[HN Gopher] Inside PayPal (2010)
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       Inside PayPal (2010)
        
       Author : prakhargurunani
       Score  : 171 points
       Date   : 2021-04-13 07:08 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (paulgraham.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (paulgraham.com)
        
       | ArtWomb wrote:
       | PayPal's Technical FAQ from Oct '99 (cobbled in response to a
       | Slashdot post haha) demonstrates how ahead of the game they were:
       | use of ECC (with tech advice from Stanford's Dan Boneh & Martin
       | Hellman), privacy policy that prohibited sale of user data to 3rd
       | party advertisers, generating cash via "the float" in a Merrill
       | Lynch Money Market Fund, etc.
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/19991012084438/http://paypal.com...
       | 
       | But I think it's probably the "synergy" with eBay that was the
       | biggest surprise. I recall having a neighbor at that time who
       | sold old movie posters. Rather than driving around the country to
       | comic book conventions, he was able to do more in one month in
       | online auctions than the past decades he had been collecting.
       | That was the great awakening. PayPal went from "college kids
       | requesting cash from parents" to trading rare sports memorabilia
       | with instant clearing by March 2000.
       | 
       | >>> If you needed to integrate with an outside vendor, you picked
       | up the phone yourself and called; you didn't wait for a BD person
       | to become available. You did (the first version of) mockups and
       | wireframes yourself; you didn't wait for a designer to become
       | available. You wrote (the first draft of) site copy yourself; you
       | didn't wait for a content writer.
       | 
       | "You must unlearn what you have learned" ;)
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | > Rather than driving around the country to comic book
         | conventions, he was able to do more in one month in online
         | auctions than the past decades he had been collecting.
         | 
         | I personally try not to collect things, but for those who do, I
         | wonder if this ruined the hobby because of instant
         | gratification.
        
           | 101008 wrote:
           | I do collect books. No, it didn't ruin the hobby and most
           | collectors would agree. eBay allow me to search for books
           | without having to travel to different countries, or whatever.
           | I can buy books what it wouldn't be possible without eBay.
           | 
           | For people who doesn't collect, may look like that, because
           | they may think that going into eBay could ruin the fun,
           | because everything is easy to get now. It isn't. You need to
           | learn tricks and also, how to win over other collectors who
           | may see the same item that you did.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | As a former collector, I can only disagree. The hunt was
             | interesting, but looking at a computer and spending money
             | just doesn't do it for me. At the same time it made the fun
             | parts of the hobby feel pointless which just killed all the
             | joy.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | I would assume it replaced it with the anticipation as the
           | item makes its way to you?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | The synergy with Ebay was definitely what drove the business.
         | What's interesting is they we positioned to _be_ Venmo, but
         | dropped the ball and had to buy them. I suspect that failure
         | was part of the motivation behind the Paypal /Ebay split, but
         | looking at Ebay's current strategy, the synergy was still
         | there, so maybe they threw the baby out with the bathwater.
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | From the FAQ: "What happens when you break your Palm(tm)
         | organizer or 'accidentally' do a hard reset? Do you lose all
         | your money?"
         | 
         | Now in the age of bitcoin this could have a very different
         | answer. In any case, the FAQ is very interesting.
        
         | ericcholis wrote:
         | And now, eBay is moving to accept more payments outside of
         | PayPal.
        
       | apples_oranges wrote:
       | Sounds like a great place to work. I wonder about the "young
       | people with extraordinary ability" however. Surely they would
       | have also succeeded with "older people with extraordinary
       | ability"? (ok they probably would cost them more..)
        
         | itomato wrote:
         | The opportunity is the paydirt.
         | 
         | The experienced oldsters make up the sluice.
         | 
         | The youngsters represent the water.
         | 
         | Nobody worries much about the spillage if there's gold in the
         | pan.
        
           | fizwhiz wrote:
           | what
        
         | Croftengea wrote:
         | I wouldn't want to work at a company with controversial
         | business practices and "screw you we do what we want" attitude
         | towards their customers, no matter what a great environment is
         | inside.
        
           | apples_oranges wrote:
           | Depends on what you want of course, but I want to extract
           | peak performance from myself that's why it sounds good to me.
           | (I do not however like working overtime.)
        
           | redis_mlc wrote:
           | > controversial business practices and "screw you we do what
           | we want" attitude
           | 
           | Well, here we are. Paypal is a bank in Europe, but not in the
           | USA.
        
         | lmm wrote:
         | I suspect that only young people can be that ruthlessly data-
         | driven. Us older people tend to have experience that we're
         | attached to, and a certain psychological resistance to the idea
         | that the stuff we've been doing for most of our career was
         | actually a waste of time.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | I would say it depends on the person. I personally assume
           | that how I did things in the past is no longer the state of
           | the art and I always look towards younger engineers or
           | outside resources to figure out the new best way, informing
           | my decision based on mistakes of the past.
           | 
           | And if the data says I'm wrong, I trust it. I have no belief
           | that I've already found the best solution.
        
             | bitexploder wrote:
             | I don't see how you can be a technologist in the long run
             | without this attitude. Maybe this is the no true Scotsman
             | fallacy, but one of the key aspects of technology is it
             | will change right underneath you often. (Except SQL
             | injection, apparently, the team keeps finding it at an
             | alarming rate in modern apps).
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | It really depends on the person. I am in my late 30s and
           | experience has taught me that there is a good chance the way
           | I am working today will be obsolete tomorrow. As a manager I
           | embrace this and encourage the people in my team to bring new
           | ways of thinking and working. The kind of culture this
           | creates encourages constant experimentation which ultimately
           | leads to better results.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | vkk8 wrote:
         | Older people with extraordinary abilities have, in traditional
         | bureaucratic companies, learned that bullshitting and playing
         | politics is the easiest way to succeed. When they internalize
         | this way of working, there is no going back; it makes them lazy
         | and cynical.
         | 
         | Somehow, it requires a certain amount of naivety to _actually_
         | try to solve a hard problem instead of pretending to do
         | something and then write a 100 page bullshit report (or mostly
         | copy an old report) on it.
        
         | rkalla wrote:
         | Worked there for 7 years - it's a fantastic place to work. It's
         | all about relationships to get things done, but the people are
         | generally fantastic and well-meaning.
        
       | dilpreet_singh wrote:
       | I believe the #1 reason is just the accumulation of really smart
       | people in a place like silicon valley, at the time of infancy of
       | internet. That makes things click like nothing else.
        
         | SigmundA wrote:
         | It also helps they went to Stanford together.
        
           | dilpreet_singh wrote:
           | Sure, and when smart people come together, great ideas are
           | shared and rubbed together, which generates other great
           | ideas. Plus, they have links to other interesting and smart
           | people. So that collectively becomes a force.
        
       | seriousquestion wrote:
       | Has PayPal managed to maintain this culture since then?
        
       | Tycho wrote:
       | Great entrepreneurs maximize their impact by identifying and
       | working with people who have great talent. I wonder, then, how
       | many people of average ability will simply never encounter any of
       | these legendary founder types, because the founders create this
       | bubble around them and don't waste any time trying to co-operate
       | with the rest.
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | Why is it that PG can't figure out getting the correct SSL
       | certificate for his blog?
        
       | bb101 wrote:
       | Reads the same as Netflix. Individuals empowered to make
       | decisions and execute, at all levels of the organization.
       | 
       | With higher responsibility also comes the risk of exposing the
       | company to situations that a more practised individual would know
       | to avoid. It'd be interesting to hear about how these companies
       | mitigate risk from their armies of ambitious underlings.
        
         | gexla wrote:
         | As the article mentioned, few other companies were hiring. The
         | mentioned period was 2000-2002, which was during the carnage of
         | the dot com crash. The economy was in a bad state. Maybe
         | pushing hard to make the case for the start-up to exist in that
         | environment was far riskier than any other mistakes they could
         | have made along the way. Maybe you could say the same about
         | start-ups today.
         | 
         | Keep your focus on the first thing which will kill you.
        
           | at-fates-hands wrote:
           | >> Maybe pushing hard to make the case for the start-up to
           | exist in that environment was far riskier
           | 
           | Agreed 100%.
           | 
           | All of my friends who were bragging they were going to retire
           | at 25 millionaires and then three months later were flat
           | broke. They were so disenchanted with the startup scene, they
           | all went to work for big corporations.
           | 
           | As I remember, nobody I knew wanted to work at a startup, let
           | alone start a company in that environment. There was no money
           | - VC or otherwise. You were left to bootstrap it yourself. If
           | it had anything to do with the internet, you were toxic so
           | even getting clients to support you was insanely hard.
           | 
           | The fact they came out of that crazy time and were able to
           | prosper against all of those odds is really impressive.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | There is something nagging at me - it is something deep. It is
       | that there has to be a set of values, a set of cultural red lines
       | that we do not cross.
       | 
       | Every branch of the military will happily tick pretty much all of
       | those "do it now, don't let anything stop you" boxes.
       | 
       | But every branch of the military has in place very deep redlines
       | (sometimes expressed as rules of engagement, sometimes as
       | "honour") - because they know the horrors of crossing those
       | lines, with a "get it done at any cost attitude".)
       | 
       | Most humans have that ability to get things done, they just tend
       | to work for organisations that don't reward it. And so the onus
       | is on management (as ever). Build a culture that rewards
       | innovation - but has some set of values that accepts some lines
       | cannot be crossed.
       | 
       | Yes there is danger in retreating from the edge of chaos - but
       | then we all live in Ming China. That is a better problem than
       | going too far over the eve of chaos.
       | 
       | it's hard, for companies as well as societies.
        
         | spockz wrote:
         | I agree with your first bit, without boundaries we will get a
         | runaway system. But what does the reference to Ming China mean?
         | 
         | > Yes there is danger in retreating from the edge of chaos -
         | but then we all live in Ming China. That is a better problem
         | than going too far over the eve of chaos.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | I wonder if OP isn't confusing Ming China with Qing China.
           | The Ming dynasty had a period of exploration and then it
           | stopped, but not because it closed itself off, just because
           | it was becoming unstable.
           | 
           | Qing China is the one that famously closed itself off from
           | the world.
        
             | lifeisstillgood wrote:
             | The Ming dynasty (late 1300 - mid 1600 ish) started well
             | but for very unclear and contentious reasons ended ship
             | based trade (famously burning records and ships - including
             | ones that may or may not - probably not - reached America).
             | They did turn inwards - but that was fairly fine - China at
             | 1400 was at the technological peak, life was pretty good
             | for the average peasant, frankly it was about as good as it
             | ever got before industrialisation.
             | 
             | Like the T-Shirt says, when you are this good, why try
             | harder.
             | 
             | The most advanced civilisation on the planet simply sat
             | back in 1400, and no-one could do anything about it because
             | the place was one fairly unified political system.
             | 
             | (yes, wars rebellions etc, but one China - maybe broken at
             | times but always seeing itself as one, not competing to
             | beat the other part but competing to unify again.
             | 
             | Probably it's fair to say that China always fought itself,
             | and Europe fought each other.
             | 
             | (There is also something about how China unified and grew
             | in waves related to the latest horse invaders. A sort of
             | unified and strong when the invaders attacked, weaker when
             | the threat retreated. Once gunpowder was invented that
             | process was effectively over - you could mow down horse
             | archers happily all day. So again, China had no external
             | threats so it could turn inwards. And take all of this as a
             | massive over-simplification but it's interesting to realise
             | the end of the horse invaders coincided with gunpowder and
             | the turning inwards)
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | True, but as far as I know we don't have any official
               | documents, mandates, about this turn inward.
               | 
               | While for Qing we have a ton of proof about this policy.
               | 
               | I'd definitely use Qing as the archetypal example of
               | isolationism. Especially since Qing was the absolute peak
               | of China in terms of territorial expansion, global
               | influence, share of the world economy. Qing China in 1650
               | - 1700 truly had no rival.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | Fair enough - to be honest I got all excited about the
               | gunpowder timeline. Poor historian I would make.
               | 
               | The general point about living on the edge of chaos and
               | it falling in either side still stands - although if you
               | do fall, falling like the Ming / Qing is waaaay better
               | :-)
        
       | guenthert wrote:
       | I found this glorification of PayPal a bit befuddling. I use
       | their service myself often, but chiefly because the banking
       | system in the USA is so hideously backwards (more so ten years
       | ago). In Germany for example, if a private party would want to
       | pay some other private or commercial party, they would use a
       | bank-to-bank transfer, which completes in less than 24h. This
       | system was used even before the WWW. I payed the office of a
       | "Mitfahrergemeinschaft" (office of a ride sharing organisation)
       | via phone in the early nineties (that's when I learned that
       | nobody looks at the signature of the bank-transfer requests sent
       | via snail mail unless there is a complaint).
       | 
       | So I'm not quite convinced that PayPal was all that innovative,
       | but they did fill a void here.
        
       | kubanczyk wrote:
       | > you'd do your homework first and then come to the table with
       | "35% of our [insert some key metric here] are caused by the lack
       | of X functionality"
       | 
       | Tangential, how do you decide whether to collect a new metric?
       | Use data-driven thinking? But how, you don't have data until you
       | invest in building that collector.
        
       | sherlock_h wrote:
       | Number 1 definitely. Focus is super important.
       | 
       | Second to this I'd put good hiring. I have seen companies that
       | try to follow these models without rigorous recruiting or hiring
       | processes. It results in a huge mess because management has these
       | massive expectations but the people they hire just aren't good
       | enough. As a result, everyone gets demoralized
        
       | the_arun wrote:
       | 1. Eat our own dogfood : Makes us more empathetic with our
       | customers
       | 
       | 2. Eat other food as well OR do not limit ourselves to our own
       | dogfood : This can help greatly in shaping our products better
       | and in providing seamless experience migrating customers from
       | competitors to our product.
        
       | troelsSteegin wrote:
       | How did projects get staffed? Was that senior mgrs allocating
       | staff to winner proposals? The article mentions "Most great
       | innovations at PayPal were driven by one person who then
       | conscripted others to support, adopt, implement the new idea.". I
       | am wondering how "conscripted" worked. It also mentions "Vigorous
       | debate, often via email: Almost every important issue had
       | champions and critics. These were normally resolved not by
       | official edict but by a vigorous debate that could be very
       | intense." It looks like David Sacks was successful at shaping a
       | product-driven culture there. Is the implication that innovation
       | and project allocation was coming out of "product"?
        
       | zmmmmm wrote:
       | Sounds reminiscent of Google - where staff gravitate to the teams
       | they want to work on - but "done right", ie: with accountability.
       | On the other hand, I wonder if it produces some of the same
       | problems - who takes responsibility for long term maintenance
       | when everybody's a hero creating bold new things?
        
       | saucymew wrote:
       | As much as I respect the founders/alumni that came from PayPal,
       | do any of them still use it?
       | 
       | Forced to use PayPal since 2004 as a small business owner, it was
       | impossible to reach their customer support. They've also left me
       | to fight with insurers when it came to fraudulent transactions.
       | 
       | Glad to hear they built a talented team, but as a customer...
        
         | DavidAdams wrote:
         | Speaking as a payments industry insider, it's surprising to me,
         | but PayPal payments represent a huge proportion of online
         | payments, and they're on an uptick. I'm not sure why.
         | 
         | I mostly use PayPal when there's some kind of promotion that
         | gives me an incentive, such as extra credit card rewards, or a
         | cash back offer. I think a lot of people find it convenient to
         | use PayPal for ecommerce because they don't have to get their
         | credit card out, just enter their PayPal password.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | I'm a PayPal merchant. First of all, I'm sure the choice of a
           | payment service depends a lot on the specific nature of your
           | business. I run a completely analog business, selling a
           | gadget that I make at home, to a relatively small niche of
           | enthusiasts, strictly in the US.
           | 
           | I do look around once in a while, for what the alternatives
           | are, but so far PayPal is the only service that lets me run
           | my business from a passive web page. I don't even have my own
           | URL. Every other service seems to have a tutorial showing me
           | what code to install on my server, but frankly hosting and
           | maintaining a server (at home or in the cloud) seems like it
           | would add a dimension of complexity to my business that I
           | don't want to deal with. I certainly don't want to be
           | responsible for handling and storing my customers' credit
           | card numbers and similar data.
           | 
           | I also think that the customer protections are beneficial,
           | since they give people the confidence to buy from a
           | relatively unknown seller.
           | 
           | On top of that, they have a deal with the USPS that lets me
           | generate a first class shipping label, which isn't even
           | available at the USPS website. What I save on postage more
           | than covers the PayPal fee.
        
           | maxsilver wrote:
           | > (PayPal is) on an uptick. I'm not sure why.
           | 
           | One thing PayPal does well is have all the features you 100%
           | depend on, already running well. The UX is kind of terrible,
           | but it's at least all there. As a PayPal purchaser, I can
           | enforce a specific shipping address, or a specific source
           | payment method, change it constantly at will, and the seller
           | mostly can't mess it up (PayPal enforces it on my behalf). I
           | can sign up for a subscription, cancel it, all from PayPal's
           | side, and the seller literally _can 't_ control that
           | experience or block me from doing that (PayPal enforces that
           | on my behalf too). I can even dispute a transaction with one
           | click (although I've never needed to, so I don't know what
           | happens after that).
           | 
           | I also have a Visa, MasterCard, Amex, Discover, and Simple,
           | and Venmo. Some of these other credit card merchants or cash
           | services have _parts_ of these pieces _half_ implemented.
           | (There are  'fake/disposable' cc numbers and such that try to
           | replicate the 'cancel anytime' thing. You can definitely call
           | a credit card company to block future transactions from a
           | specific company). But to my knowledge, no one else actually
           | has the whole minimum-featureset-for-purchasing figured out
           | and accessible with just clicks online. PayPal does. And
           | they've had it, consistently, for almost a decade.
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | So, as a person who writes eCommerce stuff all the time, I
           | get why folks in the industry is sick of it. (It's duplicate
           | steps, we always have to do "real credit cards" merchant, and
           | also a separate "PayPal" integration)
           | 
           | But as a purchaser, I _always_ prefer the PayPal option,
           | rather than handing over a Credit Card to their Stripe
           | /Square/whatever merchant service -- especially for anything
           | with recurring billing. I get why other folks prefer it as
           | well.
        
             | zmmmmm wrote:
             | I'm similar: simultaneously aware of the huge problems with
             | PayPal and yet will _always_ choose it for small
             | transactions. Why? Probably mostly because of the address
             | filling you mention. Having to type in my entire address,
             | worry about whether it 'll get screwed up or it will not
             | support my country or whatever else is just too much
             | trouble for microtransactions (<$10). And then, even while
             | I'm aware of the problems with their fraud detection, it
             | gives me comfort that they are erring on the side of
             | shutting down vendors that look shady - even if that takes
             | out a portion of real vendors or creates huge problems for
             | them.
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | I sell on Tindie- non-US customers have big complaints about
         | PayPal (Tindie's only option at the moment): the money currency
         | conversion is a rip-off. Many in Europe have moved to
         | TransferWise and Tindie seems to be working on it:
         | 
         | https://wise.com/us
         | 
         | I also sell on eBay: they direct deposit into my bank. I have
         | no idea what happens with international orders.
        
         | xibalba wrote:
         | Musk has been openly and repeatedly critical of how PayPal blew
         | it. Tbf, I use PayPal pretty regularly and it works just fine
         | for me.
        
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       (page generated 2021-04-13 23:02 UTC)