[HN Gopher] Intel in talks to produce chips for automakers withi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Intel in talks to produce chips for automakers within six to nine
       months
        
       Author : alexrustic
       Score  : 293 points
       Date   : 2021-04-12 23:05 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | aj7 wrote:
       | Intel in talks to act as "1.5 level" chip foundry.
       | 
       | or
       | 
       | Intel's commitment to a "mixed foundry-proprietary" business
       | model.
        
       | ju-st wrote:
       | Not a single Intel Atom embedded (E3xxx) is currently available
       | at Mouser
        
       | nullserver wrote:
       | Ancient article I read talked about how with a single press
       | announcement on Intel's upcoming 586 architecture. 2 or 3
       | competitors simply gave up.
       | 
       | Never mind that by the time Intel actually delivered the other
       | players would have been at the same tech level.
        
       | unnouinceput wrote:
       | I would not buy a car that has BCM/ECU modules with Intel chips
       | inside. Undocumented instructions and hidden SoC inside the chip
       | itself (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine)
       | that you have zero control of, is enough reasons to not trust
       | Intel anymore.
        
       | prawn wrote:
       | Is this related to the scenario described in the following
       | comment at all?
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26659709
        
       | __michaelg wrote:
       | Where are all the 8051 jokes?
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | I doubt most HN readers even know what 8051 is.
        
           | jhgb wrote:
           | You should make a poll about that.
        
           | __michaelg wrote:
           | They might not know what 8051s are, but they are still in
           | their cars :D
        
       | kevinob11 wrote:
       | Does that mean they will be in cars in ~6 years?
        
         | xt00 wrote:
         | Yes, that is the typical timeline for getting silicon into cars
         | from my experience. They make announcements like this to tell
         | engineers, "hey we are interested in this area, please check
         | out our dev kits." Most likely in the ADAS area is what they
         | are targeting to compete with nvidia and others.
         | 
         | Intel I'm assuming did a brainstorm relatively recently and
         | wrote down on a white board "what should we be focusing on"..
         | and they probably wrote down:
         | 
         | -cloud server infrastructure
         | 
         | -something to compete with the Apple M series processors
         | 
         | -high margin businesses ( cars / self-driving and military /
         | large super computer installs )
         | 
         | So basically my understanding is that they use the lead
         | customer in each product segment they care about to help them
         | define the cutting edge for that space. So they probably will
         | use Microsoft/Azure for cloud customer leadership, some
         | competitor of Tesla like VW or Mercedes for ADAS stuff, and
         | military they probably are already doing fine there. Especially
         | with the new Arizona fabs.
        
           | bri3d wrote:
           | It doesn't sound like they're designing a new line of
           | silicon, but rather offering up pure fab to someone like
           | Infineon for Aurix or Renesas for R-Car or whatever their
           | stuff is called lately.
           | 
           | Whether or not that's plausible or a marketing play, I'm not
           | sure (since nobody outside of Intel really knows the details
           | about Intel's process constraints), but it doesn't sound like
           | they are targeting an area of competition where they would be
           | introducing new silicon and expecting a whole iteration
           | lifecycle. The intent seems to be drop-in replacements.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >they use the lead customer in each product segment they care
           | about to help them define the cutting edge for that space.
           | 
           | with that customer naturally describing a faster horse that
           | it wants :)
        
       | thunkshift1 wrote:
       | Good way to repurpose billions poured as capex into the older
       | nodes
        
       | leesalminen wrote:
       | Aaq
        
       | BooneJS wrote:
       | 9 months from inception to first silicon is close to the speed of
       | light, development and manufacturing-wise. I wish them good luck,
       | as this is impacting several industries downstream.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | Correct me if I'm wrong but I believe the article is saying
         | that outside companies will come in to use their existing
         | designs on Intel equipment; Intel won't be designing new chips
         | themselves.
        
           | guepe wrote:
           | A fairly large amount of work is required to re-map the
           | design onto Intel standard cells, which are not compatible
           | with others. This means entire backend needs to be re-done.
           | It's very significant amount of work.
        
             | floxy wrote:
             | Why would they port them to use new standard cells? Why
             | wouldn't they just use the existing physical layout artwork
             | to make new masks (i.e. GDSII files)? Assuming a closely
             | compatible process. Maybe that's the catch? Intel's
             | existing processes aren't close to anything anyone else
             | has? Not that I think 6-9 months is reasonable.
        
               | BooneJS wrote:
               | If it's just standard cells, then it could go quick.
               | Change technology library and synthesize. But if there's
               | process-specific IP (analog serdes, non-standard cells,
               | etc), then that takes work. I presume most automobile
               | chips are not leading node high-speed switches.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Because the layout depends on the process. And processes
               | are different.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | BooneJS wrote:
             | That, and 3-4 months for manufacturing and test between
             | tapeout and power-on. Automotive silicon has different test
             | requirements than your average laptop widget.
        
       | astockwell wrote:
       | My favorite movie: senior executives with a history of getting
       | engineering estimates wrong, making promises about engineering
       | timelines. _grabs popcorn_
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | That's why Intel got rid of Bob Swan (MBA) and hired Gelsinger
         | as GEO. Gelsinger is in an engineer, he was the architect of
         | Intel 80486.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | I went from bearish to bullish on INTC when they hired a
           | product guy instead of a bean counting guy. 5 years from now
           | we're going to look back on Intel as an incredible
           | opportunity.
        
             | totalZero wrote:
             | Swan wasn't the problem, as I understand it. Krzanich was
             | an atrocious leader, and Swan's job was basically to put
             | out the dumpster fire that Krzanich left behind after he
             | was forced out.
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | This is "Intel: The sequel. Uninformative priors abound"
         | 
         | e.g., Under new management.
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | New head, same body! Its likely the reflex are still here.
        
         | ihaveajob wrote:
         | Who knows, they've been trying to get into the fab business
         | since I left there about 10 years ago. This opportunity could
         | be what finally kickstarts that idea into reality.
        
       | anonuser123456 wrote:
       | What kind of diodes will they be producing?
        
       | fomine3 wrote:
       | I can't wait to buy a car with Intel Inside and Centrino
       | stickers.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | Imagine when you hit that "turbo" button like on the 486.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | Isn't that technically what the "Eco" button in some cars
           | does. The turbo button didn't make the computer go faster if
           | I recall, it reduced speed when activated.
        
             | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
             | Yeah I googled it yesterday to see what it even did and it
             | made the computer slower. I'm not sure I knew that back
             | then...afraid I was setting computers slower.
             | 
             | You can see where consumers could be confused since they
             | basically made a word mean the opposite of what it means.
             | Someone needs a paddling for that.
        
       | jaimex2 wrote:
       | Does this mean some cars will have Intel inside stickers?
        
       | aero142 wrote:
       | Reading between the lines, it sounds like they are supplying
       | chips domestically to remove a dependence on a foreign,
       | unpredictable supply chain, and are able to use fabs that are
       | losing relevance for server chips in a way that doesn't matter to
       | the car manufacturers.
       | 
       | Sounds like a win-win, but I'm guessing the next thing we will
       | hear is a pitch for federal subsidy for this under a national
       | security banner.
        
         | Ericson2314 wrote:
         | Yes, much state capitalism all around here.
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | Hilariously one of the backlogs I know of are PMICs from TI. TI
         | produces most of these ICs domestically already, it's just car
         | manufacturers fucked everything with their incompetence at
         | supply chain forecasting.
        
         | blihp wrote:
         | tl;dr version: there's nothing unpredictable about the supply
         | chain if you don't cancel your orders.
         | 
         | That's the narrative (re: dependence on foreign chips), but
         | it's not what actually happened. Last year the auto
         | manufacturers anticipated a slowdown in demand and cut back on
         | inventory orders. This made sense at the time (to reduce
         | orders) given the uncertainty but it sounds like they pretty
         | much cancelled them. They likely figured that their suppliers
         | would be happy for the business when they returned.[1] The semi
         | companies just put other customers in line ahead of them and
         | now the autos are screwed since they are facing incredibly long
         | lead times for chips and don't have the inventory to bridge the
         | gap to make the number of vehicles they need.
         | 
         | This benefits Intel because the line of customers looking for
         | 14nm chips at the prices Intel probably wants to charge likely
         | isn't very long. However, they've found a perfect (i.e.
         | desperate) customer in the autos. So it's actually a win-win
         | for the time being.
         | 
         | [1] This actually works if you're a supplier exclusively to one
         | company/industry. It doesn't work so well if you have other
         | options.
        
           | totalZero wrote:
           | > there's nothing unpredictable about the supply chain if you
           | don't cancel your orders
           | 
           | Unless there's a fire at an AKM plant. Or a fire at a Renesas
           | plant. Or a drought in Taiwan. Or blackouts in Texas.
           | 
           | When you're running at low utilization, lead times are
           | shorter and the market is more forgiving of order alterations
           | and incorrect predictions of demand. But that's not the case
           | right now, and there have been several exogenous setbacks for
           | the sector.
        
             | blihp wrote:
             | Fair points re: disruptions... but you will have those
             | issues anywhere in factories run by any company. I was
             | responding to the implication that there's anything
             | inherently unpredictable in the chip companies being
             | foreign. My point was that the autos are uniquely screwed
             | vs. many other customers of the chip companies due to their
             | own decisions and actions.
             | 
             | Regarding utilization rates, that's probably where most of
             | my snarkiness was coming from: the autos knew demand was
             | high before they cancelled their orders and they chose to
             | do so anyways. I'm sure they had every right to do what
             | they did (contractual language allowing for cancellations
             | etc), but when you step out of line for whatever reason it
             | should come as no surprise that when you decide that you
             | want to be in line after all that you're going to now be at
             | the back of it. This has nothing to do with an
             | unpredictable supply chain and everything to do with an
             | unpredictable customer who didn't plan properly. Yet the
             | story gets played up as the failure of a brittle supply
             | chain.
        
         | luxuryballs wrote:
         | Might as well unfortunately, if they aren't going to cut all
         | the regulations that drive up the cost of employment and
         | manufacturing. At this point it feels like another hit of
         | economic heroin is the only thing staving off fatal
         | withdrawals.
        
         | defaultname wrote:
         | Intel has a number of advanced foundries around the world, and
         | they're jockeying for business as their cash cow sees a bit of
         | threat. Every wafer-for-hire foundry is running at >100%
         | utilization so it's basically printing money at this point,
         | especially if you have a slightly older foundries that aren't
         | up to par for creating the cutting edge of chip, but they're
         | perfectly adequate for making most automotive electronics (e.g.
         | 28nm).
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > I'm guessing the next thing we will hear is a pitch for
         | federal subsidy for this under a national security banner.
         | 
         | Just open your ears and you'll hear it already: "Intel CEO
         | calls for "moonshot" to boost U.S. role in chipmaking"
         | https://www.axios.com/intel-ceo-gelsinger-chipmaking-moonsho...
         | 
         | Nom nom!
        
       | alfiedotwtf wrote:
       | Maybe it's just me, but did anyone else read it is "dying company
       | to focus on producing for dying industry"... seems like a wrong
       | move to me
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | Automotive is hardly dying. It is however in a natural
         | downcycle even before corona. The real story is people don't
         | have money. Even before corona, used car prices have been
         | absolutely exploding as a result of less people having money
         | for even leasing cars.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | Nah. Both of those 'dying' businesses are seeing an explosion
         | of demand.
        
         | randomopining wrote:
         | How is automotive a dying industry lol? How do humans get
         | around in your world?
        
       | nfoz wrote:
       | Probably way off-topic but I hope this doesn't imply that cars
       | are going the way of Smart TV's where they have some annoying and
       | underpowered tech in them to force an early obsolescence on a
       | machine that is otherwise fine and could last decades.
       | 
       | But I suspect that ship is sailing regardless.
        
       | klelatti wrote:
       | Presumably this means that Intel expects margins on the auto
       | chips to be higher than on what this capacity could be producing
       | for Intel's own products. Given Intel's margins are already high
       | this could mean:
       | 
       | - Very, very attractive margins on the auto chips.
       | 
       | - Much lower expected margins on Intel chips or idle capacity.
       | 
       | So which is more likely?
       | 
       | (and of course Intel quickly establishes a position in a new
       | market in line with PG's strategy and gets some good PR).
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | Neither. Probably recycling/repurposing of older fabs. Afaik
         | car manufacturers are not looking for cutting edge chips found
         | in memory, cpus and gpus, so older fabrication lines can be
         | repurposed for that role and provide an alternative revenue
         | stream for intel until they manage to sort their CPU fab line
         | out.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | Not convinced. Multiple processes mentioned in the piece.
           | Maybe there is capacity being freed up as 10nm comes on-
           | stream but seems likely that they are anticipating some
           | weakening of demand or moving some work to TSMC.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | They certainly expect lower demand on their current chips
             | as they run hot(er) and with fewer cores. They have bought
             | a percentage of TSMC's production but TSMC is not very hot
             | about them either as they are building new fabs for their
             | 7nm chips.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | So, Intel has been having trouble getting their cutting-edge
       | (very small geometry) manufacturing to work. Automotive chips,
       | however, I believe typically do not require the very newest,
       | smallest geometry manufacturing (although they have other
       | peculiarities and demanding requirements).
       | 
       | I was, many years ago, employed as a manufacturing engineer in
       | semiconductor fabs that, once no longer cutting edge enough to do
       | the latest CPU's or memory chips, would transition to doing
       | higher-voltage stuff. It's a reasonable thing to do. It does not
       | necessarily speak well of Intel's current situation, though, with
       | respect to CPU and memory chips, that they consider this a good
       | move. But, given their current situation, it probably is making
       | the best of a bad situation.
        
         | mmmBacon wrote:
         | The challenge with automotive parts is reliability and
         | performance over extended temperature and humidity range.
         | 
         | This is not necessarily something you are just good at because
         | you already produce semis.
        
           | chubs wrote:
           | Automotive ECUs solve the humidity problem by putting the
           | boards in a pot of epoxy (talk about overkill!), and as for
           | reliability, all my ancient computers still work just fine,
           | the only things that ever die seems to be the capacitors or
           | leaky CMOS batteries, i'd be happy to buy a car with an intel
           | xeon (ECC PLEASE!) as the ECU.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | > intel xeon (ECC PLEASE!) as the ECU.
             | 
             | LOL. Any code that relies on fast interrupts is a lost
             | cause on x86. A 32 MHz ECU may dramatically faster at
             | interrupts that a top of the line Xeon :)
             | 
             | The power consumption of a pile of Xeons will add up fast,
             | too.
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | So what you're saying is that the die doesn't die? Sorry,
             | bad pun, Monday night...
        
             | tempestn wrote:
             | Desktop computers, or even servers, don't need to handle
             | anything like the heat, cold, or vibration that cars are
             | subjected to though.
        
           | qznc wrote:
           | Intel is already producing for automotive with the Denverton
           | chip.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | So if those who make semis for the military have capacity,
           | then they can make them for the automotive industry.
        
             | moftz wrote:
             | It goes consumer grade, automotive, military, and then you
             | have levels above that meant for things like space and
             | down-hole oil drilling. Automotive is certainly a step up
             | above consumer grade but it's not like Intel is throwing an
             | i7 into a car. They are going to just offer fab capacity to
             | anyone that can build on the various technologies that can
             | be built at Intel's fabs.
        
             | mmmBacon wrote:
             | This is not really true. Firstly, the volume for automotive
             | is much higher. 2nd the cost structure is entirely
             | different and a business set up for high cost low volume
             | military parts may not be competitive in automotive with
             | low cost.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I think ramp up is more the issue. The cost of idling
               | plants and ceding market share outweighs any added
               | component cost (within reason).
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Intel made military versions of their semiconductors for
           | three decades (inclluding the 386). Rad hardening anyone? (In
           | fact, alpha strikes are part of their low-voltage memory QR
           | statistics). Military is far more robust than automotive.
           | There is probably still enough tribal knowledge there to call
           | back on. Maybe. They might have all retired or died.
        
             | mmmBacon wrote:
             | Automotive is actually quite reliable and military spec
             | parts are often automotive rated parts that have additional
             | testing and/or slightly different packaging.
             | 
             | The military has been using automotive grade parts to
             | reduce costs where possible.
             | 
             | https://www.dla.mil/Portals/104/Documents/LandAndMaritime/V
             | /...
        
             | vzidex wrote:
             | Military is still a major customer, at least for their FPGA
             | division (Altera). Probably still enough smart people
             | kicking around to make it work.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | CivBase wrote:
           | No worries! With how long it has taken them to move past
           | 10nm, Intel has become quite adept at making CPUs run in
           | extremely high temps.
           | 
           | I couldn't resist. The joke was just too easy.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | It's something Intel _used_ to be good at until they
           | dismantled all of their other chip lines in the 90 's and
           | 00's.
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | My 1989 Honda has an Intel chip that powers the ECU. They
           | have been in millions of cars, so I would say they probably
           | have some knowledge buried somewhere in the company.
        
             | valzam wrote:
             | Someone retired engineer is about to get a very lucrative
             | consulting gig
        
             | rjsw wrote:
             | Your 1989 chip can be emulated in software by a modern ECU.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | That wasn't really my point. The point was that they
               | probably do understand the conditions under which
               | automotive and other more rugged applications work.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | Automotive electronics have changed a lot since 1989,
               | your Honda won't even be using a CAN bus.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | As I understand the problem:
           | 
           | Auto manufacturers need 380nm production lines.
           | 
           | They unwisely canceled all their orders for >6 months.
           | 
           | Their suppliers mothballed all these antiquated facilities.
           | 
           | Maybe Intel can make money with this. It will be interesting
           | to see.
        
             | wyldfire wrote:
             | > They unwisely canceled all their orders for >6 months.
             | 
             | These guys hate inventory with a raging passion.
        
               | Guest42 wrote:
               | That's one thing I noticed in aerospace. The executives
               | would far sooner run out of parts and have very expensive
               | delays in order to hit turnover targets than to have a 2
               | month buffer to handle demand surges or scheduling
               | variability. Then they'd leave for similar roles at
               | bigger companies.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | _> The executives would far sooner run out of parts and
               | have very expensive delays in order to hit turnover
               | targets than to have a 2 month buffer to handle demand
               | surges or scheduling variability._
               | 
               | That sounds like a contractor milking a cost-plus
               | contract.
        
               | Guest42 wrote:
               | Can you explain? This was a cost center for a large
               | conglomerate with a number of multi-year contracts but I
               | haven't heard of cost-plus contracts only cost-plus
               | pricing.
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | > haven't heard of cost-plus contracts
               | 
               | I don't know why someone would agree to them, but they're
               | fairly common. Nasa awarded Boeing a cost-plus contract
               | for the SLS.
               | 
               | Basically they're awarded a contract for the cost
               | estimate plus any overruns, it's basically a blank check.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Coming from a Supply Chain function in aerospace, I have
               | to agree and disagree. 2 months of stock are somewhere
               | around a turn rate from 4-6. A region some aerospace
               | companies can only dream of.
               | 
               | The problems are, that they stock to much of some parts
               | and not enough from others. That problems gets worse when
               | programs reach end of life, obsolescence is a severe
               | problem then.
               | 
               | Most of the demand fluctuations in aerospace, less so for
               | spares, is home made. Delivery lead times and production
               | lead times are so long, that done right, fluctuations are
               | mainly a problem for long lead time items. And that is
               | manageable.
        
               | Guest42 wrote:
               | I meant 2 months more as a floor across a majority of
               | items(and it's been a long time since then so there's a
               | certain amount of rounding). Production wanted to
               | eliminate shortages whereas executives and accountants
               | wanted to optimize turn rates while claiming to care
               | about shortages.
               | 
               | Overall, each of the projects had around 2000 unique
               | parts (at least for what this particular plant was
               | making). Occasionally, newer contracts would get a much
               | higher prioritization and could grab parts (and
               | employees) from older projects. Another scenario that
               | would lead to extra demand was having test failures on a
               | project that was nearing design freeze.
               | 
               | I ended up changing industries to financial services, but
               | will always have a deep respect and appreciation for what
               | went into those projects.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | The funny thing is, that aiming for inventory levels, or
               | certain levels across the board, can increase the
               | likelihood of shortages. Higher stock means larger
               | production lots and longer lead times. If for some reason
               | your planned production / procurement doesn't match
               | demand, almost a certainty with large production runs,
               | one part cart run out of stock. And the large production
               | runs make replenishment of this part difficult.
        
               | Guest42 wrote:
               | It was a very fun game that required knowing the capacity
               | of each supplier and their suppliers as well. The sales
               | orders had to get matched up with airplanes and sometimes
               | the planes would have shortages that would then instantly
               | changes years' worth of scheduling.
               | 
               | Overall I felt like there were a number of good
               | strategies but that sometimes the strategizing interfered
               | with the execution. Peoples tenure and the projects they
               | went through often influenced their notion of ideal. By
               | the time I started getting comfortable understanding
               | these things, it was time to get a new job.
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | > The problems are, that they stock to much of some parts
               | and not enough from others.
               | 
               | Is there a reason for that? I would imagine they'd have
               | actuarials telling them exactly how much of each thing
               | they need to produce a thing, as well as failure rates.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Inventory management is hard, and one of the main tasks
               | of Supply Chain Management. In the end, I have yet to see
               | a formula, algorithm or model that calculates stock
               | levels that isn't over shooting at a factor of 2, either
               | way.
               | 
               | In the end, it is the tram and person responsible for
               | inventory planning and placing production / purchase
               | orders that set, directly and indirectly, inventory
               | levels. In some cases 2 months maybe just right. In other
               | cases it maybe 1 month to much, in again other cases not
               | close to enough. And that can change over time.
               | 
               | As a rule of thumb, you don't want inventory. It makes an
               | operation inflexible and fat. You need it so. Figuring
               | that out is the task planners and supply chain managers.
               | Some orgs are better at that then others.
        
               | throwaway2048 wrote:
               | That's a plague amongst modern management and corporate
               | operations, you return amazing numbers by cutting all
               | your inventory and production slack and it works
               | fantastically, until a slight hiccup occurs and it fucks
               | your production for years to come. But that is the next
               | guy's problem, not yours.
               | 
               | Efficiency and Robustness are very often a tradeoff, the
               | more efficient you are, the more prone your entire
               | operation is to minor disruptions.
               | 
               | Something akin to overfitting in machine learning.
               | 
               | Also something to consider is what happens when the
               | entire economy is forced in that direction, where you
               | either cut everything to the bone for the sake of
               | efficiency, or go out of business due to competition.
        
               | GlennS wrote:
               | There's also the issue that it's much easier to do
               | quality control when you're receiving your supplies Just
               | In Time.
               | 
               | The longer the lag between producing a faulty part and
               | trying to use it, the harder to diagnose the problem.
               | 
               | The analogous software problem is probably having
               | database backups sitting around without regularly testing
               | if you can successfully restore from them.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | That's why QC happens when parts are received. And not
               | when they are to be used.
               | 
               | And I really wished I the "everything is running on JIT"
               | meme to die. Because it is just plain wrong.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | A two month warehouse buffer doesn't really pose any
               | problems to QC.
        
             | burnte wrote:
             | > Auto manufacturers need 380nm production lines.
             | 
             | They "need" chips made on a 28 year old process? I'd really
             | want a source for this. Even if it were true, there are
             | still fabs that can make .35um process chips.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | A source for what? Billion dollar capital projects have a
               | lifetime of _at least_ 30 years.
               | 
               | RAD6000 CPUs are still made on 0.5um fabs.
        
               | burnte wrote:
               | A source that modern cars can't be built without .35um
               | chips. I didn't say those old fabs aren't still
               | pumpingout chips, in fact I pointed out THEY ARE still
               | pumping out chips, despite the parent saying they had all
               | been shuttered. I doubt that modern cars can't be built
               | without old process chips, but would like a source rather
               | than simply saying parent is wrong.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | My apologies, I completely misread what both you and the
               | GP were saying
        
             | Kliment wrote:
             | You understand semi-correctly. Here's my analysis on this
             | from another thread
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26659709
             | 
             | The suppliers didn't mothball the facilities (which are not
             | at all antiquated, and are massively in use for other
             | things), they just sold that capacity to less capricious
             | customers.
        
             | rossdavidh wrote:
             | It should also be mentioned that worldwide suppliers 1 and
             | 3 had a big loss from power outages in Texas in February,
             | and then supplier 2 had a fab burn down. But, if they
             | hadn't canceled all their orders, it wouldn't be as bad a
             | situation as it is.
        
             | KirillPanov wrote:
             | > Auto manufacturers need 380nm production lines.
             | 
             | I think you mean 350nm.
             | 
             | This isn't surprising; a lot of nifty features got axed
             | after 350nm, like having two full-fledged polysilicon
             | layers (a few subsequent processes technically have two
             | poly layers but one of them is totally crippled and can
             | only be used for flash cells).
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | Yes, because doping wasn't surviving second poly
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | Intel is playing a PR angle to win hearts and minds for the
         | homegrown semiconductor push. Even if an automotive IC move to
         | get Congress and the public to appreciate Intel incurs a short
         | term loss, it may be economical in the long term because
         | there's about to be a lot of government money available to the
         | sector.
         | 
         | Also, if they want to get busy with foundry, this is the way to
         | do it. It's not like they're doing HPC processors with all the
         | trailing node fabs.
         | 
         | I know an engineering researcher who uses a shaft position
         | sensor chip that is also widely employed in EVs. They have been
         | out of stock for months. That little chip could have major
         | implications for many industries and communities.
         | 
         | "For want of a nail..."
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | A little of both, I think. They do have lots of fab capacity
           | for older process nodes which are ideal of embedded
           | applications. And they do want to boost their PR image, plus
           | they aren't wrong: the industry is kinda effed right now with
           | TWO fires in Japan (most recently Renesas). It's a golden
           | alignment for Intel, and Gelsinger miiiiight be shrewd enough
           | to score a home run. But Intel stock? Eeehhhh.... not a long
           | term hold, they ain't got a play book after this.
        
             | zitterbewegung wrote:
             | A contrary opinion is here by Ian Cutress:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaB1WuFUAtw
             | 
             | I think that Intel does have two plays left.
             | 
             | 1. Appeal to the government that they can't go beyond their
             | current process node and the government preorders a bunch
             | of processors to do this.
             | 
             | 2. Intel abandons new process nodes and becomes a customer
             | of TSMC.
             | 
             | If Intel thinks about doing #2 I think the government would
             | be forced to do #1 for the sole fact of keeping chip
             | manufacturing knowledge in the US
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | I see #1 happening, but I'm not sure how #2 would play
               | out. Hundreds of billions of dollars spent on fabs, with
               | close to 80% of their employees working in fabs 24/7.
               | That would crater several towns in the US (Chandler,
               | Santa Clara, Portland come time mind), and just be
               | throwing away money. One hell of a capital loss! I think
               | there are too many people high up at intel getting stinky
               | rich to throw the company under the buss like that. But
               | then again it might happen, you're not the first to
               | suggest it.
        
               | NegativeLatency wrote:
               | Intel is more of a Beaverton thing than Portland
               | directly, not saying it wouldn't have an impact but a lot
               | of the semiconductor and hardware stuff isn't in Portland
               | proper but to the south or east towns.
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | D1X, the beast, is Hillsboro, there's also Aloha, which
               | is technically Beaverton, but them's fightin words to the
               | locals. ;)
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | Santa Clara will be just fine without Intel, guaranteed.
               | Regarding #2: that would be the beginning of the end for
               | Intel. Gelsinger is reminding me of bringing in Mayer to
               | fix Yahoo. Intel is done on design. AMD, Nvidia, and
               | Apple are all smoking them and the gap is only widening
               | now. Intel would need a miracle to turn around their
               | terrible inertia. Investing into being the US fab play,
               | their only expertise, advantage, and existing massive
               | facilities, seems like the only reasonable path forward.
        
               | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
               | What Intel is managing to pull off using outdated
               | manufacturing tech is pretty impressive. The low-end and
               | mid-end parts are excellent and well priced. They do not
               | have a problem in the design department. They are behind
               | on manufacturing and they missed the boat on chiplets,
               | but this is not fatal - yet. Also consider that Intel
               | manufacturing capacity is enourmous, and given the
               | current IC shortage, they can probably sell anything to
               | OEMs. If AMD could source more wafers, the situation
               | might be different, but they can't.
        
               | totalZero wrote:
               | Intel won't do option #2 as a full-on strategy, for the
               | reasons you mentioned and because it ruins their unique
               | value proposition for government subsidy.
               | 
               | But they do need a little bit of option #2, if only for
               | market share defense against competitors. TSMC obviously
               | prioritizes long-term partnership, but in today's demand
               | environment, every wafer that Intel buys is a wafer that
               | AMD (or Nvidia) cannot.
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | Also: if China marches into Taiwan, TSMC is off the map
               | and the world is fuckered. AliBaba has PinTouge fabs
               | which are ramping like mad. Which means China could shut
               | down TSMC and come out on top.
        
               | throwaway6734 wrote:
               | I imagine the TSMC fab would be destroyed before being
               | allowed into Chinese hands
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | And then we'll get a decade-long global chip shortage,
               | instead of a year-long one.
               | 
               | It's a perfect example of cutting one's nose to spite
               | one's face. Also, Taiwan will end up a large, long-term
               | loser of that, as well.
               | 
               | China's ambitions on Taiwan have nearly zero to do with
               | TSMC's presence there. (And everything to do with the
               | past 80 years of history - more specifically, its desire
               | to 'conclude' the civil war. If Taiwan's didn't have a
               | chip industry, the PRC would still have the same
               | _goals_.)
        
               | throwaway6734 wrote:
               | >And then we'll get a decade-long global chip shortage,
               | instead of a year-long one.
               | 
               | Sure and the fabs that get spun up will not be under CCP
               | control which is a clear win.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | How do you think the US (and allies Japan and South
               | Korea) would react if China PR marches into Taiwan?
               | 
               | More importantly what do you think China PR thinks the US
               | will do if it marches into Taiwan?
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | I think the allies would be immobilized with fear? The
               | same way Russia annexed Crimea and nothing happened
               | except stern finger wagging from allies. Little Donnie
               | Dipshit tried to push China around and they laughed in
               | his face. I'm pretty sure that emboldened them.
        
               | Fnoord wrote:
               | Taiwan has a different strategic importance than Crimea
               | or Eastern Ukraine.
        
               | totalZero wrote:
               | Totally depends. If destruction of fabs and
               | infrastructure is a _fait accompli_ , war is less likely
               | than if there is still a chance to save the fabs.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | The US strategy on China is also all about denying China
               | cutting edge chips which makes the dependence on Taiwan a
               | source of precarity.
        
               | SkyMarshal wrote:
               | 3. Intel does exactly what Gelsinger outlined in his
               | recent presentation (did you even watch it?). They fix
               | their process tech (by moving from Immersion to EUV) and
               | catch up with TSMC, they move to a similar "system-on-a-
               | package" design as AMD and catch up on design, they build
               | their new fabs in Arizona and use those to compete
               | against TSMC in the custom fab business.
        
               | helsinkiandrew wrote:
               | Relying on government contracts doesn't sound like the
               | behaviour of a growth company. Government processor
               | technical requirements aren't likely to align with
               | commercial requirements. And low risk government cheques
               | tend to push out any higher risk commercial innovation.
        
               | nr2x wrote:
               | It's working for SpaceX.
        
               | helsinkiandrew wrote:
               | True, but rockets are rockets - and delivering a military
               | satellite into orbit is much the same as delivering a
               | commercial one.
               | 
               | Delivering Military IC's to a contract is very different
               | to creating commercial products suitable for laptops,
               | phones, AI etc.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | This is kind of ironic, because the only reason the
               | semiconductor industry exists as it does today is because
               | massive amounts of defense contracts in the early days of
               | semiconductor manufacturing. The US's massive defense
               | spending sometimes functions in a more productive way
               | than one would guess.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | And arguably today's silicon valley was built on top of
               | this. I mean it's still in the name "silicon".
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I'd be hard pressed to come with an argument that there's
               | any other reason that today's software world is in the SF
               | Bay Area. Government contracts attracted initial silicon
               | startups, noncompetes ensured entrepreneurship, VC
               | developed around the talent, eventually software became
               | bigger than the hardware as the hardware was
               | commoditized. Amazon and Microsoft were successful in the
               | Seattle area, but otherwise the concentration of talent
               | in the SF Bay is hard to beat
        
           | mcny wrote:
           | > I know an engineering researcher who uses a shaft position
           | sensor chip that is also widely employed in EVs. They have
           | been out of stock for months. That little chip could have
           | major implications for many industries and communities.
           | 
           | > "For want of a nail..."
           | 
           | I remember reading an article about how production of Apple
           | Macintosh desktop computers in Texas stopped for the want of
           | a specific kind of screw. If I remember correctly, in China
           | they would have been able to resume work within hours in the
           | worst case.
           | 
           | I have no industry knowledge so no idea of this is true
           | though.
        
             | yakz wrote:
             | The story says they were delivering partial shipments of
             | the tens-of-thousands of screws in their personal vehicles.
             | And also, that they couldn't make as many screws as Apple
             | wanted.
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/technology/iphones-
             | apple-...
        
               | specialist wrote:
               | Hmmm. There's got to be more to this story.
               | 
               | Tim Cook's Apple is a logistics powerhouse. Surely they
               | have full control over their entire supply chain. Every
               | detail planned long ahead of time.
               | 
               | Which screw part was it? Quick scan of all the popular
               | reports doesn't identify the specific screw.
               | 
               | Why not change the design to use a more readily available
               | screw?
               | 
               | Why not make a one time order of a box of screws from
               | China?
               | 
               | Apple regularly provides the capital so their suppliers
               | can ramp up. How much would have cost for that tiny
               | Austin screwer suppler to double production? Probably
               | less than the loose change found in Cook's office couch.
               | 
               | In conclusion, I don't buy this excuse. I dimly recall
               | another report about the struggles the Austin plant had
               | producing the Mac Pros. Bad fit and finish. Long turn
               | arounds because there's no surrounding ecosystem of
               | skills, suppliers, deep experience. Etc. Nothing that
               | Apple couldn't have fixed; they just didn't want to.
        
               | csharptwdec19 wrote:
               | > The story says they were delivering partial shipments
               | of the tens-of-thousands of screws in their personal
               | vehicles.
               | 
               | Sounds about right. When my brother was green in his
               | automotive supply logistics career, there were a couple
               | of times he got thrown on an airplane with a carry-on of
               | parts...
        
               | laurent92 wrote:
               | Sounds terrible for the chain of custody (The aviation
               | had a huge counterfeiting problem in the 1990ies).
        
         | rorykoehler wrote:
         | 2nd hand cars have become 20% more expensive here in Germany
         | this year (anecdotal based on just buying a used car). This is
         | a good move because Intel are being agile and focused on
         | solving a real problem. This speaks well for how they will
         | respond more generally. They know it isn't below them.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | Used cars are expensive in the US right now too. We had a car
           | that wasn't being used very often so my wife suggested we
           | look into selling it. Went to the website of one of those
           | places that gives you an offer online and the offer seemed to
           | good to be true. Took it in to them and walked out with a
           | check for the full amount.
        
         | throwaway4good wrote:
         | So they are going to become a contract manufacturer of +300 nm
         | chips that are sold a few dollars a piece? How is that going be
         | a good business for them?
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | It's a good business for some.
           | 
           | Automotive is sold at n times the markup of commodity chips.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | The auto industry is also moving towards smaller geometry
         | parts. Not least of all is the sensors, self-driving,
         | telematics, radios and such. There are issues in terms of
         | environmental conditions, aging and such, but it is happening.
         | 
         | Conversely, a lot of the trouble with 10nm and smaller
         | manufacturing is that they shrank the transistors but didn't
         | shrink the dies -- or rather, the ones that did succeed didn't
         | "make a giant 5nm CPU" but they decided to make chiplets
         | instead.
         | 
         | If you really could make the monolithic 5nm part it would crush
         | the chiplets in terms of economics since advanced packaging is
         | more like circuit board assembly than lithography. Maybe they
         | can do it now with new pellicles, but today small geometry
         | parts go good with small dies.
        
         | SECProto wrote:
         | > It does not necessarily speak well of Intel's current
         | situation, though, with respect to CPU and memory chips, that
         | they consider this a good move.
         | 
         | They also announced [1] that they were building two new fabs in
         | Arizona a couple weeks ago. There may just be growing demand
         | for shortened supply chain in the semiconductor space (recent
         | trade/tariff wars, chip shortages from offshore fabs, various
         | national security implications)
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/tiriasresearch/2021/03/23/intel...
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Actually, modern vehicle manufacturing is mostly bottle-necked
         | on software and much of the added value comes via software
         | powered by hardware accelerated machine learning. So
         | performance matters, a lot.
         | 
         | Legacy car manufacturers are basically playing catch up with
         | the likes of Tesla (doing their own chips) or Waymo (nvidia, I
         | believe) to fix their supply chain to not have dozens of poorly
         | integrated black boxes so they can actually update them in a
         | sane way. E.g. VW has been struggling in the last year to get
         | that working with the ID3. They are working with Infineon on
         | chips for this apparently. Other manufacturers are facing
         | similar challenges and are getting there with various levels of
         | success. E.g. if you want to update your Kia EV, you need to go
         | to the dealer.
         | 
         | So, the market opportunity for Intel is making performant SOC
         | aimed at these manufacturers that can keep up with the market
         | leaders and can be used while they figure out to get from level
         | 2/3 autonomy to level 5.
         | 
         | There probably is a market for dumb EVs as well without much
         | intelligence but that also implies low margins. Anything ICE is
         | basically what it is at this point. R&D is basically limited to
         | milking those legacy product lines until they are eventually
         | shut down. So that's not a good market for Intel either.
         | 
         | There are plenty of low margin/low performance manufacturers
         | where Intel stands no chance of ramping up to volumes of sales
         | that would compensate for the low margins. So, high end EV
         | manufacturers with some ambitions on the autonomous driving
         | front is the market for this. Anything else does not make sense
         | for Intel.
         | 
         | The only question is if they keep on insisting on x86. IMHO if
         | they do, they are going to fail, again. Like they failed in the
         | mobile market. The right moment to start targeting this market
         | was 10 to 5 years ago. They are already late.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | > Actually, modern vehicle manufacturing is mostly bottle-
           | necked on software and much of the added value comes via
           | software powered by hardware accelerated machine learning.
           | 
           | Really? My major concern with any car I have used ever has
           | never been software.
        
           | whatever1 wrote:
           | Why this obsession with dropping x86? Do we have any evidence
           | that arm offers better performance & thermals at the same
           | processing node? Only one arm chip today really competes with
           | x86 and it is in 5nm node whereas amd is at 7 and intel at 10
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | If the reporting I've read is accurrate, the x86 ISA is a
             | limitation on decoder width. Intel and AMD's attempts to go
             | above 4 parallel decoders have failed. Apple is shipping 8
             | way today.
        
         | hkmurakami wrote:
         | Former automotive R&D guy here. It was quite some time ago but
         | my colleagues in the chip department (we were all new grads at
         | the time) were telling me that they were designing chips with
         | triple redundancy. "Hood Space" is a fierce competition among
         | vendors to get into car models 5 years in the future, but
         | miniaturization needs are nowhere near that of the consumer
         | electronic space (this was shocking to me, having been raised
         | in SV in a family working in the PC industry!)
         | 
         | Fast forward some years later and I was working at a motion
         | sensor company for consumer electronics. Our node sizes were
         | like 40-50nm and many generations behind cutting edge ICs.
         | Lower margins but meaningful volume. Our fab was naturally, you
         | guessed it, TSMC.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | Yes, but making otherwise 180nm+ chips on their still very
         | advanced fabs would've been a disaster unless automotive's very
         | , very fat margins.
         | 
         | It still shows the level of desperation there.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | I should have mentioned that I haven't worked in the
         | semiconductor industry for over a decade, so perhaps something
         | has changed with regard to automotive chips, but that was my
         | understanding at the time I left.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | Or maybe Intel leadership sees the big picture and they're
         | doing their part to help their country.
        
           | lovich wrote:
           | I needed a good laugh today
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | May be it is from Pat Gelsinger, so I am uncharacteristically
         | optimistic about it.
         | 
         | 1. Intel needs to clear Fab Capacity if they were to move to
         | higher node. This is always a problem in the Fab industry.
         | Normally Intel just scale whatever product line up they have
         | that fits.
         | 
         | 2. Car will be the next SemiConductor Battle Ground. It will
         | just be a large computer, lots of sensors with battery moving
         | around. Intel already has MobileEye, they might as well partner
         | with these largest Car manufacture on Chip design for future
         | growth. This is the same play with 5G although Intel seriously
         | messed it up.
         | 
         | 3. It also make political wins and help with their change in
         | direction of Custom Foundry or now called Intel Foundry
         | Services.
         | 
         | For me this is a brilliant move. Assuming they execute it
         | perfectly. Some short term pain and lots of long term gain.
         | Which is what I like. A vision and strategy how they are going
         | to win. Something that was lacking with the previous Intel.
        
         | guessbest wrote:
         | Does this mean they are going to onshore their fabrication
         | plants based on your experience? It seems like CEOs promise
         | that but still go ahead with building plants in countries with
         | cheap labor
        
           | sanxiyn wrote:
           | My understanding is that fab equipments are so expensive that
           | cheap labor doesn't matter. Note that most of Samsung's fab
           | capacity is in South Korea and it has no plan whatsoever to
           | offshore that. Ditto for TSMC.
        
             | MangoCoffee wrote:
             | modern fab is pretty automated. its doesn't required as
             | much labors as other industries. Samsung fab was shutdown
             | during Texas winter storm.
             | 
             | https://www.statesman.com/story/business/2021/03/30/samsung
             | -...
        
             | csours wrote:
             | Most of Samsung's fabs may be in SK, but some of it is just
             | down the street from me in Austin.
        
               | guessbest wrote:
               | I'm near Austin. Where are they?
        
               | csours wrote:
               | Between Pflugerville and Manor. The address is publicly
               | available with a quick search.
        
               | guessbest wrote:
               | 12100 Samsung Blvd, Austin, TX 78754 ?
        
           | totalZero wrote:
           | Dollar for dollar, fab is not as labor intensive as many
           | other forms of manufacturing. Even if it were, the occasional
           | loss of product due to infrastructure problems in
           | underdeveloped areas would offset labor cost. It makes sense
           | to locate in one area where you can count on reliable
           | infrastructure and negotiate good rates due to your massive
           | scale.
           | 
           | Fabs use a lot of water and electricity. Samsung announced
           | that it was considering a new investment in Austin, then the
           | Texas storms hit. A few days later, Samsung announced that it
           | was considering a new investment in Austin or somewhere else.
           | 
           | Intel already operates several fabs in the US and other first
           | world countries so I don't know what onshore would mean in
           | this context, but Gelsinger has made it pretty clear that he
           | believes our best bet is to make chips at American fabs run
           | by American companies. So I guess that is a yes.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | Intel has always (and continues today) had substantial
           | onshore production capacity.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
         | The problem we have ("we" meaning the US and Europe) is that we
         | have allowed a massive portion of the semiconductor mechanism
         | to leave our shores. In a world where electronics are found in
         | just about everything, this is a pretty bad situation to be in.
         | 
         | We are in the process of developing a commercial product that
         | will require manufacturing at a rate of 10K to 20K units per
         | month. When we started this work, semiconductor availability
         | wasn't a significant concern. At the start of this year we
         | started to receive quotes with lead times in the order of 52
         | weeks. Yes, a whole year. Some of the chips we designed into
         | this product became unobtainium.
         | 
         | Well. Not quite. We discovered the supply is plentiful in
         | China. And, of course, pricing is insane. A device that was
         | $0.70 is now over three dollars in China. And, again, of
         | course, the only way you can buy it is if you have your boards
         | manufactured by the supplier. In our case this would mean a
         | contract for 10K to 20K units per month having to leave the
         | prospects of US-based manufacturing --which is already a
         | difficult proposition under normal circumstances.
         | 
         | Never mind roads and bridges. We don't need to touch any of
         | that. We need to dump that money into rebuilding industries and
         | reducing their costs of operation to the bone.
         | 
         | Let me put it this way. Everyone can understand that something
         | like a basic Arduino is a very simple product. In electronics
         | terms, on par with making cloth masks. Well, if you had to
         | manufacture a simple Arduino in the US or Europe today, it
         | would be impossible. Much as is the case for masks, the raw
         | components needed to make such a product are not made in the US
         | and Europe. You might be able to have the raw PCB's made. I
         | would not be surprised if the raw materials for that process
         | were not made in the US and Europe as well (I didn't look into
         | it, so I can't make that assertion). Even if you could make
         | one, the end-user cost would likely be over a hundred dollars
         | per unit (if the components were made in the US and Europe).
         | 
         | That's were we are today. And this isn't going to get any
         | better by fixing roads and bridges.
         | 
         | We need to focus on what is truly important. We needed to do
         | this ten or twenty years ago.
         | 
         | This effort by Intel might not be all it is reported to be. I
         | just hope it is an indication that we are starting to
         | understand what we are standing on...and it isn't solid ground.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | _> Well, if you had to manufacture a simple Arduino in the US
           | or Europe today, it would be impossible._
           | 
           | I think you have no idea what you're talking about. In Europe
           | at least, there are plenty of fabs that make microcontrollers
           | like the Arduino. And the original Arduino boards (w)are made
           | in Italy which last I checked is still in Europe.
           | 
           |  _> Much as is the case for masks, the raw components needed
           | to make such a product are not made in the US and Europe._
           | 
           | In Europe we have also plenty of factories making FFP2 masks
           | (my favorite ones I can buy in Austria ATM come from a brand
           | made in the Czech Republic).
        
             | robomartin wrote:
             | I think you need to read what I wrote more carefully. I try
             | to be precise with my language.
             | 
             | Simple exercise: The bill of materials for Arduino boards
             | is publicly available. Pick a board. Now go source every
             | single component on that board.
             | 
             | Create two spreadsheets. The first would have you source
             | what you can from China. The second would source from any
             | EU country and the US if you'd like and exclude any Chinese
             | made component from the list.
             | 
             | My prediction: You can make 100% of an Arduino in China
             | using Chinese components. You cannot make an Arduino in
             | Europe or the US without Chinese components.
             | 
             | Let's add another layer to this.
             | 
             | Let's say you create a third spreadsheet where you source
             | as many components (and services) as possible from the US
             | and Europe and whatever you can't you get from China.
             | 
             | Now calculate the cost for each case: China only. US/EU
             | only. US/EU + necessary Chinese components and services.
             | 
             | Prediction: The US/EU cost --if it is even possible to do
             | it-- will easily double or triple the cost of that product.
             | The US/EU + China cost won't be competitive at all because
             | the vast majority of the items will have to come from China
             | and you will incur additional costs for producing in the
             | US/EU rather than just facing reality and having the
             | product made entirely in China.
             | 
             | Please note that I am using an Arduino as a super-simple
             | example for the sake of an illustration. It would be wrong
             | to engage in dissecting this simple illustration tool in an
             | attempt to invalidate my claim. This claim comes from
             | decades in manufacturing, where I have faced this question
             | of where I can buy components, assemblies and services.
             | Twenty or thirty years ago sourcing from the US or Europe
             | wasn't horribly difficult. Today, it is frustrating to see
             | just how difficult this is. The problem is real.
             | 
             | Nobody is suggesting 100% repatriation of the supply chain.
             | That is impossible. There is a number between 0% and 100%
             | that would do both the US and Europe much good. I don't
             | know what that number is.
             | 
             | Once you start looking at more "real world" products, the
             | picture gets dark very quickly. Last year we designed a
             | robotic system. Virtually every component that went into
             | making this robot came from China. I think I can say that
             | the aluminum, sheet metal and bearings did not. While I did
             | not conduct a component-by-component survey, I think I can
             | easily say that 95% of the electronic components,
             | connectors, wires, cameras, displays, sensors, pneumatic
             | valves, motors and even the wheels came from China. In
             | other words, if you had to make this robot without China
             | all you'd end-up with is an empty metal shell. That should
             | make everyone take pause.
        
             | yulaow wrote:
             | I think, but I am not sure, that parent was talking about
             | the whole production chain, from raw materials to end
             | product.
             | 
             | For what I remember some(most?) components of arduinos are
             | imported from outside EU. Correct me if I am wrong.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | > _For what I remember some(most?) components of arduinos
               | are imported from outside EU_
               | 
               | So what? A third of iphone components are imported from
               | outside of china. No competitive economy is 100% self
               | sustainable.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | True local self sustainability stopped being a thing in
               | the bronze age.
        
               | robomartin wrote:
               | I am using an Arduino as a simple example. Anyone can
               | look-up the components used to make one, go through the
               | exercise of sourcing them and gain an understanding of
               | supply chain realities in this way.
               | 
               | Generally speaking, products with greater complexity
               | illustrate this problem far better. The problem is it
               | would be impossible for the a reader on HN to dig into
               | this reality due to not having access to the bill of
               | materials, etc.
               | 
               | I have never said I am pushing for a 100% localized
               | supply chain. That would be preposterous. Silly. However,
               | the reality we navigate today isn't good at all. Last
               | year showed the world what can happen.
               | 
               | China is nearly at a 100% single-source position. This
               | varies from industry to industry. And, of course, they
               | are not saying "we have enough, let's stop here", they
               | are laser-focused on bringing in as much business as
               | possible and will absorb as much of the supply chain as
               | possible.
               | 
               | What they have done is admirable and nothing less than
               | remarkable. I don't fault or hate them for it. They work
               | hard and deliver results. They deserve to be where they
               | are.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | Hey is anyone else worried about China halting TSMC and then
       | falling back on their PinTouge fabs? Or am I succumbing to a
       | right-wing fever dream?
        
       | Traster wrote:
       | This is an interesting move - because it seems exceedingly
       | unlikely that they'll be able to extract the same margin out of
       | automative customers that they get with data centre chips. Which
       | means that management in Intel is starting to think about
       | pursuing new markets despite sacrificing gross margin - bad move
       | financially short term for them, but could be very promising long
       | term.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | Automotive actually has better margin that even DC chips. The
         | problem for them will be that the automotive IC market is
         | actually not that big.
         | 
         | A gorilla like Intel will be able to saturate the market few
         | times over if we take all of their capacity.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | I'm excited by the possibility of Intel's recovery from it's
       | long, slow, near death experience.
       | 
       | That being said this is a classic "grab headlines while one may,
       | for by the time the deadline rolls around everyone will have
       | forgotten and the goalposts will have moved"
       | 
       | Intel hasn't seriously been in the low margin embedded chip
       | business in decades (margin starts terrible and goes down from
       | there as product matures and you have to guarantee supply for a
       | long time).
       | 
       | Expect a stock bump though.
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | Why would you expect a stock bump? Aren't they likely to risk
         | loosing a lot of money by shifting their production? I would
         | expect them to be able to make money in long term by doing that
         | shift though.
        
           | lallysingh wrote:
           | Most investors will see "more customers and demand" and add a
           | few shares to their portfolio.
        
             | bhawks wrote:
             | Chip shortages have significantly impacted automakers'
             | ability to meet new car demands recently. Lots of chatter
             | about the problem in the stock market community
        
           | croutonwagon wrote:
           | Their stock hit a 52W high today and promptly fell about 3
           | points today.
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | Speaking as an EE in industry. Most of us won't go near Intel
         | with a 10 foot pole. They have shit on hardware designers in
         | the past and they continue to shit on them now. They literally
         | pump and dump products like Google without a care in the world
         | of sudden discontinuation.
        
         | oddity wrote:
         | This isn't just a headline grabbing move. Even ignoring the
         | obvious geopolitics, this is still beneficial for all parties.
         | Intel, likely, has more idle capacity than TSMC and/or has
         | enough leverage on its own demand (its own chips) to make room
         | if necessary. It's possibly the only player out there that can
         | deliver a 6-9 month turnaround time for the auto industry's
         | needs.
         | 
         | On Intel's side, they desperately need to prove that they can
         | have an amicable relationship with a customer if they have any
         | hope of making their IDM 2.0 model work. This will help them
         | build out the relationships they need, assuming they don't
         | screw it up.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | This is a pretty good strategy to flush out what's slowing down
         | the company. In theory these automakers are willing to pay a
         | premium for what is ultimately a commodity chip this year.
         | Intel will find out quickly who and what is holding them back
         | from delivery.
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | > Intel hasn't seriously been in the low margin embedded chip
         | business in decades...
         | 
         | I don't see this as them getting into low margin chips. This is
         | them selling manufacturing capacity to someone who wants what
         | in ordinary times might be low margin chips. And some of them
         | might not actually be all that low margin; I assume modern cars
         | have one or two computers that are more like smart phones than
         | Arduinos.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Have you ever worked in the embedded space? The technical
           | work is often fun while the business side is miserable.
           | 
           | I worked with Toyota when they were literally trying to shave
           | a Y=100 from the engine control unit of a new vehicle. A new
           | design! Once they entered production they were going to shave
           | the cost even more on the backs of their suppliers.
           | 
           | There's a reason why Intel got out of this business. Ever
           | wonder why AMD can use x86? They got that license back when
           | nobody would design in your part unless there was a second
           | supplier of the identical part. So they got a license _so
           | that Intel could sell parts_. Intel abandoned that world
           | without a backwards glance.
        
             | KirillPanov wrote:
             | > Ever wonder why AMD can use x86?
             | 
             | AMD can use x86_64 because _they invented it_.
        
               | belval wrote:
               | He said x86, not x86_64 (AMD64).
               | 
               | Intel most definitely invented x86 since the x86 is
               | itself a reference to the Intel 8086.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | > Have you ever worked in the embedded space? The technical
             | work is often fun while the business side is miserable.
             | 
             | This is such a perfect description, it make me want to cry.
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | > "literally trying to shave a Y=100 from the engine
             | control unit of a new vehicle. A new design! Once they
             | entered production they were going to shave the cost even
             | more on the backs of their suppliers."
             | 
             | Nothing like the possibilities of massive economies of
             | scale. There's a reason Toyotas are such good values.
        
               | KirillPanov wrote:
               | Wut?
               | 
               | Toyotas are not "good value" because they're cheap --
               | just look at the prices for new Toyota Tacomas! They're a
               | good value because of the exceptional engineering, and
               | they sell at a premium because of it.
               | 
               | People need to stop drinking this stupid "scale is all
               | that matters" kool-aid.
        
           | blihp wrote:
           | Try talking to an American automotive supplier some time...
           | it's generally a lousy business to be in. Fortunately for
           | Intel, it's likely to only represent a tiny sliver of their
           | business and the American autos are pretty desperate right
           | now having emptied a few rounds into their own feet.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | WoodenChair wrote:
         | > I'm excited by the possibility of Intel's recovery from it's
         | long, slow, near death experience.
         | 
         | Intel made 24 billion dollars last year on 78 billion dollars
         | of revenue. It's not exactly near death. 1996 Apple was near
         | death. Intel is having a mid-life crisis at best.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | The problem is fabs need massive scale. If Intel loses the
           | scale it won't have the ability to invest at a good cost base
           | in new generations and risks falling behind.
           | 
           | Profits today, decline tomorrow. Blackberry revenues grew for
           | several years after the iPhone, but they were doomed.
           | 
           | This is Intel's challenge. Present profits are misleading.
           | The CEO recognizes it and they have a good shot of turning
           | things around though.
        
             | totalZero wrote:
             | You can't exactly compare a capital intensive manufacturing
             | company to a smartphone company. The capital assets
             | involved in what Intel does are so substantial that it
             | would take time to unseat them in the best of
             | circumstances, let alone right now when even semiconductor
             | equipment companies are complaining that they can't get the
             | chips they need for their machinery.
        
           | systemvoltage wrote:
           | Intel is _growing_ , just not as much as people expect.
           | 
           | That's how companies now are evaluated. Grow or gtfo.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | Don't even think of trying to pay a dividend or your stock
             | is trash.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | Intel actually pays fairly decent dividends. Always has.
        
               | GlennS wrote:
               | Why would you ever pay a dividend when a stock buyback is
               | more tax efficient for US investors?
        
               | ac29 wrote:
               | Qualified dividends are taxed at the same rate as capital
               | gains in the US. There are benefits to the tax deferring
               | nature of stock buyback induced capital gains, but there
               | are also benefits to being taxed each year along the way
               | via dividends (such as the risk that capital gains tax
               | will go up in the future).
               | 
               | Many companies both pay dividends and do stock buybacks,
               | Intel among them.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Also, think of pension funds, insurance companies and the
               | like - they are huge investors, often pay no tax on
               | dividends, and like the (usual) reliability of dividends
               | so they can pay out cash as needed.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | But they aren't in any way in control of their own growth.
             | See my comment a little above, or simply look at their
             | gruesome financials: https://www.intc.com/news-
             | events/press-releases/detail/1439/...
        
               | fauigerzigerk wrote:
               | Looks more lackluster than gruesome to me. But I think
               | they're going to have to slash their margins to keep
               | revenue from falling off a cliff when data center ARM
               | chips become competitive.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Intel is circling the drain; their revenue masks a deep
           | illness, like a healthy looking person who drops dead of a
           | heart attack at a party. I do think there's a chance
           | Gelsinger can convince the company to turn around. They do
           | have a lot to work with, despite having squandered many many
           | opportunities.
           | 
           | Why do I say sickness?
           | 
           | - Most of their revenue comes from a single product line;
           | every BU reported a revenue decline last year except
           | mobileeye (small) and CCG.
           | 
           | - Their parts are not broadly competitive on performance/W
           | nor raw performance except in diminishing subsectors.
           | 
           | - They have no presence in the largest growing sector:
           | mobile.
           | 
           | - Oh, that "eye-popping" $20B investment in fab over the next
           | three years? TSMC plans to invest _$100B_ in the same period!
           | 
           | Now the Intel of old could probably have pulled out of these
           | problems, but let's look how they got here:
           | 
           | - They have historically been a fab powerhouse, with process
           | years ahead of the competition. But they have repeatedly
           | missed their own milestones for smaller node size and are now
           | (relatively behind or even far behind). They've had to throw
           | in the towel repeatedly over the past few years in this area.
           | 
           | - They've spent time fiddling at the edges (e.g. depth
           | cameras) pouring money into new businesses and then dropping
           | them. Not a bad idea when you need growth and should
           | diversify your revenue stream (look at my first point above)
           | but terrible if you have a 100% whiff rate.
           | 
           | - Of those whiffs above they have had some bad ones, like
           | radio chipsets, when they earlier had said they were counting
           | on them.
           | 
           | - Their architecture appears to be inappropriate for
           | mobile/low power. This is a self-own. They not only had for
           | its time the fastest ARM product line (StrongARM, from the
           | DEC acquisition) but threw it away because they were focused
           | on their high-margin quasi-monopoly x86 line.
           | 
           | - Their partners (Microsoft, Dell, etc) are enthusiastically
           | exploring ARM and Intel at the moment has no counter.
           | 
           | - Their "only the paranoid survive" culture is gone; business
           | decision making has been slow and lazy for more than a
           | decade.
           | 
           | - They are heavily dependent on their partners. If there is a
           | phase change in the market (MS finally ships a decent ARM
           | Windows, Dell produces a decent ARM laptop that runs it),
           | well, bye bye a big chunk of CCG revenue. They could save
           | some share by slashing price, but it's still terrible.
           | 
           | This is why I said it's near death.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | Intel has ~23 billion in cash reserves [1]. MSFT in the
             | 2000s (when lots of people were proclaiming their death)
             | had cash reserves of ~40 billion [2]. Microsoft came back
             | to compete with Apple as the most valuable company. Apple
             | was far closer to death & managed to come back. AMD was
             | routinely having problems competing & managed to stay in it
             | enough to come back as the x86 leader.
             | 
             | Does Intel have a problem? Yes. They know it too. I think
             | you're overlooking how long a runway $20 billion buys you
             | though to correct things & try different strategies. It's
             | also ignoring the huge push within the US government to
             | subsidize silicon manufacturing in the US for political &
             | security reasons, of which Intel will be a huge
             | beneficiary. I fully expect in 15 years Intel will still be
             | a very valuable independent company with a market cap
             | larger than today.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/INTC/intel/cash-
             | on... [2] https://money.cnn.com/2002/04/12/pf/agenda_msft/
        
               | dev_tty01 wrote:
               | I agree that they will probably turn it around, but their
               | annual operating expenses are about $20 billion. $23
               | billion in reserves is not much runway with that burn
               | rate if sales continue to drop. They've got a tough task
               | ahead to get back on a substantial growth curve.
        
               | ac29 wrote:
               | > if sales continue to drop
               | 
               | Intel's sales have increased every one of the past 4
               | years (which is all the data this site shows): https://ww
               | w.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/intc/financials/...
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Yes but look at the segment breakdown:
               | https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-
               | releases/detail/1439/...
        
               | ac29 wrote:
               | Q42020 wasnt great, but for the year only two of their
               | segments were down in revenue, the IOT group and the PSG
               | group (looks like FPGA type stuff). Those were also two
               | of the three smallest groups.
               | 
               | I dont think Intel is necessarily going to have an easy
               | next few years, but they are still a massive company who
               | is growing every year.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | $23B is nothing to sneer at but they're going to put $20B
               | into fabs (while TSMC puts in $100B). Their revenues are
               | also significant but again,mits essentially all from CCS,
               | a declining sector under attack. I hope they make it and
               | they do have resources to put to work, but the odds are
               | against them.
               | 
               | Your rose coloured glasses come from survivorship bias.
               | Apple was a magical story, true. AMD made it but is a
               | tiddler by comparison. Based on history, they're going to
               | need abnormally good luck.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | If you're certain my position is so ridiculous, care to
               | make a wager for cash?
        
               | KirillPanov wrote:
               | That's like the Internet version of challenging him to a
               | duel.
               | 
               |  _I demand satisfaction, sir! Emails at twenty paces. No
               | IRC allowed._
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | I use text only email for combat.
               | 
               | Not as clumsy or random as HTML or MIME; an elegant
               | weapon for a more civilized age.
        
               | agustif wrote:
               | I've been seeing this for years from irc to forums to
               | well, hn.
               | 
               | Maybe it could make a great blockchain/nft startup.
               | DuelUp, put your money where your mouth or in this case
               | (words in text) are.
               | 
               | heh
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Well I have -- haven't owned INTC for a long time and
               | don't own much Intel hardware now either.
               | 
               | More to the point: I would like Intel to succeed but they
               | face long odds. Looking at localized data like top line
               | revenue ignores secular shifts that have been moving
               | against them, and to which they have so far been
               | demonstrably unable to respond.
               | 
               | Looking at just the top line is like deciding how your
               | journey is doing based on your current speed. It's an
               | input but tells you almost nothing on its own.
        
       | MangoCoffee wrote:
       | Is it easy to port a design over and start pumping out chips on a
       | totally different process?. Is it easy to reconfigure an Intel
       | "optimized" production line? Intel only make chips for
       | themselves. Can they reconfigured their fabs to use standardized
       | tool such as EDS software that most fabless and fab use? how long
       | would it take?
        
       | CapriciousCptl wrote:
       | Since these chips presumably don't need 5nm does this mean Intel
       | can use its old lithography machines? That might otherwise be
       | collecting dust or something?
        
       | abductee_hg wrote:
       | how about they make a mobile chip that doesn't suck first?
       | 
       | the 2013 BMW ... if you got the big headunit you had to also get
       | the big AC... why?
       | 
       | there was an extra hose from the AC to the headunit... why?
       | 
       | intel ATOM. that's why.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | Automotive companies love doing this.
         | 
         | Oh, you want auto-park? We bundle that with our premium
         | loudspeakers, it's the "advanced technology pack". Keyless
         | entry? We bundle that with the heated steering wheel.
        
           | teddyh wrote:
           | And high beam assist:
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/_jakegroves/status/1374872023596417024
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/_jakegroves/status/1375002783103995904
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | I bet the engineers at Intel who just found out about this
       | through the public announcement and now have to figure it out are
       | thrilled.
        
         | schraeds wrote:
         | Sounds like the natural progression of their Foundry Service
         | announcement from a few weeks ago.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Philips (NL) is going to have a spectacular financial year
       | outcome, I believe they make a lot of fab line equipment. And
       | anyone else in the space. Europe used to make the things, moved
       | to making the things which make things.
       | 
       | If not philips somebody like philips.
        
         | hkmurakami wrote:
         | You're probably thinking of ASML. They have indeed done great!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Yes. according to the company history web page, co-founded by
           | Philips, who sold down in the 90s and following years sold
           | out.
           | 
           | https://www.asml.com/en/company/about-asml/history
           | 
           | 29% ROI Year to date. nearly 500% on 5 years.
        
             | Avalaxy wrote:
             | If Philips would have held on to all the successful
             | companies they spun off, they would now be worth 5 times as
             | much. They were also one of the largest shareholders of
             | TSMC when they started.
        
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