[HN Gopher] Dvorak vs Colemak (2010-2020)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Dvorak vs Colemak (2010-2020)
        
       Author : harporoeder
       Score  : 70 points
       Date   : 2021-04-13 14:53 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (xahlee.info)
 (TXT) w3m dump (xahlee.info)
        
       | asimjalis wrote:
       | As dictation technology gets better I suspect the keyboard will
       | not be as relevant for entering English text.
       | 
       | One area where dictation does not work well is writing code.
       | 
       | Question: Is there a keyboard optimized for typing programming
       | languages rather than for typing English?
        
         | ezrast wrote:
         | With the exception of Dvorak, every English-centric layout I've
         | looked at (Colemak, Workman, Carpalx, probably a couple others)
         | moves only the letters around, keeping punctuation in the same
         | place as QWERTY. This means the right pinky is heavily
         | overloaded for many/most common programming languages, which
         | use far more punctuation than prose does.
         | 
         | Dvorak moves several punctuation keys onto the left hand, which
         | is great, but unfortunately it also moves braces and brackets
         | farther away from the home row, which I found bad enough by
         | itself to prompt me to look elsewhere.
         | 
         | There's a variant called "Programmer Dvorak" which is somehow
         | even worse. Aside from moving the numerals into ridiculous
         | positions, now all the paired delimiters are on number keys but
         | not in any consistent way. Both braces are on the left hand.
         | Brackets and parentheses are on opposing hands, but, depending
         | on how you slide your right hand up to the number row (7 and 8
         | are both natural resting places for the index finger), one pair
         | will not be on corresponding fingers! And in general, I have a
         | hard time touch-typing the middle part of the number row, so I
         | don't like anything that puts common characters there.
         | 
         | I've come to the conclusion that no, every common keyboard
         | layout is bad for programming (for me). Eventually I gave up
         | trying to find something suitable and made my own custom
         | layout, which I've been using for a few years now.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | Coming from a Nordic country where we use a version of ISO
         | layout I would not go so far as to say that US-ansi layout is
         | optimized for programming, but programming languages are
         | definitely constructed around US-ansi.
        
         | gabetax wrote:
         | Programming languages mostly boil down to symbols, and I
         | haven't seen standardization efforts around that concern
         | specifically. Some layouts swaps the "shift" state on the
         | number row (i.e. you type ! by default, and have to hold shift
         | to type 1). There are more commonly efforts around dedicated
         | layouts for compact boards, like
         | [Miryoku](https://github.com/manna-harbour/miryoku). You will
         | find a ton of bespoke layouts though.
         | https://configure.zsa.io/ergodox-ez/layouts/Qa34z/latest/1 is
         | what my own layout that places `{}() -_+=` on the homerow. This
         | is heavily dependent on language though. A Haskell person is
         | going to have different symbol histograms from a Javascript
         | person.
        
         | hawthornio wrote:
         | Code dictation should be entirely possible with language
         | models. Need to understand how the write the code. But
         | acquiring datasets for many languages and reducing latency may
         | be difficult.
        
       | chias wrote:
       | I used Dvorak for a couple years before switching back in the
       | mid-2010s. Back then my QWERTY speed was about 120 wpm, and I
       | never got close to that on Dvorak, but really the only time I can
       | even think at 120 wpm is when arguing on the internet so maybe
       | that's not altogether a bad thing. I was never as fast, but
       | typing was a lot more comfortable in general. I ended up
       | switching back due to work computer restrictions (grad student)
       | at the time.
       | 
       | I just switched back to Dvorak, and while it's been a solid six
       | years, it's coming back reasonably quickly :) I forgot how much I
       | enjoyed this layout.
        
       | cdaringe wrote:
       | I'm a happy colemak user of 3 years. The h argument is pretty
       | interesting. As an English only writer and a programmer, I did
       | not personally find the remaining arguments compelling. But, this
       | goes to show how complicated the selection process is, and
       | appreciate the analysis nonetheless.
        
       | kbd wrote:
       | Learning Dvorak was one of the best decisions I've made in my
       | career/life. It took a few weeks of effort to get back up to
       | parity with Qwerty but it's paid off for _decades_.
        
       | haikur wrote:
       | Just pick one. A 5% typing speed increase won't make you a better
       | programmer.
        
       | CraigJPerry wrote:
       | Xah Lee's site and videos were really handy for me, i fired a few
       | $$$ his way to say thanks for his efforts.
       | 
       | My journey went:                   1. Qwerty         2. Dvorak
       | (liked the left right alternation, the fact its available on all
       | OS's, disliked the common keys on weaker fingers)         2.
       | Colemak mod dk (don't like rolling, alternating is just more
       | natural, easy to go faster)         3. Halmak - favourite of the
       | lot         4. Halmak + home row mod keys         5. Qwerty +
       | gacs         6. Qwerty + gasc - just worked better than gacs for
       | me
       | 
       | Then there was the detour through hardware, zsa moonlander was
       | the most interesting. Very nice key caps.
       | 
       | The bad news is that it's all been for naught. I'm back to touch
       | typing qwerty on a g915.
       | 
       | I am using AHK and mimicing Xah Lee's external keypad idea with
       | the num lock toggle - undo, redo, cut copy paste, all single key
       | actions rather than chords.
        
       | SkyPuncher wrote:
       | I've been using Colemak for 5+ years now. I spent a lot of time
       | researching layouts before I committed to one. My conclusion on
       | efficiency was (1) nobody really knows because everyone types
       | differently (2) raw speed isn't important since most typing I do
       | involves pauses to think.
       | 
       | Dvorak and Colemak would both solve a huge problem for me. Qwerty
       | requires a lot of extreme row movements that were causing me a
       | lot of hand pain. Both Dvorak and Colemak move a significant
       | amount of typing to the home row and eliminate a lot of the
       | movement directly between the extremes of the rows. Choosing an
       | extreme, anecdote, a word like minimum alternates between the top
       | and bottom row between every letter on Qwerty. On Colemak,
       | minimum there's only one extreme jump u => m. I've found that
       | this tends to hold true for much of what I type.
       | 
       | I personally choose Colemak because I liked the transition
       | process a bit easier. The base layout is closer to Qwerty and you
       | can pick a few keys to transition at a time.
        
       | joshkaufman wrote:
       | I've been a happy Colemak user since 2012. One of the first
       | things I do when I get a new computer is rearrange the physical
       | keys, which is a significant advantage of Apple non-butterfly
       | keyboards. [1]
       | 
       | Aside from less overall movement while typing, Colemak keeps many
       | common keyboard shortcuts the same. The first few hours are very
       | frustrating, but the overall time-to-competence is short. There's
       | a lot of upside and little downside.
       | 
       | I wrote about the process of learning Colemak in my book on skill
       | acquisition, and posted a summary of the process and the
       | tools/techniques I used on the book's website. [2]
       | 
       | [1] https://twitter.com/joshkaufman/status/1334632614368583680
       | 
       | [2] https://first20hours.com/typing/
        
         | arh68 wrote:
         | You're so right about [1], when possible. I should've
         | rearranged them years ago on this mid-2012 MBA 11" .. maybe I
         | should actually do that, today. I'm quite used to 104-key
         | qwerty boards, but if all my keyboards could say aoeui they
         | totally would.
         | 
         | For those chiding the practice, it's not for beginners-still-
         | learning, it's for actual-years-running-users trying to type
         | one-handed once in a while.
         | 
         | As for looking at a qwerty keyboard from a dvorak mindset, I'd
         | say dvorak "wins" in my head like my right eye's image wins
         | over my left. I look down and "see" aoeui .. pyf .. dhtns. But
         | it's still confusing.
         | 
         | The programmer in me wants a numpad for () [] {} +-/*^% &c. (Do
         | any exist, off the shelf, I wonder?)
        
         | Faaak wrote:
         | You should _not_ rearrange the keys when learning a new layout,
         | because then you won't train your muscular memory and it will
         | be worse in the end
        
           | frosted-flakes wrote:
           | Having to resort to trial-and-error to find the correct key
           | is painful and completely debilitating. You can still develop
           | muscle memory if the labels are correct.
        
       | nayuki wrote:
       | Been using Dvorak full time since 2004, very happy with it, never
       | looked back at QWERTY. I wrote a long self-interview here:
       | https://www.nayuki.io/page/i-type-in-dvorak
       | 
       | One new point that I haven't worked into the article is the fact
       | that many keyboard shortcuts require a Right Ctrl key or else
       | they can't be done on one hand. At the same time, many laptops on
       | the market omit the Right Ctrl key, to my utter frustration.
       | Manufacturers need to stop messing with keyboard layouts! Even my
       | humble 13-inch Lenovo ThinkPad X220 from year 2012 had a pretty
       | good layout while being compact, while newer machines keep making
       | keyboards worse despite having the same physical dimensions.
        
         | limeblack wrote:
         | Most can be done with one hand on a Mac but I do know what you
         | mean.
        
         | 1MachineElf wrote:
         | The X220 keyboard is the holy grail of laptop keyboards as far
         | as I'm concerned.
         | 
         | In addition to what you mention, it's got a big fat Escape key
         | that's nice for vi users. This keys has shrunk on newer and
         | competing laptop keyboards, so I've since resorted to
         | exchanging Caps Lock for Escape.
         | 
         | The blatant Qwerty-centrism of Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, and
         | Ctrl+V is quite annoying for many Dvorak users. In my case, I
         | was looking to cure more than RSI, so before learning Dvorak I
         | incidentally also learned to use a left hand mouse. Combined
         | with Dvorak, theses shortcuts are easier. They're also doubly
         | easier with a left-hand trackball mouse, because you can hold
         | Ctrl down with your left thumb while you control the trackball
         | with your left index/middle fingers, and hit Z/X/C/V, all
         | simultaneously.
        
           | nayuki wrote:
           | Mostly agreed. Regarding X220, I also like its decently
           | arranged block of Delete/Home/End/PgUp/PgDn keys and
           | dedicated volume buttons (whereas other laptop keyboards may
           | require Function Lock or Fn). And it has a Context Menu key,
           | which I actually use; many manufacturers (including later
           | Lenovo) think it's superfluous and silently omit it.
           | 
           | Regarding the QWERTY-centrism of Ctrl+ZXCV, I have absolutely
           | no problem with their Dvorak equivalents and can touch-type
           | these shortcuts without looking at the keyboard. But I must,
           | must, must have a Right Ctrl key to do this effectively. Just
           | for reference for QWERTY people out there, Dvorak ZXCV is
           | equivalent to QWERTY Slash,B,I,Period. For example, Ctrl+C in
           | Dvorak has the same position as Ctrl+I in QWERTY. I would put
           | my left pinky on I and left thumb (or index finger) on Right
           | Ctrl. And I would put my right hand on the mouse to select
           | text or files or draw.
        
       | limeblack wrote:
       | > There are Dvorak with QWERTY-shortcuts layout, that comes with
       | Linux
       | 
       | This is not accurate really. This used to be the default but at
       | least with Ubuntu/Debian you need 3rd part software. Which means
       | this statement holds true for windows also.
        
       | tbenst wrote:
       | I prefer the quantitative approach taken by Carpalx [1].
       | 
       | This analysis finds that Dvorak and Colemak are both
       | substantially better than QWERTY, but Colemak has the edge.
       | 
       | [1] http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/?popular_alternatives
        
         | Taikonerd wrote:
         | I think the main take-away from that link is "either option is
         | much better than QWERTY." So, if you're trying to decide
         | between Colemak and Dvorak, remember that you're basically
         | guaranteed to win -- either choice is a big improvement!
        
         | pinouchon wrote:
         | I'm using the qgmlwy layout for a few years now, pretty happy
         | with it. I remapped caps & added a new modifier to have a
         | "special chars" layer and it works pretty well. Overall it's
         | more trouble than it's worth, if I had to redo the whole
         | journey, I would simply learn to touch-type with querty (maybe
         | colemak), but I'm still happy with the end result.
        
         | limeblack wrote:
         | If you type alternative languages Dvorak vowel constant
         | alternation makes more sense long term in my experience.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | Colemak has worse hand alternation than Dvorak and Carpalx does
         | not account properly for this.
        
       | adrianN wrote:
       | I use a modified English Dvorak layout where I put symbols that I
       | use often to a nicer position and added Umlauts so that I can
       | type German. For example Alt+j (the key) produces { and Alt+k
       | produces }. Modifying keyboard layouts is simple enough that I
       | don't see why I shouldn't adapt mine to suit me best. I don't
       | type on other people's computers often enough that it matters
       | that I have to hunt and peck there.
        
       | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
       | I have used dvorak for around 15 years now, and I'm very happy
       | with it. Took me 2-3 weeks to type as fast as in QWERTY, and
       | hands feel way more relaxed and easy.
       | 
       | For those who are afraid that it will somehow affect QWERTY
       | typing speed, such fears are totally unfounded, I can type QWERTY
       | as easily as I could before, just with some more strain compared
       | to Dvorak.
       | 
       | That said:
       | 
       | - for developers, the typing speed is not the productivity
       | bottleneck, so you are unlikely to see any real gains
       | 
       | - hotkeys are generally a MESS, especially if you use 2 languages
       | on a system. More so on Windows. Less so on Ubuntu.
        
         | mbauman wrote:
         | I tried Dvorak for a year and hotkeys are what made me go back.
         | 
         | Hotkeys are this bizarre mix of positional _and_ semantic
         | locations. That is, some are the keys they are because of where
         | the keys are placed (most notably z-x-c-v but also j-k-l-o and
         | many others in various apps), while others are what they are
         | because of their mnemonics. Neither preserving Qwerty locations
         | for them nor using Dvorak everywhere is right.
        
         | dylanz wrote:
         | I'm at about 15 years with Dvorak as well. It completely healed
         | my RSI issues which were getting quite bad. Learning it was a
         | mental challenge and re-learning Vim wasn't really fun.
         | 
         | I could type around 90 WPM in QWERTY and now I hunt and pick at
         | it. I'm at that speed in Dvorak now so it doesn't really
         | matter. If you play games at all it kind of sucks having to
         | switch back and forth, but that's a small price to pay to not
         | have career ending RSI.
        
           | ajfjrbfbf wrote:
           | Why would you have to relearn Vim? Just remap all the key
           | where they used to be.
        
             | function_seven wrote:
             | Wouldn't it still be difficult? The HJKL row makes sense to
             | remap to DHTN. But other commands are mnemonic and would
             | make more sense to follow the key to its new location.
             | 
             | So you have collisions. ("Does Y mean "yank"? Or does it
             | now mean "to"? Well "to" can't be T anymore, because that's
             | now the motion up command.")
             | 
             | So you have to either remap everything back to qwerty
             | positions, and learn the new mnemonics, or keep the letter
             | associations the same, and give up on the clustered motion
             | commands.
             | 
             | I'm thinking it's probably better to do the latter, but I'd
             | love to hear from vimmers that use non-qwerty layouts.
        
               | ezrast wrote:
               | I'm not a power vim user but sticking to the default
               | keybinds on Dvorak isn't so bad. JK are still right next
               | to each other, and HL are on the right index and pinky,
               | respectively, so the basic spatial relationships between
               | the keys are somewhat preserved.
               | 
               | I find that remapping shortcuts is generally not worth
               | it. Yeah, undo/cut/copy/paste are weird and that sucks,
               | but it's better than fighting every application you ever
               | use, on every machine, including machines you SSH into,
               | until you die.
               | 
               | For gaming, on the other hand, mixed up keybinds are
               | intolerable. I just switch back to QWERTY for that.
        
               | 1MachineElf wrote:
               | I type Dvorak and simply use the default Vim key
               | bindings. Vim defaults are weird with Dvorak, but
               | significantly more intuitive than what the situation is
               | with Colemak. Here's the Vim and Dvorak inspired custom
               | keymap I use on my programmable keyboard: https://github.
               | com/1MachineElf/qmk_firmware/tree/_sb4dv/keyb...
        
               | nuclear_eclipse wrote:
               | I've been on Dvorak full-time since 2008, and even though
               | I generally don't use vim itself for programming, I do
               | still use vim-mode in my editors and IDE. But I gave up
               | on using hjkl long before switching to Dvorak, and I've
               | always just either used motions like w/b/f/t/n/etc, or
               | moved to the arrow keys for shorter motions. This also
               | lets me share more of the muscle memory for movements
               | when I'm typing into standard text boxes like this.
        
               | function_seven wrote:
               | Kind of ironic. I'm on a 75-key keyboard, with no arrow
               | keys. Instead, they're mapped to a layer under
               | (drumroll...) HJKL.
               | 
               | So even if I ever did make the jump to Colemack or
               | Dvorak, I'd probably keep those mappings to the same
               | physical keys. Working in vim, I'd just use my "arrow"
               | keys rather than the native motion keymappings.
               | 
               | I also try to avoid using them in the first place
               | (instead using w/b/f/t/n/etc), but sometimes it's faster
               | to just tap the key a few times rather than "formulate a
               | plan" to reach my target
        
               | nojster wrote:
               | What kind of build is 75 keys without arrows?
               | 
               | A 60% (no arrow keys) has 61 keys (ANSI) and the next
               | "bigger" one, a 65% has 67 keys and usually already arrow
               | keys.
               | 
               | Is it some non-standard ergo mech build?
        
               | function_seven wrote:
               | > _Is it some non-standard ergo mech build?_
               | 
               | Basically this. Not really ergo, other than being
               | ortholinear and having space between the resting
               | positions of my hands.
               | 
               | Here's a photo: https://imgur.com/0UBSi74
        
             | Faaak wrote:
             | That a bad idea because when you are on a foreign server
             | then you'll be quite lost
        
         | KajMagnus wrote:
         | > _For those who are afraid that it will somehow affect QWERTY
         | typing speed, such fears are totally unfounded_
         | 
         | What! :- ) Well founded fears, I'd say: I've been typing in
         | Colemak for 10+ years and if I switch to QWERTY I'm
         | significantly slower than before I started using Colemak. --
         | But I'm still glad I made the switch.
         | 
         | > _the typing speed is not the productivity bottleneck_
         | 
         | Yes agreed. I'd only recommend a software person to switch, if
         | they think the learning process seems fun. But maybe if one
         | writes novels, it's nice to type faster? Or someone who writes
         | a lot here at HN :- )
         | 
         | > _hotkeys are generally a MESS_
         | 
         | Colemak: Hotkeys = fine :- )
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | _> What! :- ) Well founded fears, I 'd say: I've been typing
           | in Colemak for 10+ years and if I switch to QWERTY I'm
           | significantly slower than before I started using Colemak._
           | 
           | I'm not a Colemak user, but from my experiences with Dvorak,
           | I have a theory on why this happens. _Precisely because it
           | shares many keys with QWERTY!_
           | 
           | Explanation: when I type in Dvorak or QWERTY, the only
           | hesitation is when I type the first letter of a text I need
           | to type. Then, a muscle memory kicks in and I type without
           | thinking. The only exception: words starting with letter "A".
           | This letter is special, because it is _the only_ key that has
           | the same position in both Dvorak and QWERTY!
           | 
           | So when I type words starting with "A", my muscle memory
           | kicks in not on first typed letter, but on second! With
           | Colemak, I guess this effect might be in full swing for
           | almost every letter you type, and THAT would be a significant
           | problem. So what is sold as being Colemak's advantage is
           | probably a disadvantage if you need to type on different
           | types of keyboards.
        
             | cicko wrote:
             | Then you don't use the letter M? Oh, this reminds me
             | showing Dvorak to a colleague. He asks: "So, where is the
             | letter A?" - "Mmm, right here, where it is in Qwerty." -
             | "OK. And where is, for example, letter M?" - "Mmm, right
             | here, where it is in Qwerty." - "So, what's the point,
             | then?"
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | Hm, you are right! M is too on the same place in both
               | layouts, but I never had a hesitation with it. Maybe it
               | only applied to vowels ..
        
           | linknoid wrote:
           | As a full time developer, I'm sure my typing speed directly
           | affects my productivity (probably between 80-100 wpm in
           | Dvorak). There are a lot of times I'm typing at full speed
           | for hours, aided by code auto-completion and vim macros, and
           | since the program already exists in my head, the limiting
           | factor is how fast I can type it out. Other times not so
           | much, I'm sitting there reading code, or debugging line by
           | line, or whatever. But when I'm ready to code, my typing
           | speed is the single biggest factor of how fast I can get it
           | out.
        
         | spacemanmatt wrote:
         | I've been typing Dvorak since age 17, so... 37 years. Despite
         | breaking my left hand (not while typing) I haven't lost any
         | typing skill/speed that I can tell, and I haven't ever seen a
         | hint of carpal tunnel syndrome.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | Btw there are dvorak layouts for one-handed typing, both for
           | left and right hand. If I ever break my arm so I won't be
           | able to type for some time, I'll definitely try that.
        
         | TimSchumann wrote:
         | Just wanted to chime in. Same experience here. Switched to
         | Dvorak over 20 years ago and I had almost the exact same
         | experience.
         | 
         | It's just like knowing a different language, there's some
         | switch somewhere in my brain I can flip and type in either
         | layout. If I use one for a long period of time, the other one
         | gets slower and less easily recalled, but it takes on the order
         | of minutes to come back to 90% speed.
         | 
         | Agree that the main annoyances are hotkeys and what layer of
         | the software you're mapping things in.
        
         | bemmu wrote:
         | 2-3 weeks!?
         | 
         | I switched to Colemak in September (2020) and have been using
         | it solely ever since. I started at 110 WPM QWERTY and am
         | currently at 85 WPM Colemak.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | Your wpm is high. I'm in the 60s and Colemak actually
           | _improved_ my speed after a few months.
        
           | michaelcampbell wrote:
           | I was at qwerty speed with Dvorak in about 2-3 weeks as well.
           | In the past couple years I tried Colemak, but I could not
           | make the switch for some reason (from qwerty). I don't know
           | why; I can't say it's because of the layout itself; could be
           | that I'm 20+ years older than I was when I did the dvorak
           | switch.
        
         | weavie wrote:
         | As a counterpoint, my ability to type on Qwerty is shot now
         | that I am on Dvorak. I'm back to searching around on the
         | keyboard with my eyes and tapping with single fingers. I feel
         | sure people question my ability to work on computers when I
         | have to go and fix something on their computers and spend ages
         | just typing out basic stuff..
        
           | arafa wrote:
           | Some folks seem to be able to switch and keep their old
           | ability and some can't. I was able to switch back to Qwerty
           | pretty easily, but it made my wrists contort in such odd ways
           | that I never noticed before. So I generally wouldn't go back
           | to it.
        
           | 1MachineElf wrote:
           | It took me two years before I could switch between Dvorak an
           | Qwerty without much difficulty. Four years later, I can now
           | rapidly switch between the two. The only problem is
           | remembering which layout I have turned on, but once that's
           | clear, there's not a problem anymore. I haven't practiced
           | since the first year, but all that time I frequently switch
           | because I work with multiple computers and RDP sessions where
           | the layout doesn't carry over. Touch typing with Dvorak came
           | after learning the muscle memory for typing characters, and
           | afterwards with Qwerty, it was muscle memory for
           | words/phrases that got me typing well again.
        
             | neodymiumphish wrote:
             | I was in this boat as well for quite some time. Early
             | COVID, I bought a programmable (QMK-based) keyboard and
             | hard-coded the keys to match the Dvorak layout, since most
             | of my interactions with PCs was via RDP-like situations
             | (Horizon Web Client, VMs, RDP). This way, I could keep
             | everything configured to QWERTY and just use my keyboard.
             | On my laptop, I have it set up with both layouts, so that
             | if I don't have my QMK keyboard connected (in my lap,
             | travelling, etc), I can just hit Ctrl-Shift and switch the
             | built-in keyboard to Dvorak.
             | 
             | To me, this is the best setup. Only pain point is that it
             | required me to configure the 2 PC games I play to fit with
             | my Dvorak configuration, since the PC sees it as me typing
             | on a QWERTY keyboard with alien hands.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | Maybe you weren't all that good with qwerty before? I always
           | felt it's like learning an extra foreign language: learning
           | French doesn't make your German worse.
        
             | aspaviento wrote:
             | It does actually. The time you spend practising French is
             | time you are neglecting German and hence, your knowledge
             | will decay. If it's not a long time you won't notice it
             | (maybe some very specific words that you rarely use will be
             | forgotten).
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Any long-term migrant learns this over the years, sadly.
               | Obviously you can still use the language, but the
               | farthest borders of language-specific knowledge become
               | frail and tend to fall off the edge of your brain. I now
               | struggle to give "flourish" to my speech in the "old"
               | language, and have to make a conscious effort to remember
               | difficult words.
        
             | laylomo2 wrote:
             | I can type Qwerty, Dvorak, and Colemak all over 100wpm
             | (https://youtube.com/watch?v=mQ6iSYMMHv0). You definitely
             | have to practice all three together if you don't want to
             | lose them.
             | 
             | Also happened with language learning. I speak English and
             | Spanish natively. Learned Italian (very similar to Spanish)
             | in high school. After college learned Chinese in China. One
             | day I ran into an Italian person in China and tried to talk
             | to them in Italian. I kept jumbling Italian and Chinese,
             | even though on paper Italian is so much easier for me than
             | Chinese. It was like my brain only had space for all native
             | languages, and just one foreign language. I'm sure with
             | practice I could speak both Italian and Chinese, but that's
             | the whole point of this comment. It takes practice to
             | maintain them all.
        
               | wussboy wrote:
               | I agree with this. Colemak is a skill. Qwerty is a skill.
               | Switching between the two is a separate skill. But all 3
               | can be learned.
        
             | lmilcin wrote:
             | I think it is exactly the opposite.
             | 
             | If your speed did not fall it means you did not learn well.
             | 
             | I actually learned to type at school (yeah, funny business
             | school my parents sent me to). We had an actual specialist
             | teacher to teach us to type on electric typewriters using
             | pretty nice methodology.
             | 
             | To learn to type well is to train "muscle memory". This
             | means you think the letter and your body does it for you,
             | automatically, without any part of your conscious brain
             | involved.
             | 
             | I don't know where keys are on my keyboard. It is unmarked,
             | so I can't look it up. If somebody asks me, I need to lay
             | my hands on it and think the letter and see which finger
             | "wants to" press the button. In that regard I am a
             | passenger and once I think a word or sentence I don't have
             | any further control -- it is some uncontrollable part of my
             | brain that takes over and does it for me.
             | 
             | Even when typing at speed I am still free to think about
             | anything else. Just as when you walk you don't need to
             | think about walking itself and can concentrate on whatever
             | else you want.
        
             | andrewzah wrote:
             | YMMV but after 3-4 weeks of dvorak, I actually did have
             | difficulties when using qwerty. I gave up dvorak because I
             | don't want to have to modify every keyboard/system I'm on,
             | as opposed to just sitting down at a terminal and getting
             | work done.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | I think you might have tried a bit more. I'm typing this
               | on my wife's qwerty laptop and have zero issues with
               | blind typing on it, just a little more strain from having
               | to move fingers more that it is possible on Dvorak.
        
             | bewuethr wrote:
             | But not using German makes your German worse.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | True. But you can't be isolated from QWERTY in the real
               | world: my wife's computer uses it, as do a lot of
               | computers out there, so I still do get practice with it
               | from time to time.
        
             | mettamage wrote:
             | I've met people who lost their native language for another
             | one (Portuguese --> Italian).
             | 
             | So maybe GP was that good
        
             | weavie wrote:
             | I could touchtype like crazy on qwerty before. It's
             | possible because I learned dvorak when I was older - early
             | 40s - I only have space in my brain for a single layout
             | now..
        
             | ericlevine wrote:
             | I have to agree with the other poster. My typing speed was
             | in the 70+ WPM on qwerty prior to learning dvorak, and now
             | I'm a glorified hunt-and-pecker on qwerty keyboards.
             | 
             | The only exception to this is typing on my mobile device,
             | which is configured to qwerty.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | Really? I always feel like I'm mixing up my 3rd/4th/5th
             | languages.
        
           | SkyPuncher wrote:
           | Colemak all muscle memory for me, so it's nearly impossible
           | for me to remember my Qwerty muscle memory now.
           | 
           | One place that really sticks out is job interviews. Asking
           | your interviewer to change keyboard layouts is a bit
           | intrusive. It's not a huge deal on a Mac, but it's a
           | challenge on Windows since Colemak isn't built in.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | I never had any problem in switching forth-and-back
           | especially because the layout are completely different and
           | this prevents confusion.
           | 
           | Besides, why would you need to use qwerty other than
           | occasionally?
           | 
           | Reminder: sharing keyboard with other people is _really_ bad
           | for hygiene, due to the shape of the keys preventing any deep
           | cleaning.
        
           | pkkim wrote:
           | When I was around 12 I learned Dvorak and lost the ability to
           | touch type in Qwerty, then my parents forced me to go back to
           | Qwerty because I kept leaving the family computers in Dvorak.
           | Because of that I can type in both, though my Dvorak is still
           | faster.
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | Same problem here.
           | 
           | I learned to type on Dvorak 20 years ago and my ability to
           | type on QWERTY still did not recover to even 1/5th of my
           | previous speed.
           | 
           | It is pretty embarrassing sometimes.
           | 
           | On the other hand I use completely unmarked keyboard which
           | coupled with Dvorak makes me largely invulnerable to pranking
           | by coworkers by writing mail in my name (assuming I forget to
           | lock my workstation which happens about twice in a decade).
        
           | kbd wrote:
           | I can still type on QWERTY without looking at keys but my
           | skill definitely took a hit because I never use it. I bet I'd
           | be up to par if I spent a day or two only on QWERTY again.
           | 
           | One time I had an interview where they handed me a Windows
           | laptop on QWERTY to code some problem and I looked like I
           | could barely use a computer :D
        
           | snidane wrote:
           | Same for me. My fingers remember dvorak and can't work with
           | qwerty with just using the fingers' memory.
           | 
           | I use qwerty on mobile just fine. I don't think dvorak on
           | mobile would be of any help since I type with thumbs.
        
         | michaelcampbell wrote:
         | This was my experience, except I couldn't switch between them
         | very well, and my RSI more or less went away so I'm back on
         | qwerty now, with no re-flare-ups.
         | 
         | Emacs with dvorak was... interesting.
        
       | jccalhoun wrote:
       | Do people really type non-stop long enough to make any of the
       | speed gains actually significant? Even when I was writing my
       | dissertation I would rarely type more than a couple sentences at
       | a time and even then I often had to back space because of a typo
       | or something.
       | 
       | If you have some kind of RSI and it helps then it would make
       | sense but at least for me it doesn't make sense for the way I
       | type.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | It's not for speed, it's for comfort/safety. You can type 100
         | WPM with two fingers:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqyiyh_hrUs
         | 
         | This comes up in every HN post.
        
         | valarauko wrote:
         | I had RSI issues crop up when I was writing my PhD thesis - a
         | lot of hurried, last minute typing where typos be damned. I'm
         | also mostly hunt and peck, so touch typing would have probably
         | resolved most of my issues.
        
         | spacemanmatt wrote:
         | > If you have some kind of RSI and it helps then it would make
         | sense
         | 
         | I think it makes way more sense to consider the risk and the
         | odds of getting a RSI from qwerty vs. dvorak and take
         | preventative action. You don't want to suffer a learning curve
         | on the rehab side of an RSI, while also kicking yourself in the
         | posterior for something that was avoidable.
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | I feel like more important and easier measures anyone can
           | take to prevent RSI that doesn't involve learning a new
           | keyboard layout are ergonomic: ensure you have a good
           | chair/posture, use a wrist rest (these are debatable, but I
           | couldn't type without one), and avoid taking your hands off
           | the keyboard (don't use a mouse if possible).
           | 
           | I've been using QWERTY for decades now, and for years have
           | used a ThinkPad keyboard with a TrackPoint instead of a
           | mouse, use a mostly hotkey-driven workflow, and a wrist rest
           | even on a laptop. Anecdotal, but I've rarely experienced
           | strain and can type comfortably for hours.
           | 
           | I know QWERTY is demonstrably worse, but so far I haven't had
           | the need to try another layout. The downsides of losing my
           | current muscle memory, having to remap hotkeys and not being
           | productive on other computers don't seem worth it to me.
        
       | colmanhumphrey wrote:
       | Good to discuss, but I'm not 100% sure about some of the points
       | here.
       | 
       | - The `h` problem is purely about moving your index finger, so I
       | don't think it makes sense to talk about the bigram being
       | popular. The relevant number is just how many `h`s people have to
       | type in general
       | 
       | - Shortcuts staying the same: saying that there exists a variant
       | of Dvorak created to do this too is a huge point in favour of
       | Colemak. The point is so good that people modified a 70 year old
       | layout to match it! How popular is this variant?
       | 
       | - Saying that Colemak is bad because of Vim, then saying it's
       | good because of CapsLock/Backspace BUT that doesn't really count
       | because you can also do this reprogramming with Dvorak: can you
       | not also change Vim? Maybe this is much harder
        
         | samus wrote:
         | Vim is relevant because it is not always possible to customize
         | it. Think of hardened servers or containers. Also, it's an
         | editor of last resort on most Unix systems. It's worth
         | discussing whether nano should take this place instead.
         | 
         | Much more tricky are applications that have hardcoded hotkeys,
         | or who listen to an unholy mix of keys and scancodes. Uncommon
         | nowadays (many games are not great at this), but still sucks if
         | it happens.
        
         | messo wrote:
         | I use the default keymapping for Vim with Colemak (Norwegian)
         | and find it a pleasant experience. The up/down movement is
         | reversed, but I got used to it pretty quickly.
        
       | inter_netuser wrote:
       | Amazingly high prevalence of Colemak in this thread.
       | 
       | I'd expect it to be marginal.
        
       | Taikonerd wrote:
       | I taught myself Colemak last summer, as a pandemic project. If
       | anyone is interested in learning, I recommend the "Tarmak"
       | transitional layouts [1].
       | 
       | It's 5 intermediate layouts to transition from QWERTY to Colemak.
       | Each only changes a few keys. So, rather than 1 big change (where
       | you basically can't touch-type for a month) you have 5 little
       | changes that you can learn over a weekend each.
       | 
       | [1] https://forum.colemak.com/topic/1858-learn-colemak-in-
       | steps-...
        
         | helianer wrote:
         | Tarmak is what finally allowed me to switch away from QWERTY.
         | Prior to tarmak I couldn't deal with the massive productivity
         | loss that I would initially encounter with Dvorak and I would
         | eventually switch back.
         | 
         | The fact that initially steps are the highest impact really
         | helps too.
        
       | poidos wrote:
       | [I don't use either layout and don't have much wrist strain / any
       | RSI]
       | 
       | I wonder how much of the benefit from using these alternate
       | layouts is due solely to the layout, as opposed to some
       | combination of the layout and better awareness of correct
       | ergonomics, using stretching and warmup techniques, etc.
       | 
       | Hard to quantify of course. Would love to hear from anyone that
       | switched to one of these layouts but didn't make any other
       | changes in their wrist health otherwise.
        
         | hawthornio wrote:
         | Purely anecdotal, but I switched to Dvorak for ~6 months in
         | middle school and much preferred it to Qwerty. Now that I've
         | spent more years having Qwerty drilled into my brain I'm
         | hesitant to make a switch.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | I switched to Dvorak after some 12 years of Qwerty. It took
           | ages and was still 100% worth it.
        
         | rgoulter wrote:
         | Learned Dvorak when I was in university; reverted to qwerty
         | sometime after that for some reason. I think because the
         | typematrix I was using broke.
         | 
         | Picked Dvorak up again about a year ago after getting one of
         | those fancy ortholinear keyboards.
         | 
         | My qwerty was a quick 'undisciplined' hunt-and-peck. (e.g.
         | typing the 'y' in 'your' with the left hand finger). Dvorak was
         | trained with the 'discipline' of each finger being assigned to
         | a column.
         | 
         | Qwerty feels somewhat disorganised and chaotic compared do
         | Dvorak (even on the same keyboard). Dvorak feels more
         | comfortable.
        
         | jeromenerf wrote:
         | I would like data on this too.
         | 
         | I use Dvorak on keyboards and QWERTY on touch screens.
         | 
         | I find QWERTY difficult to touch for all the obvious reasons
         | but actually pretty good for 2 to 4 fingers typing on a iPhone
         | / iPad. I have seen people typing faster than I do with only 4
         | fingers and their thumbs, usually with a machine gun style.
         | 
         | Dvorak is (great for | forcing you into) touch typing, except
         | that right pinky overuse. It feels good but you don't really
         | have a choice.
         | 
         | My wife doesn't touch type and is bent over the keyboard,
         | looking down at the keys. Dvorak would not help her until she
         | relaxes down on her chair, and type with more fingers and
         | without looking.
        
       | toyg wrote:
       | The point about programming languages is fairly irrelevant; the
       | truth is that basically all layouts are bad for programmers,
       | since they inevitably put special characters at the margins,
       | which are hard to reach. I have a short pinkie so it's extra hard
       | for me.
       | 
       | The answer is to use a meta key to add a layer dedicated to those
       | - CapsLock is great for that. I did that last year [0], although
       | I now wish I had that meta-key available on the right side too (I
       | don't want to mess with the traditional Ctrl and Alt, too many
       | programs have shortcuts hard-bound to those). With that extra
       | layer, you can go to town and use the home row for the stuff you
       | really need in your preferred language(s).
       | 
       | As for simple text layouts, I never warmed to Dvorak but picked
       | up Colemak very quickly, and now I just can't look back.
       | 
       | [0] http://blog.pythonaro.com/2020/06/better-access-to-
       | special-c...
        
         | Syzygies wrote:
         | Yes. The rabbit hole that took for me was writing my own
         | firmware using QMK. Make every key close to home row a tap/hold
         | key accessing either modifier keys or extra layers. My fingers
         | finally travel much less (the apparent promise of
         | Dvorak/Colemak) but for the actual work of programming and
         | operating a computuer.
         | 
         | https://github.com/Syzygies/log_folders/blob/master/keyboard...
        
           | enragedcacti wrote:
           | yup!
           | 
           | A really affordable entry into this that I've found is
           | Epomaker keyboards. I struggled to find the exact layout I
           | wanted in an affordable QMK keyboard. Their software sucks
           | but it works and profiles are stored to the keyboard so it
           | can come with you wherever. They also have split space-bar
           | and 3 space-bar options which is really nice for adding
           | modifier keys beyond Caps-lock or rebinding backspace or
           | escape into a more comfortable position.
           | 
           | I realize this is starting to sound like an ad, but my
           | biggest challenge getting into fully reprogrammable keyboards
           | was the huge price tag once you start narrowing features. In
           | my case, a 60% keyboard that retained arrow keys would have
           | been $200+ for a QMK supported model. The Epomaker I picked
           | up was $65 or so.
        
         | samus wrote:
         | The Neo2 and Bone layouts [1] are very interesting for
         | programmers that have organized special characters as you
         | described. There, Caps Lock and the # key are used for
         | switching layers. Another layer includes arrow keys and number
         | keys and almost eliminate the need to ever take your hands off
         | the home row.
         | 
         | The best part is that most Linux distros already include it!
         | Yes, it's intended to type German, but it should work for
         | English as well since these languages are so similar. Also, it
         | has many dead keys that should help composing accented
         | characters.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.neo-layout.org/
        
       | kbrwn wrote:
       | Colemak user since I taught myself one summer (2012) by spending
       | the first 20 minutes after waking up typing in vim-tutor. I made
       | the switch because I could not stop looking at the keys on QWERTY
       | keyboards no matter what I tried even with blank keys I would
       | look down out of habit. I tried Dvorak and it felt so unnatural.
       | The common key letters for commands were completely in foreign
       | places that I could not get used to at all. After 2 wks of barely
       | getting past 30 wpm on Dvorak I switched to colemak I was able to
       | beat my QWERTY typing speed after only 2 wks of studying and now
       | I can type 200+ words per minutes with over 90% accuracy thinking
       | about spelling slows be down more than anything else.
       | 
       | If you are under 30 I suggest you give an alt keyboard layout a
       | shot. Older than that and the time to learn Colemak/Dvorak vs
       | just improving your QWERTY speed/accuracy might not be worth it.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | If you type at 90% accuracy, do you go back through your text
         | to fix all the typos or do rely on some kind of automation to
         | do that for you? I don't type particularly fast, but every time
         | I tried increasing my speed my accuracy suffers sufficiently
         | that going back and correcting mistakes takes more time than
         | typing a bit slower.
        
         | melling wrote:
         | "I switched to colemak I was able to beat my QWERTY typing
         | speed after only 2 wks of studying and now I can type 200+
         | words per minutes"
         | 
         | If it only takes a few weeks then wouldn't people of almost any
         | age benefit if they type 4-5 hours a day?
        
       | spiznnx wrote:
       | I've been using Colemak for 6 years now. Although not faster,
       | it's much more comfortable, especially in the wrists. Along with
       | frequently switching between mousing, a tented+split keyboard,
       | and remapping programming punctuation on a third layer with QMK,
       | I'm very glad I made the investment to reduce the chance of
       | developing an RSI.
        
       | gedy wrote:
       | I use Colemak and agree with the bias towards rolling on single
       | hand (Colemak) vs alternating hands (Dvorak). Rolling doesn't
       | feel natural to me.
       | 
       | However, Colemak was much easier for me to learn though (I tried
       | Dvorak first), and the ZXVC in same spot without tweaking
       | shortcuts is a plus.
        
       | creese wrote:
       | Dvorak is suboptimal for the command-line. Try typing 'ls -l'.
        
         | notretarded wrote:
         | ll
        
       | mumblemumble wrote:
       | So, for RSI, I have an alternative hypothesis. My issues are only
       | with my right hand. I'm pretty sure the problem is not QWERTY,
       | it's just the ]'/ keys. Having that one extra column of keys to
       | reach across in order to get to the enter and shift keys means my
       | right hand experiences a lot more wrist movement and stretching
       | than my left hand does.
       | 
       | (I find hitting the enter key on an ANSI keyboard to be
       | irritating enough that I'm frankly impressed that anyone
       | tolerates ISO keyboards.)
       | 
       | I'm currently giving an ultra-minimalist keyboard, the Atreus, a
       | shot. I'm still in the adjustment period, but it seems to be
       | promising, and a much smaller adjustment than abandoning QWERTY
       | entirely. Bonus points for not being the size of an aircraft
       | carrier, like most ergo keyboards are.
        
         | CarVac wrote:
         | Extra small boards, I contend, do not help for QWERTY because
         | the layout inherently makes you reach all the time.
         | 
         | I use a 46-key Mitosis (non-split custom version) with Dvorak
         | and greatly enjoy how little I need to reach with my fingers.
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | It might depend on the specific problem a person has. I've
           | never had discomfort with the actual letter keys on QWERTY,
           | and definitely don't feel like I'm having to "reach" to get
           | them. Where, to me, "reach" implies anything that's outside
           | the comfortable range of motion.
           | 
           | For example, on a standard QWERTY keyboard, I find the number
           | keys, the Y key, and the brackets to be a reach. Dvorak
           | actually makes that situation a bit worse for me. It moves a
           | somewhat more frequent letter, F, into the Y key's position,
           | and it moves the brackets further away in order to put keys
           | that I use less often in a more accessible position.
           | 
           | But that's me. I'd guess that this sort of thing varies a lot
           | from person to person, because we all have different hands.
        
           | spacemanmatt wrote:
           | I get great mileage out of the Apple keyboard+number pad. Low
           | profile, short, low-resistance key travel, great key
           | density/spacing for my hands at least. It's a lot to like for
           | a low-impact typist.
        
         | toyg wrote:
         | If it's only a physical thing for you, you might give the
         | orthogonals a try.
         | 
         | That's where I want to "go next", but I've not yet seen
         | anything on the market equivalent to the average Kinesis
         | (solid, programmable, not horribly expensive, not requiring
         | soldering).
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | The Keyboardio version of the Atreus is somewhat along those
           | lines. It's very minimalist (44 keys, which is two more than
           | the kit version), but it's well built, has staggered columnar
           | key layout, and is very programmable.
           | 
           | The Mitosis that CarVac mentioned is another interesting
           | option along similar lines, though I can't personally vouch
           | for it.
        
         | tome wrote:
         | I use Dvorak but I also bind CAPS to be a second ENTER exactly
         | because of this problem.
        
         | ericbarrett wrote:
         | Is that your mousing hand? I had a similar problem, and
         | swapping my mouse/trackpad for a trackball helped immensely.
        
       | emodendroket wrote:
       | My suspicion is that whatever efficiency gains are possible are
       | going to be wiped out by the difficulty of learning a new system
       | and then also not being able to readily have your preferred
       | layout everywhere.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | I only have 1 data point but it took me about 2-3 weeks to
         | touch type with Dvorak and I found friends who learned QWERTY
         | took much longer, as much as half a year.
         | 
         | I also was learning piano so that may have been a factor.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | It took me a long time to gain speed on Dvorak and I'm not much
         | faster than on Qwerty but the amount of effort required to type
         | is significantly less - absolutely worth it.
        
         | arafa wrote:
         | I don't find myself to be any faster in Dvorak (70 wpm, like
         | before) and from other users and people online, that seems to
         | be typical. There are some possible gains at the high end,
         | since from what I read most of the confirmed world record
         | holders for typing speed use alternate layouts (for example,
         | https://www.typing.com/blog/fastest-typists/).
        
         | 1123581321 wrote:
         | Expect to take a few months to get back up to your old speed,
         | perhaps a year to surpass it (not everyone does.) Whether this
         | is a good investment depends on your age, if you have or will
         | likely develop pain from typing QWERTY, and whether you're able
         | to learn an alternative layout during a time when quick typing
         | isn't as essential. If you need to regularly use other people's
         | computers, you'll retain your ability to type in both layouts.
        
         | samus wrote:
         | If you don't touch type, or if you already type at a fairly
         | high WPM rate, then no, an optimized layout doesn't really
         | matter.
         | 
         | Personally, I have been learning to touch type and used the
         | opportunity to use an optimized layout. I have recovered almost
         | all the speed of non-blind Qwerty within a month and plan to
         | stay.
         | 
         | Not being able to use it everywhere is not a drawback to me.
         | For those rare events where I cannot use it, I still have more
         | than enough muscle memory for Qwerty.
        
         | tome wrote:
         | For me the efficiency gains were not the point. The point was
         | that changing to Dvorak massively decreased by RSI (although 20
         | years later I'm discovering that bodyweight strength training
         | may have been even more effective).
         | 
         | Not readily having the preferred layout available is a non-
         | issue. Either I'm using a keyboard for less than ten minutes,
         | in which case I hunt-and-peck on QWERTY, or I'm using it for
         | longer, in which case I switch to Dvorak using the OS keyboard
         | settings. It's never been a problem on Windows or Linux. I
         | don't think I've used a Mac during that period but I imagine
         | it's equally easy.
         | 
         | As I recall the awkward learning period was between a week and
         | a month. Twenty years later I've never regretted the time
         | invested.
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | I've found strength training far more effective for that than
           | all the equipment money can buy, and I tried quite a bit of
           | it.
        
       | 1123581321 wrote:
       | Interesting data. I'll just mention that if you are looking at
       | changing layouts and are concerned about cut, copy, paste and
       | undo, don't be. Within a year it won't bother you to be typing X,
       | C and V with different fingers.
        
         | danpalmer wrote:
         | Agreed, mostly.
         | 
         | I used the Dvorak-Command-QWERTY layout on macOS for a long
         | time, it's Dvorak but flips back to QWERTY when you hold
         | Command so that most shortcuts are in the same physical
         | position.
         | 
         | After getting a programmable split keyboard it became too much
         | work to get a similar thing to work so I decided to switch
         | shortcuts to where they should be.
         | 
         | It's been... ok. The positions of shortcuts definitely encode
         | something that you lose, copy/paste not being next to each
         | other is slightly annoying, and not to mention that some
         | shortcuts move in such a way that the failure mode of getting
         | the shortcut wrong is really bad (e.g. Cmd+, for preferences,
         | get it wrong and you Cmd+W which closes the active window).
         | 
         | I'm glad I've switched, but I'm also glad that I didn't switch
         | my shortcuts at the same time that I switched to Dvorak, I
         | think it could have been enough to put me off. Or I guess it
         | might have been easier to do it all at once!
         | 
         | One thing that is annoying with the hybrid approach is some
         | software just doesn't support it (I'm looking at you JetBrains,
         | with your 10 year old issue on your issue tracker).
        
           | samus wrote:
           | The AutoHotkey Script I use on Windows works very well in
           | almost all applications. But in IntelliJ on Windows (not in
           | Linux) it happens multiple times per hour that Shift, Ctrl or
           | Alt locks get engaged (which I didn't know even existed) or
           | that the Script reverts to Qwerty without warning. Restarting
           | the script helps, but it's so annoying that I consider
           | running IntelliJ with an external JRE.
        
             | samus wrote:
             | Result: running IntelliJ with an external JDK didn't help
             | :/
        
       | melling wrote:
       | Xah first wrote this over a decade ago.
       | 
       | He's had some RSI issues, and the real problem is simply typing
       | in any form.
       | 
       | I remember reading several of his articles thinking that surely
       | within a decade, we'd have better voice assist for programming.
       | 
       | Tavis Rudd's demo looked promising in 2013:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/8SkdfdXWYaI
       | 
       | I'm not sure what's the best solution. Here are a few that I
       | known of:
       | 
       | https://serenade.ai/
       | 
       | https://talonvoice.com/
       | 
       | https://voxhub.io/silvius
        
       | jeromenerf wrote:
       | I use Dvorak on keyboards and qwerty on touch screens. I am
       | pretty happy with both, but it doesn't matter a lot regarding my
       | eventual wrist or tendinitis pain.
       | 
       | What's is important for me is drinking water sufficiently,
       | regular exercise, a good posture, a good keyboard then finally
       | the layout.
       | 
       | I picked up Dvorak for no real reason 10 years ago; I kept up
       | with it but would not really recommend it, specially because of
       | its intense reliance on the right pinky.
       | 
       | I don't know much about Colemak.
        
       | arafa wrote:
       | Seems like a pretty good analysis. I've been using Dvorak for 20+
       | years also. The keyboard shortcuts thing is annoying, though I
       | hadn't heard about the wrist strain they cause. I didn't see this
       | discussed, but I actually find the fact that Colemak shares more
       | keys with QWERTY to be a problem for learning if you already know
       | QWERTY (even though that might be the biggest strength). Dvorak
       | only shares the "A" and "M" with QWERTY, but typing those letters
       | always confused my brain the most when learning, and sometimes
       | I'd fall right back into QWERTY in a really frustrating way.
       | 
       | I switched to Dvorak because of wrist strain/RSI issues. I was in
       | pretty serious wrist pain and now I rarely have any. It probably
       | wouldn't have been worth it otherwise, but that was a huge
       | benefit to me. I'm not sure if other things would've helped since
       | I didn't try a lot of other approaches first.
        
         | toyg wrote:
         | _> I switched to Dvorak because of wrist strain /RSI issues._
         | 
         | I did the same with Colemak, and had the same effect. I think
         | the main thing really is just to _not use qwerty_ - that layout
         | is just extrarodinarily unergonomic.
         | 
         | It probably also helped that, around the same time I switched
         | to Colemak, I took an interest in overall keyboard ergonomics,
         | and invested in a split keyboard.
        
       | odiroot wrote:
       | I'm a happy user of Colemak for over a year. Although it took me
       | a few months to get used to it.
       | 
       | One disadvantage though is, now I have trouble typing on QWERTY.
        
       | aendruk wrote:
       | I've been happily using Colemak for 10+ years but recently
       | decided to give Halmak [1] a try. Only a month in so I'm still
       | slow, but it feels really good.
       | 
       | For programming, though, the best decision I've made was to add a
       | numpad and common symbols [2] under a second "shift" key to keep
       | my hands on the home row.
       | 
       | [1]: https://github.com/MadRabbit/halmak
       | 
       | [2]: https://andrew.kvalhe.im/+qit9y6o8uodxpiqezpxcaw7css6gtfkp
        
       | valarauko wrote:
       | Does anybody have recommendations for a layout that works well
       | for a split keyboard (Moonlander, in my case, as and when it
       | arrives)? Learning a split configuration will require work, so
       | may as well learn a better layout at the same time.
        
         | rgoulter wrote:
         | In terms of layering and fancy keyboard behaviours? The miryoku
         | layout has a lot of very good ideas that are worth copying.
         | https://github.com/manna-harbour/miryoku/blob/master/README....
        
         | jagger27 wrote:
         | I'm currently typing this from a split QWERTY keyboard (KBDFans
         | Maja). As someone who has tried and failed to switch to both
         | Colemak and Dvorak over the years, learning to type on split is
         | much, much easier. You'll smack your fingers into the gap where
         | T/Y, G/H (assuming QWERTY) should be a few times and get used
         | to it really quick.
        
         | bambambazooka wrote:
         | I've been using Colemak on a Ergodox since September of last
         | year and am very happy with it. I too switched to Colemak when
         | I started using my Ergodox. The first weeks my head hurt, but
         | now I'm fine.
        
         | michelledepeil wrote:
         | I tried dvorak on the moonlander (and have typed dvorak for a
         | looong time before that on regular keebs), but ended up going
         | back to qwerty, and using a layer for the punctuation
         | surrounding the letters. This way you make the most use of the
         | linear layout in the up-down direction, but avoid too much
         | sideways movement and pinky stretching. Check it out here:
         | https://configure.zsa.io/moonlander/layouts/MJXZ4/latest/0
         | 
         | You might move the punctuation even more central to really keep
         | it 4-columned.
        
         | CarVac wrote:
         | I use dvorak on an ergo board.
        
         | lycopodiopsida wrote:
         | Every layout is fine for a split - even QWERTY, as bad, as it
         | is. Just don't switch to a new keyboard and new layout
         | simultaneously. I've done it for Kinesis and Colemak - it is
         | hard. You can't reliably hit a key on the new keyboard, because
         | of the lack of staggering, new thumb cluster and different
         | distance between keys. But when you hit one, it is a wrong one,
         | because Colemak.
         | 
         | In general, however, it is not a problem. Just remember, that
         | adjusting yourself to a new keyboard is similar to learning
         | layout and takes some time. If it is your first ortholinear
         | split with a thumb cluster give yourself a week or two and then
         | switch to other layout.
        
           | valarauko wrote:
           | > _Just don 't switch to a new keyboard and new layout
           | simultaneously_
           | 
           | Why is that? Is it the productivity hit? Frustration?
           | 
           | At least for me, this will be at home personal keyboard, and
           | I'll continue to use the work QWERTY keyboard for the
           | foreseeable future. I might switch the work keyboard once I'm
           | comfortable, but it's not a priority right now.
        
             | lycopodiopsida wrote:
             | Productivity hit and frustration, I would say. Motor
             | learning is hard, since it takes a lot of repetitions.
             | Motor re-learning is arguably much harder, since you have
             | an interference of learned and new patterns. Keyboard
             | familiarity is also heavily depending on motor learning -
             | distance between keys, their position, height and so on. So
             | you just have more to learn at the same time.
             | 
             | I also have another warning, based on my experience: it is
             | for many people difficult to keep proficiency in QWERTY
             | after they completely switch to Colemak or Dvorak. It is
             | hard to describe: like you've been touch-typing on QWERTY
             | for 18 years, and you know where the keys are, because if
             | you look down, you immediately find them... but something
             | is blocking you from finding them while typing. If you
             | switch completely at work, find a week or two without much
             | stress. New layout can be infuriating enough :)
        
         | cvdub wrote:
         | I use colemak on the Kinesis Advantage II and I love it.
         | 
         | Keeping the C-c/x/v keys the same is great on a split layout,
         | assuming you're right handed. I avoid using the mouse as much
         | as possible, but when I do use it there's a good chance I'm
         | copying or pasting something. With Dvorak you can't use those
         | keys with your hand on the mouse.
        
         | Cu3PO42 wrote:
         | I use Neo2 [1] on a Moonlander. I find it works really well.
         | Neo2's distinguishing feature is that there are built-in layers
         | that contain special characters, such as those used for
         | programming, control characters, including a numpad, Pos1/End,
         | ... and also many mathematical symbols for significantly faster
         | TeXing.
         | 
         | What makes it such a good fit, in my opinion, is that the
         | modifiers can be placed on the thumb clusters, and even layers
         | 5 and 6 that otherwise require a combination of modifiers can
         | have their own keys. On the other hand, having all control
         | characters already mapped means you needn't find a good
         | location for them anywhere. I still have 5 keys unmapped.
         | 
         | That said, getting used to the Moonlander took almost no effort
         | at all for me, I was back up to speed in a few days.
         | 
         | [1] https://neo-layout.org/
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | Every layout works for a split layout just as well as for a
         | normal layout. You're not supposed to move your hands around
         | either way.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | This is the right answer. With proper touchtyping technique,
           | the split does not matter.
           | 
           | I use Colemak with my Kinesis split keyboards but that's
           | irrelevant.
        
           | valarauko wrote:
           | I'm sure that's true, though as a person who currently hunts
           | & pecks, even touch typing would be an upgrade. I'm trying to
           | roll all of the improvements to my typing behaviour into a
           | single month of hell :)
        
       | marshallward wrote:
       | It would have helped if they compared Dvorak to Colemak mod dh
       | variant. It addresses many of the issues raised here by moving D
       | below T and H below N, and moving the more rare K and G as left-
       | right motions.
        
       | messo wrote:
       | As long as you do not use QWERTY, you'll be fine :)
       | 
       | I have used Colemak for the last 12 years and have never looked
       | back. I started learning Dvorak, but at the time I was using the
       | ctrl+Z/C/V quite much and Colemak became my compromise. Now that
       | I use Vim, the argument about the Z/C/V is not as important
       | anymore. EDIT: Oh, I also used the Q/W (quit, close window) quite
       | much back then because I was using a mac. Still use these in Sway
       | to this day.
       | 
       | I also really like that there is a Norwegian Colemak-layout
       | available in Linux by default. Not sure if this is the case in
       | Windows or macOS these days, but it wasn't 12 years ago.
        
       | sourcevault wrote:
       | meh, kids use Colemak / Dvorak, it's time to upgrade.
       | 
       | My current 'superior' keyboard layout :
       | 
       | https://sourcevault.github.io/resume/key10.png
        
       | opan wrote:
       | I used dvorak for about a year and a half. I had a lot of fun,
       | but my old left hand pain (qwerty) became right hand pain, and
       | the right hand pain was worse. I got a split keyboard, and that
       | alone didn't seem to help.
       | 
       | Now I'm a couple months into using workman, which notably has a
       | very balanced hand usage. About 50/50, unlike qwerty which is
       | mostly left, or dvorak which is mostly right. IIRC colemak and
       | qgmlwb are similarly unbalanced, as it's not a goal of theirs to
       | fix that.
       | 
       | My best speed in qwerty was about 160, I got to the 140s in
       | dvorak, and I'm 100-110 in workman at the moment.
       | 
       | I'm not sure if I'll switch again. The balanced hand usage is a
       | rare trait. If not for that issue, I was thinking of trying the
       | halmak layout.
       | 
       | I'm a little sad that workman is qwerty-like since I'd already
       | bothered to unlearn that with dvorak, and so I had no qualms
       | about most keys being different. I actually get some weird typos
       | now, like typing "sad" instead of "saw" because of similar
       | placement to qwerty on the left.
       | 
       | I also change the layout on my phone with anysoftkeyboard. I've
       | had at least 3 people tell me it's pointless on a touchscreen,
       | but I like the consistency, and the layouts were already made and
       | easy to switch to.
       | 
       | If you use colemak, I hear the mod-dh variant is better, but
       | workman solves the same problem, so I'd recommend just using it
       | if you aren't already years into colemak.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | I can't get pass breaking keyboard shortcuts with new keyboards.
       | If only there was a way to revert to QWERTY when ctrl alt win
       | were pressed
        
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       (page generated 2021-04-13 23:02 UTC)