[HN Gopher] CEO of a top Bitcoin exchange warns: crackdown on cr...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       CEO of a top Bitcoin exchange warns: crackdown on cryptocurrencies
       may be coming
        
       Author : alexrustic
       Score  : 169 points
       Date   : 2021-04-12 16:51 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnbc.com)
        
       | CynicusRex wrote:
       | >I am more confident that nations which turn their back on it, or
       | shut it out completely, will see a loss of otherwise valuable
       | businesses and mindshare.
       | 
       | Mindshare like cancerous greed? Nations turning their backs on
       | crypto"currencies" turn their backs on multi-level marketing
       | pyramid schemes. Good riddance.
       | 
       | "Strong currencies are not the solution to poor governance. Good
       | governance and democracy makes a country and its currency strong.
       | Not vice versa." --halukakin, HackerNews, 2021
       | --https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26105680,
       | https://www.cynicusrex.com/file/cryptocultscience.html.
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | People have been saying this for a decade, and several failed
       | exchanges later plus a few attempts at banning US persons from
       | using crypto, the crackdown has yet to really arrive.
        
         | Alupis wrote:
         | Well, what has changed is we now have CEO's of publically
         | traded companies openly and brazenly participating in crypto-
         | currency pump-n-dump schemes[1] because they are currently
         | unregulated markets.
         | 
         | Now, with major publically traded companies buying up other
         | crypto-currencies, seemingly speculating on their rise in
         | value, we may have a problem that compels some government
         | agency to step in and ensure these organizations are truly
         | acting in shareholder's best interests.
         | 
         | It's not a far stretch to see these events ushering in new
         | crypto regulations.
         | 
         | [1] https://tradetheday.com/crypto-analysis/dogecoin-elon-
         | musk-p...
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | Elon doesn't have to do anything for a pump and dump to occur
           | - unless Tesla buying somehow becomes considered a pump
           | action; if more gullible people or "amateur investors" buy
           | into Bitcoin driving up the price because of whatever
           | reasons, it's not Elon's responsibility to protect them -
           | that is government and the SEC's role.
           | 
           | Elon's said "Bitcoin is almost as much bs as fiat money" - so
           | he likely doesn't see that as end up. Because of this I could
           | see Tesla selling $1 billion worth of EVs via Bitcoin,
           | waiting for that to reach $10-$20 billion+ in value - and
           | then slowly selling off say $4 billion worth to prevent a
           | price crash - and then dumping $10B+ all at once as an
           | experiment.
        
             | Alupis wrote:
             | Perhaps you're right about Bitcoin, but Elon's messaging on
             | Doge Coin was indisputably a Pump-n-Dump scheme. He even
             | egged the SEC to investigate him[1].
             | 
             | Which reinforces my point - actions like this, by today's
             | Tycoons and ultra-wealthy, will usher in a new age of
             | crypto regulations since it is indeed the little guy being
             | hurt by all this.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://markets.businessinsider.com/currencies/news/elon-
             | mus...
        
         | ballenf wrote:
         | Torrents or file sharing in general is maybe a good parallel.
         | My impression of torrenting is that crackdowns have made file
         | sharing a niche instead of mainstream activity. Of course it
         | can't be 100% wiped out, but the general public is now wary of
         | file sharing because the message is out there that it's risky.
        
           | larviz wrote:
           | I think online poker is a good example too.
           | 
           | Online poker never went away but it also didn't take that
           | much to cripple the market to a point it couldn't come back
           | from.
           | 
           | It also somewhat caused all the scams and shady practices to
           | see the light of day.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | I think Netflix/Spotify/YouTube and the like "hurt" piracy
           | more than any legal manoeuvre.
           | 
           | My own piracy would go down another 50% if I had access to
           | free/paid services like in USA. Then there's the time I
           | couldn't play a movie I rented on my TV through Apple because
           | I guess it didn't like my old TV's HDMI interface...
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | I think it has more to do with the fact that for 10-20$/month
           | you can subscribe to Netflix/Spotify and not bother with
           | torrent. That said, torrenting is still alive and well.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | That's true for spotify but not for video streaming. The
             | libraries are too siloed so you could end up shelling out
             | quite a lot buying up accounts for these parallel services.
        
         | lmkg wrote:
         | This statement from the CEO of an exchange about the utility of
         | cryptocurrency for crime reminds me of those old prohibition-
         | era "warnings" on grape juice, that told you to avoid a very
         | specific set of steps or else you would end up creating wine.
        
       | winslett wrote:
       | Instead of killing it by banning it, I suspect they could kill it
       | by buying it.
       | 
       | If the Fed wanted to "invest" in Bitcoin, it would kill it by
       | soaking up liquidity and creating a liquidity-squeeze. Because
       | the amount in circulation is fixed, it wouldn't have to buy all
       | of the Bitcoin -- just enough to kill any utility. This is a
       | downside of an asset with a fixed quantity.
       | 
       | Once the community discovered the liquidity-squeeze spike, it
       | would lead to a run-to-the-exit with a price crash. The short-
       | squeeze spike and crash would spread across alt-coins as well due
       | to rush-in-rush-out and leverage across alt-coins.
       | 
       | Once liquidity is killed, liquidity-squeezed, and a crash
       | happens, the FED / SEC could make it illegal citing volatility
       | and losses of citizens.
       | 
       | The Fed would need to do this discretely and never disclose their
       | purchases. If it became public, the community would probably
       | choose to fork.
        
         | sleavey wrote:
         | The FBI did once own a significant amount of Bitcoin after
         | busting the Silk Road, but auctioned most of it off.
        
         | liquidify wrote:
         | This is nonsense. Bitcoin has not had much utility since 2015
         | when the repo was taken over by people who refused to increase
         | the block capacity.
         | 
         | A purchase of bitcoin by the govt would massively increase the
         | prices. Transaction of value by the big players would become
         | even easier. The high degree of divisibility would ensure that
         | small players could still play. There would be no more
         | liquidity issue than there is currently.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | Can you elaborate on why a "liquidity-squeeze" is bad for
         | bitcoin? It's subdivisible to 8 decimal places, so it's not
         | like reducing the supply would make it harder to transact or
         | anything.
        
         | lambda_obrien wrote:
         | The USG could kill it by using a 51 percent attack; the NSA
         | must have rows upon rows of servers that could be repurposed
         | for a week or two to destroy the market. Split the blockchain
         | every couple of hours into several different versions,
         | eventually there would be little chance to reconcile things.
        
           | arminiusreturns wrote:
           | I theorized back in 2009 that this is exactly what would
           | happen, but instead of having NSA use it's server farms, it
           | would be the central banks using third party cutouts to buy
           | up chunks get to a collective 51 percent. Why I didn't
           | predict that the obvious result would be a runaway market I
           | still kick myself for, because at the time I rejected bitcoin
           | for it's lack of privacy and just moved on...
           | 
           | My current guess is that they are going to pressure all the
           | other coins, and come to some collective agreement after some
           | farcicle fact finding mission ala 1907 to agree there should
           | be some sort of central bank controlled digital coin... which
           | of course they will control, but will lack anonymity. BTC
           | will crash then. (but again, maybe I'm not the best person to
           | listen to on this topic!)
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >the NSA must have rows upon rows of servers that could be
           | repurposed for a week or two to destroy the market
           | 
           | Their general purpose servers are nearly useless for mining
           | bitcoin because their hashrates are orders of magnitude lower
           | than the ASICs that professional miners use. If you want to
           | 51% attack bitcoin you either need an absurd number of
           | general purpose computers (possibly more than all CPUs/GPUs
           | that exist on earth) or pour billions into making hardware
           | that can only be used to mine.
        
             | SubjectToChange wrote:
             | $1B would be more than enough to design and manufacture all
             | the necessary ASICs to cripple the network. They wouldn't
             | even need to do a 51% attack to do so, e.g. selling coins
             | at a complete loss would bleed the other miners white.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >$1B would be more than enough to design and manufacture
               | all the necessary ASICs to cripple the network
               | 
               | Source? Some napkin math using the current bitcoin
               | network hash rate[1] and the price/performance ratio of a
               | yet-to-be-released bitcoin mining ASIC[2] suggests that
               | you'd need $9.5B to take over the network.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.blockchain.com/charts/hash-rate
               | 
               | [1] https://shop.bitmain.com/product/detail?pid=000202102
               | 2419553...
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | I think specialized chips work too well for repurposing other
           | computing capacity to work.
           | 
           | I expect the most effective attacks would go after control of
           | mining capacity, either directly seizing it or taking it
           | offline.
        
           | Karunamon wrote:
           | The NSA/CIA/etc. is precisely why this _won 't_ happen, for
           | the same reason the same are launching no wide-scale attacks
           | to take down Tor - the guys in suits doing questionable
           | government things need anonymity too.
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | Hell, Satoshi Nakamoto probably _is_ the NSA.
        
               | p1peridine wrote:
               | I don't think NSA would include a video poker game in the
               | source code
               | 
               | https://github.com/trottier/original-
               | bitcoin/blob/master/src...
        
               | wil421 wrote:
               | Bingo. I've always thought it was the NSA, CIA, or maybe
               | UK or Israel but I doubt the latter two. Especially since
               | Satoshi's wallet is so large and hasn't moved.
               | 
               | Bitcoin has to make it much easier for 3 letter type
               | agencies to follow money.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Most darknet stuff uses monero and that is... tricky to
               | follow.
        
               | rodiger wrote:
               | Unfortunately it's almost definitely a smart nerd (using
               | this as a compliment here) who passed away.
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | You're claiming that an entity buying up a ton of Bitcoin would
         | crash the price? Do you have any references? I'm not familiar
         | with that economic phenomenon.
         | 
         | Also like others have said, the price is divisible to many
         | decimal places, and with consensus could be updated to be
         | further subdivided.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | But won't you also increase the mining activity if the price
         | shoots up? I'd like to hear more detail on this "liquidity-
         | squeeze" plan.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | That wouldn't affect emission rates (at least in the long
           | term), due to network difficulty adjustments.
        
         | throwaway6734 wrote:
         | Or make it illegal and have the NSA directly attack the compute
         | used to secure it
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | Hah! :)) So naive. No way this is possible. Attacking compute
           | used to secure it means attacking a whole lot of machines.
           | And the people near those machines will patch them. An you
           | need to attack 51% of them at the same time. Even if you
           | manage to do a 2x spend, they will live with it and patch the
           | stuff and people will still use it. Because what is a couple
           | of 2x somewhere along the way compared to the rest of the
           | blocks it secured?
           | 
           | Not to mention of the geopolitical consequence.
           | 
           | No, this "have the NSA directly attack the compute " is not
           | feasible and would only strengthen its position in the long
           | term.
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | If government agencies can hack into and disable secured
             | nuclear facilities (this happened... yesterday), I dont see
             | why it would be "impossible" to attack random Bitcoin
             | mining facilities. When state level intelligence agencies
             | are your adversary, I wouldn't assume you can "just patch
             | it" either.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Oh, it's possible. You hack into, what? One? A couple?
               | But it does not scale up like that. Do you really
               | honestly think you can reach 51% like that? Besides, yes,
               | you can just patch the vulnerabilities. Contrary to
               | popular belief, vulns are not plentiful and are not
               | cheap. Using one kind of burns it. So it would be a
               | _very_ stupid usage of vulns.
               | 
               | Precisely the decentralized nature of BTC makes it
               | impossible to shut it down exactly the same way you shut
               | down a nuclear power plant.
               | 
               | And ok, you 51% the network. Then what? You can't create
               | BTC's or change the rules of the game dramatically,
               | without a fork. so the people on the original network are
               | kind of... meh, at your attack. You could double spend
               | but you need to own the coins you spend, so you shaft a
               | couple of people. What then? I do not think that would
               | kill it, there are cryptos that were 51%'ed (looking at
               | ETH classic) and are still alive and chugging along.
        
             | throwaway6734 wrote:
             | That's assuming that they couldn't attack cooling
             | infrastructure to fry the chips or the fabs making the
             | asics. Also, enough chaos would surely have an impact on
             | the price.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Only psychologically. The mining capacity is driven by
               | the price not the other way around. The rest of the
               | miners not hit would be ecstatic because now they get
               | less competition. The difficulty would self-adjust
               | eventually or new mining would get brought up.
               | 
               | The mined supply is very small compared to the
               | circulating one. Besides, if you were to slow minting, it
               | should drive the price up, not down. :)
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | > spike, it would lead to a run-to-the-exit with a price crash.
         | 
         | why? It would become an even-more-stable store of wealth that
         | way, since people literally cant sell it, but can exchange it
         | for dollar at a very future date.
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | "Whatever you do," cried Brer Crypto, "Don't throw me into the
         | briar short squeeze"
        
       | rspeele wrote:
       | Just as a fun hypothetical to think about... an effective way to
       | crack down on cryptocurrencies would be to do it under the table.
       | Don't make any official policy about crypto other than
       | recommending that US citizens don't invest in it. Attack the
       | crypto ecosystem the way they attacked Iranian centrifuges. The
       | damage is done by the CIA and NSA, not the SEC and FBI.
       | 
       | The goal is not to make it impossible to use crypto but to make
       | it so untrustworthy that nobody wants to touch it. Host mirrors
       | of popular software wallets with hidden malware. Add backdoors to
       | some hardware wallets at the factory. Create trojans that sit
       | quietly and harmlessly until you try to deposit your coins at an
       | exchange, at which point, unbeknownst to you, your compromised
       | browser is displaying the CIA's bitcoin address instead of the
       | exchange's as the place to send your coins. Make smart contracts
       | with increasingly clever obfuscated time bomb backdoors. And it
       | all comes with easy plausible deniability, since any of these
       | tricks could just as well be regular old crypto thieves, highly
       | motivated by the massive "bug bounty" on any exploit, including
       | social engineering, that lets them steal coins.
       | 
       | Of course, the backlash if this was ever found out would be
       | immense. It would basically be the US government operating a
       | cybercrime organization. Many of the victims would likely be US
       | citizens speculating in crypto. It wouldn't be worth it unless
       | the powers that be decided crypto is THAT dangerous to the status
       | quo.
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | They could throw a ton of money into mining, raise the
         | difficulty to some absurd number, then cut it. Rinse and
         | repeat.
        
         | ttul wrote:
         | What's to say CIA and others aren't already operating all sorts
         | of crypto infrastructure? I absolutely guarantee they are. The
         | people who run the financial system are a different group and
         | would not necessarily be aware of what the three-letter
         | agencies are doing.
        
         | seriousquestion wrote:
         | Like the NSA and Snowden, there would be backlash, but with
         | little to no actual effect. Business continues as usual.
        
         | RealityVoid wrote:
         | So just... like... what scammers are currently doing?
        
         | hudon wrote:
         | Indeed, and this may already be ongoing. Programmers find a
         | handful of vulnerabilities in core Bitcoin software every year
         | [0], and there is no way for us to know if those bugs were
         | planted intentionally. Some of these bugs caused the supply
         | inflation to be wildly different than what is claimed (so much
         | for "there can only less than 21mm coins"). We also don't know
         | what bugs currently exist in the software that are or will be
         | exploited. We also don't know if any of the core contributors
         | and influencers in the project actually work for the
         | CIA/NSA/PRC/etc.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposu...
        
       | scandox wrote:
       | To me it's always seemed like money grows from the barrel of a
       | gun. Detaching money from military power sounds wonderful but it
       | makes no sense to me. It seems to defy the very basis of what
       | money is. Tokens handed out by warlords. Only stretched out over
       | such a long time that it isn't obvious any more.
       | 
       | Obviously I am neither an economist nor a political theorist.
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | I always figured that 'naturally arising' currencies, like gold
         | and cigarettes, have two key properties: a) perceived inherent
         | value (e.g., gold by long tradition and whose origins are lost
         | to history, and cigarettes because people want their fix) and
         | b) natural limitations on quantity (and counterfiting: gold has
         | known density, and a fake cigarette is apparent as soon as you
         | try and use it).
         | 
         | The purpose of the gun, it has seemed to me, is to get around
         | the fact that fiat currencies have neither of the above
         | properties, but that both can be enforced to some degree.
        
       | christiansakai wrote:
       | Tangentially related. Cryptocurrency is just a side effect of
       | blockchain. Once blockchain technology matures and if one day we
       | see blockchain to store files and blockchain to run cloud
       | services, then will the US government censor it as well? If they
       | will, how? It is practically impossible. You can upload anything
       | there, including child porn, instructions on making bombs, videos
       | that contain brainwashing propaganda for terrorist groups. You
       | can run your server there, including servers for recruiting
       | terrorists, etc.
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | When they realize, they will kill on/off-ramps into cash and
         | make any transactions not legal.
         | 
         | The software itself they can treat is as malware - blackhole
         | IPs and shutdown any hosts involved.
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | The value of crypto would decrease but never be completely
           | gone. A whole pandora's box was opened and they can't put the
           | genie back in the bottle no matter how hard they try.
           | 
           | If they were to kill the offramps, the ecosystem would move
           | on websites on Tor or I2P that would work P2P, they can use
           | high privacy coins such as Monero or zcash. Or people will
           | trade it in person using escrow systems. It's not like the
           | first BTC trasactions had the privilege of nice exchanges.
           | The possibilities are there. Just the incentives are not yet
           | present.
        
         | arcturus17 wrote:
         | > if one day we see blockchain to store files and blockchain to
         | run cloud services
         | 
         | As a user of both types of services, I don't see what bringing
         | them to the blockchain would do for me.
        
           | christiansakai wrote:
           | Like, uncensored AWS? You are free to run your own Parler
           | without getting booted from AWS?
        
         | RealityVoid wrote:
         | My stance is: forget about this "blockchain" rhetoric thing.
         | What was interesting for cryptocurrencies was the ability of
         | producing scarce, unique, digital assets. That was
         | groundbreaking. Then other cryptocurrencies expanded on that.
         | 
         | Write only data structures themselves are not new and not that
         | valuable on their own.
         | 
         | But the interesting thing is the decentralized, trustless
         | structures it enables. And just pinning that on blockchain
         | sounds bad.
         | 
         | This whole things is still early and it is the basis of _a lot_
         | of speculation. But I see this whole ecosystem enabling a whole
         | new class of self-governing communities, websites and
         | structures, some good, some bad.
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | Give me a blockchain that isn't inherently structured like
           | MLM-Ponzi schemes (and unbiased people who use it not
           | claiming the contrary) and then we're talking.
           | 
           | Likewise, I'd suggest that pinning the problems you suggest
           | are solved with "decentralized, trustless structures" -
           | ignores the fact of reality, the physical world and real
           | trust networks, centralized organizations, that reflect the
           | state of society; Bitcoin et al may be a bridge but
           | attempting to circumvent and ignore the positives of
           | institutions is a bad idea.
        
             | RealityVoid wrote:
             | > but attempting to circumvent and ignore the positives of
             | institutions is a bad idea.
             | 
             | I mean, maybe? I did try to qualify with "some good, some
             | bad", and I am certain some are bad, I'm not some idealist
             | trying to sell you something. It just _does_ enable the
             | possibility of circumventing institutions, and it will keep
             | doing so, no stopping it, IMO.
             | 
             | > Give me a blockchain that isn't inherently structured
             | like MLM-Ponzi schemes
             | 
             | Depending on your definition of "MLM-Ponzi schemes", it
             | could be that the whole of human society might fall under
             | it. Besides, I did mention I am not too fond of the
             | "blockchain" name and think cryptocurrency is much more
             | apt.
        
       | plank_time wrote:
       | I think this is pretty obvious and even mentioned this is a
       | previous comment a few weeks ago. The US government has been
       | saying that crypto is funding terrorism and money laundering. If
       | you can't read the writing on the wall then that's your fault.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | What terrorism? Since 9/11, there have been only two major
         | Islamic terrorism incidents on US soil. The Boston Marathon
         | bombing was by two brothers, and the San Bernardino shooting
         | was a husband and wife team. Both were low-budget operations.
         | 
         | Even 9/11 is estimated to have cost the attackers only about
         | $400K.
         | 
         | What costs is setting up an full-sized army, like ISIS.
        
           | plank_time wrote:
           | People from the US and other countries are sending money
           | abroad via crypto to fund terrorism outside the US
        
             | yunesj wrote:
             | People from the US are sending crypto abroad to feed their
             | families.
        
             | slenk wrote:
             | People from the US and other countries are sending money
             | abroad via cash to fund terrorism out the US
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Wikipedia lists a couple more Islamic terrorism incidents:
           | 
           | * Fort Hood shootings
           | 
           | * 2009 SUV attack at UNC
           | 
           | * 2015 Chattanooga shooting
           | 
           | The DC sniper attacks might also qualify as Islamic
           | terrorism. The perpetrators were Islamic, and their goal was
           | terrorism, but it's not clear that the terrorism was actually
           | perpetrated to further Islamism.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Those are two lone nuts, plus two juveniles on a crime
             | spree. None required significant funding or organization.
             | 
             | There will always be crazies. Although, crazies who can
             | shop at a "Guns Galore" store cause more trouble than
             | unarmed crazies.
        
       | blondie9x wrote:
       | Bitcoin will never be regulated.
        
         | pcora wrote:
         | Would you bet on it?
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | Not OP, but I am. Tell me the bet conditions and the winning
           | criteria. Would take that any day. I'm serious.
           | 
           | I am certain they will at some point try, but fail miserably.
        
         | noxer wrote:
         | It already is. You cant buy one without KYC. Unless you go to
         | "dark" places where you may or may not get scammed. Unless you
         | already have cryoto then ofc you can exchange it but most
         | people need a fiat on-ramp.
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | Don't be silly, of course you can. It's inconvenient, but not
           | impossible. ON/OFF ramps are the parts that they could
           | regulate but the tighter they squeeze, the better the
           | circumvention methods will be. I think HN really
           | overestimates the ability of states to keep this under wraps
           | and underestimate the ability of the ecosystem to adapt.
        
             | noxer wrote:
             | Name one place where you can buy BTC with fiat without KYC.
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | 1) bisq 2) sign up to a kyc exchange. Exchange small
               | amount. Contact someone who is willing to exchange
               | outside of the platform, maybe someone with a high
               | reputation.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | 3) Lose all your money - deserved for being this stupid.
               | 
               | The only reason someone sends you money back after you
               | irreversible send money to them is if they are even more
               | stupid than you.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | Huobi, last I checked. localbitcoins, I think ? ( huh,
               | such a blast from the past - they now have some sort of
               | KYC but I think it's soft)
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | Huobi needs KYC. Localbitcoins is more like localscamers.
        
       | christiansakai wrote:
       | Maybe don't bail out bad actors like in 2008 and we gonna behave,
       | promise.
        
       | drummer wrote:
       | This is exactly why i love projects like MobileCoin and its
       | integration in Signal. We are going to desperately need
       | anonymous, secure and privacy focused payments very very soon.
       | Signal needs to open up payments worldwide as soon as possible.
       | The last problem to fix is making it all decentralized.
        
         | noxer wrote:
         | Everything crypto has KYC now days. I highly doubt you can get
         | that mobilecoin in any relevant quantities without disclosing
         | who you are.
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | Buy monero on some KYC, move it non-kyc and buy whatever.
        
             | noxer wrote:
             | Whats the point? As soon as you buy anything in the real
             | world its connected to you, unless you want your lambo be
             | gifted to someone else with no traceable connection to you.
             | Fine you an buy anonymous gifts with crypto - awesome.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Some discussion from knowledgeable people of what plausible
       | "crackdown" rules would look like would be interesting. The
       | article mentions an ID requirement for transactions above $3k.
       | 
       | Personally, I think the idea of the physical nation state is
       | converting to a global credit score, where instead of transacting
       | across borders, you are transacting across classes of businesses
       | and people, and tarriff and tax policy will be enforced on a risk
       | basis instead of a national border one. Instead of black market
       | electronic transactions, the transaction is just taxed at a
       | higher rate because of the relative social credit score of your
       | counterparty, so your transaction with a non-KYC enrolled wallet
       | would incurr a 100%+ excise liability on your tax reporting. It's
       | the sort of totalitarian idea that is appealing to the sort of
       | people you really need a popular revolt against to unseat, but
       | worth considering what they think about to remove their element
       | of surprise.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | This is an interesting point of view, do you have any sources
         | where I can read more about this?
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | See this comment from a larger thread on CBDCs:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26205741
           | 
           | May or may not be repurposed: https://www.goodhealthpass.org
           | & https://www.lfph.io/ & https://trustoverip.org/
           | 
           | There's been talk of a KYC requirement for all customers of
           | US _web hosting_ because cyber.
        
             | motohagiography wrote:
             | Having worked with more than one of those member companies
             | in that foundation, the one thing I've learned about
             | conspiracy theorists is that what they really lack is
             | imagination and vision.
        
               | walterbell wrote:
               | Identity is necessary but boring. US SSNs were used by
               | third-parties far beyond the original purpose. Any
               | identity system that achieves global scale can be used to
               | anchor a risk score. Which systems do you consider good
               | candidates for global digital identity and credit score?
               | Cryptocurrency exchanges are using driver's license and
               | utility company bills. The IaaS KYC EO basically says
               | "record as much as possible", https://www.steptoeinternat
               | ionalcomplianceblog.com/2021/02/u.... If we take
               | inspiration from online advertisers, no formal "identity"
               | is required, they can construct a profile from online
               | signals, but there would zero legislative recourse for
               | false positives.
        
               | motohagiography wrote:
               | Necessary for whom? Every single use case for assigned
               | identity reduces to enforcement. It is not a consumer
               | product people want, it's a tool to herd people. These
               | companies and so-called foundations are just jockeying to
               | become the next Hollerith.
               | 
               | Identity schemes don't need features or complexity as
               | once you're subject to it, it can be a crappy yellow card
               | or even an arm band you carry with you and present it
               | when it is demanded. The rest is theatre.
        
               | walterbell wrote:
               | I was going to say that identity is useful when replying
               | to a comment on HN :) but you're right that the comment
               | text could stand alone. The poster's identity is only
               | needed for karma sorting and greylisting of comments.
        
       | pmurt7 wrote:
       | Don't shoot the messenger.
        
       | justapassenger wrote:
       | Crackdown on current state of crypto can only help it in the long
       | run, if you actually really believe it.
       | 
       | Right now it's market mostly dedicated to get rich quick schemes.
       | While it works great if you're on top of the pyramid, it's only
       | hurting crypto case for the future.
        
         | puranjay wrote:
         | DeFi has a legitimate use case and NFTs have an astonishing
         | number of use cases. Smart Contracts are an incredible,
         | incredible innovation.
         | 
         | We are at the tip of the iceberg and nothing has been more
         | disappointing than seeing the traditional tech world's
         | dismissal of crypto as "get rich schemes". The tech world is
         | surprisingly as complacent now as the legacy dinosaurs it first
         | helped destroy in the 1990s and 2000s.
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | I think it's somewhat similar to innovator's dilemma, a lot
           | of current tech leaders were once the underdog and now are at
           | the top, so they end up becoming complacent and non-
           | innovators or slow innovators like the companies they
           | replaced.
           | 
           | An example of really cool smart contract usage is borrowing
           | against your crypto, for example, this person/group was able
           | to borrow roughly 340M$ [1], the best part, they didn't even
           | had to provide their name or deal with any other human, all
           | enabled by a smart contract that they can inspect and verify.
           | 
           | 1: https://defiexplore.com/cdp/8463
        
             | samvher wrote:
             | To be honest this trend of borrowing against your crypto is
             | specifically something that makes me very suspicious about
             | the current state of the cryptocurrency world. If crypto
             | crashes 30-50% again all these loans for which collateral
             | is going to be sold would crash the whole market (or am I
             | missing something?). Also it seems way too popular to
             | borrow against crypto and then use that money to invest in
             | crypto as well, creating significant leverage in the
             | market, worsening the problem I mentioned before and
             | inflating the price of crypto compared to its "true" value.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | These are all over-collaterized, so you're usually
               | borrowing up to 30% of your collaterals value, it's
               | nowhere near the 2-20x leverage that you might get in
               | traditional markets or leverage based exchanges.
               | 
               | I think it makes a lot of sense in the current bull
               | market, it probably makes less sense in a bear market
               | unless you're borrowing only up to like 5-10% of your
               | collateral to actually spend on something you need.
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | I find it incredible that someone can code up a strategy
             | for deploying an investment vault, the community, which
             | operates as a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO),
             | can decide to vote on it, and two days later, people can
             | start investing money into it and earning interest - no
             | middleman or manager involved. The investment vault will
             | deploy the capital in different protocols based on the
             | strategy outlined (and voted on by the DAO) automatically.
             | 
             | The automation smart contracts can bring about is scary.
        
           | justapassenger wrote:
           | DeFi main value proposition isn't tech (that's cool) but
           | avoiding regulations.
           | 
           | Blockchain has lots of potentially interesting use cases like
           | NFT, but crypto currency is still not one of them. And by not
           | cracking down on scams in cryptocurrency will only make any
           | future adoption harder.
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | DeFi's main value proposition is the automation of money.
             | 
             | NFTs main value proposition is fractional ownership and
             | assertion of ownership rights in a transparent manner.
             | 
             | Imagine owning 1% of a Drake song - and getting paid 1% of
             | the royalties every time it plays on Spotify. Or creating a
             | yield earning strategy that automatically moves money
             | around based on fixed paramters without ever interacting
             | with a banker or fund manager.
        
               | thinkmassive wrote:
               | Scott Galloway has an interesting take on this,
               | predicting it's only a matter of time before some
               | prestigious institutions and brands jump on the
               | bandwagon:
               | 
               | https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/04/unified-monetary-
               | the...
        
               | CharlesW wrote:
               | > _DeFi 's main value proposition is the automation of
               | money._
               | 
               | That's a potential value proposition of any currency
               | which can be manipulated digitally. Whether it's
               | distributed or not is an implementation detail.
        
               | tcgv wrote:
               | Indeed, but the bar for "automating money" in traditional
               | finance is extremely high due to not only legitimate
               | regulatory reasons but also to large banks and
               | institutions trying to preserve their power/dominance.
               | 
               | In DeFi anyone can automate money. For instance, for the
               | past few months I've been building an experimental
               | options exchange [1] in my free time, which would be
               | impractical on traditional finance.
               | 
               | [1] https://docs.defioptions.org/
        
               | jonfw wrote:
               | The reason we don't have fractional ownership of pop
               | songs is because that's a bad idea, not because we can't
               | figure out how to organize it.
        
               | ac29 wrote:
               | David Bowie famously did securitize the rights to his
               | songs for 10 years (1997-2007):
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bowie-bond.asp
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | >NFTs have an astonishing number of use cases
           | 
           | NFTs are the equivalent of trading cards or video game
           | lootboxes. They enable a form of conspicuous consumption
           | whereby you conjure up value by slapping a digital signature
           | on something and creating artificial scarcity.
           | 
           | From the perspective of the state none of these instruments
           | improve supply chains, enhance military or state capacity,
           | increase productivity or growth. NFTs basically enable the
           | uber wealthy to sell original versions of their artworks or
           | whatever, they have no impact on real world innovation or
           | mass commodity production.
        
             | arisAlexis wrote:
             | Art is only one use case. NFTs can represent land
             | ownership, driving licenses etc.
        
               | Barrin92 wrote:
               | sure but putting a license on the internet isn't that
               | innovative. Our driers licenses are pretty good and
               | pretty cheap, and we've proven land-ownership over
               | generations pretty well. This is not world-changing
               | stuff.
               | 
               | If you want radical innovation build some robots that
               | make house construction 90% cheaper, whether the license
               | for my house is printed on paper or a blockchain doesn't
               | matter to anyone.
               | 
               | NFTs and virtually any crypto tool have no impact on the
               | material world, and we very much still live in the world
               | of atoms.
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | Traditional tech innovation was predicated on doing things
           | more efficiently (sometimes orders of magnitude more
           | efficiently) using new technology, thus disrupting
           | incumbents. Blockchain reverses this completely by doing
           | simple things, like changing numbers in a database, for
           | orders of magnitude more computational (energy) cost. Until
           | someone squares this circle I will continue to be skeptical.
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | Have you looked into newer consensus mechanisms that
             | consume vastly less energy - like Proof of History - that
             | blockchains like Solana use?
             | 
             | The whitepaper should make for an interesting read:
             | https://solana.com/solana-whitepaper.pdf
        
       | puranjay wrote:
       | HN is boomer central when it comes to crypto. Haven't had a
       | single enlightening discussion about it here.
       | 
       | I see a lot of misconceptions about scams and pump and dump
       | schemes carried over from the 2017 run, and complete neglect of
       | the innovations created since.
       | 
       | If anyone wants a refresher, I'm always willing to chat. I will
       | also write a primer to help get folks up to speed on what's the
       | latest in crypto.
        
         | arcturus17 wrote:
         | Yea no I've seen plenty of you folks talking about recent
         | innovations in crypto and I'm just not persuaded that any of it
         | is remotely useful other than maybe store of value and
         | certainly speculation.
         | 
         | I'm not a boomer, and I even own a decent position in BTC /
         | ETH.
        
           | puranjay wrote:
           | I'll give you an example.
           | 
           | The most "mainstream" revolutionary idea in crypto right now
           | is automated market makers (AMMs) like Uniswap. These
           | essentially allow anyone to create a "pool" to trade between
           | two assets and earn fees from it.
           | 
           | You can tokenize any asset, pair it with a liquid token (such
           | as ETH or USDT) and offer it to anyone to trade while you
           | earn fees. Or you can join an existing, popular pool (such as
           | between wBTC-ETH) and earn fees on any trades that happen on
           | it.
           | 
           | Essentially, anyone can:
           | 
           | - Create a decentralized exchange economy
           | 
           | - Participate in existing exchange economies with _any amount
           | of capital_ and earn fees from it
           | 
           | The latter part is important because that's been the purview
           | of banks. Countless trades happen between currency pairs
           | daily. Banks earn all the fees because they supply all the
           | liquidity. You can't participate in that market even if you
           | wanted to (or unless you had tens of billions in capital).
           | 
           | AMMs turn that around. You could have $1 worth of liquidity
           | but you can still earn fees on it.
           | 
           | This is the first time in the history of finance that
           | creating and participating in exchange economies has been so
           | cheap and accessible. I think that alone is revolutionary. It
           | makes previously inaccessible financial avenues available to
           | the little guy
        
         | RealityVoid wrote:
         | Go ahead, post them. I think there are _some_ and I think
         | crypto is really, bigger than most people give it credit. But
         | there is a lot of crap and hype out there.
         | 
         | But just posting them instead of threatening would lead to
         | better discussion overall.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | > use of bitcoin for money laundering, terrorist financing and
       | other illegal activities.
       | 
       | Bullshit. It's being used to get around the fucking enormous 33%
       | taxes levied on the middle class to support Democrat and
       | Republican donor's lifestyles.
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | Are you saying that the U.S. middle class starts at $163/326k
         | of taxable income?
        
         | machinecontrol wrote:
         | For anyone thinking to do this, it's a terrible idea. Bitcoin
         | has a public ledger that is around forever. It is much easier
         | to trace than cash or offshore bank accounts.
        
       | GoodJokes wrote:
       | Does this mean I buy or sell?
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Capture US regulatory agencies while you can.
       | 
       | This has already had varying levels of success with the Chief
       | Legal Officer of Coinbase being the acting chair of the OCC and
       | telling banks it was okay to custody crypto and settle
       | transactions on cryptocurrency networks instead of just SWIFT,
       | ACH, FedWire
       | 
       | There are some at the SEC, and the new SEC chair was pro-crypto
       | when he was previously the chair of CFTC
       | 
       | Cabinet level positions and the Federal Reserve and Treasury
       | would be ideal
       | 
       | If this is important to you, you don't have to be just a passive
       | holder or entrepreneur. Use your platform to assume power. Make
       | the world as comfortable for your generation as older generations
       | did for themselves.
        
         | PaywallBuster wrote:
         | Crypto exchange owner was 2nd biggest donor to Biden campaign
         | https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/02/sam-bankman-fried-bi...
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Great, yeah a lot of crypto builders thrive in power vacuums.
           | So the Trump administration was convenient for the 2017
           | bubble, as a debilitated SEC was necessary for the token
           | launches that made issuers millions (and billions). And a
           | paralyzed Congress was necessary to get non-establishment
           | people confirmed who will last many administrations. All of
           | that lost its utility by 2020 as the outcomes were mostly
           | solidified and favorable.
           | 
           | I would say it is slightly more than moderately successful.
           | 
           | The SEC still hasn't approved a digital commodity trust yet
           | ("bitcoin ETF") but enough wealthy people are involved now
           | that have created surrogates that it isn't as important.
           | 
           | Maybe some college kid in the late 2020s will make some
           | Netflix conspiracy documentary about the "revolving door in
           | crypto", I would call that success.
        
             | medvezhenok wrote:
             | There is also an interesting argument about crypto being a
             | convenient drain for excess liquidity in the system
             | (injected by the stimulus), which is why it's not being
             | regulated too heavily.
             | 
             | If stocks & crypto were less appealing, perhaps we would
             | all experience higher velocity of money & inflation since
             | demand would turn to "real assets".
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | > which is why
               | 
               | Extrapolating any competence from policy makers on this
               | is a bit too fantastic of a conclusion at this point in
               | time. Cryptocurrency just does not have an adversarial
               | relationship with the US government, and the musings of
               | some policy makers that create existential threats just
               | are not the opinion of an amorphous entity (which also
               | doesn't exist). The longer the rest of us are familiar
               | with the technology, the more likely the gradient shifts
               | to a less and less probability of adversarial
               | relationship with the US government.
        
         | rawtxapp wrote:
         | Square, Fidelity and Coinbase joined together to start lobbying
         | group [1].
         | 
         | 1: https://seekingalpha.com/news/3679495-square-fidelity-
         | coinba...
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | The existing crypto lobbying groups were able to get bi-
           | partisan support and co-sponsors for their bills but couldn't
           | get Congress to focus enough to pass things. They got Wyoming
           | and some western states to pass favorable state-level laws
           | though.
           | 
           | Let's see how this one does.
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | _Capture US regulatory agencies while you can._
         | 
         | I'd perhaps quibble a bit to say US financial regulatory
         | agencies can't be captured in the fashion of traditional
         | regulators (where the "revolving door" is awful). This is
         | because they were "captured from the beginning", operated
         | specifically for the benefit of large financial firm from the
         | very start. The Federal Reserve isn't even a traditional agency
         | but public, private partnership ("has a 'unique structure that
         | is both public and private'). EPA theoretically protects "the
         | environment" a thing outside markets. Financial regulators
         | protect markets. Protecting markets is completely compatible
         | with protecting the profits of the largest players in the
         | markets. So it seems logical regulators will remain "objective"
         | in their assessments.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | I'd say they can.
           | 
           | Enforcement divisions have sole heads who can make unilateral
           | decisions that the commissioners never review.
           | 
           | Commissioners and Chairs can make make rulings favorable or
           | ignore making unfavorable rulings, they can do anything they
           | want regardless of what happens during the comment periods.
           | 
           | The CFTC, OCC, CFPB all have single head directors. The SEC
           | has up to 5, and the FRB is the most decentralized but its
           | Board of Governor's head is the primary sole signal to the
           | international market on this entire planet regardless of how
           | much they actually do behind the scenes. The Treasury doesn't
           | have to be adversarial either, no matter how much it wants us
           | to tie our national identity and ego to its currency, not all
           | Treasuries or Central Banks have this concern.
           | 
           | Right now, crypto related topics are either ignored or
           | adversarial. Crypto related topics can be collaborative or
           | simply favorable.
           | 
           | Capture in this context (and all contexts of regulatory
           | capture) just mean that someone joins for a certain purpose,
           | does all of the other tasks correctly and with high
           | competence, but also makes sure their single issue is
           | protected.
        
         | InsaneOstrich wrote:
         | This all sounds incredibly nefarious
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Every other industry in the country being an instruction
           | manual.
           | 
           | If you ever thought this was going to be about a multi-decade
           | long organic merchant adoption story, you were gullible af.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | "Make the world as comfortable for your generation as older
         | generations did for themselves."
         | 
         | Make the world as comfortable to the early adopters
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | "Make the world as comfortable for your generation as older
         | generations did for themselves."
         | 
         | Make the world as comfortable for the early adopters [weighted
         | from latest to earliest, so long as you're not left holding the
         | bag] as the older generation had [before regulatory capture via
         | industrial complexes and automation pooled more and more money
         | to fewer and fewer]; FTFY.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | speculation drives innovation.
        
       | kasperni wrote:
       | With all of the effort spend worldwide on money laundering,
       | terrorist financing, and transfer of funds regulations. I find it
       | very hard to believe that someone won't come after
       | cryptocurrencies at some point. None of these regulations make
       | any sense if you can just wire the money through crypto instead.
        
         | pmurt7 wrote:
         | Do you really think that terror organizations like Isis use
         | Bitcoin to buy weapons? No, they use goold old USD.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kasperni wrote:
           | Not only do I think they do, I know they do [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/global-disruption-three-
           | terro...
        
         | mam2 wrote:
         | The market is too big now to come after it.
         | 
         | Plus, if you use monero + vpn you are basically untraceable.
        
       | system16 wrote:
       | Is the timing of this statement a coincidence, or is it possibly
       | a jab to take the wind out of the sails of another top exchange
       | set to go public in two days?
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | Judging by the market's non-reaction to this, I'm going with
         | the latter.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | Coinbase's IPO isn't until Wednesday.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | I'm talking about bitcoin prices
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | This was expected, crypto is essentially a weapon against the
       | dollar. However i m not sure if the world's economies will go
       | along with it. Maybe europe (which usually drags itself behind
       | the US) but i m not sure the rest of the world would want to
       | begin the post-covid era with even more dependence on US.
       | 
       | In any case, good news for binance, bad news for coinbase
        
       | goonogle wrote:
       | I really want someone to ask Janet "do you have plans to ban Cash
       | transactions because they are used for illicit activity?"
       | 
       | I would guess USD inflation is far worse than expected and they
       | know Bitcoin's initial intended purpose (as an alternative to
       | government money) has come to fruit.
       | 
       | It just sounds better to use the illicit boogy man.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Do you need to ban cash if you simply phase it out of
         | existence? Turn up instant payments, and any notes turned in at
         | banks and to the government get shredded. Look to China and
         | Sweden [2] for foreshadowing of digital currencies and the
         | eventual deprecation of physical notes.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.google.com/search?q=china+cashless
         | 
         | [2] https://www.google.com/search?q=sweden+cashless
        
         | riskneutral wrote:
         | > I really want someone to ask Janet "do you have plans to ban
         | Cash transactions because they are used for illicit activity?"
         | 
         | There are already existing controls on cash transactions. If
         | you deposit cash in a bank account, you need to prove your
         | identity and you're subject to anti-money laundering
         | surveillance. Securely transporting and storing large amounts
         | of physical cash, outside of a bank, is very difficult. I
         | imagine that making or receiving large payments with physical
         | cash is often impossible or would attract a lot of attention
         | from authorities and perhaps even criminals.
         | 
         | > I would guess USD inflation is far worse than expected and
         | they know Bitcoin's initial intended purpose (as an alternative
         | to government money) has come to fruit.
         | 
         | Gold can play the same role, and has been banned in the past,
         | but is unlikely to be banned again. The more likely story is
         | that there are serious money laundering and terrorist financing
         | risks posed by Bitcoin's intended purposes, and governments are
         | trying to figure out how to get a hold on the national security
         | / law and order situation without being to heavy handed.
        
         | gpapilion wrote:
         | To flip this a bit, how much of bitcoin usage is non-
         | speculative, and for legal purposes?
         | 
         | I actually think the speculative issue is a bigger concern for
         | the fed, then the legality. It's an commodity w/ very little
         | utility, but a high degree of poorly regulated investing. In
         | addition its used to funnel payments for illegal activity.
        
       | knorker wrote:
       | Let's hope.
        
       | chadash wrote:
       | You can argue that cash is also used for a lot of illegal
       | activity and you would be correct, but that misses an important
       | point, which is that cash has been with us since our country's
       | founding and from a political point of view it would be nearly
       | impossible to ban it, even if doing so would be a sensible
       | policy. Cryptocurrency is still in the infant stages and banning
       | it wouldn't entail nearly as much of a backlash.
        
         | rawtxapp wrote:
         | I think you're underestimating how many people own/are into
         | crypto. A quick look into Coinbase's S1 alone shows that tens
         | of millions of people in US have accounts with them and they
         | are custody-ing billions of $ of institutional coins.
         | 
         | And that's just Coinbase, ignoring Robinhood, Cashapp, Gemini,
         | GBTC and lots of other exchanges and custody which have very
         | significant volumes as well.
        
       | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
       | How?
       | 
       | How do you 'crack down' on a currency that doesn't require any
       | existing state or bank controlled apparatus to operate? Other
       | than the exchange point, which private exchanges for cash can
       | circumvent, how do you crack down on what is essentially math
       | conducted via computers that everyone has access to?
       | 
       | Neither the article, nor the linked one from December say.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | You (government currency regulators) make it illegal to convert
         | fiat to crypto, and then monitor crypto ledgers for that last
         | bit of folks who still attempt to use crypto. When exchanges
         | break the law, you ship the folks who own the exchange to jail
         | [1]. Crypto folks think they're the former cartoon panel, when
         | it's really the latter how nation state enforcement works [2].
         | Governments crack down on money laundering with fiat all. the.
         | time. Playing with fiat amounts more than $10k at a time?
         | That's a currency transaction report (CTR) [3]. Try to avoid
         | the CTR? That's structuring [4], also illegal, and a suspicious
         | activity report (SAR) [5] is filed. So, when the question is
         | asked, "how do you crack down on crypto?", the answer is "with
         | the monopoly of force governments possess."
         | 
         | [1] https://www.google.com/search?q=crypto+exchange+jail
         | 
         | [2] https://xkcd.com/538/
         | 
         | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_transaction_report
         | 
         | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuring
         | 
         | [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspicious_activity_report
        
           | puranjay wrote:
           | All this will do is compel companies to move to crypto
           | friendly countries. China squeezed down on crypto. Chinese
           | exchanges just moved their headquarters to Malta.
           | 
           | When you start getting into DAOs and their legal status and
           | everything starts becoming murky.
           | 
           | Crypto has truly some of the most exciting developments
           | taking place in the world today at the intersection of art,
           | finance, law and economics. The quality of discussion on HN
           | about crypto is woefully out of touch.
        
             | 1996 wrote:
             | > The quality of discussion on HN about crypto is woefully
             | out of touch.
             | 
             | Given most of the comments I read, I'd say HN is aging out
             | - like facebook median age > snapchat > tiktok
             | 
             | Now I wonder what the replacement is - it must already
             | exist! We just don't know about it yet.
        
           | bruiseralmighty wrote:
           | I find the whole line of reasoning in the xkcd comic quite
           | amusing when it comes from crypto 'shorters'. Admittedly, I
           | am on the 'long' side when it comes to crypto and
           | decentralization.
           | 
           | Suppose your government actually had to act this way in order
           | to crack down on cryptocurrencies. Every prison would have
           | its own Guantanamo bay for torturing private keys out of
           | cryptocurrency users. And this is is portrayed as some kind
           | of win or gotcha in the comic. The non-violent offenders
           | glutting the prison system would sky rocket as judges have to
           | hold people in contempt indefinitely for not giving up
           | private keys(this has already begun happening in the US).
           | 
           | "Well you forgot to account for all the knees our liberal
           | democracy would be willing to break!"
           | 
           | If that's what it takes then you've already lost. This is the
           | private fantasy of a lot of individuals long on crypto and
           | the broader decentralized trust-less ecosystem. Because the
           | _implied_ threat of force is often a much stronger form of
           | social control than the _actual_ use of force itself; which
           | is expensive, unpopular, and broadly illegal in developed
           | countries.
           | 
           | The ideology of this decentralized ecosystem mocks the myth
           | of the benevolent nation-state prosecuting 'criminals' on
           | behalf of its 'citizens'. A nation-state with the power and
           | will to exist in such an ecosystem would be the most cruel
           | and invasive authoritarian regime in human history. Any
           | reasonable person can conclude that it _ought_ not to exist.
           | 
           | So I say let the money laundering commence. Or people will
           | leave. Or they wont be allowed to.
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | If only there were an international, barely regulated network
           | that allows people in one country to interact with people in
           | another.
        
             | kec wrote:
             | you can't reliably opt-out of laws in the place where you
             | physically reside, especially where money is involved.
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | You can't reliably restrict what you can't see
        
               | kec wrote:
               | At some point you need to convert your crypto gains back
               | to fiat to actually use it, especially in the
               | hypothetical case where crypto trade is banned locally.
               | The IRS/FBI/etc are not going to arbitrarily constrain
               | themselves when trying to go after folks who do this.
        
               | puranjay wrote:
               | Nigeria banned banks from trading in crypto, killing off
               | the fiat.
               | 
               | Nigerians just started making telegram and whatsapp
               | groups, made codenames for different coins and traded
               | them for cash or bank transfers.
               | 
               | Unless you decide to bank commerce and phones and the
               | internet and talking to your neighbor and running a
               | computer, you can't ban crypto.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | This only protects you if the government is powerless or
               | chooses not to target you. In the other cases, what
               | happens is that banks and other businesses are required
               | to report transactions and, since a blockchain helpfully
               | gives the police a full signed transaction log, anyone
               | who is arrested is going to in turn give the police leads
               | on everyone they've ever exchanged money with.
               | 
               | In that world, using cryptocurrencies has a high risk
               | factor: do you trust the other party to go to jail rather
               | than identify you, or that they have personal security
               | good enough to even be able to prevent that? Simply using
               | an unapproved payment mechanism, much less one of the
               | ones which tries to provide some anonymity (fewer will
               | deliver in practice), will likely be seen as proof of
               | intention to commit financial crimes and ... I sincerely
               | hope you can convince them that you aren't hiding
               | something they haven't yet scared you into confessing.
               | 
               | This is not a recipe for a functioning economy.
               | Technology can't fix social problems like that and the
               | vast majority of people making claims otherwise won't
               | personally be affected but are recklessly endangering
               | anyone who makes the mistake of trusting them.
        
               | kec wrote:
               | What you're describing is laundering, so now you're
               | committing two crimes. I wouldn't bet against the
               | government taking an interest once values being exchanged
               | are large enough.
        
               | puranjay wrote:
               | What I'm describing is free trade.
        
               | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
               | >At some point you need to convert your crypto gains back
               | to fiat to actually use it
               | 
               | Except you don't. It's a currency. Just because it's hot
               | right now and people are treating it like an investment
               | doesn't change the fact that it's a currency itself. You
               | don't need to convert it to anything. It was literally
               | built to be a currency free from bank/government control.
               | That was the whole point.
               | 
               |  _The sole criterion for the viability of a currency is
               | acceptance in trade._ It doesn 't require government,
               | bank, or sign off by any authority. If people accept it
               | in trade, it's a currency and it's viable. Just because
               | other, older fiats are more mainstream currently doesn't
               | change that fact one iota.
        
               | yladiz wrote:
               | Okay, sure, let's consider it a currency for the sake of
               | argument. I would posit that if I can't easily exchange
               | my crypto into a form that I can use to pay taxes with,
               | or buy groceries with, that it's a useless currency, and
               | so people will be able to but won't want to accept it in
               | a trade. Currencies aren't useful simply because they
               | _can_ be traded, they're useful because they _can_ be
               | trusted.
        
               | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
               | It is a currency. I've bought stuff with it. There's
               | literally a BTC ATM in my local liquor store. There's a
               | famous strip club(!) in Portland that accepts BTC. There
               | many, many more examples: https://coinsutra.com/who-
               | accepts-bitcoins/
               | 
               | >Currencies aren't useful simply because they _can_ be
               | traded, they're useful because they _can_ be trusted.
               | 
               | If people trade them, it's because they _already_ trust
               | them.
               | 
               | That's why I said 'sole criterion'. Say you think fiat
               | currencies, and the USD is a terrible and untrustworthy
               | currency. The market doesn't care. It's viable because
               | it's accepted. Acceptance in trade is all that matters.
               | 
               | Another example: Baby food is as good as cash to drug
               | dealers. The implications of that are disquieting, but
               | don't change the fact that it's true one bit.
               | 
               | When it comes to a currency, acceptance in trade trumps
               | all. Nobody's feelings or long held beliefs matter in the
               | slightest. The growing acceptance of crypto is _why_ it
               | 's become seen as an investment, not the other way
               | around.
        
               | kec wrote:
               | I'm speaking in the hypothetical where crypto is
               | regulated or banned. If you can't legally use it to trade
               | where you physically reside you either need to convert to
               | fiat overseas or buy your physical goods or services
               | overseas. In either case the government isn't going to
               | turn a blind eye "just because".
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | Currencies derive their value _from_ government control.
               | That 's why BTC is an investment, not a currency.
               | 
               | Until and unless the IRS accepts tax payments in a
               | cryptocurrency, they won't be used in the mainstream
               | economy.
        
               | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
               | >Currencies derive their value from government control.
               | 
               | There are countless examples that prove this false. World
               | of Warcraft gold, EVE Online ISK, BTC, Ethereum,
               | Dogecoin, baby food, etc. There are literally jobs in
               | developing countries where farming in game money is a job
               | that pays their bills. Yet we both know that no
               | government is in control of those currencies.
               | 
               | >Until and unless the IRS accepts tax payments in a
               | cryptocurrency, they won't be used in the mainstream
               | economy.
               | 
               | I'm surprised they don't already. They're already used in
               | mainstream economy if you count buying things on amazon
               | or Subway.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | > There are literally jobs in developing countries where
               | farming in game money is a job that pays their bills
               | 
               | Do they pay their bills in World of Warcraft Gold or
               | local currency?
               | 
               | (That actually illustrates the distinction between tokens
               | that _might_ have value to speculators and currency quite
               | nicely)
        
               | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
               | It's not speculation though. They literally sell one
               | currency for another. That they have value is a given, or
               | they wouldn't be able to exchange one the other. (notice
               | how it doesn't matter which currency is which in that
               | sentence?)
               | 
               | Acceptance defines value. No other factor trumps it.
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | That's exactly my point. They're mining a commodity, not
               | a currency.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | Consultant32452 wrote:
         | Taxes. They make a sacrificial lamb out of a few high profile
         | tax dodgers. All the power structure has to do is convince
         | norms that crypto is scary/dangerous/tax risk and they will
         | have done their work. I think someone else made the torrent
         | analogy. The crackdowns on torrenting were quite successful.
         | They scared the public with some messaging, made a big noise
         | about canceling regular people's internet service, etc.
         | Torrenting has ben kept as a niche instead of mainstream.
         | That's all the power structure needs, it doesn't have to
         | completely kill crypto.
        
         | rawtxapp wrote:
         | You block on/off ramps and lose a lot of important information
         | on these transactions, the people involved and tax revenue,
         | seems like a losing proposition, but definitely doable. You
         | can't stop people from running a software on their computer
         | short of shutting down the whole internet, even then, there are
         | satellites with the blockchain data now, so it'd be really
         | hard.
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | Satellites are the easiest thing to ban. Sure, the govt has
           | the tech to jam/shoot them down, but they're also almost
           | certainly associated with a real person with a real bank
           | account and a real door they can knock on/down depending on
           | their cooperation.
        
             | rawtxapp wrote:
             | Sure, I guess my point is there will always be some kind of
             | functional messaging in place.
             | 
             | If people can communicate any message, they will be able to
             | communicate the blockchain data. Satellites, p2p networks,
             | ham radio, but again, I don't think we'll ever see a global
             | internet shutdown _just_ to shutdown BTC.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | I disagree. Take the war on drugs. They can't get rid of
               | them, but they can make everybody sad. And that's the
               | real world, which is harder to intercept.
        
         | nrmitchi wrote:
         | > Other than the exchange point, which private exchanges for
         | cash can circumvent
         | 
         | "private exchanges for cash" (that really would have to happen
         | in person) will never, ever, replace the scale at which an
         | online exchange that can deposit money straight to a bank
         | account will.
         | 
         | The goal of a "crackdown" is never to eliminate something 100%
         | (because as you noted, that is impossible).
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | Consider that the government doesn't need to attack
         | cryptocurrencies at the source because they already have full
         | control over their own citizenry. There are plenty of things
         | the government could do to coerce citizen compliance. Yes,
         | "illicit" activity will still happen but if the goal was to
         | harshly crackdown on things like Bitcoin they will have
         | succeeded.
        
       | liquidise wrote:
       | > U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and other officials have
       | warned about the use of cryptocurrencies for illicit
       | transactions.
       | 
       | Wait until you hear about cash.
       | 
       | More seriously (and hopefully less reductionist) i feel nations
       | who embrace cryptocurrencies early will see mixed results as the
       | landscape matures. I am more confident that nations which turn
       | their back on it, or shut it out completely, will see a loss of
       | otherwise valuable businesses and mindshare.
       | 
       | Whatever your stance on cryptocurrencies are, what is of little
       | dispute is the business opportunities they have created. Binance
       | and Coinbase are large, successful companies. Poloniex was sold
       | for ~400M.
       | 
       | Knowing the US has soured on cryptocurrencies doesn't make me any
       | less interested in them, it just makes me less interested in
       | holding them/working in the space on US soil. I'd be surprised if
       | i were alone in this sentiment, and in spite of its negative
       | reception on HN, the tech space around cryptocurrencies is quite
       | literally growing as we speak.
        
         | throwastrike wrote:
         | I am sorry but that's a very weak argument about cash being
         | involved in illicit transactions. As it stands right now cash
         | is still TANGIBLE. If you want to launder cash you still need
         | to be physically present. Crypto not so much.
         | 
         | I will leave you with this: the reason why crypto will
         | inevitably fail is because no one and no country will be
         | willing to go to war to defend it. As for USD? There's the
         | single greatest military power assembled by mankind backing all
         | US interests.
        
           | puranjay wrote:
           | Let me introduce you to the wonderful world of Hawala:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala
           | 
           | The idea that cash can't be laundered because it is tangible
           | is laughable.
        
             | throwastrike wrote:
             | I am not contesting that cash isn't laundered. I am simply
             | pointing out that whenever someone brings up crypto being
             | utilized for money laundering the first argument is almost
             | always "well cash is also used for money laundering" which
             | is pretty weak. If you knew what people can do to launder
             | money in shitcoins and bitcoins you would not make that
             | argument. There's a reason why Macau is no longer needed to
             | get money out of China. And there's a reason why gold is no
             | longer used to move drug cartel money in the past two
             | years.
        
         | petertodd wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | I'm always bothered by this arguement because most of the same
         | people in government who want to see a crackdown on Bitcoin
         | also seem to want cash to be eliminated.
         | 
         | I've been asked to do consulting on one of these digital cash
         | replacement projects. The requirements included all the stuff
         | you'd expect, like strict ID requirements for every account,
         | and the ability to freeze funds at will. But they also wanted
         | things like the contents of _receipts_ getting uploaded to
         | government servers, to allow real-time tracking of not only who
         | was paying who, but what the funds were supposed to be for. My
         | contact wouldn 't tell me what government it was supposed to be
         | for. But they did admit it was a dictatorship. Obviously, this
         | would have been a very effective tool for cracking down on
         | dissent.
         | 
         | Frankly, I kinda suspect what was _really_ going on was the
         | company that reached out to me was pulling a scam on that
         | dictatorship and had no real plan to actually deliver a working
         | product. But it 's still a good example of the panopticon that
         | authoritarians want to replace cash with.
        
           | dgrin91 wrote:
           | > most of the same people in government who want to see a
           | crackdown on Bitcoin also seem to want cash to be eliminated
           | 
           | Can you provide a source for that? First I've heard of such
           | an argument from government officials
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | It hasn't necessarily been out front-and-center in the
             | mainstream media, but it's definitely something getting
             | talked about in mainstream financial circles routinely.
             | Here's a bit of a partisan source from a quick google
             | search, but it's got a lot of links and citations you can
             | follow up on and I believe it is basically correct in its
             | facts, even if you disagree with the conclusions drawn from
             | them: https://www.newswars.com/cashless-society-democrats-
             | propose-...
             | 
             | It's up to the "trial balloon floated in Congress" point.
             | The trial balloon has so far always been shot down, but
             | it's really only a matter of time. If the government could
             | just push a button and have access to literally every
             | single transaction that occurs, they would certainly do it.
             | They wouldn't even blink.
             | 
             | Also, I want to say, I'm just linking one example. You can
             | follow up with search terms similar to the ones used in
             | that article, and probably find even more mainstream
             | sources discussing it. It's a topic in the air in financial
             | circles.
             | 
             | Edit: Bit more searching, here you go with something much
             | more mainstream, Forbes:
             | https://www.forbes.com/sites/advisor/2020/10/22/the-
             | pandemic...
             | 
             | And again, my main point here is that it is a _topic of
             | conversation_ , not making any particular claims about
             | where we are currently.
        
           | knorker wrote:
           | It's a ridiculous comparison, though.
           | 
           | E.g. try to regularly move billions in cash and see how long
           | it'll take before you're busted for not reporting that you're
           | doing that.
           | 
           | A billion bucks weighs a fucktonne.
           | 
           | I'm pro cash, anti cryptocurrency, because the comparison is
           | absolutely ridiculous there's no contradiction.
        
           | spurdoman77 wrote:
           | Central bankers are often pro-cash but anti-bitcoin. They
           | dont want competition.
        
             | xxxxxxx12 wrote:
             | > They dont want competition
             | 
             | Which is another way of saying they want absolute control,
             | which in this case is the absurd charade where "inflation"
             | measures that they claim represent life on the ground
             | exclude the essentials like education, healthcare, and
             | housing.
        
               | devmunchies wrote:
               | I liked the take from the Mayor of Miami (from a podcast
               | about cryptocurrency):
               | 
               | "they [governments] will have to borrow money like
               | everybody else borrows money, they can't just print their
               | own money. They have to borrow money at an interest rate.
               | And if governments don't behave fiscally then they are
               | going to have to borrow at worse and worse rates. They
               | can't just invent their own interest rates and currency,
               | which manipulates how markets work...
               | 
               | We in the city of miami, we're forced to balance our
               | budget, we actually have a surplus, about $150 million in
               | surplus and we have some of the lowest tax rates in the
               | history of the city."
        
               | xxxxxxx12 wrote:
               | There is a (seemingly growing) number of people that
               | openly say that the budget doesn't matter. You just print
               | and spend.
               | 
               | Fortunately this incentivizes finding ways to circumvent
               | that regime and point out how absurd it is.
        
               | devmunchies wrote:
               | Yes, and that the only point of taxes is to reduce
               | inflation, since the govt doesn't need taxes anyway since
               | it can print money. Taxes don't even cover the cost of
               | govt expenditures so it makes sense.
        
               | maest wrote:
               | The point of taxes is to create demand for the currency
               | in the population. The government can then promise to pay
               | people in its own currency so that it can provision
               | itself with staff, goods and services.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Broadly speaking the tools of monetary policy available
               | to reduce inflation are:
               | 
               | (1) Increasing reserve rates for lending. This causes the
               | circulating supply of currency to go down.
               | 
               | (2) Increasing interest rates for lending. This reduces
               | the demand for borrowing, which is largely fractional
               | reserve. This also causes the circulating supply of
               | currency to go down.
               | 
               | (3) The Fed unwinding its balance sheet by selling bonds.
               | They collect the cash and remove it from circulation.
               | They can increase the circulating supply by buying bonds.
               | 
               | Taxation doesn't change inflation, to the best of my
               | knowledge, as before and after taxation the same amount
               | of money exists in the circulating supply. Taxation is
               | fiscal policy.
               | 
               | The government doesn't print money per se, the government
               | can borrow money by selling bonds. This just reallocates
               | the existing money supply. The overwhelming majority of
               | US government debt is held domestically by US persons.
               | This doesn't change the money supply either, unless the
               | Fed steps in.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | > "Taxation doesn't change inflation, to the best of my
               | knowledge, as before and after taxation the same amount
               | of money exists in the circulating supply. Taxation is
               | fiscal policy."
               | 
               | Fiscal policy affects inflation. You're thinking of
               | inflation as "the money supply / total of all $", but
               | that's only one definition or part of inflation.
               | Generally, you would also describe inflation as the price
               | of things you buy going up or down (CPI). Say you ratchet
               | up the effective tax rate to 90%. Everyone's going to
               | have a whole lot less money to buy extra things. Some
               | things with fixed raw input cost still wouldn't budge
               | much. However now that people's monthly incomes have gone
               | from $5000 -> $1000, you're going to see houses,
               | education, Pelotons, and other extra income sinks, have
               | their prices fall precipitously.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | It's only wrong if it doesn't work -- but it does.
               | Economists aren't 100% sure why, but it does.
               | 
               | The fact is while the debt has exploded, the total cost
               | to service that debt has collapsed. The US is now paying
               | less interest on its sovereign debt than before the COVID
               | stimuli. Explain to me how it's stupid not to take
               | advantage of this?
               | 
               | The reality is when you take on debt, the only thing that
               | matters is what you choose to do with it. If you use it
               | to generate economic activity - and hence revenue -
               | that's a good investment. If you don't, that's a bad
               | investment.
               | 
               | Now, you can "circumvent" this by investing your money
               | like you're supposed to in _literally anything_.
        
               | thoughtstheseus wrote:
               | The cost of debt has dropped would be a more accurate
               | description. Well... just because you can take out more
               | loans does not mean you should. The issue is really how
               | long you can refinance the debt for, or can you outgrow
               | the debt, otherwise you'll be forced to inflate it away.
               | The cost of financing will not be this low forever and
               | it's still a few hundred billion of interest each year.
               | Still, we should spend money on infrastructure and cool
               | tech while we can.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | maest wrote:
               | Why would a government with a sovereign currency ever
               | have to borrow any sort of money? They can issue as much
               | of their own currency as they want.
        
               | devmunchies wrote:
               | that's the point. if money is backed by something with a
               | max-supply (like gold or some cryptocurrency) or if there
               | were a law limiting the max money supply then eventually
               | they will have exhausted their reserves if they aren't
               | careful, and will need to borrow. The american dollar is
               | not backed by anything but the "full faith and credit of
               | the american govt"
               | 
               | Even cryptocurrency projects like Brave browser's BAT has
               | a max supply, so Brave will have to buy BAT back from the
               | market (at the market rate) if it wants more.
               | 
               | His point is that a government is more fiscally
               | responsible when it has maintain real reserves, where
               | there is a risk of depletion. The federal reserve is a
               | misnomer, since it doesn't have meaningful reserves (like
               | gold). It just prints.
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | > We in the city of miami, we're forced to balance our
               | budget
               | 
               | This is true, but not without some moral hazard. Miami
               | can keep building on land that will be swamp within the
               | lifetime of the building _because_ federal taxpayers and
               | inflation are there to bail them out.
               | 
               | https://e360.yale.edu/features/as-miami-keeps-building-
               | risin...
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | Cash sucks for illicit transactions, because laundering it is a
         | pain in the ass.
         | 
         | A crypto ecosystem without strong KYC is much easier to use for
         | illicit transactions. A crypto ecosystem with strong KYC...
         | Probably isn't.
        
         | gpapilion wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | This is why Europe eliminated the 500 euro note, and the US
         | doesn't produce bills larger than 100 dollars. The thought is
         | these are largely used be criminals.
         | 
         | Similarly Modi's demonetisation which the intent was to remove
         | black money from the economy. All bills of 500 and 1000 rupee
         | were to become worthless if not exchanged by a certain date.
         | 
         | So they've heard about it.
        
         | purple_ferret wrote:
         | >Binance and Coinbase are large, successful companies
         | 
         | I don't think you should group Binance with Coinbase. Binance
         | is mostly unregulated, literally on the run, refusing to admit
         | where it is headquartered[0], possibly because it avoiding
         | paying taxes.
         | 
         | It seems like more and more likely that Binance is just a
         | mechanism for CZ to exit via a massive BNB pump and dump.
         | 
         | [0]https://www.coindesk.com/binance-doesnt-have-a-
         | headquarters-...
        
         | knorker wrote:
         | Beany babies spawned a lot of successful business, but you
         | absolutely cannot from derive that they were fit for purpose,
         | or in any way useful.
         | 
         | You're cargo culting.
         | 
         | They're still a solution in search of a problem, backed by tech
         | people who think they understand what they are trying to
         | replace.
         | 
         | Once you understand the fence you can tear it down, but
         | cryptonerds really really don't understand law (they think
         | smart contracts solve a problem) or economics.
        
           | arisAlexis wrote:
           | Could you pay federal taxes in beanie babies? I think not
        
           | jdgoesmarching wrote:
           | There are few things more annoying than hearing a crypto
           | cultist talk about economics. It's like a plumber lecturing
           | me about database architecture based on their Excel
           | experience.
           | 
           | Ironically people who actually work as blockchain devs are
           | very chill about it.
        
         | captn3m0 wrote:
         | You can't transfer a billion dollars worth of cash by sending
         | an email with your private key.
        
           | john_moscow wrote:
           | If you have a billion dollars to hold, you don't want the
           | volatility that could turn it into a hundred million, or ten
           | billion in a few weeks, just because.
           | 
           | Also, holding a billion dollars in a form protected by a
           | single private key is effectively putting a billion-dollar
           | bounty on your own head.
        
             | noxer wrote:
             | Stable coins exist.
        
               | john_moscow wrote:
               | Backed by the issuing companies' heartful statements of
               | best intent.
        
               | puranjay wrote:
               | The second largest is issued by a soon-to-be-public $100B
               | company. I'm sure the backing assets will have to be
               | disclosed to the public.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | There are stable coins backed by crypto.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | What does that mean? How does "crypto" guarantee that
               | someone has the reserves necessary to back the stable
               | coin in circulation? Whenever cryptocurrency interacts
               | with the "real" world, you're trusting _someone_ to
               | verify that the real world state corresponds to the state
               | recorded in the blockchain. I have yet to see a
               | satisfactory solution for this. You 're also trusting
               | _someone_ to verify that all this software is free from
               | backdoors and bugs that could be used to commit fraud.
        
               | atat7024 wrote:
               | Liquidity, in a word.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | Backed by crypto means for every stablecoin worth 1 USD
               | someone has locked away for example 1.5 USD in crypto.
               | 
               | Whoever locked the crypto away and created the stable
               | coin needs to buy it back to unlock the crypto again. If
               | the price of the stabelcoin would drop below 1 USD
               | everyone who created them and sold them would make a
               | profit buying it back lower. This essentially makes the
               | coin stable.
               | 
               | I'm not going into further details as you can easily
               | google how this technically works.
               | 
               | Also no one said there is no risk you have all kinds of
               | risks including meteorite impact event. Backed
               | stabelcoins simply reduces/decentralizes and shift the
               | risk to code/market dynamics and other stuff rather than
               | a single issuer of a coin. Nothing ever is without a
               | risk.
               | 
               | BTW if finding a flaw in the code makes you rich that
               | kinda a very good incentive for people to find flaws. We
               | dont really have anything better than that in your "real
               | world".
        
               | john_moscow wrote:
               | >Backed by crypto means for every stablecoin worth 1 USD
               | someone has locked away for example 1.5 USD in crypto.
               | 
               | In order to do that, someone would need to match every
               | USD coming from you with 0.5 USD from their own pocket.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | kind, they dont lose that it just locked away. But yes it
               | must be more than the value to be backed else it could
               | become partially backed if the crypto price goes down to
               | fast. It can be more of less than 150% backed is up to
               | whoever writes the code. But 150% seems reasonable for a
               | volatile assets.
               | 
               | You may think no one would do that but its actually a way
               | to bet a price gains of your crypt. By locking away 150%
               | you get 100% in stable coins to invest/spend without
               | losing the volatility (possible gains) of your crypto. So
               | if the price of you crypto goes up you get the whole
               | profit on the locked 150% collateral even if you spend
               | the stabel coin. ofc you need to buy back the stable
               | coins to unlock you crypto but the buy back should always
               | cost the same because its a stable coin.
               | 
               | Example with numbers:
               | 
               | You lock away 150 USD in ETH You get 100 USD in stable
               | coin to spend Price of ETH goes up 100% (doubles) You can
               | now buy 100 USD stabel coins and unlock 300 USD worth of
               | ETH
               | 
               | This is interesting because you have 100 USD that you can
               | use while you wait for the price to go up. You could buy
               | ETH with it which also doubles in price so you have 200
               | USD worth of ETH You sell 100 USD worth of it to buy back
               | the 100 USD stable coins
               | 
               | You now turned 150 USD worth of ETH into 400 USD worth of
               | ETH even trough the price of ETH only doubled.
               | 
               | Ofc if the price drops your stable coin will be
               | undercollateralized and someone else can "buy them" and
               | re-collateralize which would make you lose the
               | difference. In other words if you bet on rising prices
               | and it goes down you have to top up to keep the 150%
               | collateral if you cant top up someone else will and you
               | get liquidated.
               | 
               | In the end is a zero sum game. Some lose others win but
               | its a net gain because stable coins can can exist that
               | are backed by crypto.
        
               | Forbo wrote:
               | I _wish_ someone would try to cash out $1B Tether.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | I never said all-in Tether. Also you cant "cash out" a
               | billion dollar of anything. Its completely absurd, no one
               | has a bank account with a billion dollar on it. It also
               | make zero sense to ever do that. Its completely
               | irrelevant if that is or isn't possible with coin XY if
               | there is nothing you could move it into. The only reason
               | someone would cash out a billion is if he wants to invest
               | it into something. What could this possibly be that
               | requires a instant investment of the whole billion? You
               | guys need a reality check. No one ever buys something
               | with 1 billion at once. There are multi-billion contracts
               | but they aren't settled at once.
               | 
               | You could probably sell one billion in Tether over the
               | course of a few month just fine. Simply stop selling if
               | the price goes below 1 USD and use all large exchanges
               | parallel. It has several billion fake volume so even if
               | real volume is 100 times lower it should suck up an
               | additional billion. Assuming real volume is 100 times
               | lower and you sell over the course of 100 days you would
               | only cause less then 1% of the volume.
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Eh, when the Archegos fund leveraged at $100B collapsed a
               | few weeks ago, many banks cashed out many billions. It
               | made the news because they gave lots of leverage to a big
               | gambler, not because that event in any macroeconomic
               | sense mattered at all.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | >banks
               | 
               | The entities where almost everyones non-physical assets
               | is stored. Yes, they can indeed do things private person
               | cant do.
        
             | coolspot wrote:
             | Surprisingly, no one yet abducted and tortured Vitalik
             | Buterin or other people known to have insane amount of
             | crypto.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | If you have billions of dirty money to launder, you don't
           | need to worry about cash, you just call your pals at HSBC
           | [1][2].
           | 
           | 1: https://www.icij.org/investigations/fincen-files/hsbc-
           | moved-...
           | 
           | 2: https://www.investopedia.com/stock-
           | analysis/2013/investing-n...
        
         | puranjay wrote:
         | Crypto maximalists - and I know a LOT of them - are drawn to
         | crypto because of ideology, not just the money. The idea that a
         | person should own his/her own assets, be able to share and use
         | them whenever they want, and be free from government censorship
         | and foolhardy economic stewardship is incredibly powerful.
         | 
         | When governments talk about banning crypto, what scares them
         | isn't crypto; it's this ideology. And this ideology also makes
         | crypto incredibly hard to ban. You can create all sorts of
         | regulations but that will only harden the stance of crypto
         | maxis because it will only prove them right.
        
           | this_user wrote:
           | > You can create all sorts of regulations but that will only
           | harden the stance of crypto maxis because it will only prove
           | them right.
           | 
           | They can harden their stance all they want, but breaking the
           | crypto ecosystem is incredibly easy if governments really
           | wanted to. All you have to do is ban companies from
           | interacting with crypto currencies in any form, be it
           | accepting, exchanging, holding, or producing them. That would
           | immediately shut off the gateways between the crypto
           | ecosystem and the real economy, which reduces crypto to P2P
           | transactions in parking lots.
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | History has shown that when the potential rewards are large
             | enough, the players will literally move jurisdictions to
             | tap into the rewards. All that happens is forgone tax
             | revenues for nations.
             | 
             | Because unless you have a one world government (hopefully,
             | no one is a proponent of this), there will be at least some
             | countries that will welcome you. And since the rewards will
             | be large enough, market participants will even do illegal
             | things to access it.
             | 
             | All it will eventually do is make your country less
             | competitive until you have no recourse but to change the
             | law. FOMO isn't just for people; it's for nations as well.
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | International sanctions are a thing, _especially_ in the
               | world of banking.
               | 
               | The rewards are minuscule. It's a niche industry with no
               | potential of it ever not being niche unless is has mass
               | adoption.
        
             | cblconfederate wrote:
             | I mean, companies are barely interacting with crypto right
             | now, very few businesses use it for trade, but it keeps
             | going up so i dont see how that works. US based onramps are
             | useful only to americans, and i m sure people will seek
             | ways to convert their dollars elsewhere, like they did for
             | years before coinbase or other us based exchanges existed
        
           | drog wrote:
           | Why is this post so downvoted? It seems that antigovernment
           | sentiment is not popular here
           | 
           | It's not only that but also all that "crypto is not
           | technologically interesting and it's just Ponzi scheme!".
           | 
           | There are so many interesting and unique things there. You
           | can mix cryptography, finance, etc. into endless amount of
           | protocols.
           | 
           | Here is some interesting ideas in crypto: decentralized
           | stable coin (dai), automatic market makers (uniswap), zero
           | knowledge rollups, dns that you actually own and not rent,
           | p2p prediction markets, automatic borrowing, algorithmic
           | stable coins without peg and so on and so forth.
           | 
           | And there is always something new.
           | 
           | I think blockchain is essential building block of the future
           | free web.(at least stuff like dns)
        
             | OGWhales wrote:
             | > Why is this post so downvoted?
             | 
             | Oddly, HN is over all rather closed minded about
             | cryptocurrencies/blockchain. I can understand being jaded
             | at all the bitcoin maximalist out there that are frankly
             | ignorant or even just being generally weary about the idea
             | of such currencies... but it seems like the general
             | sentiment is very negative in almost every thread with very
             | minimal understanding of cryptocurrencies or frankly
             | currencies in general.
             | 
             | Shame, tbh. I wish there was better discussion on the
             | topic. Blockchain is very cool, even if you don't believe
             | bitcoin is replacing your dollars ever.
        
               | puranjay wrote:
               | At this point, I don't even care about Bitcoin anymore.
               | It serves no purpose. I don't even care about
               | cryptocurrencies as such.
               | 
               | But the ideas popping out from these fields are just so
               | darn exciting. DeFi makes all these complex financial
               | instruments that were previously the sole purview of big
               | banks accessible to _anyone_.
               | 
               | And we're barely scratching the surface with NFTs and
               | DAOs.
        
           | tom-_- wrote:
           | What you described as the ideals of crypto maximalists
           | largely applies to fiat currency. Individuals "own" their own
           | USD, are able to share and use as they please within the
           | bounds of legality.
           | 
           | Not sure what it means to "censor" currency, but if they
           | consider governments' economic stewardship to be foolhardy,
           | why would they consider the wisdom of miners, programmers or
           | the crypto's regulating body to be superior?
           | 
           | What's left is the question of legality, anonymity lets users
           | skirt the government's laws, which has value to basically
           | criminals.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | USG knows how to deal with cash - you can't take any decent
         | amount over the border or even on trains without being
         | questioned.
         | 
         | Bitcoin main use (regardless of what it was designed for) is
         | for laundering money.
         | 
         | Also it's not a currency, but an asset - as it is designed to
         | appreciate due to how mining works.
        
           | waterfowl wrote:
           | even on trains? amtrak specifically questions people about
           | cash?
           | 
           | This seems weird -- compared to traveling by air amtrak has
           | approx 0 security, no TSA equivalent, bag scan, etc(unless
           | you check maybe).
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Large amounts of cash, and not even all that large ($10k)
           | have been considered evidence of crime and confiscated by the
           | cops in the US. The laws that enable this have been slowly
           | dying off, but it still happens. No other evidence of a crime
           | is necessary nor do the people need to be convicted of
           | anything, the cops just take the money because it might be
           | used to commit a crime.
           | 
           | http://gm1-miwebvarnish.newscyclecloud.com/opinion/20201218/.
           | ..
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | The cash argument is not a good take at all. When you travel
         | with large amounts of cash people ask questions, you are
         | obligated to declare it when crossing borders if it's over
         | certain amount(over 0,25BTC as USD will make you fill out
         | declarations and it may be confiscated until you can prove that
         | it is legitimately yours) depositing it to your bank account
         | rings all kind of bells, the banks can refuse to work with you
         | and can trigger law enforcement interest.
         | 
         | We can be cynical about it but actually number of banks paid
         | fines in the billions of dollars and they take it seriously
         | now. Some hard hit banks like BNP that got fined for $9B would
         | even refuse to work with cash intensive businesses.
         | 
         | The criminals need to go through trouble of creating shell
         | companies to launder or transfer money, cash is no good
         | anymore.
        
           | insert_coin wrote:
           | > cash is no good anymore.
           | 
           | Crime is gone now? What else are they going to use?
           | 
           | Crypto is used by less than 1% of the world. All crime uses
           | "cash" relatively speaking.
           | 
           | *a lot of it is "digital" cash but still.
        
             | NaturalPhallacy wrote:
             | Only about 10% of USD physically exists:
             | https://www.quora.com/How-much-US-currency-physically-
             | exists...
             | 
             | 'M0' is cash. 'M1' are bytes in bank computers.
             | 
             | It's really not a big mental leap from USD that doesn't
             | physically exist (which is 90% of USD) to crypto which
             | doesn't physically exist.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | That's not my argument. Crime is not gone, tools are
             | changing and the enforcers are trying to catch up.
             | 
             | Cash is now for petty criminals only. For anything beyond
             | car level of money you need involvement of politicians or
             | high end criminals.
             | 
             | They tend to use gold and fake bank transactions BTW.
             | 
             | Just today there is a trial of the Turkish bank Halk Bank
             | that was allegedly caught laundering money for Iran. High
             | ranking Turkish and Iranian politicians are involved, the
             | funds in form of gold were transferred using private jets
             | and laundered through Dubai. The defense of the person who
             | run the gold operations includes Rudy Giuliani. The things
             | are at that level now.
             | 
             | Start digging from here if you want to know more:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Zarrab
        
         | throwaway6734 wrote:
         | >Whatever your stance on cryptocurrencies are, what is of
         | little dispute is the business opportunities they have created.
         | Binance and Coinbase are large, successful companies.
         | 
         | What business opportunities have been created outside of the
         | crypto space?
         | 
         | > i feel nations who embrace cryptocurrencies early will see
         | mixed results as the landscape matures.
         | 
         | They may also leave themselves open to these currencies being
         | manipulated by foreign mal-actors
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | >What business opportunities have been created outside of the
           | crypto space?
           | 
           | They're probably just talking about all the pickaxe selling.
           | NFTs are possibly an answer if you assume good faith and not
           | just speculation.
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | NFTs are not "outside of the crypto space".
        
           | prox wrote:
           | Indeed, not an expert... but what is a state actor stopping
           | form putting extraordinary resources (say NSA for instance)
           | in mining and minting to gain an advantage? And how bad is
           | that?
        
             | throwaway6734 wrote:
             | It wouldn't even need to be just mining. I'm assuming there
             | have to be at least a few zero days present on the asics at
             | large miners. Just mucking up the network enough to scare
             | enough people to panic sell could cause massive chaos.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > I am more confident that nations which turn their back on it,
         | or shut it out completely, will see a loss of otherwise
         | valuable businesses and mindshare.
         | 
         | This is a very _under-appreciated_ point. US persons (citizens
         | and companies) assume the US banking system for granted. Many
         | countries (even some developed ones) do not have a developed
         | banking sector and by consequence it is harder /expensive to
         | make transactions, access to capital is limited and access to
         | markets can be restricted which limits opportunity.
         | 
         | Crypto-currencies requires significant expertise, much more
         | than the current banking system. Countries who will attract
         | these companies and knowledge will have lots of sway in the
         | international economy in the future.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | Oh we have don't worry. The proportion of cash used for illicit
         | activities is much much lower than the proportion of crypto
         | used for illicit activities. Especially once you remove
         | speculation volume (which cash doesn't have). Then there's the
         | whole new kind of crime it created - ransomware.
         | 
         | Plenty of work was done to ensure tracability of cash. Take
         | large amounts in or out of the country? Form. Withdraw or
         | deposit large amounts? Form. Act suspicious? Form. Structuring?
         | Prison.
         | 
         | You can't really compare a system designed to circumvent
         | regulations regarding transactibility to a system designed to
         | provide as much oversight as is practical. They're not even in
         | the same ballpark.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | > Whatever your stance on cryptocurrencies are, what is of
         | little dispute is the business opportunities they have created.
         | Binance and Coinbase are large, successful companies. Poloniex
         | was sold for ~400M.
         | 
         | This is the broken window fallacy writ large. The small value
         | cryptocurrencies provide over other digital transaction methods
         | is overshadowed by the huge inefficiencies of how transactions
         | are processed via PoW. The fact that there are companies that
         | have made a fortune dealing with all these "broken windows"
         | doesn't change the basic fact that cryptocurrency is probably
         | the least energy efficient way to move money digitally.
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | PoS is replacing PoW at scale. It's time for new arguments.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | _When_ is it replacing PoW? I 've heard this promise for
             | years now. Time for new rebuttals.
        
               | lucasverra wrote:
               | Beacon chain is live with 100k validators. Merge is due
               | late 2021 Sharding 12 months from now
        
           | yunesj wrote:
           | > The small value cryptocurrencies provide over other digital
           | transaction methods
           | 
           | I'm not aware of any other digital transaction methods that
           | can send un-printable money besides cryptos.
           | 
           | I think devaluing currency to inflate stocks and fund wars is
           | harmful, and cryptos are a valuable solution. Although, I
           | think there's better than PoW.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | These are political problems. If you think that an
             | additional form of currency will solve them, I have a
             | bridge to sell you. Even if you convince the US government
             | to switch to BTC (this is probably a harder political
             | project than defunding the defence department), I'm sure
             | they'll think of _something_ if they need to fund a war or
             | two. BTC would be a mere speed bump.
        
               | yunesj wrote:
               | Yes, the US can still raise funds other ways. It would
               | still be preferable if they were more transparent about
               | it.
               | 
               | > Even if you convince the US government to switch to BTC
               | 
               | There's no need for that. It would be enough for some
               | people to switch to BTC. I.e., not store their money or
               | denominate their salaries in USD.
               | 
               | As things stand, most wealthy people already store their
               | money in things other than USD that are somewhat less
               | easy to manipulate, like stocks and commodities. It would
               | be nice if this strategy were more accessible to people
               | worldwide.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > I'm not aware of any other digital transaction methods
             | that can send un-printable money besides cryptos.
             | 
             | That's because it's not a useful feature heh. Money is
             | meant to be a medium of exchange and temporary store of
             | value. To the extent it holds its value for the duration of
             | your ownership of it, it's met its goal.
        
               | yunesj wrote:
               | Sure, it's a fair argument that gold + paypal may be
               | superior to bitcoin.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | You can simplify this even more. Open an
               | InteractiveBrokers margin account and request a debit
               | card. Fund the account, purchase gold (futures, GLD,
               | whatever) and spend on your IBKR debit card. This will
               | pull from your margin. Your margin interest is ~1% and
               | tax deductible. Settle up your account as you see fit.
        
               | yunesj wrote:
               | I use IBKR margin, but didn't realize it was tax
               | deductible!? Thanks for the tip!
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Yes, you can use it to offset capital gains. Also,
               | depending on your largesse, consider tax-aware borrowing.
               | [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://csq.com/2018/04/geoffrey-berlin-private-
               | wealth-tax-a...
        
         | Salgat wrote:
         | I don't ever see most nations willingly giving up monetary
         | policy by ceding to cryptocurrencies. This is especially true
         | for China and the US. They can however adopt their own version,
         | where they remain the authority and would operate the nodes
         | responsible for handling transactions. This would allow many of
         | the advantages of cryptocurrencies while still allowing a
         | country to control not only the money supply but also be able
         | to audit money and (even in the cases of fraud and theft)
         | return money to its rightful owners. You could even have a
         | system where you can freely convert between the digital version
         | and the physical cash version.
        
           | choward wrote:
           | This isn't different from what we have now with central
           | banking except you threw blockchain in for some reason. What
           | value does that add?
        
           | powerapple wrote:
           | I believe that is exact where the value of bitcoin is:
           | because any nations will not giving up their own currency.
           | Bitcoin is anti-establishment. Of course, the real test will
           | only happen when some country start banning bitcoin. No one
           | knows what's going to happen.
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | It will only prove Bitoin holders right.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | lol, it will prove them broke. The overwhelming majority
               | of people own bitcoin because number go up. Banning it
               | will make number not go up. This will cause them to
               | divest. Substantially nobody is in it for the ancap
               | utopia espoused by $20 transaction fees and 30 minute
               | long confirmation times.
        
         | CJefferson wrote:
         | My main problem with crypto is I like the rule of law. If
         | someone steals my bitcoin it's gone. Normal bank transactions
         | have (imperfect) protections. There is a reason the world
         | switched from storing cash, or gold, under a mattress.
         | 
         | If a country was running on a crypto coin which had a major
         | hack, it could collapse the whole countries economy.
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | I've seen the estimation that 40% of all bitcoin transactions
         | are related to drugs. Hydra (russian dark web drug store) is
         | still the biggest receiver of bitcoin transactions. I don't
         | think that cash is anywhere close.
        
         | notyourday wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | Cash is extremely difficult to use in criminal enterprises,
         | especially with the USD. Large amounts of cash are bulky due to
         | $100 being the largest note. Massive amounts of cash is
         | difficult to convert to/from other forms of assets due to CTR,
         | SARs and fed surveillance.
         | 
         | Cash as a vehicle for facilitating criminal activity by now is
         | largely fiction. Even diamonds are easier than cash.
        
           | spurdoman77 wrote:
           | Cash is perfect for small criminals. Practically useless for
           | bigger criminals.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | > _Whatever your stance on cryptocurrencies are, what is of
         | little dispute is the business opportunities they have created.
         | Binance and Coinbase are large, successful companies. Poloniex
         | was sold for ~400M._
         | 
         | I find this argument a little weird, because I think we can all
         | agree that bubbles and fad tech isn't really great for society
         | as a whole. If you believe cryptocurrencies aren't a fad and
         | actually provide useful benefits to real people (which does
         | _not_ include  "we built a company that does crypto stuff and
         | made a bunch of money"), then ok, fair opinion, but I don't
         | share that view. To me it just looks like a big house of cards
         | built on something that is fundamentally not that useful or
         | valuable, but is propped up mainly by speculation. Building a
         | company on top of it that is sold for $400M is great for the
         | founders and investors in that company, but doesn't mean that
         | crypto itself is useful for society.
         | 
         | I apply this to other things, too... there are ton of
         | lucrative, successful businesses built on top of and around
         | internet advertising, but I think that entire ecosystem is a
         | huge net negative for society.
        
           | thebean11 wrote:
           | Calling it a bubble is essentially an unfalsifiable
           | statement, there's no way to really disprove it. Many would
           | very much disagree that it is non useful, especially on a
           | forward looking basis (the same way a money losing unicorn is
           | still worth a billion dollars). At what point is it no longer
           | a bubble?
        
           | craig131 wrote:
           | I admire that controversial opinion, but would you really be
           | comfortable with a federal authority telling you which
           | software on your computer is "great for society as a whole"
           | and which is a fad?
        
           | bko wrote:
           | Crypto is a better version of gold and a store of wealth that
           | whose supply isn't at the whims of central banks.
           | 
           | Gold has a purpose. Central banks may pretend that gold
           | serves no purpose in a modern economy, but they still hold on
           | to trillions in gold. I hope eventually they'll get around to
           | holding a crypto currency like Bitcoin. They're just upset
           | they don't have a head start in accumulating a reserve.
        
             | fock wrote:
             | yay, now it's at the whims of connectivity to a global
             | computer network and cheap energy (not only in the past,
             | but also in the future).
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Gold is shiny pebbles people are willing to pay money for.
             | Crypto is spreadsheet cells people are willing to pay money
             | for. Well, some amount of money -- mostly Tether though,
             | which is likely in turn backed by the same crypto lol. It's
             | really an open question just how much new real money is
             | flowing into crypto.
             | 
             | It's all pretty clear in the settlement Tether signed [1].
             | Particular note are #17, #20, #36, #43-46
             | 
             | [1] https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/2021.02.17_-_sett
             | lemen...
        
               | bko wrote:
               | I don't know what the point of your comment is.
               | 
               | There is a need to have a medium of exchange for trade.
               | Barter has its limitations. For all of history, people
               | have created new forms of money for exchange. The primary
               | characteristics you would need is scarcity, clear
               | ownership, transferability and fungibility. Gold serves
               | this purpose, and Bitcoin even more so.
               | 
               | The fact that gold is a shiny pebble is not adding
               | anything meaningful to the conversation.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > The fact that gold is a shiny pebble is not adding
               | anything meaningful to the conversation.
               | 
               | Not the parent's argument, but _TECHNICALLY_ speaking
               | Gold as a shiny pebble can be used for jewelry, wiring,
               | etc. It TECHNICALLY has utility.
               | 
               | Bitcoin has no inherent utility. ETH (and derivatives) on
               | the other hand can power a smart contract which actual
               | real business value, but the fact that it has a currency
               | associated to it is generally meaningless.
        
               | peytn wrote:
               | If you owned all the gold, people would still want to buy
               | gold. If you owned all the Bitcoin, nobody would want to
               | buy Bitcoin. The only value stored is the network of
               | people pumping it, and the only question is how long
               | it'll take them to move on to the next thing.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Neither gold nor bitcoin are particularly good for the
               | purpose you are suggesting -- that's why gold was
               | replaced with fiat currency. Because fiat currency was
               | better. Bitcoin chasing after gold's position is
               | unfortunate because of course, fiat is better than gold.
               | 
               | The characteristics you need for a medium of exchange
               | are:
               | 
               | - fungibility.
               | 
               | - the ability to hold its value for exactly as long as
               | you need to hold onto it. Any longer than that is a non-
               | goal.
               | 
               | - stability/predictibility.
               | 
               | - the ability to adjust to shocks, and a changing
               | population.
               | 
               | - low cost of transactibility.
               | 
               | Scarcity is a non-goal. Clear ownership is a non-goal
               | except in as much as possession is 9/10th of the law.
               | 
               | Basically none of these apply to gold, and basically none
               | of these apply to bitcoin. That's why nobody uses it as
               | such.
        
               | bko wrote:
               | The first use of gold as an exchange was 550 BC.
               | 
               | Our fiat money has been around since the 1970s with
               | staggering blowups
               | 
               | Come back to me on 2500 years and we'll see who has the
               | better track record.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Generally speaking we don't need to wait as long as the
               | previous iteration existed to prove the new generation is
               | successful.
               | 
               | For instance, I think it's fair to say e-mail is a
               | success, even though the first postal system was
               | established under Cryus the Great in 550 BCE in Persia.
               | The first e-mail was sent in 1971. Are you saying we
               | won't be able to declare victory on e-mail until the year
               | 4492?
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | You are right! So I should invest in emails right? I'm
               | sure emails will get more valuable as time goes on.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Well I hear "bitcoin is TCP/IP" and for some reason
               | people are trying to buy that lol, so can't lose.
        
               | bko wrote:
               | Sure. I think people will be sending physical mail to
               | each other longer than using pop3 smtp and imap
        
           | cslarson wrote:
           | How can you not see what the importance of this new
           | infrastructure? I come here and read these comments and am
           | just at a loss for words at this point. Forget Bitcoin and
           | look at Ethereum. This tech is so powerful I am in some ways
           | scared of it and you call it a fad. The gulf between our
           | interpretations drops my jaw to the floor :)
        
             | TomSwirly wrote:
             | Maybe that might make you question your assumptions?
             | 
             | I mean, we've had a decades of cryptocurrency and just one
             | actual application has arisen - crime. Money laundering,
             | tax evasion, purchasing illegal items, and that sort of
             | thing.
             | 
             | When it comes down to it, cryptocurrencies say that people
             | trust some obscure algorithm that almost none of them could
             | evaluate over society and governments.
             | 
             | It's a bad sign.
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | Can you name some use cases that aren't trading crypto
             | derivatives or crypto debt?
             | 
             | Ethereum is certainly more interesting than Bitcoin but the
             | use cases so far seem to be more speculation.
        
               | c01n wrote:
               | Short list:
               | 
               | - Pseudonymous Transactions - Multiple Accounts -
               | International Transfers - Customization (smart contracts)
               | - Micro Payments / Internet money - Privacy - Low entry
               | (Phone, internet) - Peer 2 Peer and decentralized - Free
               | Software - Programmable
        
               | c01n wrote:
               | - Pseudonymous Transactions / Privacy
               | 
               | - Multiple Accounts
               | 
               | - International Transfers
               | 
               | - Customization (smart contracts)
               | 
               | - Micro Payments / Internet money
               | 
               | - Low entry (Phone, internet)
               | 
               | - Peer 2 Peer and decentralized
               | 
               | - Free Software
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | > Pseudonymous Transactions / Privacy
               | 
               | Not really tech problems; you're bound to the limits of
               | the law
               | 
               | > International Transfers
               | 
               | Not a tech problem; international trx are dropping in
               | price as competition increases; tech doesn't change
               | anything here.
               | 
               | > Micro Payments / Internet money
               | 
               | There is no way to scale the tech to the volume where it
               | makes sense for microtransactions.
               | 
               | I'm not really seeing these as problems fundamentally
               | limited by technology.
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | Censorship-free distributed storage (using Ethereum &
               | Filecoin)
        
               | cslarson wrote:
               | Sovereign identity, DAOs, NFTs (not just the art stuff
               | which atm is a little cringe but game items, land
               | registries, deeds), stablecoins (usdc, dai, yes there is
               | also wilder experimentation here).
               | 
               | I think people can quickly get dissuaded by some
               | negatives like lack of scaling or environmental issues.
               | These are real but are being solved. We really need
               | communities like HN to engage because if proponents are
               | right then the change will be vast and we are unprepared.
               | 
               | My personal favorite outcome is playing out right now.
               | When a tech company is successful they capture near 100%
               | of the value, despite leeching content off users.
               | Ethereum based projects generally share rewards with the
               | community of users that make the protocol/network
               | successful. Applications are forkable, not just the code
               | but the community, too. The community is in control.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | > land registries, deeds
               | 
               | I hope that will never happen. We really don't need
               | anyone to end up in a situation where a key is lost and
               | they can neither prove they own something nor sell it
               | legally. Also, "transfer your home by mistake" scams. And
               | have fun trying to figure out how to deal with dead
               | owners.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | And what are some example use cases you can do with those
               | things, or that people are using them for? Genuinely
               | asking. I see people very excited about things like DAOs,
               | but most descriptions seem to be about inter crypto use
               | cases.
               | 
               | With the early internet it was easy enough to see there
               | were use cases like "instantly send a letter to someone
               | across the world" or "order a book not stocked at your
               | local store" or "go directly to Nintendo's website and
               | read their info". I remember doing this last one as a kid
               | in the library and was instantly taken with the internet.
               | 
               | What are some similar ELI5 use cases of the Ethereum
               | chain and those names you mention? Other than intra
               | crypto loans, derivatives etc
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | > Sovereign identity
               | 
               | Not a real problem. Any civilized country has solved
               | identity already.
               | 
               | > DAOs
               | 
               | A solution in search of a problem
               | 
               | > NFTs
               | 
               | Speculative. Game items, land registries and deeds are a
               | solved problem. If your jurisdiction/company hasn't
               | solved them already with Postgres and hardcopy it's
               | because it's not interested in solving it or it's not a
               | real problem, just a minor annoyance.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | One use case:
               | 
               | Buying something without a credit card online.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | With Ethereum? That seems like one of the least
               | interesting possible use cases.
               | 
               | * For one, Bitcoin can do this too (though not in many
               | places)
               | 
               | * For two, you can't do it in many places
               | 
               | * For three, you already can buy online with paypal,
               | prepaid debit/credit, and other checkout solutions, for
               | less fees. You can buy a prepaid credit card useable
               | online in any convenience store for a low fee....
               | 
               | I don't think this is what OP meant.
        
               | BEEdwards wrote:
               | And you bought the crypto itself with magic?
        
               | dogecoinbase wrote:
               | Finally, I can purchase something without recourse in the
               | event that I'm defrauded.
        
           | rudderz wrote:
           | Take crypto out of the equation, what are the implications of
           | the fed issuing a programmable currency? Many financial
           | services would become obsolete. What do I need a stock broker
           | for? What do I need a bank for? You have Wall St and other
           | sophisticated investors profiteering and competing against
           | the general public, devaluing our purchasing power, making
           | leveraged trades because they know the public will hold the
           | bag. It's a system that exists to favor the few and it's time
           | to disrupt the orgy.
        
             | wayoutthere wrote:
             | If the fed did a cryptocurrency, it would be backed by the
             | full might of the US Government -- and all the things that
             | the government can do if it decides to print more money.
             | This also includes military and police powers.
             | 
             | Which brings me to the other point: currencies are governed
             | at both ends; at issuance and at use. If you use a crypto
             | that's not approved, the government can simply arrest you
             | for using one of its competitors. The treasury could likely
             | do this without even needing to issue new laws, just new
             | guidance. Governance is the reason for the existence of the
             | US Treasury and Federal Reserve. It's a core feature of any
             | currency and the government isn't going to abandon that
             | lever of hard power. They're only going to do a
             | cryptocurrency that gives them _more_ power, not less.
             | 
             | All of the stakeholders you list have a vested interest in
             | not being disintermediated. They're also deeply embedded in
             | policy creation. I can't help but notice the way crypto
             | evangelists speak of crypto is the way leftists speak of
             | Marx: in very vague terms outlining a utopian vision of a
             | new economic paradigm that is frustrated by the sticky
             | realities of the momentum of money and power. The reality
             | of Marxism is different from the utopia, as would be the
             | realities of central bank crypto (hint: it's gonna be
             | authoritarian af).
        
               | loceng wrote:
               | I can see value in democratic nations agreeing to use a
               | single global blockchain they've created, without an MLM-
               | Ponzi structure redistributing wealth simply because of
               | adoption/use (consensus by agreement, not through
               | greed/financial gain).
        
               | wayoutthere wrote:
               | Totally would never happen; it would require too many
               | people to give up too much power. See also Brexit (the UK
               | never fully integrated into the EU over this exact
               | currency control issue).
        
               | vinay427 wrote:
               | I almost think the several countries that remain in the
               | EU which choose to avoid or delay joining the Eurozone
               | are better examples. While the UK evidently had other
               | concerns with EU membership besides the Euro, even pro-EU
               | governments seem to encounter opposition when it comes to
               | the currency union.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone
        
               | stretchwithme wrote:
               | I agree. That's why China is doing it.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | > It's a system that exists to favor the few and it's time
             | to disrupt the orgy.
             | 
             | I've got news for you:
             | 
             |  _BTC: 2% of the anonymous ownership accounts that can be
             | tracked on the cryptocurrency 's blockchain control 95%[0]_
             | 
             |  _Just 376 People Found to Own a Third of All Ether
             | Cryptocurrency_
             | 
             | [0] - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-18/bi
             | tcoin-w...
             | 
             | [1] - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-15/ju
             | st-376-...
        
             | KptMarchewa wrote:
             | Why are you asking this question here? While I agree with
             | this idea, it has nothing to do with crypto.
        
             | heMan09 wrote:
             | Humanity already solved this problem:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax
             | 
             | Most white collar crime is obvious and where the bodies are
             | buried is largely known.
             | 
             | There's simply no political will to do anything about it.
             | 
             | Crypto becoming mainstream isn't going to change
             | indifferent minds.
             | 
             | Physical reality is a thing. Burying our heads in ephemeral
             | concepts is distraction, not change.
        
               | stretchwithme wrote:
               | We need to fix how we select our representation.
               | 
               | Winner-take-all elections lead to weak control over who
               | represents your interests. It's like being party to a
               | lawsuit where one attorney represents all parties.
               | 
               | And you can't fire your attorney for four years.
               | 
               | In the single attorney situation, SELECTING the attorney
               | would be the major struggle. And then that attorney has
               | all the power. The parties would then have to lobby the
               | attorney to win the case.
               | 
               | And that's why our elections have become such a struggle
               | and why lobbyists can buy votes.
               | 
               | And that's why Wall street firms can call up their
               | friends and get a multi-billion dollar bailout.
        
             | hatsunearu wrote:
             | The majority of economic activity is not "programmable"--if
             | I order a ship load of steel from some country, how is that
             | contract going to be enforceable/verifiable with
             | cryptoeconomic techniques?
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | That's not programmable today, but may be in the future.
               | 
               | Presumably the shipment has a series of checkpoints,
               | which add some amount of traceability. There's also the
               | potential for insurance for blockchain contracts.
               | 
               | I only recently learned about oracles, but I suspect
               | we're only getting started on unlocking the potential of
               | blockchain.
               | 
               | If there are oracles making the progress at each
               | checkpoint along the way available from the blockchain,
               | and insurance contracts for potential disruptions at each
               | stage, your contract can ensure payment on delivery, and
               | the supplier can be insured against any disruptions.
        
               | demosito666 wrote:
               | Economic != financial, which was the point of the parent
               | I believe.
        
               | LB232323 wrote:
               | Finance is one of the largest sectors of the US economy,
               | it is central to its role in leading the world economy.
               | 
               | Additionally, finance is what controls and directs the
               | economy. It is the business of money itself, in both the
               | public and private sector.
               | 
               | Banks play a central role to any economy. Digital
               | currencies can be centralized and controlled in the same
               | way as any state owned enterpeise.
        
           | leppr wrote:
           | Cryptocurrency/web3 is at its core just technology.
           | Fundamentally, the technology is still not that far advanced
           | from the early Bitcoin days, but the little that is currently
           | implemented successfully allows for ponzis and gambling.
           | Cryptocurrencies currently trade for over $2 trillion, most
           | of that value may indeed be a net negative for society, but
           | that doesn't say anything about the core technology in
           | itself. If cryptocurrency didn't exist, people would be
           | trading tulip bulbs or pumping stocks like TSLA to $700B (oh
           | wait...).
           | 
           | This may be a relatively lawless environment, but as for its
           | current atmosphere, blame the world's central banks, not the
           | crypto builders who are mostly as disgusted by the current
           | situation as sidelined observers.
           | 
           | Decentralized networks have the potential to resolve many of
           | the issues we techies love to complain about. Only a tiny
           | percentage of that $2 trillion is allocated to teams actually
           | working on solving these issues (Binance and Coinbase
           | definitely aren't a part of it), so please try to reserve
           | your judgment when you see developments coming out of crypto.
           | Most of it is under-developed, over-hyped, and just an
           | extension of the tech-bubble ponzi, but some of it will
           | actually change the world. In the same way Tesla is actually
           | positive to society overall and we shouldn't shun their cars
           | just because the company's stock is a meme used in zero-sum-
           | game gambling.
        
             | Daishiman wrote:
             | > Decentralized networks have the potential to resolve many
             | of the issues we techies love to complain about.
             | 
             | I continue to hear this yet I never get a _single_
             | convincing example from DeFi advocates.
        
           | admg wrote:
           | Totally get your point here, however the counter that always
           | gets me is the rate of quantitative easing in the US/UK. Not
           | sure on accuracy of this but I've seen figures(cityam
           | website) saying around 18% of all US dollars were created in
           | 2020. There's a good argument that it's safer financially to
           | put money into crypto. Personally I feel quite unsettled with
           | both traditional finance and crypto at the moment.
        
           | tiborsaas wrote:
           | Blockchain tech is a next generation internet still in its
           | early days. I don't think it will go away. What do you think
           | these networks will look like in 20 years?
           | 
           | It might be a negative for society now (I assume you are
           | referring to the shady nature of using it as an alt
           | currency), but it's precisely the tech you need to provide an
           | alternative against Facebook or other walled gardens many
           | people love to hate on here.
           | 
           | It solves multiple problems at the same time. Content
           | creators can get paid by design, tech is open an transparent
           | and scalable. It's unlike anything we've seen before.
        
             | Jasper_ wrote:
             | > What do you think these networks will look like in 20
             | years?
             | 
             | Exactly the same as it looks today. Because nothing has
             | changed in the last 15 years either (Bitcoin was released
             | in 2006).
             | 
             | > it's precisely the tech you need to provide an
             | alternative against Facebook or other walled gardens many
             | people love to hate on here.
             | 
             | How does cryptocurrency help with any of that?
             | 
             | > tech is open an transparent and scalable.
             | 
             | Citation needed.
        
               | tiborsaas wrote:
               | Just as an example, have you heard of smart contracts?
               | There's a cambrian explosion happening now among
               | networks, everybody tweaks something to be different from
               | others. I suggest you to take a look around, there's a
               | shocking diversity.
               | 
               | > How does cryptocurrency help with any of that?
               | 
               | How can a globally spanning Turing complete computer
               | help? I don't know, but we will see attempts.
               | 
               | > Citation needed.
               | 
               | Haha, I always forget we are at academic level of
               | discussions :)
               | 
               | But for fun's sake, go to https://coinmarketcap.com/
               | click a random currency and click source code / read the
               | whitepaper.
               | 
               | Smart contracts deployed to the networks are also open to
               | be inspected, here, take a look: https://etherscan.io/add
               | ress/0x00c83aecc790e8a4453e5dd3b0b4b...
        
               | dylkil wrote:
               | > Bitcoin was released in 2006
               | 
               | It wasnt. It was released 9 January 2009
        
         | paulpan wrote:
         | The possibility of cryptocurrencies being banned in the U.S. is
         | probably greater than what many people realize, especially
         | those current holders. At least an attempted ban not unlike
         | what happened in India.
         | 
         | While the whole "illicit transaction" argument is bullshit,
         | Yellen and other Treasury officials probably realize that
         | cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin could pose an existential threat
         | to the U.S. dollar and needs to be snuffed out early. Companies
         | like Microstrategy and Tesla have already began using them as
         | substitutes for U.S. treasuries. Together with the decline of
         | oil dependency and the petrodollar, a day will come when the de
         | facto currency is no longer the U.S. dollar and with it goes
         | the world currency status. Yellen's department, the U.S.
         | Treasury, would become a minor department and a shadow of its
         | current self.
         | 
         | An apt analogy could be the U.S. government is like Nokia in
         | the early days of the iPhone.
         | 
         | That said, a U.S. ban may actually unintentionally lead to
         | greater adoption as it effectively means cryptocurrencies
         | withstood and prevailed an attack by the world's foremost
         | national power.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | > it effectively means cryptocurrencies withstood and
           | prevailed an attack by the world's foremost national power
           | 
           | That's a big if.
           | 
           | For now the USA remains the world's richest and biggest
           | unified market. Surviving a ban from said market is not a
           | given for any product. In fact I imagine it's a death
           | sentence for most global products.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | >Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | What if I told you the Treasury Secretary doesn't think your
         | book keeping system in the same as legal tender?
        
         | Consultant32452 wrote:
         | The people in power are balancing the business opportunities
         | against their own loss of control over the issuance of currency
         | and some financial market functionalities (with smart
         | contracts, etc.). I think it's a given they will always choose
         | their own power over the business opportunities of others.
        
         | maerF0x0 wrote:
         | > Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | anecdote time: I once travelled to Vietnam for a vacation,
         | people in vietnam prefer $100 bills because they're easier to
         | use for hiding wealth, transporting cross border, and other
         | slightly less than legal reasons. Additionally it's the
         | preferred currency of criminals in the country too (so I
         | heard). They will even pay higher exchange rates for ones in
         | better condition or with more anti-counterfeiting features
         | 
         | So yeah, USD is used for a lot of crime globally.
         | 
         | EDIT: changed "anti-moneylaundering" to "anti-counterfeiting"
         | by suggestion
        
           | nerfhammer wrote:
           | they prefer USD in parts in SE Asia because the local
           | currency has experienced hyperinflation in the past. the
           | problem is there is no easy way for them to exchange overly
           | worn bills back to the Federal Reserve, so they have like
           | rotting old falling-apart $1 bills that look like they're on
           | the verge of disintegrating.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | In Canada, organized crime holds on to the $1000 notes.
           | They're the largest value banknote commonly used in the West
           | in the last few decades. They were last issued in 1992 and
           | then officially withdrawn in 2000 for concerns over
           | moneylaundering. They're not legal tender anymore, but can be
           | exchanged at the bank. There's about $1 billion in
           | circulation, and that will likely remain true for a long time
           | yet. They move in a closed loop in the drug trade, stuffed in
           | briefcases and in safes of criminals who effectively act as
           | banks settling debts. No one wants to cash them because of
           | the risk of being traced, but because they can be cashed in
           | theory, they retain full value. The EUR500 is slowly
           | displacing them, in Canada and abroad.
           | 
           | I saw one as a child. Most Canadians have not, as far as I
           | know. An acquaintance of a friend of my father's had several,
           | and my father was interested in numismatics, so he traded one
           | for $100s. The implications of the man who had some "pinkies"
           | (called so for their colour) being a biker with a facial scar
           | didn't click into place until I was much older.
        
             | tonfa wrote:
             | CHF still has 1k banknote (and with negative interest rates
             | this with a safe might be a better option than a bank
             | account).
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | Hows that better than a bank account? You can hold CHF on
               | a bank account as well and it keeps the same value as the
               | note. (both lose value due to inflation)
               | 
               | Also dont forget insurance for banknotes in a safe.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | > Hows that better than a bank account?
               | 
               | GP said it, negative interest rate, i.e. the bank
               | charging you to hold on to your money when you have more
               | than a certain amount (was it 100k or 25k CHF).
               | 
               | So if you put in 100k in the bank and wait a year, you'll
               | be able to withdraw maybe 99.8k CHF. If you hoard 100x
               | 1000 CHF notes, you'll still have 100k CHF. Sure in 1
               | year those 100k CHF will probably buy less Big Macs then
               | the present, but the 200 CHF loss will mean even less Big
               | Macs.
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | Its meaningless, if someone puts over 100k on a bank
               | account where inflation eats it away they probably dont
               | care about interest rates and its just a fraction of
               | someone holdings that is deposited at super low risk/high
               | availability. This only makes sense if you have way more
               | and the rest is actually invested and grows. Storing you
               | whole savings like that is rather stupid regardless of if
               | you reach the limit and pay interest rates or not. and
               | putting it as banknotes in a safe is similar stupid
               | potentially even more stupid because there is real chance
               | you physically lose it all.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | Yes there are saner things to do with 100k, but GP was
               | just comparing the 2 options, and you asked "Hows that
               | better than a bank account?" and I answered...
        
               | noxer wrote:
               | Its clearly not better, its worse. You exchange possible
               | interest rates with a rather incalculable risk of total
               | loss or some absurd insurance fees which are likely to be
               | higher. If putting paper in a safe would be better then
               | someone (probably the bank itself) would offer that as a
               | service. If they cant make it lucrative at scale you
               | certainly cant either.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | Sigh, you made me regret responding to your initial
               | question.
               | 
               | FWIW commercial banks have had negative interest rates
               | for a few years now.
               | 
               | https://www.truewealth.ch/en/blog/negative-interest-
               | switzerl...
        
           | asah wrote:
           | "with more anti-laundering features" ? did you mean anti-
           | counterfeiting? just checking...
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | I think so. Basically things to make it harder to fake
             | them.
             | 
             | Changed original post
        
           | puranjay wrote:
           | In Uzbekistan, I saw a disproportionately large number of
           | people with gold teeth. When I asked my host about it, he
           | said that that was the older Soviet-era generation that would
           | get gold teeth so that they could carry some useful wealth
           | with them in case they had to flee their homes all of a
           | sudden.
        
           | BobbyJo wrote:
           | If the sum total of the wealth you are trying to hide is a in
           | the thousands, you aren't who the government is concerned
           | about. At least, not enough for policy changes. So, while
           | cash is likely far more prevalently use in crime, you're
           | talking about the huge long tail of low level drug dealers
           | and smugglers, not the oligarchs and money launderers.
           | 
           | Deposited/electronic money tends to be necessary when you hit
           | a million plus. At that point cash sucks and is super risky
           | to hold.
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | fun fact, each bill is 1g. So $1M in 100s is 10KG (or
             | 22LBs) . Plus the briefcase and hand cuffs if we're going
             | movie style.
        
           | Salgat wrote:
           | That doesn't stop cryptocoins from being the currency of
           | choice for criminals that need completely anonymous digital
           | transactions, which is why they are the standard for the
           | online black market and for ransomware. It's hard to argue of
           | the advantages of cryptocoins while in the same breathe
           | arguing that cash is better for crime.
           | 
           | The bigger issue is that very few people want to hold onto
           | cryptocoins if their goal is to spend the money. You can't
           | really buy much directly with cryptocoins in comparison to
           | cash which is universal. I can't use it at Walmart, I can't
           | use it at McDonalds, I can't use it to buy a house, I can't
           | use it damn near anywhere. The only way I can use it is
           | through a scheme that converts it to cash first. No criminal
           | wants to add that papertrail step to their operations.
        
         | nullifidian wrote:
         | >Wait until you hear about cash.
         | 
         | Tell me when 95+% of cash transactions don't serve any good
         | purpose like it currently is with cryptocurrencies
         | (speculation, waste of energy, malware ransoms, money
         | laundering, hiding wealth / tax evasion, other illicit use)
        
       | devops000 wrote:
       | Yeah, they say it every week.
        
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