[HN Gopher] When real world mapping meets Tolkien
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When real world mapping meets Tolkien
        
       Author : dcminter
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2021-04-11 13:53 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk)
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Am I the only one who was thinking "wow a bit of edge finding, a
       | tolkien font and I have a business"
       | 
       | Maybe not.
        
         | jrimbault wrote:
         | https://azgaar.github.io/Fantasy-Map-Generator/ ? there are
         | lots of options
        
         | dcminter wrote:
         | Sounds viable to me!
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | There was a site posted here a couple of years ago where you
         | could select an area in OpenStreetMaps and it be would stylize
         | and carve it into a piece of wood using a CNC machine and send
         | to you.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Nope; Google Maps has had april fools' projects a few times
         | where they do something similar, like their 8 bit version:
         | https://youtu.be/rznYifPHxDg
        
         | cstuder wrote:
         | Or use a pre-rendered map tiles and "just" replace the font:
         | http://maps.stamen.com/toner-lite
        
         | ragebol wrote:
         | - Do some edge detection, extract vector paths from those
         | instead of just a bitmap, have a plotter with ink pen, plot! -
         | ???, - profit?
        
         | rytis wrote:
         | Why not use vector data from OSM?
        
       | KineticLensman wrote:
       | IMO the features look Tolkienish, but the fonts don't.
       | 
       | Tolkien himself said 'I wisely started with a map, and made the
       | story fit'. However, the geography itself isn't realistic. This
       | is discussed in [0], with the tagline 'Middle-earth's got 99
       | problems, and mountains are basically 98 of them.' In summary,
       | the mountains are essentially linear features that create
       | barriers useful from a plot point of view. The Misty Mountains
       | run north-south, and form a right angle with the Ered Nimrais,
       | which run E-W and separate Gondor from everything else. The Ered
       | Nimrais themselves have a right-angle with the Ephel Duath, which
       | are the western side of the three-sided square of mountains (!)
       | that form the border of Mordor.
       | 
       | The main river of Middle Earth - the Anduin - runs parallel with
       | the Misty Mountains - and itself appears to emerge at 90 degrees
       | from the Ered Mithrin, the mountains that run E-W along the top
       | of the Middle Earth map.
       | 
       | Real geographic features tend not to form right angles.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.tor.com/2017/08/01/tolkiens-map-and-the-
       | messed-u...
        
         | ximeng wrote:
         | http://www.shadedrelief.com/world/Data/map1_type.jpg a good map
         | of mountain ranges to search for counterexamples. Lake
         | Maracaibo in Venezuela is surrounded by mountains on three
         | sides and the Magdalena river runs parallel with the Andes and
         | has some squarish curves. It also seems likely that the map
         | could be thought of as not being accurate itself with the "real
         | world" geography of Middle Earth given its sketchy design.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _Real geographic features tend not to form right angles._
         | 
         | Assuming they were created by normal geological processes and
         | not magic. I could see why an evil wizard would want to create
         | a 'natural' castle around his fortress with mountains.
        
           | hcrisp wrote:
           | It was the Valar. Whatever theory you come up with has to
           | accommodate the geography of the Hidden City of Gondolin
           | (search Google Images to see it illustrated). Aule, Ulmo, or
           | Melkor, someone fashioned it in such a way that it was able
           | to preserve Turgon and the other elves for 400 years until it
           | was betrayed to Morgoth.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | > I could see why an evil wizard would want to create a
           | 'natural' castle around his fortress with mountains.
           | 
           | Yes, but Mordor was created before Sauron achieved his power.
           | Perhaps it was long-range contingency planning by Melkor
           | (Sauron's original boss).
        
           | Naga wrote:
           | Reading the article, the author posed that as the most likely
           | (well, the only) explanation for Mordor.
        
             | akjssdk wrote:
             | I think the author is also severely underestimating how
             | early Tolkien starting working on his maps. The Hobbit
             | (published in 1937) already came with a somewhat fleshed
             | out map of the Misty Mountains and surroundings, and it is
             | fair to assume that from this the remainder of Middle-Earth
             | was fleshed out. (I cannot quickly find somewhere when he
             | first drew a complete map of Middle-Earth, but Wikipedia
             | notes that "The paper became soft, torn and yellowed
             | through intensive use, and a fold down the centre had to be
             | mended using parcel tape" [1]. So he probably knew what
             | Middle-Earth looked like for quite some time, maybe even
             | late 1930s?
             | 
             | To presume that Tolkien would have had an understanding of
             | the then state-of-the-art theories around continental drift
             | is a bit hopeful. In fact, plate tectonics did come to be
             | accepted until the 50s/60s, so Tolkien could barely have
             | known of the theory when writing LOTR and especially not
             | when drawing the initial map.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps#The_Lord
             | _of_t...
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | I don't have a better link than yours, but books I own
               | talk about maps of the wider Middle Earth (first age)
               | being developed in the 1920s and 30s (e.g. a recognizable
               | Silmarillion Map from the 1930s).
               | 
               | The mapping in The Hobbit was finalised in 1936 and
               | published in 1937, and was started in the late 1920s.
               | Detailed maps of Middle Earth for TLOTR were produced in
               | the 1940s, e.g. a contour map of Minas Morgul from 1944,
               | although I can't find a date for the first rough maps.
               | 
               | To my mind there is a bit of a tension between Tolkien's
               | "I started with a map..." comment and the fact that the
               | story took a while to settle [0] down on the core theme
               | of the One Ring and the need for a quest through Middle
               | Earth (hence the map) that would destroy it.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings#W
               | riting
        
               | akjssdk wrote:
               | Regarding your last point: if I remember the foreword to
               | the 2nd edition Tolkien describes his writing process as
               | essentially being spatially. He moves his characters from
               | place to place, and seems to only have put in a core
               | theme later on. This also agrees with the whole "Tolkien
               | wrote a book so he could talk about
               | cultures/languages/something" theme. This would also
               | suggest that he had in his mind something of a map or
               | layout of Middle-Earth very early on. And than there is
               | the complicated interaction with the Silmarillion, which
               | was developed long before the Hobbit even (1914), but
               | also during writing of the Hobbit and TLOTR. [1] So
               | disentangling where exactly he came up with what seems
               | almost impossible (and something that many Tolkien
               | scholars, including Christopher Tolkien, have spent quite
               | some time studying!)
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Develo
               | pment
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | > So disentangling where exactly he came up with what
               | seems almost impossible (and something that many Tolkien
               | scholars, including Christopher Tolkien, have spent quite
               | some time studying!)
               | 
               | Yes. To be honest I read several of CT's books on the
               | history of Tolkien's writing but intentionally stopped
               | when he reached TLOTR because I didn't want to see one of
               | my favourite books deconstructed, e.g. the 'too many
               | hobbits' versions, before the hobbit Strider became the
               | ranger Aragorn, for example. I suspect reading those
               | volumes may make the interrelationships clearer but I
               | probably won't do that.
        
         | jccooper wrote:
         | Indeed. The lettering is not Tolkien-map-style, and it uses the
         | movie "style" of dropping unnecessary (and incorrect) tengwar
         | diacritics all over to make it look "fantasy".
        
         | dcminter wrote:
         | I was just re-reading it (LoTR) the last few days and I often
         | found myself thinking that the geography didn't seem very
         | natural; delightful to read this in the light of that!
         | 
         | It seems to have been submitted a handful of times in the past
         | without getting traction, but maybe do so again? It's an
         | excellent read and a shame it hasn't got much attention in the
         | past.
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | "massive rivers that run parallel to those mountain ranges for
         | long distances"
         | 
         | Doesn't the Brahmaputra run fairly parallel to the Himalayas
         | for quite a long distance?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra_River
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | Middle Earth (which is one continent on the world called Arda)
         | didn't evolve by natural geological processes, it was created
         | by a god-like being (one of the Valar) called Aule [1]. These
         | beings would continue to personally shape and transform the
         | world over its short history (a few thousand years), compared
         | to the real world. I think it's entirely reasonable for the
         | features to look designed when in fact it is.
         | 
         | [1] http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Middle_Earth#History
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | Well yes. There was also some fairly extreme post-creation
           | remodelling, e.g. the flooding of Beleriand and then the
           | Drowning of Numenor.
        
         | mebassett wrote:
         | > Real geographic features tend not to form right angles.
         | 
         | This is a common criticism of Tolkien's maps, that the
         | mountains are "unnatural". It's a peculiar criticism since the
         | most egregious example, the 90 degree angles at Mordor, are
         | actually taken from a real life mountain range, the Carpathian
         | Mountains!
         | 
         | see http://www.newsandtimes.com/2017/08/in-defense-of-
         | tolkiens-m...
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | The mappings in the linked article have one or two issues
           | themselves. The first map of Europe, for example, represents
           | the Massif Central [0] as linear feature at right angles to
           | the Pyrenees, when it is actually a large plateau.
           | 
           | In general what Third Age Middle Earth doesn't have is ranges
           | like the Rockies that rise over hundreds of miles to their
           | centres. Tolkien's characters often see lines of peaks on the
           | horizon with minor foot hills, rather that gradual inclines
           | than take weeks to traverse.
           | 
           | [Edit]
           | 
           | > are actually taken from a real life mountain range, the
           | Carpathian Mountains!
           | 
           | I'm not aware that Tolkien explicitly based the mountains
           | that surround Mordor on the Carpathians or anywhere else for
           | that mattter.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif_Central#/media/File:
           | Fra...
        
         | syoc wrote:
         | One thing to note about mountains is that they can have been
         | artificially created during earlier times. The misty mountains
         | were for instance intentionally created to be hard to pass[1].
         | Angles might make more sense then.
         | 
         | [1] https://lotr.fandom.com/wiki/Misty_Mountains
        
       | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
       | > I draw on A5 (210 x 297mm).
       | 
       | Typo there, that size is A4. Size A5 is half that, 210 x 148 mm
        
       | macintux wrote:
       | The site appears effectively abandoned, but I found this to be an
       | interesting browse, effectively a GIS portal for Middle Earth:
       | http://arda-maps.org
        
       | Isamu wrote:
       | Here I thought it would be about spotting an Apple Maps horse
       | cart being drawn through the Shire.
        
       | rkhassen9 wrote:
       | Can't wait to try this!
       | 
       | It's great to find an article on something that looks fun just
       | for the sake of doing it. Would love to see more like this on HN.
        
       | zo1 wrote:
       | Off topic. Wow - one of the images on that page had me dizzy.
       | Seems to be triggering some sort optical illusion effect that
       | does not play well with my head. First time I've encountered
       | something like this, despite looking at many optical illusions
       | and "seizure-triggering" content in the past.
       | 
       | https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/image-library/newsroom/blog...
        
       | adflux wrote:
       | I'm sorry but I don't really think this is appropriate. Not only
       | is he copying the maps Tolkien made himself, he is also copying
       | his style and font typings almost 1:1...
       | 
       | If this was open source work, sure. But he's charging quite an
       | amount for something I personally consider plagiarism.
       | 
       | EDIT: For anyone unaware, he's selling these on his personal
       | site.
        
         | madmoose wrote:
         | Tolkien has been dead for a while now, I don't think he minds.
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | JRR has been dead for a while, but his estate still exists
           | and has been highly protective of his works (putting it
           | kindly). They're the reason it took so long for a movie to be
           | made, and why LOTR Online had to make up a bunch of stuff to
           | fill in for inaccessible source material.
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | I am not convinced that copying style is somehow evil.
        
           | adflux wrote:
           | Neither am I, I just think its icky.
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | He's handy producing these things and gives a fairly detailed
         | tutorial on how to do the same thing.
         | 
         | As I love OS maps _and_ Tolkien I really like this - I might
         | even try and get him to do my local map square.
        
           | adflux wrote:
           | He does commissions aswell, if you check his website.
        
         | galadran wrote:
         | 1. Of the literally hundreds of maps on his site, there are
         | only two which are actually based on Middle Earth.
         | 
         | 2. 'Style' is not copyrightable. No one owes royalties to
         | Picasso for Cubism.
         | 
         | 3. Plagiarism is representing someone else's work as your own.
         | The tag line of his site is literally "Tolkien Inspired
         | Cartography". He's very clear that he's following Tolkien's
         | style.
         | 
         | 4. Tolkien borrowed from previous cartographers, his own style
         | evolved considerably over time and what you probably think of
         | as the iconic Tolkien map, was actually by Pauline Baynes.
        
           | adflux wrote:
           | I'm not saying its illegal. I just think it's cheap.
        
             | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
             | Tolkien is 50 years dead, The Hobbit's copyright expires in
             | 10 years. I think it's fine.
        
             | dageshi wrote:
             | I would call the second or third person copying what he's
             | doing "cheap", I wouldn't call what he's doing cheap.
        
             | SamBam wrote:
             | Would someone who paints photographs for you in the style
             | of Van Gogh's _Starry Night_ also be  "cheap?"
             | 
             | Particularly if their website were called
             | "StarryNightPhotos.com" and they clearly said on their site
             | "these are painted in the style of Van Gogh?"
             | 
             | Because that's all this is. And there are plenty of AI
             | sites that do exactly what I just said but poorly, and
             | probably plenty of artists with a side-job of doing
             | something like that better.
        
       | stakkur wrote:
       | This reminds me of a recent mapmaker I discovered (and ordered a
       | map from): https://lordofmaps.com/
        
       | tutfbhuf wrote:
       | I would like to have a trained neural network that can generate
       | Tolkien maps from existing map images and a filter for google
       | maps or OpenStreetMap that can render the maps in Tolkien mode.
        
         | dageshi wrote:
         | When I was travelling around Asia around 13-14 years ago I came
         | across this map of Yangshuo
         | 
         | https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-china-guangxi-yuangshuo-or...
         | 
         | One of my favourite maps, the picture doesn't actually do it
         | justice the other side had one covering a much larger area in
         | the same style.
         | 
         | I honestly think maps like this and in other fantasy styles
         | would be better for people exploring a country.
        
         | habi wrote:
         | Here's what you can achieve with some OSM tools:
         | http://anamnese.online.fr/carte/leaflet.html
         | 
         | This is via https://help.openstreetmap.org/questions/4496/how-
         | to-create-... and https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Ceyx and
         | https://www.cartographersguild.com/showthread.php?t=5409&pag...
        
       | iudqnolq wrote:
       | This is tangentially related, but I want to call out the ordnance
       | survey for making their data available. A large portion of their
       | data is licensed under the UK's Open Government License.
       | 
       | The map tiles themselves aren't, but they recently moved from a
       | "call one of our partners for a quote" model for licensing to an
       | extremely cheap and friendly model. In "development mode" you get
       | rate limited to about one request per second but it's free, in
       | "production mode" their hiking maps are $0.000046 per tile with
       | the first ~$1,400 per month free.
       | 
       | This made a hobby project of mine (an open source backpacking map
       | for Android) feasible. I found it interesting that the previous
       | situation seemed to be because they couldn't be bother/didn't
       | have the resources to open up, not because they had a reason to
       | want to keep things more restricted.
       | 
       | My only remaining complaint is the license doesn't allow you to
       | cache for more than 24 hours. All commercial outdoors maps apps
       | allow caching for longer because you might be out of cell service
       | for a few weeks, and I wish I could offer this feature. I'd be
       | totally fine if it cost more.
       | 
       | Edit: fyi, my number doesn't match their pricing page because I
       | changed the unit to make more sense to someone not super familiar
       | with maps and converted to USD.
        
         | tweetle_beetle wrote:
         | I wouldn't give the organisation too much credit. It might be
         | that they are modernising and friendlier now, but from memory,
         | they were very much forced into the start of the process of
         | opening up in the early 2000s. Before, it pretty much had a
         | monopoly on the data which had been collected at the taxpayers
         | expense, and was effectively run as a private company which,
         | among other things, sold products using this data to taxpayers
         | at a profit.
        
         | jfk13 wrote:
         | > I want to call out the ordinance survey for making their data
         | available
         | 
         | Nit-picking: it's "ordnance", not "ordinance". They're not
         | interchangeable, even though they share a common origin.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | Ordnance literally means artillery; shells and bullets :)
        
             | abstractbeliefs wrote:
             | Which is exactly how they got their name: the Ordnance
             | Survey was the organisation responsible for generating
             | accurate maps for the purposes of planning and executing
             | artillery shoots.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | That actually makes more sense than "Ordinance Survey" :)
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | It could be the national government's legally
               | authoritative survey :)
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | To be precise, their original goal [0] was to map
               | Scotland in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745,
               | to to help the crown to subjugate the clans (as opposed
               | to just lobbing arty fire at them).
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnance_Survey#Origins
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | Thanks! This is the first time I've written the word out, I
           | always abbreviate it OS
        
             | Maursault wrote:
             | Actually, you were correct [1], jfk13 is mistaken, but it
             | was an easy mistake to make.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnance_Survey
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | I corrected it in an edit. I originally spelled it
               | Ordinance.
        
         | vchuravy wrote:
         | What's the name of your app? I have been looking for something
         | like that. OS maps really are fantastic.
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | I made the questionable choice to write my map renderer from
           | scratch, got it barely working, then got bored and abandoned
           | the project at least for now. When I finish my current pet
           | project I plan to replace it with an existing renderer and
           | focus on the hiking/backpacking specific features I can add.
           | 
           | If you want something that actually works I highly recommend
           | Gaia. They only have OS's driving maps built-in, but you
           | should be able to manually add OS's leisure maps. Reasonable
           | usage will definitely fit within OS's free tier, but you'll
           | probably need to pay Gaia for pro. Disclaimer: I've worked
           | with the tech this described a lot, but not actually done the
           | steps I'm suggesting.
           | 
           | See:
           | 
           | https://osdatahub.os.uk/docs/wmts/overview
           | 
           | https://help.gaiagps.com/hc/en-
           | us/articles/360047068634-How-...
           | 
           | My WIP project:
           | https://github.com/danielzfranklin/backpackingmap
        
       | vmilner wrote:
       | I'd really like to see the fictitious Island of Sodor from Thomas
       | the Tank Engine done in a proper UK Ordnance Survey map style!
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodor_(fictional_island)
        
         | Wildgoose wrote:
         | For those not checking the link, Sodor is based upon the real
         | life Isle of Man.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | anotheryou wrote:
       | I think stamen maps "toner" render is a good start :)
       | 
       | http://maps.stamen.com/#toner/12/37.7706/-122.3782
       | 
       | (make sure to chech out the shading on watercolor too though!)
        
       | ptrkcsk wrote:
       | Similar: https://lordofmaps.com/
        
       | danaris wrote:
       | Urgh. Yet another place using the terrible example of the movies
       | where it comes to the LotR typography.
       | 
       | The three little dots over the letters are a diacritic used in
       | Tengwar (the elven script). The movies used them (and, IIRC, a
       | couple of the other Tengwar diacritics--there are several) to
       | give the _English_ maps drawn in-universe by Bilbo a
       | "Tolkienian" quality. It would be like putting random accent
       | marks over letters to give it a "foreign" quality: sure, it looks
       | all fancy and exotic to your average American who never learned a
       | second language, but those marks _mean_ something _and you 're
       | using them wrong_.
       | 
       | For reference, here's[0] what part of the map Tolkien made
       | _actually_ looks like. Some of the words _do_ have diacritics,
       | but they 're meaningful ones (eg, Gwathlo), and none of them are
       | elven diacritics.
       | 
       | [0] http://topazgryphon.org/middleearthnorthwest.png
        
       | rubidium wrote:
       | This looks like a new hobby for me :)
       | 
       | I want a "how to draw Tolkien maps" article by this guy that
       | gives examples of trees, mountains, cities, etc... in a point by
       | point way and the tricks to making the style work.
       | 
       | There's more on his website to learn from examples so I'll start
       | there I suppose: https://middleearthsmaps.com/pages/about
       | 
       | Edit: for some of the HN crowd, this one is likely of interest,
       | https://middleearthsmaps.com/collections/my-favourite-square...
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | Seems appropriate that there is one for Lauterbrunnen - the
         | real life influence for Rivendell:
         | 
         | https://middleearthsmaps.com/products/lauterbrunnen-switzerl...
        
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