[HN Gopher] An enigmatic Javanese manuscript in the British Library
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       An enigmatic Javanese manuscript in the British Library
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 43 points
       Date   : 2021-04-14 05:58 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blogs.bl.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blogs.bl.uk)
        
       | tenaciousDaniel wrote:
       | My brain read the title as "Javascript manuscript" and I was
       | extremely confused for a few moments.
        
         | monsieurbanana wrote:
         | Your comment made me look at the title again, and it's not
         | "Japanese" like I first thought...
        
       | Koshkin wrote:
       | A beautiful script. More examples:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_script#Sample_texts.
        
       | desireco42 wrote:
       | Is there anything British didn't stole? I am asking for me Greek
       | friend ;)
        
       | bellyfullofbac wrote:
       | One of my ideas was to have a t-shirt that says "Javascript",
       | written in Javanese script...
       | 
       | But the script looks very complicated so this idea never got
       | anywhere.
        
         | Clewza313 wrote:
         | Try plugging "Aksara Jawa" (Javanese for "Java Script") or
         | "Jawasekrip" (phonetic approximation of the English) into here:
         | 
         | https://lingojam.com/JavaneseScript
         | 
         | You'll likely need to install a Javanese font though.
        
           | bradrn wrote:
           | I don't know too much about Javanese, but I'm pretty sure
           | that generator is rubbish. e.g. for input 'ja', it gives '',
           | when it should be just ''. It appears to be doing a simple
           | letter-for-letter substitution, which is incorrect: for
           | instance, it ends up replacing every vowel in the Latin
           | transcription with a separate vowel letter, while vowels
           | after a consonant should be represented using a diacritic in
           | Javanese (and other Indic scripts).
        
         | bradrn wrote:
         | This sounded an interesting challenge, so I decided to have a
         | go at it. Here's my best attempt:  / or as an image:
         | https://i.imgur.com/kRq6o88.png.
         | 
         | An explanation, because it's interesting: Javanese script is an
         | _abugida_ , like all other Brahmi-derived scripts. This means
         | that each letter has an _inherent vowel_ ; thus, a letter by
         | itself represents a whole syllable, starting with that
         | consonant and ending with the inherent vowel. In Javanese, the
         | inherent vowel is /a/, so the first two letters  represent the
         | two syllables /ja va/. (The dots on the second letter indicate
         | that /v/ isn't a native sound; the closest you can get natively
         | is  /ja wa/.) The next syllable /skri/ is , which has a few
         | components, so let's break it down. Firstly, vowel change is
         | achieved by adding a diacritic; e.g. /ja wi/ would be , with
         | the diacritic * for /-i/. You get consonant clusters using the
         | _conjunct form_ of a consonant -- the second consonant in a
         | cluster is changed to its conjunct form and placed below (or
         | sometimes next to) the first consonant. e.g.  /ka/ is , while
         | /sa/  can be converted to /ska/  by placing the conjunct form
         | of  below . (In Unicode, the conjuncts are not encoded
         | separately, being a combination of the first consonant in the
         | cluster with a pangkon, but that's a discussion for another
         | time.) Finally, the syllable gains a medial /-r-/ from the
         | 'cakra' diacritic *  wrapped around the syllable. So: starting
         | from /sa/ , add the conjunct /ska/ , then add the cakra giving
         | /skra/ , and then finally add the vowel diacritic giving /skri/
         | . The final letter  represents /pt@/, and is formed by similar
         | principles: /pa/  - /pta/  - /pt@/ . (Or possibly should it be
         | /pt@/ ? But  sounds the same to English-speakers, and looks
         | nicer in context.) Finally, I added  around it to look nice --
         | in authentic Javanese manuscripts, these punctuation marks are
         | used surrounding titles.
         | 
         | EDIT: I forgot to mention _why_ I split up the last English
         | syllable  /skrIpt/ into two syllables /skrip.t@/ -- it's
         | because Javanese syllables can't end in /-pt/, so I have to
         | insert a vowel afterwards to make the English word fit into
         | Javanese orthography. (And then the orthography adds an extra
         | layer of complication, because the two syllables /skrip.t@/ end
         | up being written as orthographic /skri pt@/, with the /p/ being
         | moved to the beginning of the next syllable block, because
         | Javanese script can only write initial consonant clusters... I
         | think; this is one of the bits I'm a bit unsure about here.)
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | HN comment of the decade, right here folks.
        
             | bradrn wrote:
             | Why, thank you! I'm just glad you found it interesting.
        
           | thunderbong wrote:
           | That was amazing! And the word looks so beautiful! Thank you.
           | 
           | I read your entire comment and one weird thought came to me
           | at the end of it - everything is complex when it comes to
           | Javascript!
        
           | valarauko wrote:
           | I'm assuming this is using 'modern' Javanese orthography -
           | how different would it be with the orthography for Sanskrit
           | texts?
        
       | mkrazzledazzle wrote:
       | Interesting, how did it just end up in the british library? Why
       | is there an aspect of romanticization to the fact that it is in a
       | british library? Why isn't it in a library in indonesia? Let me
       | guess..if it were not for the british having looted it with the
       | express purpose of "preservation", the world would not have come
       | to know about this.
        
         | alimw wrote:
         | I imagine it was bought with money.
        
           | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
           | I looked it up (well, kinda). It's from the Crawfurd
           | collection. Some were looted by the British, but most were
           | bought or acquired by normal means. https://www.academia.edu/
           | 43066387/The_Origins_of_the_John_Cr...
           | 
           | Also, turns out Crawfurd was a political "radical" of the
           | time, calling for universal suffrage, secret ballots, and
           | public education.
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | Sadly you are probably right about that. And so here we are...
        
         | INTPenis wrote:
         | You're right of course and I would have made the same point,
         | but to play british advocate for a second; the javanese might
         | not have had a good place to store it when it was stolen.
         | 
         | It should definitely be returned now but the british might have
         | saved thousands of artefacts by stealing them from other less
         | stable regions.
        
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