma in cases
               | where people regain consciousness _unintentionally_. In
               | the kind of surgery you describe, at most two of those
               | seem likely ever to be present, and because the awareness
               | is intentional I expect there 'd be more and/or different
               | pharmacological support to help insulate the patient from
               | the full reality of the situation. So I don't think awake
               | brain surgery is likely all that usefully comparable to
               | the accidental awareness we're discussing here.
        
               | andrewl wrote:
               | I thought you were referring to Tapland's report "I
               | remember the doctors asking me after partial removal of a
               | brain tumour if I remembered them waking me up during the
               | surgery" when you said it "would probably be by far the
               | worst agony you'd ever experienced."
               | 
               |  _Accidental_ awareness during surgery has always sounded
               | massively traumatic to me. Even thinking about it makes
               | me intensely uncomfortable.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Most surgeons, at least males ones, will have another nurse
           | present during recovery as some pretty weird memories can
           | form.
           | 
           | I remember reading about a case where an older female patient
           | wouldn't talk to the surgeon after. Finally she admitted she
           | was upset as "the surgeon has put his penis in her hand".
           | 
           | Luckily he had a nurse present the entire time and what he
           | had done is place two fingers in her palm and told her to
           | squeeze.
           | 
           | Yet this patient was 100% convinced he had been inappropriate
           | with her.
        
         | sliq wrote:
         | Your personal experience has absolutely zero impact on the
         | value of this article. The "it doesn't exist because i never
         | experienced it" mindset is a dangerous one.
        
           | flave wrote:
           | I'm making the point that I, and many other people, have
           | experienced the downside of the baseless fear-mongering
           | around 'waking up' during surgery.
        
         | wittyreference wrote:
         | They went on to describe the forearm experiment which showed a
         | much higher rate of awareness. I don't see why you've chosen to
         | omit that. You seem to casually discard the idea that awareness
         | without memory is irrelevant, but when I've informed patients
         | of amnestics they've been horrified - maybe needlessly so, but
         | I'm not so arrogant as to think "silly patient, your horror is
         | wrong and therefore irrelevant."
         | 
         | Many people don't regard "you'll be in pain and then forget" as
         | the same as "no pain."
         | 
         | And the idea that HR and BP are perfect indicators of pain is
         | ridiculous. Anesthetics reduce the responsiveness of both;
         | cardiac parameters don't respond perfectly, and you don't need
         | perfect anesthesia to impair them.
         | 
         | In my hospital, at least, we don't take for granted that we
         | achieve perfect coverage. It's normal to give patients a bolus
         | of amnestic at the tail end of a procedure to cover any gap in
         | pain/distress while we were bringing them back to
         | consciousness.
        
           | TheCraiggers wrote:
           | > Many people don't regard "you'll be in pain and then
           | forget" as the same as "no pain."
           | 
           | I find this incredibly fascinating. If people were to be
           | offered a sum of money in exchange for feeling immense pain
           | for an hour but then having that memory wiped, I wonder how
           | many would shrug and say "I won't remember anything? Sure,
           | sign me up." I wonder at the ethical and morality of such
           | things. If the person's reality is based solely on their
           | memories, is it even unethical? Like I said, fascinating.
           | 
           | Thank you for the intriguing thought experiment for today.
        
             | DanBC wrote:
             | You might be interested in the radio programme "Brian
             | Gulliver's Travels".
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Gulliver%27s_Travels
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01m29vt
             | 
             | They included an episode ( _Kognitia_ ) where people are
             | able to forget traumatic experiences. Here's a tiny clip:
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p00yj97w
             | 
             | They're available on Archive.org here:
             | https://archive.org/details/briangulliverstravels1-2
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | A few years back, I had a procedure that involved twilight
             | sedation. That means you're aware of the experience while
             | it's happening, but have no memory of it afterwards.
             | 
             | I thought about this exact thought experiment _constantly_
             | leading up to the day of the procedure.
             | 
             | It's a fascinating philosophical question. _Did_ I
             | experience the pain of the procedure? A past me before the
             | procedure agreed to commit some future me to pain. During
             | the procedure, that me then certainly experienced pain. But
             | the hypnotic drug washed that memory away leaving a third
             | me that had the benefits of the procedure but no memory of
             | the pain.
             | 
             | So what is the moral calculus to perform when signing your
             | future self up to pain that your future _future_ self will
             | forget?
        
             | rz2k wrote:
             | I think there are ethical questions for the beneficiaries.
             | Isn't like subjecting someone else to intense pain for an
             | hour in order to receive money?
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | Statistics on women who choose a "no painkiller" second
             | childbirth after doing so the first time might exist.
        
               | DHPersonal wrote:
               | That might be an aversion to using painkillers again
               | after experiencing awful side-effects in the first
               | delivery.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Ah, I meant those that go without painkillers a second
               | time.
        
             | DHPersonal wrote:
             | The lingering physical effects of a body experiencing
             | trauma for that amount of time might be too damaging for
             | some to be willing to accept amnesia as a panacea.
        
             | kijin wrote:
             | There might also be a difference between a) You will be in
             | pain for an hour, remembering the whole thing, and at the
             | end of that hour, your memory will be wiped; and b) You
             | will be in pain for an hour, but you will not form any
             | memory of any part of that hour in the first place. It's
             | the difference between saving data to a huge file and then
             | deleting it, versus piping the data to /dev/null as it
             | comes in. AFAIK amnestic drugs are intended to be closer to
             | the second method.
        
           | flave wrote:
           | Okay, so how is this person in massive amounts of pain
           | without having the physiological response of a raised heart
           | rate and raised blood pressure?
        
         | azalemeth wrote:
         | I've had three general anaesthetics, all as a child or
         | teenager. I only remember "the anaesthetic" for one of them: a
         | large dose of what I now know to be propofol went in a cannula
         | and the (attractive, for a 14-year-old) nurse stroked the
         | cannula on the back of my hand after it was administered. That
         | felt warm and nice. Purple butterflies them started to come up
         | out of my hand, through the back of the venflon, and came
         | around my vision, until I was surrounded by warm, beating wings
         | and a pleasant drifting into unconsciousness (tinged with a
         | feeling of contentment). I woke up -- much to my great chagrin
         | -- in "moderate discomfort" what felt like instantaneously
         | later, although several hours had gone.
         | 
         | None of my hallucinations were real. Everything that I "saw"
         | probably took place in a 1-2s period as I was falling under,
         | and was entirely a figment of my imagination. Were I worried
         | about waking up during my procedure, it's entirely possible
         | that my brain would have hallucinated something far less
         | innocent. These reports are very difficult to substantiate, but
         | a _lot_ of monitoring is done under general anaesthesia:
         | depending on the surgery and the anaesthetic this might range
         | from measuring the inspirational and expirational partial
         | pressures of O2, CO2, other relevant gasses such as N2O and the
         | anaesthetic agent itself, e.g. desflurane or sevoflurane. Heart
         | rate, blood pressure and the like are all routinely monitored.
         | It 's therefore possible to compute the effective concentration
         | of agent in the blood stream and directly prove that the
         | concentration is adequate. Sometimes EEGs are taken and can
         | directly show brain activity, or nerve conduction pathways are
         | mapped and can show conscious activation. Waking up during
         | (competent) anaesthesia should never happen, and I think that
         | the 5e-7 chance put above is probably an upper bound. At any
         | rate, it pales in comparison with the complication rate from
         | many surgeries, which, of course are usually several orders of
         | magnitude higher: 1e-3 for death is often considered
         | acceptable, for context.
        
       | lr4444lr wrote:
       | Just an anecdote: I once had a procedure that required I be under
       | a "light" general anesthesia (don't recall which). I was
       | generally paranoid at the time though about everything, and
       | strapped an audio recorder to my leg secretly. Turns out I did
       | wake up mid procedure (the audio suggests doctor and nurse rushed
       | to stop me from touching the area of operation of my face, and
       | that I was distressed) but as the doctor promised, the sedative
       | would have a strong effect on my short term memory and I remember
       | not being able to recall any of what I had heard on the
       | recording. I don't consider this at all traumatic: my memory was
       | selectively wiped of that time period by virtue of the drug. Life
       | just went on. It may not be popular to say, but I do feel from my
       | experience that pain with no memory is pretty much as good as no
       | pain, in the grand scheme of things.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | I remember waking up from general anesthesia during removal of
         | my wisdom teeth. The oral surgeon seemed kind of surprised,
         | cursed and asked the assistant to give me more anesthesia. I
         | didn't find it all that traumatic either at the time, but I was
         | only awake for a minute or so.
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | Sorry, but there is nothing else to say except that you are
         | extremely wrong. This kind of belief is exactly why male
         | circumcision is not seen for the evil that it is. Please try to
         | consider the possibility that trauma without conscious memory
         | can have disastrous results - as other commenters are trying to
         | get you to understand...
        
           | codemonkey-zeta wrote:
           | > you are extremely wrong
           | 
           | Can you point to evidence suggesting this? Not trying to be
           | adversarial, just genuinely curious since almost everyone in
           | this thread is just exchanging anecdata.
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | Sedation without going into general anesthesia is not an easy
         | thing at all, and even experienced anesthesia providers will
         | sometimes struggle. However, patients moving or being otherwise
         | disoriented is quite frequent and in itself is a non-event
         | except when trying to reach for the surgical site, as you
         | describe. As for distress, it's often not from pain but rather
         | confusion, which can somtimes devolve into agitation and
         | necessity to deepen the anesthesia. In my experience, true
         | awareness is exceptionally rare. It's true that some
         | procedures, such as cardiac or emergency C-section have an
         | increased risk of event due to the particular context, though.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _pain with no memory is pretty much as good as no pain_
         | 
         | I can't speak to your specific case, but in general that's not
         | true.
         | 
         | Even if you have no conscious memory of trauma, it can manifest
         | itself in ongoing stress, fear, and general PTSD-like symptoms.
         | 
         | You may have been lucky in waking up but perhaps without pain,
         | but that's not the case with everyone.
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | >pain with no memory
         | 
         | reverse situation - all the memory and no pain. I had a surgery
         | on my nose done under local, and it was kind of unreal
         | experience when the surgeon stopped cutting and took what
         | looked like a typical woodworking chisel and a small hammer and
         | started to chisel away the bone in my nose - all without any
         | pain, my head is just like a piece of wood - the force would
         | transfer and the back of my head would feel the pressure every
         | time the hammer would fall and the scraping vibrations of the
         | chiseling would just reverberate through the scull. ... More
         | than 20 years later ENT here was genuinely curious where did i
         | get such a nice job done. USSR military surgeon :) And back in
         | the USSR my mother had her appendix removed under local too,
         | and the surgeon was communicating to her various stages of the
         | surgery, like what he is going to do and how that may be
         | felt/perceived.
         | 
         | I wonder about the merits of those different approaches. (very
         | handwavy as IANAD) With the local the pain doesn't seem to
         | reach the central nervous system. With the sedation or general
         | it reaches i suppose, yet the central nervous system has no
         | reaction. If one supposes that the strong pain may be a kind of
         | neuron pathway/connection altering signal ("EEPROM burning"),
         | it would be plausible to expect that that unfelt or felt-and-
         | forgotten at the time pain under sedation or general may still
         | have some effects down the road.
        
           | rimliu wrote:
           | I heard that in USSR the policy for apendectomy was that
           | adults got only local anesthesia and kids would get general.
           | No idea if that was the official policy or rumors only. I had
           | appendectomy when I was 12 (that was USSR times) and got
           | general anesthesia.
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | most probably it was some kind of officially established
             | policy/practice. My mother got the appendectomy when she
             | was an adult, and i got the nose job when i was almost 16,
             | while the hernia surgery that i had at 5 was naturally
             | under general.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | My wife has actually had both, on separate occasions. About 15
         | years ago, she smashed her wrist, breaking it into multiple
         | pieces. In the ER, they explained that the wouldn't give her an
         | anesthetic to push things into place for a splint (to hold it
         | together until surgery could be scheduled), but they'd give her
         | meds so she would forget the pain. I was absolutely amazed that
         | it worked. She vaguely remembers telling them "let's git 'er
         | done" and then nothing for about an hour after that.
         | 
         | Fast forward about 5 years or so, she's on the operating table
         | to have titanium plates inserted to hold her ankle together and
         | she apparently wakes up in the middle of the procedure and
         | started trying to rip her IV out while the surgeon and nurses
         | struggle to hold her down (she's pretty strong) while the
         | anesthesiologist puts her back under. She has no memory of
         | this: the only reason we even know about it is that one of the
         | nurses mentioned later that "you caused quite a stir in there."
         | 
         | Training horses is not for the faint of heart :-)
        
         | DHPersonal wrote:
         | I recall hearing about this phenomenon about a decade ago, and
         | at the time someone theorized that the specific memory may be
         | lost but the effects were still present, and that these effects
         | could cause general anxiety and distress without the person
         | understanding the reasoning. I think it is perhaps more
         | philosophical than rational, but it did give me pause to
         | consider that perhaps not everyone forgets enough of a surgery
         | to escape its effects, even in the best of circumstances.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | Yeah, they've done experiments with patients with no long-
           | term memory where they do things like shock them when they
           | shake hands. People develop an aversion to it but can't
           | explain why.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | There are entire fields of study dedicated to studying the
           | long-term effects of various trauma. Unfortunately it gets
           | mixed in with the "repressed memories" and other
           | pseudoscience ideas, so the pop-science news articles are not
           | good sources of information.
           | 
           | That said, memory repression isn't the only type of
           | anesthesia involved in these procedures. Patients are given
           | multiple medications, which do everything from dampen the
           | pain signals to relax the patient.
           | 
           | It's not equivalent to just forgetting the pain stimulus. The
           | pain stimulus is massively reduced, even if it were to break
           | through to the patient's awareness.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > It may not be popular to say, but I do feel from my
         | experience that pain with no memory is pretty much as good as
         | no pain, in the grand scheme of things.
         | 
         | If given the choice, I'd choose this over over deeper sedation.
         | 
         | Sedation and Anesthesia are not entirely risk-free. Even
         | routine Anesthesia has been correlated with various subtle
         | cognitive differences in the days and weeks after a procedure
         | in some (though not all) studies.
         | 
         | I'd rather be given the minimum dose necessary to get the job
         | done than have a provider go overboard with medications to
         | avoid the small chance of someone breaking through the
         | sedation.
        
         | tectonic wrote:
         | By this argument, living an entire life of suffering and then
         | not remembering it when you're dead would mean that it doesn't
         | matter and all suffering can be ignored. I hope that's not the
         | ethical code we settle on.
        
           | 99_00 wrote:
           | No need to be concerned. Exactly zero people are concluding
           | that suffering can be ignored because someone is ok with not
           | remembering pain during a medically necessary surgery.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | The sedation prevents the memories from forming, and also
           | prevents the person from processing what's going on. The
           | actual pain signals are also significantly dampened.
           | 
           | It's not equivalent to a lifetime of suffering in any way.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | I wonder if the journalist is asking the wrong people.
         | 
         | Instead of interviewing patients supposed to be under drug-
         | induced amnesia, and finding the few who remembered, ask the
         | doctors and nurses who are being asked to restrain patients in
         | distress. A specialist in a procedure that requires light
         | general anesthesia would, if this was true, have done surgery
         | on thousands of people in various degrees of distress.
         | 
         | To me, that would be a pretty heavy secret to carry, and a
         | 'conspiracy' that large would be impossible to conceal. I do
         | agree, though, that pain without memory is pretty much as good
         | as no pain. When you're conscious but unable to remember being
         | conscious, are you still capable of suffering?
        
           | nefitty wrote:
           | My initial intuition to your last question was, "No,
           | suffering usually entails some sort of looking-back process
           | that places the pain in that context."
           | 
           | I then realized that animals can suffer, and either I'm
           | confounding Buddhist and Western psychological definitions of
           | suffering, or suffering doesn't require consciousness of it
           | occurring for it to be suffering.
           | 
           | I hope that makes sense!
        
       | zomg wrote:
       | i certainly agree with the statements about people having varying
       | tolerances to these medicines. prior to my hernia surgery, the
       | nurse gave me propofol in my IV and told me i'd start to feel
       | drowsy and fall asleep. yeah, right...
       | 
       | after surgery, my doctor asked me what i remembered. i told him i
       | remember receiving the dose of propofol, 10 minutes being wheeled
       | into the OR (we made a right turn, a left down a hallway, and a
       | right into the OR), and the last thing i remember was the OR
       | nurse jamming the mask on my face (and not answering a question i
       | had asked her, as we were chit-chatting when they moved me to the
       | operating room table!).
       | 
       | he couldn't believe that i recalled the propofol dose, the
       | directions to the OR and that the last thing i recall was the
       | nurse jamming the mask on my face to shut me up!
        
       | LordGrey wrote:
       | Another anecdotal data point:
       | 
       | I received full dental replacement implants (the all-on-four
       | style) a couple of years ago. During the procedure, I came out of
       | it enough to remember trying to get "something" out of my mouth
       | that was bothering me, and a nurse literally shouting at me to
       | stop.
       | 
       | My wife was waiting for me and could see down the hallway where
       | my room was. She said that at one point the doctor came out of my
       | room gagging and holding his throat. After a few minutes, he went
       | back in.
       | 
       | Later, we discovered that I fought everyone in the room. I had
       | punched the doctor in the throat, tried to rip my IVs out, etc.
       | The incident I remember (the yelling) was just a part of it all.
       | 
       | I've since read up on anesthesia and the subject is both
       | fascinating and scary ("science with a lot of art mixed in").
        
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