[HN Gopher] Where's the evidence that grit predicts success?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Where's the evidence that grit predicts success?
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 114 points
       Date   : 2021-04-16 11:29 UTC (1 days ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (nautil.us)
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | It seems like the attempt to gather compelling evidence ends up
       | skipping over foundational elements. After all, if someone quits
       | consistently then progress is likely to be difficult. The idea of
       | grit potentially also connects with two other potentially
       | interesting related ideas:
       | 
       | First there is Victor Frankl's observation that those who were
       | expected to survive in the concentration camps were the people
       | who were young adults, healthy, well fed, smart, and quick.
       | However, these people often reacted very badly to sudden change,
       | chaos, and the lack of obvious opportunities and would end up
       | dead in a week or two as much from hopelessness as privation.
       | Meanwhile people who were skinny, weak, sick, and wounded often
       | survived one trauma after another because they had something they
       | were determined to live for--often family, sometimes cherished
       | places or work. Something they longed to return to could keep
       | them going.
       | 
       | Second there is the actually rather robustly documented
       | phenomenon of John Henryism in which people suffering from
       | discrimination or lack of opportunity find success by expending
       | tremendous effort only to fall victim to illness early in life as
       | the tolls from their exertions accumulate. This is a good example
       | of how the grit to success story could have a serious downside
       | that should be considered even if the success side might actually
       | be realistically and meaningfully obtainable.
        
       | ed405 wrote:
       | Finally someone has written a really excellent article about
       | this.
       | 
       | Many scientists already know that 'grit' is over-hyped and over-
       | sold. Now there's a really well-articulated piece explaining it.
       | 
       | Stay away from one size-fits all 'solutions' to very complex
       | problems. Same goes for 'growth' vs. 'fixed mindset' btw.
        
         | redis_mlc wrote:
         | > Finally someone has written a really excellent article about
         | this.
         | 
         | No, it's not an excellent article.
         | 
         | The author is promoting his book, and also suggesting
         | government social programs are somehow a replacement for
         | personal responsbility - ie. coddling snowflakes.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Are you aware of similar critiques of growth/fixed mindset?
         | It's very popular in my kid's school, but I've heard other
         | parents say that the pedagogical strategies that are ostensibly
         | based on it (not stratifying kids based on ability level) are
         | bunk. I'm interested in knowing more about the pros/cons.
        
           | rawgabbit wrote:
           | I would argue that Carol Dweck argues that if you believe and
           | are motivated, you can achieve. The criticism is that while
           | motivation and belief i.e. grit is important -- it is only
           | half the story. Countless studies have proven what really
           | drives academic success -- financially well off parents who
           | emphasize education and provide time/money/resources to help
           | their children succeed.
           | 
           | "What the team found was there is a correlation between
           | someone having more of a growth mindset and doing well
           | academically. However, the correlation is small and the
           | findings do not support claims that growth mindset
           | interventions have profound effects on academic achievement."
           | [1]
           | 
           | "The attempted replication of Dweck's work that is about to
           | be published concerned the 1998 study on praise and part of
           | the 2007 study. Bates and his student Yue Li conducted a
           | series of studies in a group of more than 600 Chinese
           | students. Their results were mixed but mostly found no
           | effect." [2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wired.co.uk/article/growth-mindset-education-
           | psy... [2] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/debate-
           | arises-ove...
        
       | FabiansMustDie wrote:
       | Angela Duckworth is but one evangelist, among many others. It's
       | its own phenomenon: academicans (see: people whose self-worth is
       | predicated on the popularity of their ideas) preaching their new
       | gospel -- itself just a spin-off of some old, not-that-
       | enlightening observations. But! If you sell it with enough
       | passion and vigor and conviction, it sure does rile the masses
       | into believing.
       | 
       | > "My lab has found that this measure beats the pants off I.Q.,
       | SAT scores, physical fitness and a bazillion other measures to
       | help us know in advance which individuals will be successful in
       | some situations,"
       | 
       | Need more be said? Science is itself a self-perpetuating
       | industry. Statistics and findings can be massaged into whatever
       | you want to see -- that's simply abusing our propensity to
       | recognize patterns, to its utmost extreme.
       | 
       | More new, novel, monkey-go-ape patterns to fuss about. More books
       | to sell. More speeches to give. More money to make.
       | 
       | Here's a hot-take, that won't drive unneeded publicity and
       | revenue towards another idea salesman: the more you persevere --
       | i.e the more grit you have -- the more chances you get to
       | succeed.
       | 
       | Please please, there's no need to write a PhD dissertation a la
       | "A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature."[0]
       | 
       | Absolutely absurd.
       | 
       | [0] Crede, M., Tynan, M.C., & Harms, P.D. Much ado about grit: A
       | meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. Journal of
       | Personality and Social Psychology 113, 492-511 (2017).
        
         | doggodaddo78 wrote:
         | Until there's data, there's no evidence the TV remote turns on
         | the TV.
         | 
         | Until there's data, there's no evidence that hot grills burn my
         | hand if I place it on one.
         | 
         | This is the sort of crap that tries to apply the scientific
         | method like a hammer and seeing nothing but nails.
         | 
         | The absence of data for a plausible relationship doesn't make
         | it impossible, it makes it currently unknown either way. This
         | nuance in the explanations of the limits of current knowledge
         | is often lost on black&white thinking, overly-rational
         | individuals who give the impression something is impossible or
         | unlikely because it is currently unknown.
        
           | snovv_crash wrote:
           | Now seems to be a good point to mention the lack of double-
           | blind testing that has been performed on parachutes.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684649/
        
           | ourmandave wrote:
           | _The absence of data for a plausible relationship doesn 't
           | make it impossible, it makes it currently unknown either
           | way._
           | 
           | But life is so much easier when you don't have to do IS NULL
           | checks.
        
       | systemvoltage wrote:
       | Both, grit and success are illdefined.
        
       | arcanon wrote:
       | It is necessary, but not sufficient.
        
       | microtherion wrote:
       | Grit may not predict success, but _insufficient_ grit might still
       | sometimes play a role in career challenges.
       | 
       | There seems to be a whole subgenre of HN posts along the lines of
       | "I decided college was a waste of time for someone as uniquely
       | gifted as me, so I self studied and have never had a problem
       | getting hired for my next contract. Now I want to work at a
       | FAANG, but they ask me to code a breadth first search. Why is the
       | hiring process so broken?"
        
       | doggodaddo78 wrote:
       | Here we go again: looking for "success" cargo-cult signals, now
       | with more "science!" to demand "evidence" from every
       | unscientific/ambiguous/difficult-to-measure area and facet of
       | life and reality, rather than improving fundamentals for
       | increasing chances in something that has a good deal of
       | probability involved. Felix Dennis wrote about this for a good
       | chapter or so in his book with the ironic name: "How to Get
       | Rich." I would consider the words of a billionaire to carry
       | slightly-more weight than those of self-help gurus or thin,
       | soundbite blog posts.
       | 
       | Effort / "working-hard" has no value unless it is effectively
       | directed at something.
        
         | Viker wrote:
         | That is like listening to advice from Elon Musk, good advice
         | but he always forgets that all the advice is worthless, if your
         | father doesn't have a precious gem mine in Africa .... Bottom
         | line will always be:
         | 
         | "Being born rich, is the only guarantee to succes. Everything
         | else is pure luck."
         | 
         | You are either born rich, or lucky enough to hit the lottery.
        
           | matkoniecz wrote:
           | > "Being born rich, is the only guarantee to succes.
           | Everything else is pure luck."
           | 
           | Well, luck is an important part.
           | 
           | But some people managed to inherit fantastic wealth and be
           | unsuccessful (even in keeping wealth!) anyway.
           | 
           | And to become rich you need luck, but it is not a pure luck!
           | 
           | You need both.
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | This emerald mine story is commonly quoted by Elon Musk's
           | detractors but it is misinformation and has been explicitly
           | labeled a myth by journalists who investigated it
           | (https://www.insidehook.com/article/history/errol-musk-
           | elon-f...). In terms of hard evidence, it's not even clear
           | that his father actually owned a mine, or what qualifies as a
           | "mine", or what its output was, or what his father's income
           | was from this mine. Most mines are small operations that
           | amount to digging on a bit of land, with varying degrees of
           | profit (or unprofitability), and not some massive corporate
           | operation digging out those giant town-sized holes in the
           | planet.
           | 
           | Musk, his brother, and mother left South Africa and moved to
           | Canada, fleeing his allegedly abusive father. Elon held
           | various odd jobs early on
           | (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/odd-jobs-elon-musk-had-
           | when-...). He also worked his way through college and ended
           | up with lots of student debt
           | (https://marketrealist.com/p/elon-musk-emerald-mine/). That
           | doesn't match your narrative that he was born into riches and
           | was successful only because of that.
           | 
           | I also know plenty of people who weren't born rich and became
           | successful via hard work and talent. It is pretty evident
           | that their life priorities, work ethic, and other qualities
           | are very different from the average person. To reduce their
           | lifelong efforts and sacrifices to luck is really just a
           | completely false narrative used by people today to undermine
           | the idea of a meritocracy, since that's necessary to
           | ethically justify large redistributive policies, by labeling
           | someone's fortune as "unearned". It's the same reason why
           | Musk's detractors repeatedly reach for this emerald mine
           | story without a shred of evidence.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | You are mistaken. Errol absolutely played a pivotal role in
             | Elon's initial success:
             | 
             | https://www.sitebuilderreport.com/origin-stories/elon-musk
             | 
             | > Since Musk and Kimbal weren't going to get any funding
             | with a mere proof-of-concept, they had to build out the
             | company using their own capital, and there wasn't much of
             | it. When Zip2 launched, Musk only had $2,000 in the bank.
             | Kimbal had a bit more, having recently sold his share in a
             | College Pro Painters franchise, but most of their startup
             | costs were covered by their father, Errol Musk, who gave
             | them $28,000 to get going.
             | 
             | Elon's "rebuttal" around this point is highly deceptive.
             | Yes, his life with his mom was hard at times. But his dad
             | _did_ in actual fact have a half share in a Zambian emerald
             | mine for 6 years. He was wealthy before that however, due
             | to his engineering company.
             | 
             | So the truth is essentially "both." Did Elon struggle and
             | have to show some grit at times? Yes. Did he get access to
             | initial capital that many people wouldn't? Yes.
        
           | doggodaddo78 wrote:
           | Absolutely conflating apples and oranges. Elon seems to have
           | been luckier by being part of the PayPal Mafia, similar, in a
           | sense, to the w00w00 group. He may have absolutely no idea
           | how or why he got where he did by the choices, beliefs, and
           | circumstances he encountered. Felix Dennis OTOH was a wise,
           | old hippie who had an appreciation for honest introspection.
        
             | Viker wrote:
             | Compeletley agree.
             | 
             | Elon was lucky to be born in a rich family. Made his first
             | 100k before 18.
             | 
             | Felix was lucky to be born in time to ride that hippie
             | wave.
             | 
             | Just like some people were lucky to throw money on bitcoin
             | in 2010~2015.
             | 
             | Still more should be a credited to chanse and luck.
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | > Felix was lucky to be born in time to ride that hippie
               | wave.
               | 
               | "In 1969, Dennis wrote a world exclusive for OZ, the
               | first ever review of Led Zeppelin's debut album." - talk
               | about right place, right time. From there, he gets
               | promoted to co-editor, gets hugely famous through a court
               | case, which lets him start his own publishing company,
               | and the rest is history.
               | 
               | (I'd say there was a lot of luck involved but he also
               | seems to have reasonably good judgement and foresight to
               | take advantage of it.)
        
               | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
               | Dennis didn't get rich off the _Oz_ trial. In fact, he
               | was pretty penniless for a good two years after the
               | trial, and he did not have the kind of fame that he could
               | capitalize on (the judge in the trial had infamously
               | called him a dim-witted young man). What started his road
               | to vast riches was noticing that Bruce Lee films were
               | popular, and starting a new magazine called _Kung Fu
               | Monthly_ that, even though it was a pretty primitive rag,
               | managed to cash in on the fad.
        
           | FabiansMustDie wrote:
           | Felix Dennis was "on the dole" (welfare) and wasn't born into
           | riches -- unlike Elon.
           | 
           | Read the book. It's available on LibGen, and is absolutely
           | worth coming back again to -- if you want to be rich.
        
             | rdedev wrote:
             | This is one datapoint. Not indicative of any route to
             | success or making money
        
           | dstick wrote:
           | I fully agree, but the parent mentions an important word:
           | probability. Combined with your luck, and kept going by grit,
           | you most surely have a recipe for success.
           | 
           | If everyone has 0.01% chance to become a millionaire (chance
           | - that might not happen, or someone does not aspire to be).
           | Then simple probability tells us that a person with grit that
           | does not quit at the first attempt but tries 20 times, has a
           | 0.2% chance.
           | 
           | "I'm a great believer in luck. I find that the harder I work,
           | the more I have of it." is a relevant quote :)
        
             | hooande wrote:
             | the point is that the child of a billionaire starts off
             | with a 100% chance of being a millionaire. the rest of us
             | can try for 50x or 100x longer than avg but the odds of
             | getting to that level are still miniscule. and if that's
             | the case it makes the whole endeavor seem rather arbitrary
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | It is not minuscule. For middle class people, the route
               | to millionaire status is very doable. Live below your
               | means, and regularly invest the difference.
               | 
               | For poor people, the route is to learn a valuable skill,
               | move into the middle class, then apply the above.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | That just moves the goal posts by a level, doesn't it?
               | What's the chance you have a low stress upbringing that
               | allows you to work towards such goals? Parents who are
               | supportive and believe in that middle class dream,
               | teachers who don't give up on you when you misbehave,
               | enough comfort to not have to focus on immediate
               | concerns?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | You can blame your parents and teachers up until age 18,
               | then it's on you.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | That's one of those statements that's useful as an
               | attitude, not so useful as an explanation.
               | 
               | I'm sure people can think of ways your parents influence
               | you after the age of majority.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The point is you have a choice, and you're old enough to
               | know if following your parents' advice is a good idea or
               | not. At 18 it's time to grow up and take responsibility
               | for your life.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | Have you never someone who thought they had to please
               | their parents well into adulthood?
               | 
               | On one hand, yes, on paper you are free when you are 18.
               | 
               | On the other hand, you can't be free without some sort of
               | confidence that you'll be ok if you don't do what your
               | parents say. And if your parents are the domineering
               | kind, they'll have made good use of your first 18 years
               | to keep you in their orbit.
               | 
               | Real life is complicated, not everyone has clarity,
               | especially at that age.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | It's their _choice_ , not their destiny.
               | 
               | Young people reject their parents all the time. A
               | pervasive issue in parenting is the kids refuse to listen
               | to the parents. Movies about it are quite popular - see
               | "Dirty Dancing", "Saturday Night Fever", on and on and
               | on.
               | 
               | I'm not buying the lack of agency of young people. It's
               | just another excuse for _choosing_ the easy way.
               | 
               | If you are not where you want to be in life, have you
               | done anything _today_ to move towards that goal? If you
               | 've done nothing, then choose better. It's your life, not
               | mine. Complaining about not being a billionaire's son is
               | a waste of your life.
               | 
               | If you're in the US, of sound mind and body, and over 18,
               | there's never been a time in history with more
               | opportunity for you. If you refuse to see it, nobody can
               | help you. But just think about all those migrants with
               | nothing walking thousands of miles with the hope of
               | getting into the US.
               | 
               | What do they know that you don't?
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Nonsense.
               | 
               | You can't rationally compare the life chances of someone
               | whose parents are billionaires - with access to that
               | network, and the best schooling, and discussions about
               | investing over dinner - with someone born in a shack
               | without a book in the house.
               | 
               | An incredibly tiny number of people will be able to do
               | well from a near-zero start. And most will do it by being
               | aggressively self-serving narcissists.
               | 
               | Everyone else is going to have a much tougher time.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Migrants who walk a thousand miles to get into the US
               | come with nothing, yet they on average do rather well
               | here.
               | 
               | > without a book in the house
               | 
               | Everybody has a supercomputer in their pocket with access
               | to millions of free books.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | > Everybody has a supercomputer in their pocket with
               | access to millions of free books.
               | 
               | And which ones should you read?
        
               | throwawaysea wrote:
               | That's for the person to figure out. If they're hard
               | working, they'll sacrifice [some leisure activity] to
               | research which books to read.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | A reasonable attitude, but one that you would only arrive
               | at if you were fortunate enough to pick the right books
               | to begin with. Or the right teachers.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | "Siri, which free books should I read?"
        
               | anoncake wrote:
               | Who you are depends on your upbringing, so no, it's never
               | on you.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > it's never on you
               | 
               | People are not robots.
               | 
               | For example, you chose to type your message. The computer
               | did not drag your hapless body over to the computer and
               | force you to type it in.
        
               | anoncake wrote:
               | Yes, they pretty much are. Extremely complicated,
               | organic, robots. But that is not the point. Your choices
               | depend on your personality and abilities, which in turn
               | depend on your upbringing and experiences.
        
               | throwawaysea wrote:
               | I think you're getting close to arguing that there is no
               | free will and that everything in the universe is
               | therefore luck or randomness. Perhaps one way to look at
               | it is that even if humans philosophically are robots, the
               | ones who sacrifice more (via hard work) deserve
               | different, better outcomes.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | If I followed you around for a day, I could point out all
               | the choices you _chose_ to make and could have _chosen_
               | to do differently.
        
             | zimpenfish wrote:
             | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/07/21/luck-hard-work/ is
             | an interesting delve into the origins of that phrase (and
             | an amusing circular reference back to here.)
        
           | wilsonfiifi wrote:
           | I think what you're missing is that to be successful you need
           | someone to invest in you and your ideas. Whether it's your
           | parents or a VC that point still remains true. However you
           | still need to put in the work. So advice from Musk is still
           | valuable in a way. Not all his advice though lol. You need to
           | pick and choose what's relevant or applicable to your
           | situation and that i think requires wisdom and discernment.
           | 
           | Now as to the question of what success is...
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | If you need to pick and choose wisely what advice to
             | follow, then the advice is useless. Might as well pick and
             | choose wisely what to do, directly.
        
           | undefined1 wrote:
           | > if your father doesn't have a precious gem mine in Africa
           | 
           | "This is a pretty awful lie," Elon tweeted. "I left South
           | Africa by myself when I was 17 with just a backpack &
           | suitcase of books. Worked on my Mom's cousin's farm in
           | Saskatchewan & a lumber mill in Vancouver. Went to Queens
           | Univ with scholarship & debt, then same to UPenn/Wharton &
           | Stanford."
           | 
           | In a follow-up tweet, Elon said his father "didn't own an
           | emerald mine & I worked my way through college, ending up
           | ~$100k in student debt."
           | 
           | His mother Maye responded on Twitter in December 2019 in
           | defense of Elon.
           | 
           | "To add to the truth, we went to Boston Chicken in
           | Philadelphia for Thanksgiving because we couldn't afford a
           | turkey. And we spent three weeks making our rent-controlled
           | apartment livable in Toronto," Maye tweeted.
           | 
           | https://moguldom.com/278102/fact-check-did-elon-musk-
           | inherit...
        
             | bckr wrote:
             | Interesting, I had never seen his denial of the emerald
             | mine story or the student debt thing. I wonder what the
             | truth is.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | Elon is being very deceptive with that "rebuttal."
               | 
               | Here's two articles on his father and how he got his
               | fortune: https://www.businessinsider.co.za/how-elon-
               | musks-family-came... and
               | https://www.businessinsider.co.za/elon-musk-sells-the-
               | family...
               | 
               | > "We were very wealthy," says Errol. "We had so much
               | money at times we couldn't even close our safe."
               | 
               | Elon is cherry picking some true details to paint a
               | misleading picture. I'm sure he did work in that lumber
               | mill, and living with his mom at times of his life might
               | have been a financial struggle. But the basic point, that
               | he started out in business with family financial
               | resources that the overwhelming majority of humans will
               | never have, remains true.
               | 
               | If you pay close attention, Elon does this form of
               | deception by selection quite often. It's one of the
               | things that switched me from cheering him on for tesla,
               | spacex, to now more critical and guarded.
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | >rather than improving fundamentals for increasing chances in
         | something that has a good deal of probability involved
         | 
         | In order to do that you have to figure out which 'something has
         | a good deal of probability involved' in the first place and
         | that is what those pesky demands for evidence attempt to figure
         | out.
        
           | papito wrote:
           | Getting born in a wealthy, stable country, preferably into a
           | well-off family, helps a ton.
        
         | xondono wrote:
         | And how will you tell which of those unmentioned "fundamentals"
         | are the most effective?
         | 
         | Because my answer is with the scientific method, which you
         | apparently don't want to use here.
         | 
         | Being difficult to measure is no excuse, measuring proton-
         | proton collisions is very hard, but we are quite good at it
         | anyway..
        
       | kingsuper20 wrote:
       | That's the kind of article that makes me:
       | 
       | 1) Set up my own pile of anecdotes (and the importance of luck,
       | grit, natural ability, etc. in people I know)
       | 
       | 2) Attempt to build a model.
       | 
       | 3) Think about Stanislav Andreski's book 'Social Sciences as
       | Sorcery'.
       | 
       | 4) Go back to my coffee and think about something useful.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Problem is that you can't just look at one out of 10s-100s of
       | combination of things you need to get to success.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | Grit is hard to measure in quantifiable terms so I have my doubts
       | about the methodology of the studies referenced here that are
       | making claims about it. But that doesn't mean it isn't a good
       | _differentiator_ for relative success. That is, it may not be a
       | perfect predictor of success in itself, but it is a contributor.
       | And relative to someone with all other factors held equal, the
       | person with more grit will be more successful. That's not really
       | controversial or in need of "evidence", as it is self-evident.
        
       | Jack000 wrote:
       | School is an "ideal" learning environment - in that to do well
       | all you need to do is digest the information as presented. This
       | requires some baseline cognitive ability and the conciensiousness
       | to actually absorb all the information required of you. In this
       | context you probably don't need a lot of perseverance.
       | 
       | On the other hand most challenging fields are adverse learning
       | environments - where the objective may be open-ended, feedback is
       | few and misleading, and information on the state of the world is
       | mostly inferred. To succeed in this type of environment you
       | probably need a lot more intrinsic drive and tolerance for
       | failure.
        
         | derriz wrote:
         | School is also an adverse learning environment. Your definition
         | of succeeding at school is too narrow - digesting information
         | isn't enough to be a success at school. For example, you need
         | to balance social/peer success with academic success which can
         | be tricky. Teachers' behaviors and expectations differ greatly
         | so you need to quickly develop models of their motivations. You
         | also need to optimize/direct your efforts - there is only a
         | finite number of hours in the day and attempting to "win" at
         | school by simply digesting facts can only work for a tiny
         | minority. In fact, when I think of my peers in school who I
         | would considered to have "succeeded" the most in that
         | environment, none did do solely by being able to digest facts -
         | most were only slightly better than average academically but
         | succeeded in other ways.
        
       | bumbada wrote:
       | There is a nominalization here, very typical of US people:
       | Talking about success like it is one thing, and the same thing
       | for everybody.
       | 
       | The fact is that there are as many different definitions of
       | success as different people in the world.
       | 
       | For some people success is being free to travel the world without
       | constraints or having lots of friends or having sex with lots of
       | people. For others is raising a healthy family and spending lots
       | of time with them. For other people is having power over others,
       | other people want to have a second or third house. Other people
       | want to have more money that they could spend. Or being famous.
       | Other people want to get something significant that merits a
       | Nobel Price.
       | 
       | There is this delusion that you could have it all, you could make
       | yourself rich without working or risking anything, have all the
       | time on the world, travel and be famous.
       | 
       | There is no such a thing. I have met elite sport people that are
       | the best in the world, rich and famous, but they really hate
       | being famous. They have very little time or freedom, and if they
       | want to travel anywhere, specially in South America, Asia or
       | Africa everybody knows they are rich and they can be kidnapped or
       | blackmailed at any time. They can not trust the people around
       | them, unless is family or old friends(or people as rich as them).
       | 
       | I have met very rich business people that don't have free time at
       | all. The money they earn, the wife or children waste. Children
       | getting addictions like drugs or alcohol because their parents
       | send them to internship and demand from them only work and more
       | hard work.
       | 
       | I have met travelers that have traveled dozens of countries, but
       | were incapable of raising a family and always short of money
       | because they stop working as soon as they have enough for
       | discovering a new place.
       | 
       | For me personally success is learning, traveling the world and
       | having free time. I sacrificed money in order to get what I
       | wanted.
       | 
       | I got what I wanted, but had to sacrifice other things for it.
       | Over time I got back most of the things I sacrificed, like money,
       | probably thanks to the people I met along the way, but I did lose
       | it first.
       | 
       | If success is only "economical success", most people from the US
       | are way richer than 90% of the people in the world. They have non
       | economic wealth like rule of law and legal security that in
       | countries like China, most of Africa or in some countries in
       | South America does not exist.
        
         | zhdc1 wrote:
         | The article is largely talking about academic success (with one
         | or two exceptions) which imo is much easier to normalize across
         | countries.
         | 
         | The context to this article is that "grit" is used as one of
         | the characteristics that charter schools and other educational
         | programs in the US try to maximize in low performing areas. If
         | "grit" can't be measured, or if it's just another way of
         | describing another attribute (e.g., contentiousness, which is
         | the article uses - or persistence, which is what you find in
         | many academic articles), then there isn't much of a point of
         | trying to maximize it in academic contexts.
         | 
         | All of this assumes that school performance is something that
         | educators want to increase. This may not necessarily be true in
         | every country and in every context, but it should be true in
         | most of them (and certainly in the US, where a lot of local
         | governments are funding programs using these concepts).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | slver wrote:
       | Most variables of life have a peak usefulness in some amount and
       | then it falls off on both sides.
       | 
       | This means applying more "grit" is useful in life, until some
       | point where more grit becomes less useful.
       | 
       | To make things more complicated, the amount of grit also depends
       | on and interacts with all other variables of life.
       | 
       | So not only the optimal amount of grit varies constantly, but you
       | also get a fractal of local maxima and minima along the way.
       | Basically your "how much grit I need for optimal performance"
       | graph looks like the outline of a mountain.
       | 
       | So given that situation, discussing whether "grit predicts
       | success" is kind of silly, isn't it. If life was this simple, we
       | wouldn't evolve these big brains to account for everything at
       | once and constantly balance and rebalance the equation in attempt
       | to find equilibrium.
       | 
       | EDIT: Maybe we need to run a survey and find out the mean grit we
       | have as a society, and then mandate, say 1% more grit and measure
       | global outcomes. So please draw on this line how much grit you
       | have between 0 and 100. The graph is log, because actual grit
       | varies between 0 and +Infinity.
        
         | xondono wrote:
         | > because actual grit varies between 0 and +Infinity.
         | 
         | The article itself mentions that we measure it in a scale from
         | 1 to 5.
         | 
         | Also, that's a whole lot of assertions you got there, and most
         | of them look very wrong. IQ (to quote the most obvious) is
         | pretty much always good to have, and the more the better.
        
           | slver wrote:
           | Yeah I'd say "1 to 5" is a "log, discretized scale". :-)
           | 
           | Anyway, I don't mean all my assertions to be correct, the
           | scale was tongue in cheek for example. I hope to promote
           | interesting debate.
           | 
           | IQ, BTW, is a fundamentally flawed characteristic. It exists
           | in public consciousness as some universal measure of
           | intelligence. It isn't. Intelligence is multidimensional, not
           | a line. And second, the tests are culturally specific, and
           | somewhat arbitrary in retrospect. Buuut, anyway, that's a
           | debate for another time :)
        
             | xondono wrote:
             | However flawed our current measurement systems of IQ are,
             | IQ is a monotonic predictor (i.e. its correlation with
             | several measures of success is strongest with lineal
             | functions that with functions with local minima). That is
             | to say, better results on any IQ tests are good news.
        
         | mattmanser wrote:
         | Where's the evidence that most variables of life have a peak
         | usefulness in some amount and then it falls off on both sides?
        
           | canucker2016 wrote:
           | Stress (both mental and physical).
           | 
           | for mental stress:
           | 
           | from https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/the-mindful-
           | self-exp... :
           | 
           | "People with a history of some lifetime adversity reported
           | better mental health and well-being outcomes than not only
           | people with a high history of adversity, but also than people
           | with no history of adversity." (Seery et al., 2010, p. 1025)
        
           | mellosouls wrote:
           | Evolution I would imagine.
           | 
           | If a variable is useless it will mostly disappear; dominate
           | for a time if particularly beneficial.
           | 
           | Others ("most") would then follow a statistical distribution
           | of some type.
           | 
           | It seems a reasonable claim for a believable rule of thumb.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Its a reasonable rule, but we are still evolving and have a
             | vestigal tail, we have genetic diseases, we have
             | psycopaths, etc.
        
               | slver wrote:
               | Maybe we need psychopaths :P ?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | I can see why people wouldn't like this comment, but
               | maybe contemplate what it would take to rid the world of
               | psychopaths. There is no known cure for a lack of
               | empathy. Do the ends justify the means, and would anybody
               | but a psychopath desire such a cleansing?
        
               | slver wrote:
               | People don't like it because medical terminology tends to
               | morph in the public dictionary as a caricature of the
               | original meaning. A psychopath doesn't mean an evil
               | person with delusions who committed significant crimes.
               | 
               | We have some evidence psychopaths handle large scale
               | organizations better, because empathy has evolved for
               | close relationships with small number of people. Doesn't
               | mean they're cruel, rather they think differently about
               | it.
               | 
               | Also psychopathy is both dynamic (can change during the
               | course of a lifetime) and a spectrum (non-binary). In
               | general if we'll be open and non-discriminating towards
               | our racial and so on features, we need to also allow for
               | various thinking models, and address problems only
               | directly when they occur.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | "psychopaths handle large scale organizations better"
               | 
               | I would argue that this just proves how messed up are our
               | large scale organisations
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Indeed, the word "psychopath" itself has fallen out of
               | favor for the reasons you've listed
        
           | slver wrote:
           | I can't think of anything where have more to infinity is
           | always better. At some point your need is satiated and starts
           | becoming a detriment.
           | 
           | You're welcome to bring examples, but I've found often those
           | examples don't consider the counter-forces as you increase
           | the "goodness" in one direction, you increase the "badness"
           | for another factor.
           | 
           | Case in point team size. Bigger team, better, faster,
           | stronger. But the combinatorial explosion of communications
           | (everyone talks to everyone) in the team actually renders big
           | teams inoperable.
           | 
           | So the solution is to elect a leader/representative, and then
           | form a team of teams only of those representatives.
           | 
           | You solved the combinatorial explosion of communications, but
           | you added indirection (teams talk to each other through the
           | broken phone of their leaders).
           | 
           | And so on and so on. You never can identify a single thing
           | you can do forever "more" of, and get just benefits.
           | 
           | It's like a spring. There's a balance in the middle. The more
           | you stretch, the harder it gets. The more you push, the
           | harder it gets. The trick is finding the middle.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | General intelligence, excellent judgment, rapport building,
             | and attractiveness all seem like candidates where extremes
             | don't inevitably bring badness.
        
               | mycologos wrote:
               | I dunno, being an extremely attractive woman in a male-
               | dominated field seems like it would be a huge hassle.
        
               | giovannibonetti wrote:
               | General intelligence - if you are too intelligent you
               | might become arrogant and have difficulties putting
               | yourself in other people's shoes.
               | 
               | Attractiveness - you might focus so much in your
               | appearance that other parts of your life get left behind.
               | Think on the Hollywood stars that end up with a crappy
               | life somehow. I've also seen women that are too
               | attractive being chased by aggressive men, which becomes
               | very inconvenient for them.
               | 
               | Good judgement and rapport building are qualities that
               | usually require avoiding the extremes, so I don't think
               | it applies here.
        
               | bckr wrote:
               | Beat me to it!
        
               | bckr wrote:
               | Good point.
               | 
               | Counterpoint: these are measurements that can be
               | factorized into dimensions in which you can go too far.
               | In fact, you can't actually keep going to infinity in
               | these measurements because you will hit roadblocks in the
               | underlying factors.
               | 
               | General intelligence and excellent judgment will contain
               | neuroticism. Too much of that and you get analysis
               | paralysis.
               | 
               | General intelligence and rapport building contain
               | empathy. Too much of that and you become weighed down by
               | feeling everyone else's feelings.
               | 
               | Attractiveness might help you in general but there are
               | issues like jealousy or not being taken seriously by
               | technical people, so it's still a trade off.
        
               | slver wrote:
               | High intelligence is not strongly correlated with
               | success, in fact it's unfortunately correlated with
               | things like increased chance of depression and suicide.
               | Very high intelligence often comes as a result of some
               | other deficiency in that person's life, for example
               | they're socially withdrawn, highly reflective, and prefer
               | to be alone with a book.
               | 
               | Attractiveness makes people think higher of you, and your
               | intelligence. But excessive attractiveness causes people
               | to think you're superficial and focused on your beauty,
               | rather than your intelligence. They may also objectify
               | you, or be intimidated by you.
               | 
               | Every coin has two sides. Every coin.
               | 
               | As for categories like "excellent judgment" etc. these
               | only can be identified post-factum from the results. I.e.
               | it's a circular definition to say "this successful person
               | making judgments correlates with his ability to make
               | successful judgments". So I'm not sure that gives is a
               | clue what to do, or what to be to get there. "Just make
               | excellent judgments, damn it!" :-)
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I frequently hear claims that high intelligence is not
               | correlated strongly positively with success, though that
               | seems to be disputed by longitudinal studies like SMPY.
               | 
               | https://today.duke.edu/2016/06/whenlightningstrikestwice
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | People say that extremely high intelligence is less
               | correlated with _happiness_ then less extreme high
               | intelligence, not (the topic of your linked article)
               | "the potential to make great contributions to society in
               | adulthood"
        
           | leetcrew wrote:
           | at the very least, it's a strong null hypothesis due to
           | opportunity costs.
        
         | hirundo wrote:
         | > This means applying more "grit" is useful in life, until some
         | point where more grit becomes less useful.
         | 
         | "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. Then quit.
         | There's no point in being a damn fool about it." -- W. C.
         | Fields
        
         | fighterpilot wrote:
         | It would only be silly if most people were somewhere near the
         | optima already, which I doubt. Most people are probably lacking
         | that trait, with very few on the right hand side of that peak.
         | 
         | If we're talking about what you can control: point yourself in
         | the right direction then work your ass off. It's possible to
         | succeed while lacking one of these two properties, but it
         | becomes much less likely.
        
       | domano wrote:
       | Hmm, shying away from hard problems sometimes hurts you,
       | sometimes it saves you. It all depends on context. I have had
       | great success being really lazy and selective where to actually
       | invest my time and had better results than people who would just
       | work their ass off always.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Working smart trumps working hard at the wrong things.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | asimjalis wrote:
       | Can we turn the question around and ask the opposite? Does lack
       | of grit predict failure?
        
         | bckr wrote:
         | That depends on your definition of failure, and is confused by
         | factors like inheriting wealth... I know at least one world
         | leader who doesn't have any grit at all...
        
           | Karrot_Kream wrote:
           | In theory you should be able to condition on inherited wealth
           | as well to remove that as a confounding factor (yeah this is
           | a bit causally inspired), so I'd be curious if that's been
           | done here.
        
       | jka wrote:
       | This could be inspected in two directions:
       | 
       | - Does grit predict success? (forwards)
       | 
       | - Do successful people project grit? (backwards)
       | 
       | Although it's always somewhat context-sensitive, with both
       | figures you could learn how much signal to derive from the
       | latter.
       | 
       | If we learned that grit wasn't necessarily an indicator of
       | success, then it'd arguably be a bit callous of successful people
       | to project grit, given that plenty of other people go through
       | hard times without being able to achieve similar outcomes.
        
         | xondono wrote:
         | The problem is that forwards takes a lot of time (which is bad
         | if you intend to make your career on it) and backwards suffers
         | from survivor bias.
        
       | sdenton4 wrote:
       | Most of the 'how to succeed' advice is a mix of survivorship bias
       | with 'necessary but not sufficient' traits. (You can apply a lot
       | of grit at a fast food restaurant and never become a
       | thousandaire.)
       | 
       | Turns out that having both grit and a large family nest egg too
       | reduce the consequences of failure go a long way together. But
       | maybe they're rare to have together: the safety net reduces the
       | need for grit.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _Most of the 'how to succeed' advice is a mix of survivorship
         | bias with 'necessary but not sufficient' traits._
         | 
         | Plus a lot of rich-person-worship (1) and self-glorification
         | (2).
         | 
         | (1) The press version: "Econ Tusk is rich, and he got there by
         | working 22 hours a day, exercizing for 1 1/2hour, and taking a
         | single 30 minute power nap. The secret of his success? Endless
         | grit. It doesn't have anything to do with striking it rich by
         | building a payment app as a regular nerd (that might just as
         | well have gotten nowhere), and then diverting his efforts into
         | media-friendly geek-wet-dream VC instruments that are perfect
         | as opportunities of government contracts and subsidies".
         | 
         | (2) The interview/autobiography version: "How did I made it? I
         | gave it all I've got, risked everything, and worked hard every
         | day. Sure, it only 2 two years before we were bought and I made
         | 100s of millions, working was mostly maginal helping our first
         | employees in building the MVP, business meetings, bossing
         | people around, and having the 'vision', the risk was minimal
         | because I had an MBA and/or CS skills I could use to get a job
         | anytime, and everything was paid by VCs anyway, but it was all
         | grit I tell you".
        
           | glogla wrote:
           | Econ Tusk was a child of rich plantantion slav... I mean
           | Fouth Rafrican Bapartheid farmers long before any payment
           | apps.
        
             | stronk2 wrote:
             | I'm sorry, did you have a stroke while writing this? Or is
             | this the same kind of attempt at humor as writing
             | "Micro$oft"?
             | 
             | The people on this website always talk about how this isn't
             | Reddit. You're right, it's actually pretentious Reddit.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | See also 'prosperity gospel':
           | 
           | > _Prosperity theology (sometimes referred to as the
           | prosperity gospel, the health and wealth gospel, the gospel
           | of success, or seed faith)[A] is a religious belief among
           | some Protestant Christians that financial blessing and
           | physical well-being are always the will of God for them, and
           | that faith, positive speech, and donations to religious
           | causes will increase one 's material wealth.[1]_
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperity_theology
           | 
           | * https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/9/1/15951874/prosperity
           | -...
           | 
           | Dave Ramsey, who's not shy about his faith, doesn't go that
           | far:
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUJjUxyIwbA
           | 
           | Bishop Barron from the Catholic perspective:
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ip4Jx92F94
        
           | danielam wrote:
           | > Plus a lot of rich-person-worship (1) and self-
           | glorification (2).
           | 
           | I could not resist (Chesterton's "The Fallacy of
           | Success")[0].
           | 
           | [0] https://www.commonlit.org/en/texts/the-fallacy-of-success
        
         | zippy5 wrote:
         | I somewhat agree that a gritty person shouldn't keep a fast
         | food job, but some of the Uber drivers I meet are incredibly
         | gritty. They work incredibly long hours and grind on multiple
         | apps. They have well thought out strategies for how to make as
         | much as they can per hour and have plans for how they will
         | invest their money.
         | 
         | I admire the heck out of em but I can see most people don't
         | want that life. I have no doubt that kind of work ethic could
         | be wasted in the wrong environment but a successful person
         | should have both grit and the ability to find an environment
         | where they can use it to get ahead.
         | 
         | I'd even argue that corporate America as whole rarely rewards
         | grit with a couple exceptions.
        
           | Balgair wrote:
           | > and the ability to find an environment where they can use
           | it to get ahead
           | 
           | Reminds me of this quote:
           | 
           | "Free enterprise needs elbow room"
           | 
           | -Poul Anderson
        
         | zappo2938 wrote:
         | The road to success: either "be the first, be the best, or
         | cheat." I was on the transom of a mega yacht at Atlantis on
         | Paradise Island and a tourist walking along the dock asked me
         | how he can get one for himself. I shrugged, I wouldn't know, I
         | only worked on it and said "work hard, I guess." He said that
         | he works in IT, works his butt off, and does ok but will never
         | have that type of wealth. But my assertion isn't quite the
         | truth. It is more simple than my first statement. "Buy low and
         | sell high." It helps coming from wealth however most of the
         | Americans who own yachts are self made often coming from middle
         | class or lower families. They started the process of buying low
         | and selling high in the 60s and 70s. Most of the people I've
         | met who own a yacht share a characteristic, they are passionate
         | about making the deal. It is almost like they aren't passionate
         | about making money but rather getting something below its
         | market value and selling it above its market value.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | Grit + a large nest egg can effectively buy success in many
         | markets.
         | 
         | If a millionaire decides that they will run a successful
         | restaurant come hell or high water then that is what will
         | happen as they're now spending double the typical startup cost
         | of a new restaurant they can be quite bad at it and still be
         | successful.
        
       | papito wrote:
       | As the Chinese say: "Luck is a combination of opportunity and
       | hard work".
       | 
       | You can work hard, yes, but you also need to walk into an
       | opportunity to exploit your hard work, for ultimate success.
       | 
       | Developing skills to see a better opportunity matters. Some
       | people just grind away at it without thinking, and some pause and
       | re-evaluate. Think more, work less. Don't be a dumb work ant.
       | 
       | In programming, I found that when I was younger, I did that a
       | lot. I kept coding and rewriting. Now that I am older, I think
       | for days before I start something, and it usually results in less
       | starting from scratch. I try to play things out, visualize, etc.
       | The code does not just work the first time because I am "lucky".
        
       | fighterpilot wrote:
       | Grit sounds like conscientiousness repackaged and branded in pop
       | science fashion.
       | 
       | There's a big psychometrics literature on conscientiousness.
       | Start there.
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | > There's a big psychometrics literature on conscientiousness.
         | Start there
         | 
         | I've spent some time diving into the OCEAN model and its factor
         | analysis. Do you have any recommendations for references, books
         | or papers, that offer a good introduction to the subject
         | assuming statistical fluency?
        
         | jariel wrote:
         | 'Conscientiousness' and 'Grit' I think are different
         | attributes.
         | 
         | Conscientious people are like your 'nice Grandparents': they
         | are consistent, orderly, pay their bills, are pleasant,
         | predictable, file their taxes, recycle, don't steal.
         | 
         | Gritty people are those who mount the psychological effort
         | necessary to take on a challenging problem, and have the
         | wherewithal to keep going when things get rough.
         | 
         | To me the bit of confusion might arise between: 'Grit' and
         | 'stubbornness' i.e. continue down an actually bad path and
         | 'Grit' and 'Lack of Self Awareness' i.e. people utterly
         | underestimating their ability, or the complexity of a domain.
         | 'Fake it tell you make it' is actually a helpful characteristic
         | in some areas, but in others it's not.
         | 
         | I do believe that 'grit' and 'conscientiousness' are both
         | positive attributes in people who start companies, but that
         | 'conscientiousness' is probably a more important attributes in
         | most of the employees.
         | 
         | From the article: "Conscientiousness was twice as useful at
         | predicting success as grit was." I have no doubt it's a better
         | predictor for general life outcomes and especially academic
         | outcomes. Doing a degree is mostly a grind.
        
           | fighterpilot wrote:
           | Grit sounds like a strict subset of conscientiousness.
           | 
           | I find it indistinguishable to the industriousness aspect of
           | conscientiousness (and unrelated to the orderliness aspect).
           | 
           | I wonder if they can point to any concrete differences
           | between grit and conscientiousness-industriousness in terms
           | of definition?
        
             | jariel wrote:
             | I've literally just explained the difference to you.
             | 
             | From Google:
             | 
             | "Grit is the perseverance and passion to achieve long-term
             | goals. Sometimes you will hear grit referred to as mental
             | toughness."
             | 
             | "Conscientiousness is the personality trait of being
             | careful, or diligent. Conscientiousness implies a desire to
             | do a task well, and to take obligations to others
             | seriously. Conscientious people tend to be efficient and
             | organized as opposed to easy-going and disorderly."
             | 
             | They are not the same thing, though obviously the
             | characteristics overlap.
             | 
             | People in creative disciplines can have 'high grit' but
             | often very low conscientiousness and be successful.
             | 
             | As someone exposed a little bit to the music industry, I'm
             | amazed by the level of determination people have in the
             | face of rejection, and and at the same time, a lot of
             | careless, inconsistent and risky behaviours in their life.
             | Hard drug use, unstable relationships etc. - those are all
             | 'low conscientious' things. But grit off the scale.
             | 
             | Tons of people are 'highly conscientious' and have little
             | grit. Your bus driver, 12 year vet, never missed work?
             | Probably highly conscientious, and likely low on grit. In
             | fact, most working class people doing thoughtful and
             | diligent, consistent work, but who have no greater goals or
             | ambitions and avoid risk are probably low in grit.
        
               | fighterpilot wrote:
               | You explained the difference between the broad google
               | definitions but that doesn't change my point that grit
               | seems to be a strict subset of the actual definition
               | conscientiousness which includes not only orderliness
               | (which we both agree is unrelated to grit) but other
               | things like achievement striving and industriousness
               | (which appear to me to be the same thing as grit).
               | 
               | You could have an artist that's low in orderliness but
               | high in industriousness or high in achievement striving.
               | Does grit add anything novel beyond these existing facets
               | of conscientiousness?
        
         | e12e wrote:
         | I had to look that up - I think the psycolical term differs
         | quite a lot from the dictionary definition - but I certainly
         | see some similarity between "grit" and something like:
         | 
         | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/conscientiousness
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Grit is just the statistics of trying over and over.
       | 
       | It's a truism that can't be refuted: trying something multiple
       | times increases the likelihood by some amount that one will
       | succeed (when compared to fewer attempts).
        
       | sudhirj wrote:
       | Think I realised a while ago that nothing predicts success.
       | That's not to say that success is only luck, it has requirements,
       | but not predictors. Hard work, grit, skill, luck, privilege etc
       | are all required in combinations that result in a baseline sum,
       | but nothing will predict success.
       | 
       | Success is almost by definition a hindsight measure. You can only
       | work backwards from it, but never guarantee a forward path into
       | it.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > I realised a while ago that nothing predicts success ...
         | never guarantee a forward path into it
         | 
         | Guarantee, no. Anyone could be hit by a bus tomorrow. But it is
         | clear that one can greatly increase their odds of success. For
         | example, learning a job skill. Learning how to manage money.
         | Living below your means. Associate with successful people
         | instead of losers. Ditching the victim mentality.
         | 
         | One can also greatly decrease odds of success by, say, dropping
         | out, playing video games all day, hittin' the crack pipe, etc.,
         | and adopting the victim mentality.
        
           | jka wrote:
           | I think what you're saying is that you and your peers have a
           | shared definition of success, and within that, there are
           | well-known ways to improve the likelihood of reaching that
           | goal.
           | 
           | Certainly having goals (particularly ones that retain a
           | healthy, well-rounded lifestyle) can help people avoid
           | negative outcomes.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Anyone can use their own definition of success. Then
             | develop a plan to get there, and execute the plan.
        
             | hurril wrote:
             | I think you're being a little bit weasly here. They do have
             | a shared definition of success and you are part of that, as
             | am I. The definition does not have to be identical to be
             | useful.
        
               | jka wrote:
               | That's fair, I think I was being, yep (in order to try to
               | pick apart and perhaps critique what are widely agreed as
               | successful achievements).
        
           | cpursley wrote:
           | Unless you're the son of a US president.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | you probably can't become destitute and homeless if you're
             | the son of a US president, but you can certainly squander
             | your well above average chance of also becoming president.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Perfect example: few people bother to do anything to make
             | this happen, so is it any wonder they don't reap the
             | benefit?
        
             | dmpk2k wrote:
             | Probabilities. Outliers.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> Think I realised a while ago that nothing _predicts_
         | success. _
         | 
         | I understand what you're trying to say but as fyi... you're
         | using "predict" in colloquial terms which is very different
         | from math statistics where _" predictor variable"_ is a _term-
         | of-art_ :
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=%22statistics%22+%22predicto...
         | 
         | (a) term-of-art statistics example: the X independent variable
         | represents low to high blood alcohol level which is a predictor
         | for car crashes (represented by Y). A high blood alcohol of
         | 0.20% is a better predictor of drivers causing car crashes than
         | the amount of salt eaten in a meal.
         | 
         | (b) colloquial usage: Nothing "predicts" car crashes because my
         | uncle Jim drank a whole bottle of vodka and didn't hit anybody
         | when driving home -- while a Tesla self-driving car with no
         | blood alcohol at all crashed into a tree! Predictions about car
         | crashes are bogus.
         | 
         | Different usage of (a) and (b) is example of equivocation
         | fallacy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivocation
         | 
         | Another way to look at it: (a) is often about _aggregates and
         | groups_ (aka statistics) but (b) is about personal anecdotes or
         | obersvations where n=1. This means they will disagree because
         | they 're talking about different things.
         | 
         | EDIT reply to : _> Well, it's hardly "colloquial" usage, more
         | like conversational, dictionary, typical, etc._
         | 
         | I don't what correction you're trying to make here. The top
         | link for
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=colloquial&oq=colloquial
         | 
         | ... is : _" (of language) used in ordinary or familiar
         | _conversation_; not formal or literary."_
         | 
         | That matches what you said.
         | 
         |  _> The comment didn't seem like it was grounded in maths/stats
         | terminology._
         | 
         | Yes, and that was actually the _main point_ of my comment. This
         | thread 's Nautilus article of "predict" refers to research
         | studies which talks talks about statistical predictor variables
         | ("grit" being the X axis independent variable). The gp comment
         | copies the word "predict" in his own comment but uses it in a
         | _non_ -statistical meaning and readers may not be aware of the
         | silent switch in usage. (Equivocation.)
         | 
         | E.g. Do SAT test scores "predict" income level? It can be "yes"
         | or "no" depending on which meaning of "predict" one is using.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | Well, you just presented yet another proof that living
           | languages are deeply flawed. :(
        
           | austinjp wrote:
           | Well, it's hardly "colloquial" usage, more like
           | conversational, dictionary, typical, etc. The comment didn't
           | seem like it was grounded in maths/stats terminology.
           | 
           | I read the comment as being about an individual rather than a
           | population, which illustrates the problem: predicting
           | individual success is (nearly?) impossible even if population
           | data is consulted. Probably due to chaotic processes and the
           | impossibility of understanding all relevant variables,
           | exacerbated by the confusion of correlation with causation
           | i.e. post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacies.
        
         | talliedthoughts wrote:
         | Not only a hindsight measure, but also a very individual
         | measure. Society usually defines success as some combination of
         | wealth and fame, but everyone can choose another definition of
         | success for themselves.
         | 
         | Say someone defines success for themselves as "becoming the
         | number 1 basketball player in the world", then gets into the
         | top 10 and becomes rich and famous because of it. They might
         | internally consider themselves a failure, even though they are
         | very successful in the eyes of everyone else.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | papito wrote:
         | _Nothing_ is guaranteed in life. Working towards something just
         | tips the scale of luck in your favor.
         | 
         | Luck is still a factor, it's just a matter of minimizing it.
         | 
         | Some people work their asses off starting a company, and it
         | never takes off, and some dude who barely knows how to program
         | runs into someone at a party and gets hired for a million
         | dollars to build a dumb website.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | I agree. Except you cant say that in Jobs Interview. Nor does
           | mainstream media wants to acknowledge this.
        
             | pdimitar wrote:
             | True. That's why critical thinking that's freed from what's
             | popularly believed is such a crucially important skill to
             | have.
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | > _Some people work their asses off starting a company, and
           | it never takes off, and some dude who barely knows how to
           | program runs into someone at a party and gets hired for a
           | million dollars to build a dumb website._
           | 
           | This should be written somewhere with huge letters and be the
           | final end of that otherwise endless discussion.
           | 
           | People in HN are really baffling to me in how they underplay
           | luck and overplay effort all the time. And I've seen what you
           | said, on both extremes, like 50 times in my life so far at
           | least.
        
             | arvinsim wrote:
             | It hurts the ego to admit one's personal success is due to
             | luck and not by effort.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Yep, more or less. There's also this phenomena (that I
               | have no doubt has a name in Wikipedia but I don't know
               | it) that leads to our brain conflating "I made it! I made
               | money!" with "I am super good at EVERYTHING!".
               | 
               | I don't why that is. A lot of us know that the ego is our
               | brain's top priority but nobody really knows _why_ is
               | that the case.
               | 
               | This also leads to rich people producing various
               | misguided essays in which they are asserting stuff that's
               | way outside their area of expertise -- but since they are
               | rich and popular, many people gulp them as a holy gospel
               | and repeat them ad infinitum...
               | 
               | Eventually we go full circle and start seeing what is the
               | topic of the OP: that there are a lot of widely believed
               | adages without them ever being well-supported by any
               | evidence.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | shoto_io wrote:
         | Yes, agree. But... :)
         | 
         | It also depends on "step size". So if you define success very
         | incrementally you can about it almost scientifically and do
         | "test and learn".
         | 
         | On a large scale I agree with you, it's pretty impossible to
         | draw a clear line.
        
         | euske wrote:
         | > Success is almost by definition a hindsight measure.
         | 
         | The same goes for natural selection. "Survival of the fittest"
         | is always defined retrospectively. You'll never know what is
         | truly advantageous at the moment. The only possible strategy is
         | just to try _anything_.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | This article lays out the evidence: identifying something people
       | can (in theory) change about themselves will be popular. If the
       | thesis were "people with violet eyes are more successful", well,
       | not much you can do about that without (likely dangerous) medical
       | intervention. But if you have enough grit you can work on your
       | grit.
       | 
       | On the other hand something like "grit" is inspirational to
       | people who like that kind of thing ("I'm going to improve my
       | grit"), scammers ("Take my course on improving your grit"), and
       | the comfortably well off who can use it as an excuse not to worry
       | about the less fortunate ("Not my problem if they lack grit. I
       | worked on mine and look at the result!").
       | 
       | PS: as with so many cases, the US ignores international ISO
       | standards when grading sandpaper grit.
        
       | lawrenceyan wrote:
       | Maximize working in smarter and more scalable ways. Hard work and
       | grit is important, but by itself is not enough.
        
       | zhdc1 wrote:
       | There are several meta analyses you can find on Google Scholar
       | that show a weak to moderate relationship between grit and
       | educational success.
       | 
       | The issue appears to be that there are conflicts over what grit
       | actually represents in this context and whether Duckworth's scale
       | is a good measure (and if she's overselling her findings).
       | 
       | These are very relevant questions, but they're very different
       | from grit != success, or that grit doesn't matter.
        
       | fblp wrote:
       | I think you can improve grit or conciensiousness practicing "not-
       | doing". I have no research to support this, but if i think of
       | something i find meditating or slowing down can help when I'm
       | facing adversity.
        
         | alea_iacta_est wrote:
         | > I have no research to support this
         | 
         | There's a religion built around that concept, it's called
         | buddhism and it's been around for 2,500 years.
        
       | beforeolives wrote:
       | I think some people here might be reacting to a title that
       | confirms their preconceptions and are missing one of the main
       | points of the article - that conscientiousness is probably a
       | stronger, more well-defined and more reliable predictor of
       | success than grit.
        
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