[HN Gopher] Start a Business from Plastic Waste
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Start a Business from Plastic Waste
        
       Author : manx
       Score  : 131 points
       Date   : 2021-04-19 10:10 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (preciousplastic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (preciousplastic.com)
        
       | scottyvg wrote:
       | It's 2021 and your site isn't serving https...
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | This company was recently featured on a BBC Podcast called
       | "People Fixing the World":
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p09ddhz6
       | 
       | "Machines to shred, melt and mould waste plastic are popping up
       | in workshops around the world - from the UK to Malaysia, Kenya to
       | Mexico.
       | 
       | The project is being led by an organisation called Precious
       | Plastic. They put designs for the devices online for anyone to
       | download and build themselves.
       | 
       | More than 400 teams around the world are now taking on the
       | challenge of plastic waste using these machines, making
       | everything from sunglasses to plastic bricks in the process."
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Two interesting things, and a third. The first is that the whole
       | business is upcycling disposable products/material into more long
       | term durable ones. The second is the success of the collection
       | depends entirely on the demand for the upcycled products up the
       | supply chain. (extrusion, sheetpress, injection moulding, and the
       | stuff you make out of them) So inventing very long term useful
       | things made from recycled plastic (bricks, roads, large boats)
       | would improve demand for recycling.
       | 
       | The third is the collection point business is a straight bounty
       | program, which seems like the most basic business model in
       | nature. There was a guy who trained crows to trade cigarette buts
       | for peanuts in a machine, and it seems like you could do the same
       | with plastics litter collection. Maybe we could build machines
       | that other wild animals could figure out that accepted litter and
       | waste and returned food.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | Wouldn't upcycling plastic into more durable plastic actually
         | exacerbate the problems with plastic?
        
       | singleuseuser wrote:
       | Anyone interested in starting up some of these recycling
       | facilities as a community project? I'm in Austin and could
       | provide all of the funding but would love some volunteers to
       | help. It would be a non-profit. plasticproject@fastmail.com
        
       | NiceWayToDoIT wrote:
       | What type of plastic types can be recycled this way? From what I
       | read, only a small percent of all plastic product can be
       | recycled.
       | 
       | For instance, bags that are on their logo flag, are not
       | recyclable, in UK when you sorting out recyclable materials they
       | tell you that bags are not suitable for recycling. And in some
       | way they tear quickly and contribute hugely to micro-plastic
       | pollution that goes into food chain.
        
         | herbst wrote:
         | "not recycleable" sometimes only means its not economically
         | feasable to recycle, which for example is true for diapers too
         | (which make up about 30% of our houshold trash). There is some
         | weird trash town in agypt that over 90% recycling rate
         | especially with plastics (afaik).
        
       | fudged71 wrote:
       | Based on today's technology and knowledge, I think every
       | community center should have plastic recycling and reuse,
       | workshop tool library, community garden, and compost.
       | 
       | We can do things super-local now, use it as a teaching
       | opportunity, and use volunteer effort within walking distance to
       | make a change.
       | 
       | Are there any public communities in the world that are actually
       | doing this on a super local basis? Making, Growing, Recycling.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | If billions of dollars spent on various recycling programs fail,
       | I can't see these homemade machines solving this problem either.
       | It's clear this is not immune to the sorting problem which is the
       | root cause of why plastic recycling is unprofitable.
       | 
       | I can see this as an educational program for children and adults
       | that ignorantly throw anything plastic into the recycling bin
       | thinking it would be recycled. But in reality, it's likely going
       | into the local landfill (or overseas).
       | 
       | The only way to solve this plastic problem is to ban all single
       | use applications (ie, cups, straws, takeaway containers, grocery
       | bags, ...).
        
         | _rpd wrote:
         | > It's clear this is not immune to the sorting problem which is
         | the root cause of why plastic recycling is unprofitable
         | 
         | Yeah, they depict collectors bicycling around town with a
         | trailer and then washing and delabeling the collected plastic
         | in a domestic kitchen sink. They would have to charge thousands
         | per ton for the clean stock.
        
         | CannisterFlux wrote:
         | The latest trick for plastic items is for companies to say they
         | are reusable. So instead of a box of plastic straws, it is now
         | a box with "reusable plastic straws" written on it. Same exact
         | product, but now marketed to get around any single-use bans.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | There's a lot of things that can be economically viable at the
         | personal/household scale that can't work at the commercial
         | scale because of the regulatory requirements of a modern first
         | world workplace.
         | 
         | Most of the time when you see a kit to DIY something this is
         | the niche in which it lives.
         | 
         | Not saying the economics work out for this particular thing but
         | just because it's not commercially viable doesn't mean it's not
         | economically viable. You don't see scrapyards hiring people to
         | drive around picking up scrap metal yet people do it for a net
         | profit, same concept.
        
           | throwaway316943 wrote:
           | That's true, this might actually work if it's done at the
           | household or neighborhood level. The big problems with
           | recycling plastic are manual sorting and cleaning the gross
           | stuff people leave in it. If you're recycling your own waste
           | you can tackle those problems easily. If it's your
           | neighbour's water then you can ask them to be responsible or
           | lose access to your service and good will.
        
         | throwaway316943 wrote:
         | The sorting problem is mostly due to people feeling like they
         | can get away with not washing their recyclables and throwing
         | anything into the recycling bin. If you have to deliver those
         | recyclables to a local business in person and they can tell you
         | to your face that you didn't do it right and you have to take
         | your bin over to a washing station and redo it before you can
         | leave it there you can be sure it won't happen again.
        
           | _rpd wrote:
           | > If you have to deliver those recyclables to a local
           | business in person
           | 
           | But you don't have to. You can just throw it in the trash or
           | blue lid recycling bin, emptied every Monday.
           | 
           | What motivates someone to spend hours scrubbing and
           | personally delivering clean plastic?
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | >What motivates someone to spend hours scrubbing and
             | personally delivering clean plastic?
             | 
             | Image.
             | 
             | If you can convince a bunch of dumb yuppies that they will
             | sound like the hippest hipster in the break room when they
             | chat with all their coworkers about what they're up to they
             | will shovel inordinate amounts of money in your direction.
             | And after a good run at that either you sell out and move
             | down market or someone else comes along and develops a 90%
             | as good solution that's accessible to a much broader cross
             | section of the population.
             | 
             | Pulling that off is the big question though. Premium
             | consumers are more fickle than normal consumers.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > What motivates someone to spend hours scrubbing and
             | personally delivering clean plastic?
             | 
             | Hence why taxes on fossil fuels should be so high that a
             | plastic bottle costs $10 and plastic toys cost $100, so the
             | alternatives are worth it and the plastic is not made in
             | the first place.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | Yeah, screw poor people. They don't deserve toys anyway.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Poor people and avoiding environmental calamities are
               | separate problems with separate solutions.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | If your solution for environmental issues is to make
               | everything dramatically more expensive, they are no
               | longer independent problems.
               | 
               | What would the solution here be? Raise prices on
               | everything containing plastic, but then give the bottom
               | x% of the population money to offset the increased cost?
               | That is a net effect of zero, with lots of inefficiency
               | in the middle.
               | 
               | Increasing prices only works as a way of changing
               | behavior if people feel the effects of the increased
               | prices. You cannot handwave away "poor people will get a
               | separate solution" when your entire proposal is to make
               | people lose money.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | One problem is the environmental effects of using a
               | certain product, which in this situation are fossil
               | fuels. The only solution to the problems caused by fossil
               | fuels, from emissions to microplastics, is to decrease
               | the use of fossil fuels period. In order to decrease the
               | use of something, you can increase the price.
               | 
               | Another problem is the income/wealth/opportunity gap
               | between people around the world. This might be solved by
               | transferring income/wealth/opportunity from those that
               | have it to those that don't. It does not need to be
               | linked directly to taxes on fossil fuels, like most other
               | government expenditures are not linked to specific taxes.
               | 
               | This is not a net zero effect with lots of inefficiency.
               | It's actually the most efficient way I can think of,
               | certainly more than hoping people sort and clean their
               | recycling properly, ignoring the fact that recycling
               | doesn't even really work.
               | 
               | The whole point is to make people feel the effects of
               | increased prices. It will mean fewer plastic toys, and
               | toys in general since they won't be so cheap, less
               | flying, smaller homes and lots since transportation for
               | longer distances is more expensive.
               | 
               | But that is the goal, to reduce the use of fossil fuels.
               | Which all of our modern quality of life revolves around.
               | And why, politically, there will not be a real solution
               | to damage caused by fossil fuels in any relevant
               | timeframe.
        
               | throwaway316943 wrote:
               | Your solution sounds equivalent to creating a permanent
               | economic depression. Good thing that anyone who
               | implements this will be outcompeted by those who don't.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I'm well aware it would create an economic depression,
               | hence my acknowledging that politically, a real solution
               | is not possible to enact.
               | 
               | Our economy and expectations of life are based on
               | consuming as much as we can, and so we shall. The optimal
               | move for each individual is to enjoy life as much as they
               | can, regardless of the effects of their consumption.
               | 
               | Whether or not it's a good thing (for descendants)
               | depends on how true predictions like these are:
               | 
               | https://xkcd.com/1732/
        
               | throwaway316943 wrote:
               | Do hospitals get a special exception or do we go back to
               | risking infection due to insufficient sterilization?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Society is free to allocate more plastic to
               | sterilization, it'll just have to come from somewhere in
               | society's "fossil fuel" budget.
               | 
               | The point is the amount of fossil fuel consumption is
               | causing environmental problems, just not in current
               | society's decision makers' lifetimes. The only solution
               | is to bring down the amount of fossil fuels consumed.
        
               | _rpd wrote:
               | Fossil fuels aren't the only possible feedstock for
               | plastics, just the current cheapest option. If you make
               | fossil fuels more expensive, then people will use ...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Interesting! I guess there would also have to be a
               | disincentive to use plastics period.
        
             | Moto7451 wrote:
             | Not everyone has that available to them. In my county there
             | is no municipal trash services. It's all private and the
             | commercial providers make vague references to single stream
             | recycling. I'm skeptical they're doing a good job of
             | extracting recyclables from waste.
        
               | linuxftw wrote:
               | They stuff that garbage into empty container ships where
               | it's 'recycled' in impoverished nations in Asia.
        
             | throwaway316943 wrote:
             | Trillion dollar question.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | With the current state of plastic packaging, I don't think
           | most people have the time to do that.
           | 
           | The only way that I could see that being viable is if it was
           | mandated that the plastic class be embossed into the product
           | with a minimum font size, labels be easily removable, and the
           | package be shaped in such a way that it be easily cleanable.
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | Plastic needs classified as toxic and treated as such. There
         | are beaches now covered in plastic chips instead of sand (the
         | sand is underneath). The real scary part is waking up one day
         | and realizing that we are infested with microplastics to a
         | dangerous and irreversible saturation point from the natural
         | breakdown. Man made fibers, water bottles, children's
         | toys...all will break down to microscopic levels. We can
         | probably filter it out effectively for drinking but the whole
         | deal is just another log on the fire that humanity has built
         | under themselves.
        
           | slver wrote:
           | You know, I actually prefer plastic sand.
        
       | Daniel_sk wrote:
       | A lot of these plastic-recycling products don't cope with the big
       | issue of pollution with micro plastic particles. I read about
       | making pavement from plastic waste. Sure you can do that, but the
       | plastic will be slowly worn down and the micro particles will
       | pollute everything. That's the same problem with low quality
       | plastics being recycled into household items. I see a health risk
       | here. I will prefer something from wood, glass or metal - or from
       | high quality (and bio-degradable?) plastics.
        
         | harimau777 wrote:
         | I am definitely not an expert, but I wonder if it would be
         | viable to recycle plastic into bricks for construction?
         | 
         | It seems like wear would be less of an issue and the bulk
         | properties of the resulting plastic would be emphasized.
        
           | NortySpock wrote:
           | One application I did see Precious Plastic recommending was
           | producing long extruded plastic beams like 4x4 lumber. No
           | idea how strong the beam was though.
        
             | tkinom wrote:
             | I have seen hiking path way near water made from recycle
             | plastic maybe 10+ years ago. Don't remember where now. Love
             | to go back and check the durability of them after all these
             | years. Curious about the cost also.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I used to live in an area where several dilapidated
               | wooden paths were replaced with this tuff. I believe the
               | main benefit was that they were supposed to never rot or
               | warp, meaning that their lifetime mainentance cost was
               | significantly lower than wood. I think for the most part
               | they've all held up over 10+ years, but I have no idea if
               | they've been leeching microplastics into the local
               | wetlands.
        
         | KozmoNau7 wrote:
         | It's a very bad idea to use recycled plastic for anything that
         | will face abrasion, harsh temperatures or harsh chemicals, or a
         | combination. Or any plastic really, microplastics don't care
         | about which generation recycling your plastic has been through.
         | 
         | Obviously the most important thing to do is to reduce how much
         | plastic is produced in the first place. Plastic recycling
         | doesn't solve the microplastic issue, it arguably makes it
         | worse, so any scrap plastic should be responsibly burned for
         | energy and that energy should go towards production using
         | materials that aren't plastic.
         | 
         | Use plastic only for products where the use of plastic is
         | necessary for some critical functionality, and cannot be
         | replaced with sustainable, biodegradable, properly recyclable
         | materials. And only for products that are meant to last a long
         | time, all single use and disposable plastic (such as packaging)
         | needs to disappear ASAP.
        
           | bottled_poe wrote:
           | Seems like a strange jump from "recycling is bad" to "we
           | should burn plastic for energy".
        
             | KozmoNau7 wrote:
             | Then you misunderstand. Recycling is good wherever and
             | whenever reducing or reusing is not possible.
             | 
             | Especially aluminum recycling (and most other metal
             | recycling) is a win-win, both when looking at energy
             | expenditure and environmental impact from mining.
             | 
             |  _Plastic_ recycling doesn 't work currently. There are too
             | many mutually incompatible types, and sorting is painfully
             | manual and slow, it's exceedingly hard to automate and make
             | efficient. A lot of plastic types cannot be reformed or
             | remolded at all, so the only use for them is to be ground
             | up and used as filler material.
             | 
             | All of this plastic processing just further exacerbates the
             | microplastic problem. The further you grind down and reuse
             | plastic, the worse the end product becomes and the more it
             | sheds microplastic when used or exposed to abrasion, UV
             | light and other forms of wear and tear.
             | 
             | So I propose that we cut the head off the beast, strongly
             | curtail plastic production and try to responsibly get rid
             | of the microplastic-generating plastic we already have.
             | Incineration -when done correctly- is a responsible way of
             | disposal that also generates power. We already burn dioxins
             | and many other harmful compounds to dispose of them safely
             | and with minimal environmental impact, if done correctly.
        
         | sergeykish wrote:
         | 88% microplastics comes from car tyres [1]. Check out other
         | categories, it's about abrasion, like shoe soles, plastic
         | textiles.
         | 
         | The real issue -- plastic is cheap, manufacturing is expensive.
         | As result marketplace is full of fashion items [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ecofario.eco/en/microplastics
         | 
         | [2] https://bazar.preciousplastic.com/products/
        
       | dinamic wrote:
       | Despite loving such projects, sometimes I have a feeling that
       | concentration on recycling shifts attention too much from the
       | real causes of waste pollution, such as overproduction,
       | overconsumption and lack of investment in biodegradable
       | materials.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Or even from using truly+ recyclable materials like aluminum.
         | If we weren't so obsessed with seeing the liquid inside of
         | containers, many things could be converted to use aluminum.
         | 
         |  _[Obviously, aluminum waste isn 't 100% recyclable, but it's
         | about as close as you can get besides maybe glass._
        
           | pvorb wrote:
           | So why not use glass directly?
           | 
           | I try to buy products in glass bottles that are produced as
           | close to home as possible. Most, but unfortunately not all of
           | those glass bottles are refilled, but at least they are
           | recycled by melting and producing new glass.
           | 
           | I've read some reports that claim that washing is also not
           | ecological, as there are too few facilities in Germany that
           | do this and transportation costs are high. So it's a trade
           | off.
        
           | dwohnitmok wrote:
           | RE your disclaimer what about aluminum isn't recyclable?
        
             | goda90 wrote:
             | Maybe the plastic liner that most aluminum cans have?
        
               | ravenstine wrote:
               | Yeah, the plastic liner and the paint add impurities that
               | have to be removed, and of course those components are
               | not recyclable, scant they may be. This isn't to say that
               | the aluminum element itself isn't recyclable, but
               | inevitably there's _some_ loss because of impurities, so
               | I added the disclaimer to save people time from replying
               | with  " _Ackshually_... "
        
               | dwohnitmok wrote:
               | Out of curiosity do you have any idea of how much loss
               | that adds up to (say by mass)?
        
               | ravenstine wrote:
               | Off the top of my head, I don't truly know, but I would
               | bet it's a very small fraction. Let's find out...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium#Recycling
               | 
               | > Recycling involves melting the scrap, a process that
               | requires only 5% of the energy used to produce aluminium
               | from ore, though a significant part (up to 15% of the
               | input material) is lost as dross (ash-like oxide).[134]
               | An aluminium stack melter produces significantly less
               | dross, with values reported below 1%.
               | 
               | That amount seems to fit with my amateur experience of
               | melting aluminum cans. Dross pretty much floats up to the
               | top of the molten aluminum, and you basically just scrape
               | it off. Even bar stock aluminum from Home Depot would
               | produce a small amount of it.
               | 
               | According to this page, aluminum is separated from dross
               | in a separate process:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_recycling#Seconda
               | ry_...
               | 
               | So yeah, the loss is non-zero, but the the recyclability
               | of aluminum might as well be considered infinite,
               | especially in contrast to plastics.
        
               | geuis wrote:
               | That doesn't really do much to prevent recycling though.
               | When the material is melted, anything like paint or
               | plastic liners are burned off. The main issue that has to
               | be handled are the vapors that are released. (They can be
               | toxic and have to be handled.)
        
               | ravenstine wrote:
               | Much of it is burned off, but there are constituents that
               | remain and need to be removed. This is called "dross".
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dross
               | 
               | You can actually witness the formation of dross yourself
               | if you make your own aluminum foundry (which is
               | ridiculously easy if you have hair dryer, a coffee can,
               | an empty propane canister, and some charcoal). My
               | understanding is that aluminum oxidization contributes
               | somewhat to this, but it's also caused by what's left
               | over after the plastic and paint have burned.
               | 
               | Granted, I am in no way saying that recycling aluminum
               | isn't 100% worth it. I was merely trying to address the
               | issue before someone might have brought it up. (I've
               | noticed some people despise the use of absolutes and
               | always need to point out that nothing is absolute)
               | 
               | EDIT: For anyone interested in "recycling" their own
               | aluminum, this is almost exactly what I did about 10
               | years ago, and it was a lot of fun. This guy's casting
               | looks dreadful, though.
               | 
               | https://www.instructables.com/Quick-cheap-and-dirty-
               | aluminum...
               | 
               | There are other tutorials that describe using a soup can
               | as a crucible, which might work for a short time but I
               | think that's pretty dangerous.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | You lose some it every time you recycle. Of course in
             | theory you can treat all the aluminum waste and get every
             | gram of metal back, but it's not viable in practice.
        
         | dimitrios1 wrote:
         | You are going to have to define what "over" means for each of
         | those categories. Contrary to popular belief, I believe people
         | generally consume what they need. It's much of the world coming
         | "online", due to the global prosperity capitalism has enabled,
         | that has resulted in such mass production of things we would do
         | well to get rid of such as single use disposable plastics (that
         | aren't for medical purposes, of course).
        
           | dinamic wrote:
           | Fast fashion is a vivid example of overconsumption, and
           | planned obsolescence would be a good example of
           | overproduction.
           | 
           | Regarding person's "needs" - I believe they are endless up to
           | the point where person can afford them.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | If "need" includes paying $NN/mo to rent a storage container
           | to put your extra junk, then sure, people are consuming what
           | they need.
        
             | dimitrios1 wrote:
             | Most was the key qualifier in my statement.
             | 
             | There is no doubt that about 5% of the population have some
             | sort of compulsive hoarding habit. But it wouldn't matter
             | because this is irrelevant to the issue of single use
             | plastics, the thing that generates the most waste in oceans
             | and waterways. Nice attempt at a "gotcha" though. Let's try
             | a good faith dialogue next time.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | It's not only that. Do we "need" to consume sodas and
               | bottled water? Americans throw away 35 billion plastic
               | bottles every year.
               | 
               | That's just the US. Literally every country I've visited,
               | including third world countries, are consuming ungodly
               | amounts of one-time use plastics. The reason? Plastics
               | make the job of global megacorporations, whose only goal
               | is to make more money, much easier, since they can
               | package their junk food and drinks and ship them the
               | world over.
               | 
               | It's not a "gotcha." I just very strongly disagree, given
               | what I've seen everywhere I've traveled.
        
       | aliswe wrote:
       | There is a process called pyrolysis which basically distills any
       | kind of plastic into oil / diesel fuel.
       | 
       | A number of things can be added to the process, such as pressure,
       | vaccuum, and catalysators, to make it more efficient. It even
       | works on old tyres! The rest is basically sludge or soot which
       | allegedly also can be utilized in some way. It also emits
       | "pyrolytic gases" (iirc) which I guess are bad? Toxic? Bad for
       | the environment? Idk...
       | 
       | Heres one out of tonnes of YT videos:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/TFuTCpCVSbM
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | This is an underrated solution. As everyone mentions in this
         | thread, plastic reuse furthers the problem due to microplastic
         | breakdown. Ideally, you're gasifying with plasma [1] [2] [3],
         | with the slag going into road aggregate or other construction
         | processes as feedstock. This doesn't work (yet) at
         | hobbyist/small scale, but is entirely possible at municipal
         | waste stream scale. Plastics (anything really, except metals,
         | soil, and rock) go in, clean burning syngas and slag come out.
         | Could even do carbon capture off the syngas to sequester the
         | CO2 if you colocate somewhere where you can mineralize below
         | ground, and use renewables to provide whatever power you can't
         | recover from generation off the syngas.
         | 
         | This assumes you also outlaw single use plastics/disposable
         | plastics to solve for the other side of the equation.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_gasification
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1...
         | (Treatment of Plastic Wastes Using Plasma Gasification
         | Technology)
         | 
         | [3] https://netl.doe.gov/research/Coal/energy-
         | systems/gasificati...
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | I've read about plasma gasification for years, including some
           | nebulous plan for New York City to buy one. But from the
           | Wikipedia page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_gasifica
           | tion_commercial...) it looks like there are a total of 5
           | sites operating anywhere in the world, which is quite a small
           | number. The Wikipedia page also lists a bunch of failed
           | projects which seem to mostly have been held up by red tape
           | and locals being afraid that it's unsafe or toxic.
           | 
           | Moreover, the Wikipedia page lists these downsides:
           | 
           | * Little or even negative net energy production.
           | 
           | * Frequent maintenance and limited plant availability.
           | 
           | The former I find weird, because landfills don't generate
           | energy either. But the latter could be a problem.
           | 
           | The UNL paper you linked also mentions that such plasma
           | gasification isn't necessarily more profitable than
           | traditional recycling.
           | 
           | This is such a weird angle to me. Safe and environmentally-
           | friendly waste disposal is a public good, specifically one
           | for which the benefits are dispersed across many individuals
           | while the costs are concentrated on whoever has to build and
           | run the facility. So why should we rely on for-profit market
           | forces to produce it in efficient (welfare-maximizing)
           | quantities?
           | 
           | It's strange what in the USA does and does not get seen from
           | this angle. Fire protection, police, drinking water treatment
           | (I think?), and schools are owned and operated directly by
           | towns/cities. But medical facilities & ambulance companies,
           | electricity, sewage/wastewater treatment, and heating fuel
           | are provided by private companies that residents either pay
           | directly or through the town/city government. Not sure about
           | landfills. Garbage collection and road construction are
           | (usually, I think?) contracted out.
           | 
           | I'm sure there are, or were, economic reasons why each of
           | these scenarios evolved the way it did. But inertia is very
           | much a thing, and just because something was sensible in the
           | past doesn't mean it remains sensible today.
        
       | ladybro wrote:
       | A friend has been making clothes from 100% certified ocean
       | plastic: https://seathreads.co/
       | 
       | As a business owner, I don't envy his margins, but I certainly
       | hope to see more companies doing similar in the future. We need
       | to make re-use cool and something to brag about.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | I know microplastics are bad and stuff but I also have to
         | recommend Got Bag (https://got-bag.com/), which is supposedly
         | made out of recycled ocean plastic. I'm not sure if it is or
         | isn't, but they make a great bag. I've had one for a few months
         | now and it's held up well to being knocked around, no frayed
         | material or even any significant scuffs, and it's at least
         | water resistant (if not waterproof) in the rain.
        
         | hypertele-Xii wrote:
         | Plastic is bad because it degrades into microplastic which is
         | mechanically toxic to life (gets stuck in yer body). Why would
         | you want to _wear_ something toxic? That 's like taking
         | asbestos out of the walls and rubbing it on your body. Also,
         | (machine) washing plastic clothes further degrades them into
         | microplastics. Bad idea all around.
        
           | gtk40 wrote:
           | Hmm I'm a runner and pretty much everything I wear for
           | running is plastic. The common advice I've gotten is to avoid
           | cotton and it's worked well for me. Anywhere I can read more
           | about this?
        
             | millzlane wrote:
             | Not OP, But I've read about it recently. While, I'm not yet
             | avoiding these products, it's cause for concern.
             | 
             | https://appalachiangearcompany.com/blogs/appgear-
             | insider/you...
        
             | snypher wrote:
             | I'd like to know who is advising you against cotton, and
             | why? Unless you are in a strange climate it's one of the
             | best materials for clothing.
        
               | Ryoung27 wrote:
               | Are you saying running clothing, or just clothing in
               | general? Cotton for running chafes a solid amount, and
               | doesn't wick moisture well.
        
               | pastage wrote:
               | Silk and wool breaths and keeps fresh much longer without
               | having to wash them all the time. Wool is the best IMHO.
        
               | gtk40 wrote:
               | I've tried running in cotton and it is not a pleasant
               | experience, especially in high humidity or rainy
               | conditions (very common where I live).
        
               | codpiece wrote:
               | "Cotton kills" is a common refrain in rowing because when
               | its wet in cold environments, it can lead to hypothermia.
               | Additionally, cotton is very heavy in water. Basic water
               | safety used to teach that you should strip down, even use
               | your jeans as a flotation device.
        
             | switchbak wrote:
             | Cotton kills, definitely avoid that.
             | 
             | Modern merino wool is a super material, I've moved away
             | from synthetic jerseys entirely. Substantially less stinky,
             | works well in all temps, and not created from plastics.
             | 
             | Eventually we'll understand how to synthesize something as
             | good or better than wool, but for now merino is where it's
             | at.
        
               | driverdan wrote:
               | Merino wool has downsides too. It stains more easily, is
               | more expensive, is less durable, and gets eaten by bugs.
               | IMO it's less comfortable too.
        
       | Ancalagon wrote:
       | Realistically, with the health issues coming up, the
       | microplastics leaching into everything, and the energy-intensive
       | process of reusing plastic, I think we should give up on
       | recycling plastic completely. Bury it back in the oil holes we
       | got it from (this is semi-sarcastic, I know burying it in such a
       | way is not entirely feasible) in the first place below the
       | bedrock and end the age of plastic.
        
       | Lio wrote:
       | Plastic breaks down is horrible ways and gets everywhere. It's
       | hard to clean well enough to be recycled. Even when recycled it's
       | still constantly breaking down into micro-particles and getting
       | everywhere.
       | 
       | If we can't persuade retailers to use something else I kind of
       | think that the best and cleanest use for single use plastic might
       | be to just incinerate it with a very good scrubber system on the
       | exhaust from the incinerator.
       | 
       | Get the energy back and do something useful with it. e.g. use it
       | as base load for renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
       | 
       | Anything but let it get buried or broken down and into water
       | courses.
        
         | admiral33 wrote:
         | Consumers don't have much choice besides a recycling bin and a
         | trash bin. Landfills are actually a decent option for plastics
         | because the plastic stays in tact (no shredding - creating more
         | microplastics) and in one place - stopping it from escaping
         | into the local ecosystem. Most will use the recycling bin for
         | plastics because they see that as the best option while not
         | knowing the implications of recycling plastic in the United
         | States.
         | 
         | Norway has a good system where plastic bottles are made with
         | more plastic to make them thicker/durable, and when the bottles
         | are recycled they are cleaned and reused [0].
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.sciencealert.com/norway-s-recycling-scheme-is-
         | so...
        
           | boatsie wrote:
           | The recent articles about delivery drivers peeing in those
           | bottles gives me pause.
        
           | intergalplan wrote:
           | Where I live (a US city) we're strongly encouraged to recycle
           | plastic, by a policy that limits trash bags and makes putting
           | out extra fairly expensive, but allows unlimited recycling,
           | including plastic.
           | 
           | The recycling program also uses plastic open-top bins as the
           | standard collection container. You can imagine what this
           | "green" policy causes on windy days. That's right: litter-
           | tornadoes. Been that way for years, all I can figure is
           | whoever's got the contract has important political
           | connections. It's very, very dumb.
        
             | admiral33 wrote:
             | Sorry to hear that, policies like that are often in good
             | faith but lack important details like you described. It
             | reminds me of when I went to an earth day fair and one of
             | the tents was selling athleisure made from recycled
             | bottles. It had a sizeable crowd - I was thinking about how
             | many of those who bought something went home feeling like
             | they had done the right thing and had some quality fitness
             | apparel to show for it - only to throw them in a washing
             | machine without a microplastic filter on it.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | We had this, then moved to (plastic) wheelie bins that are
             | 120 or 240 litres, but emptied every fortnight.
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | That article doesn't say the bottles are cleaned and reused,
           | it says they have a bottle deposit system and process the
           | recycled material to a high standard.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | admiral33 wrote:
             | "What's more, 92 percent of the bottles recycled yield such
             | high quality material, it can be used again in drink
             | bottles. In some cases, the system has already reused the
             | same material more than 50 times."
             | 
             | Also: "Its success is unarguable - 97% of all plastic
             | drinks bottles in Norway are recycled, 92% to such a high
             | standard that they are turned back into drinks bottles.
             | Maldum says some of the material has been recycled more
             | than 50 times already. Less than 1% of plastic bottles end
             | up in the environment." [0]
             | 
             | Just articles I found quickly, my friend who split his time
             | between the US and Norway before the pandemic was telling
             | me about it.
             | 
             | [0]:
             | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/12/can-
             | norw...
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | What do you think "material...used again" and "turned
               | back into" mean there?
        
         | Syonyk wrote:
         | > _Get the energy back and do something useful with it._
         | 
         | I fully agree about burning the stuff. You accomplish several
         | important things that way:
         | 
         | - Destroying it, so it's not going to get washed up on random
         | beaches after claiming to be "recycled" by shoving it in a
         | shipping container and sending it to some country who doesn't
         | have the systems in place to say "No."
         | 
         | - Fighting against the marketing of plastics as "clean" and
         | "recyclable." If the stuff is so awful you can't come up with
         | anything better to do than burn it, maybe it's not as nice as
         | it's claimed to be.
         | 
         | - Offset some coal use.
         | 
         | Out in Boise (and a few other places), there's a pilot program
         | to use the "weird plastics" (not #1/#2, which are now collected
         | in a combined system most places, so I wonder if they're
         | actually getting recycled at all) and burn them in a cement
         | kiln. It's the Hefty Energy Bag program, and while one might
         | rightly question a plastic bag company promoting plastics for
         | energy, they've done what looks to be a pretty solid lifecycle
         | analysis on the various alternatives, and "just burning the
         | stuff instead of coal" works out, by far, the best.
         | 
         | https://www.hefty.com/sites/default/files/2021-01/Hefty-Ener...
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | > _persuade retailers to use something else_
         | 
         | I've been daydreaming about alternatives.
         | 
         | Wrapping bars of deodorant in rice paper. Making it like a bar
         | of soap that you can hold.
         | 
         | I found a (mostly) bamboo toothbrush. It's ok.
         | 
         | The bamboo dental floss is pretty terrific.
         | 
         | Hoping to never buy fleece or spandex again, I'm still looking
         | for hemp (or whatever) "athleisure" clothing. Like pullovers.
         | (My lame attempts to learn to my make own clothing didn't get
         | very far.)
        
           | erikcw wrote:
           | I really like Smart Wool[0]. Really durable product and hi
           | performing -- seems to be much more environmentally friendly
           | than synthetic textiles.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.smartwool.com/
        
             | awestroke wrote:
             | They sell clothes made of wool and plastic mix. Nylon,
             | elastane, polyester.
        
               | intergalplan wrote:
               | Pretty much anything wool that's form-fitting or
               | otherwise meant for athletics or other activity is gonna
               | have some plastic in it, for the stretchiness. Socks,
               | undershirts, athletic shirts, all that kind of thing.
        
           | adamsiem wrote:
           | Deodorant in Cardboard https://www.heyhumans.com/
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | Exactly! Just like a push up pop.
             | https://i.redd.it/lnwb4plu2kuy.jpg
             | 
             | They have some other interesting products too. Thank!
        
           | dr_orpheus wrote:
           | I see a lot of replacements for more stiff plastics that can
           | be done another way such as the "push pop" deodorants
           | mentioned in other comments.
           | 
           | I'm curious what alternatives there are for squeeze bottle
           | items (ketchup, shampoo, etc.) I know that there are
           | alternatives (obviously ketchup comes in glass bottles) but
           | how do you replicate the squeeze bottle with something other
           | than plastic. Right now I have an image in my mind of a juice
           | box full of shampoo, but I haven't actually seen any
           | replacements like this around.
        
             | remir wrote:
             | I think we should also focus on reusable containers ideally
             | made of glass or aluminium. You bring your containers to
             | the grocery store and refill it with whatever you need.
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | Me too.
             | 
             | I anticipate many products will return to powder form.
             | 
             | eg I intend to try powder shampoos next time I have to
             | restock.
        
       | donkarma wrote:
       | Crazy how we use one of the most durable materials on Earth for
       | disposables
        
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