[HN Gopher] Cyber Attack on Iran's Nuclear Facility
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Cyber Attack on Iran's Nuclear Facility
        
       Author : stunt
       Score  : 218 points
       Date   : 2021-04-11 15:56 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | 88840-8855 wrote:
       | When this stuff happens here then we call it "Putin job" and
       | demand sanctions.
       | 
       | Just for fun, I suggest we say it was "Biden" and demand
       | sanctions against the USA. :)
       | 
       | Aaaaaaand let the downvoting begin.
        
         | throw_this_one wrote:
         | Downvoting because your comment is brainless lol.
         | 
         | Did Israel say they are going to destroy Iran? Or did Iran say
         | they are going to destroy Israel? Answer that question and then
         | you will understand.
        
         | dane-pgp wrote:
         | Why would the US support sanctions against a country that
         | attacked its enemy?
         | 
         | I'm not saying that "The enemy of my enemy is my friend" is
         | always a good strategy, but you seem to be advocating for "The
         | enemy of my enemy is my enemy", which makes less sense.
        
           | FpUser wrote:
           | >"Why would the US support sanctions against a country that
           | attacked its enemy"
           | 
           | Of course it would not. And you can't really blame such
           | behavior because every country does the same. Just do not be
           | a hypocrite and cry a river when being hacked.
        
             | dane-pgp wrote:
             | It's not exactly hypocrisy to complain when someone attacks
             | you and not complain when your enemy gets attacked.
             | 
             | I suppose you could say that it's hypocrisy to complain
             | about being attacked while also happily attacking other
             | countries (which would be relevant if the US was
             | responsible for this attack on Iran).
             | 
             | In general though, people and countries like to believe
             | that they are in the right, and that there is no
             | justification for someone attacking them, whereas if they
             | attack someone else it's because they deserved it or it was
             | self-defence.
             | 
             | I don't think we should condemn all self-defence as
             | hypocritical, but perhaps a better argument for hypocrisy
             | in this case is the fact that the US and Israel are both
             | nuclear powers trying to prevent Iran from becoming one.
             | Even that is an over-simplification, though.
        
       | ffggvv wrote:
       | likely israel because they can no longer trust the US president
       | to not give away the keys to the kingdom
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | Famous Iran lover... Joe Biden?
        
       | kowlo wrote:
       | Looks like this is descending quicker than usual on the HN front-
       | page [1], anyone know why?
       | 
       | [1] https://ibb.co/0hjnyq7
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | More comments than upvotes for the article itself. That usually
         | indicates a flame war. And the comments have sometimes tended
         | that direction...
        
       | pygar wrote:
       | If Iran got close to creating a Nuke wouldn't the US just bomb
       | the site? Iran must surely know that it will not get away with
       | building nukes either. So what are they doing?
       | 
       | Iran's bark is larger then it's bite. I think it just wants to
       | use its nuclear activities as a bargaining chip for sanction
       | relief.
       | 
       | So why should the US do anything at all regarding Iran? It can
       | destroy those sites easily enough if it needs to.
       | 
       | Why doesn't it just refuse to negotiate and keep Iran poor?
       | 
       | Iran's military threat are, relatively, a mild annoyance, and
       | calling their bluff and immediately escalating as trump did when
       | he killed Soleimani seems to temper them as any escalation hurts
       | them a lot more then it does the US.
       | 
       | I think when we treat Iran as a real threat, as we did with NK,
       | it just gives them more legitimacy then they deserve.
        
         | roca wrote:
         | > wouldn't the US just bomb the site?
         | 
         | Iran's critical sites are well bunkerized. It's not clear that
         | any non-nuclear attack would get through.
        
         | Paddywack wrote:
         | > It can destroy those sites easily enough if it needs to.
         | 
         | Is it as simple as that? (1) There is a continuum from dirty
         | bombs to full Nukes that makes it a bit more messy. (2) Are
         | Nukes not more "hideable" than this? For example, why has NK
         | not had theirs bombed?
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | > For example, why has NK not had theirs bombed?
           | 
           | Because of a country up north.
        
             | yongjik wrote:
             | > > For example, why has NK not had theirs bombed?
             | 
             | > Because of a country up north.
             | 
             | ...and another country down south as well. There are fifty
             | million citizens of a country officially allied with
             | America who would appreciate not having a nuclear war next
             | door, thank you very much.
        
           | pygar wrote:
           | The size of the sites they need to make the nukes are not
           | small. It's more a matter of Intellegence knowing whats going
           | on there.
           | 
           | The issue with NK, to my understading, is that any action
           | there would lead to SK ( A densely populated country) being
           | attacked with a lot regular missiles that would be hard to
           | prevent.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure US will do nothing if Iran will come up with a
         | nuke, nor will it change anything in the region at large.
         | 
         | Pre-Syrian-war balance of power was such that any neighbouring
         | power had material resources to flatten Israel few times over,
         | with, or without nuclear weapons, sans the small detail of
         | their military leadership being a complete joke.
        
       | ajcp wrote:
       | The real take-away from this is that you have a _very_ competent
       | cyber-actor (Iran) getting pancaked _at will_ by an _extremely_
       | competent cyber-actor (Israel) in what one would presume to be
       | one of it 's most, _if not most_, cybersecure locations (Natanz).
       | 
       | Nation-states using cyber capabilities in this way, and the non-
       | response it evokes, is reminiscent of how pre-WWI nation-states
       | would conduct policy and international affairs with their armies.
       | 
       | It's something I wish the general public were more cognizant of.
       | We need to openly talk about this type of power and conflict.
       | Otherwise we're going to have another WWI-type moment, where it
       | takes millions of people dying before we realize that the state
       | of the game has changed because of new technologies.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | > a _very_ competent cyber-actor (Iran)
         | 
         | Nation state security competence includes locking down USB
         | ports so someone can't deploy malware found off the street.
        
           | ajcp wrote:
           | The same thing that has plagued the U.S. DoD since the advent
           | of USB, but there's no denying that the U.S. is an
           | _extremely_ competent cyber-actor.
        
             | rebuilder wrote:
             | It seems defense is harder than offense in this context.
        
             | kijin wrote:
             | Attacking is often easier than defense. How many countries
             | that have ICBMs can reliably block incoming ICBMs?
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | On paper or in reality?
        
               | spijdar wrote:
               | Either, really. Very few have the ability even in theory,
               | whether anyone could intercept a bunch of ICBMs launched
               | "in anger" seems questionable. Seems like an apt analogy
               | talking about cybersecurity defenses.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | Well yeah, that's what I mean. I'm not convinced any of
               | these actually work.
        
           | GartzenDeHaes wrote:
           | Sprinkling HID's or usb's with modified firmware around the
           | target organization's parking lot is almost guaranteed to
           | work. People get curious and few understand the danger.
        
         | Natsu wrote:
         | I wonder if they sealed up their USB ports so nobody would
         | randomly plug in a USB key this time?
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | Pretty sure there is a myriad of american working and middle
         | class that would outright oppose a draft now more than ever.
         | The government would have to go full on chinese censorship with
         | the internet to suppress free speech regarding why you
         | shouldn't have to go.
        
         | shoto_io wrote:
         | There is a new cyber study from HP and a UK Uni.
         | 
         |  _"We may be at far greater risk from the internet than was
         | ever suspected," Michail McGuire, senior lecturer of
         | criminology, said. His new study of the nation-state
         | cybersphere shows that we may be closer to advanced cyber
         | conflict (cyberwar) than at any point since the inception of
         | the internet._
         | 
         | I thought it was far fetched, but incident like this show it's
         | not.
         | 
         | https://press.hp.com/content/dam/sites/garage-press/press/pr...
        
           | ajcp wrote:
           | > A cyber-treaty won't be coming overnight: As a
           | comparatively new area of international relations, there are
           | fewer 'rules' and far more grey areas - for example, blurred
           | lines between Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups and
           | Nation States. While there is hope we will one day come to an
           | agreement on cyberwarfare and cyberweapons, today there is
           | very little in place that can stem the tide.
           | 
           | And there it is on page 1!
           | 
           | Excellent contribution, thank you so much for this.
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | _" closer"_ as in _" if you listen to the firewall log, you
           | can hear the artillery"_
        
         | waihtis wrote:
         | Having competency in red team scenarios doesn't translate to
         | having a cyber-proof national infrastructure, as is evident.
         | 
         | They are actually two wildly different problem sets. And the
         | latter is boring & unsexy.
        
           | tetha wrote:
           | Also in my opinion, blue teaming is harder. Red team has to
           | find one weakness to win. If blue team misses any system,
           | vulnerability, process, anything, they are in trouble against
           | the right attackers.
           | 
           | This can be seen by how many automated infiltration agents
           | are around, and how few automated defense systems. And how
           | annoyingly succesful they are.
        
             | waihtis wrote:
             | Absolutely. The cyber security asymmetry in play. I'm
             | actually working on this problem so it's very close to
             | heart!
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | Can be achieved not only through technological means but also
         | sabotage and infiltration.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | > Nation-states using cyber capabilities in this way
         | 
         | Strictly speaking, Iran is not a nation-state. It is a
         | multiethnic state.
         | 
         | The way to avoid this confusion is to write 'state' (problem
         | here is that this word also refers to American states) or
         | 'country' (I think people might feel like this word is not
         | sufficiently sophisticated?).
         | 
         | However the error is understandable as it is particularly
         | common in discussions about cybersecurity (or national
         | security, where 'national' means the USA). It's especially
         | silly in those cases as some typical US adversaries (Iran,
         | Russia) are states which are not nation states.
        
           | ajcp wrote:
           | This is true, although when I was studying international
           | relations "nation-state" was an accepted catch-all for a
           | "top-level" polity in international politics.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | "State-level actor" is, I guess, the accurate schmancy way to
           | say "country".
        
           | gen220 wrote:
           | Is it not the case that a nation can be multiethnic?
           | 
           | I don't see how Iran's multiethnic populace disqualifies it's
           | claim on a national identity (Shia Islam).
           | 
           | On the wiki page for multinational states, I find reasonable
           | examples (Russia, Belgium, UK), and Iran is absent. [1] Does
           | this have to do with the Kurdish nation claiming territory
           | within Iran?
           | 
           | Not trying to say you're wrong, just trying to understand the
           | terminology better.
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_state
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | Nation is a word with two meanings. One is 'country' so the
             | answer is yes (note that nation-state is a silly phrase
             | under this meaning). You see it in terms like
             | nationalisation of industry or national anthem. The other
             | meaning is a group of people with (typically) shared
             | ethnicity, cultural heritage, language, and often, country.
             | For this a multiethnic country doesn't usually fit the
             | bill. But to some extent words can mean whatever you want
             | them to and lots of groups want themselves to be considered
             | nations (either to promote some unity across diverse people
             | or to push out undesirable groups) even if they don't
             | strictly fit the usual definition.
        
               | parshua wrote:
               | What are you even talking about? Not only is Iran a
               | nation-state, it is probably one of the first nation-
               | states to exist. The Name of the country itself is close
               | to 2000 years old, and the language they speak is at
               | least 1400 years old. They have had a continuous culture
               | for millennia, and identify themselves as a nation, by
               | name, culture and mostly the language.
        
           | eternalban wrote:
           | > Strictly speaking, Iran is not a nation-state. It is a
           | multiethnic state.
           | 
           | Switzerland, Britain, ...
           | 
           | Strictly speaking, you need to consult the dictionary.
           | 
           |  _noun: a large aggregate of people united by common descent,
           | history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular
           | country or territory: leading industrialized nations._
           | 
           | Iran checks multiple boxes on that list.
           | 
           | As for US, is it really a nation or is it a corporate spin
           | off? Curious, too, how those 13 bars ended up as 13
           | "states"..
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | So it's complicated because there is a loose definition of
             | nation as a synonym of country (eg nationalised industry,
             | national anthem, ...) and a second more narrow definition
             | which is the one used in the term 'nation-state.' But if
             | the former definition of nation is being used then it is
             | entirely redundant and writing a long confusing term
             | instead of a well understood one is just lazy writing.
             | 
             | Wikipedia gives a more narrow definition of nation-state
             | than you (but English dictionaries by their nature tend to
             | give broad definitions)
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_state
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | Nothing in the article speaks to either Iran's nor Israel's
         | cyber competencies, those aren't take-aways, _you_ brought
         | them.
         | 
         | From where I'm sitting, Iran is a cyber circus.
        
           | ajcp wrote:
           | The article is reporting on an event. We apply analysis and
           | context to that event so that we may understand it's
           | implications and effects. We then conduct our lives
           | accordingly. In that we have taken something away with us
           | from the article.
        
         | lovedswain wrote:
         | > _very_ competent cyber-actor
         | 
         | Please elaborate on this. As someone with direct exposure to
         | this area and in this geography, my experience could not be
         | described this way at all.
         | 
         | Let's not forget Iran's first "military satellite" was launched
         | with an over the counter unencrypted amateur cubesat
         | transponder manufactured by a Californian company
        
           | kodah wrote:
           | In my mind, most countries can't figure out how to plan or
           | coordinate a cyber-attack. With a limited pool of nations to
           | pick from, even being able to coordinate an attack makes you
           | relatively "very competent" (among your peers), however, that
           | would also be a matter of perspective. It's equally valid to
           | determine a criteria of competency and rank/describe
           | countries based on those thresholds.
        
           | dfsegoat wrote:
           | I am not at all involved in security, but from my novice
           | understanding, they appear somewhat competent.
           | 
           | Wiping of a US casino's IT infra in 2014:
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/information-
           | technology/2014/12/irani...
           | 
           | Breaching of critical power/water infrastructure in 2015:
           | 
           | https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/hackers-
           | infrastructure-1....
        
             | stunt wrote:
             | Iran has been both victim and predator of several
             | cyberwarfare operations. They clearly have the experience
             | and they are spending a lot of resources for a long time.
             | 
             | A quick search about their operations:
             | 
             | - Shamoon malware was categorized as cyberwarfare and it
             | was used against Saudi Aramco, allegedly by Iran.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamoon
             | 
             | - A blackout in Turkey was also linked to Iran
             | 
             | https://observer.com/2015/04/iran-flexes-its-power-by-
             | transp...
             | 
             | - Iran is also (allegedly) active in Information Warfare,
             | which is much more complicated than technical cyber
             | attacks.
             | 
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/16/russia-and-iran-tried-to-
             | int...
             | 
             | - Israel and Iran are actively attacking each others
             | infrastructure for a while.
             | 
             | https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/05/israel-and-iran-just-
             | sh...
             | 
             | - Operation Newscaster. Cyber espionage and social
             | engineering targeted senior U.S. military and diplomatic
             | personnel, congresspeople, journalists, lobbyists, think
             | tankers and defense contractors.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Newscaster
             | 
             | - Operation Cleaver. targeted the military, oil and gas,
             | energy and utilities, transportation, airlines, airports,
             | hospitals and aerospace industries organizations worldwide.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cleaver
        
               | 1cvmask wrote:
               | The observer article on the blackout in Turkey caused
               | allegedly by Iran is just an opinion piece and claims to
               | be one.
        
             | tedivm wrote:
             | What you see them doing isn't all that impressive. For the
             | most part when you see these types of retaliatory attacks
             | they look complicated but the reality is that they're
             | fairly low tech.
             | 
             | For the casino hacks they brute forced some passwords and
             | then wrote malware with Visual Basic to steal more
             | credentials. The technical barriers there are fairly low.
             | For the attacks on the water infrastructure they probably
             | just scanned looking for open systems and ran off the shelf
             | exploits on the ones that looked the most interesting.
             | 
             | Attacking in this way is a lot easier than attacking a
             | specific target. If I just wanted to "hurt" a country from
             | a PR perspective then there's a lot of attack surface, and
             | you only need to get one or two things through to make the
             | news. Targeting something like a secure nuclear facility is
             | orders of magnitude more difficult.
        
               | stunt wrote:
               | If you follow the cyberwarfare space, most of the
               | powerful attacks are actually infowar, and social
               | engineering, and human intelligence. It's not always as
               | technical as Stuxnet (even Stuxnet wasn't possible
               | without information operations and human intelligence).
               | Intelligence Gathering and Cyber Intelligence are the
               | most effective and powerful divisions.
        
               | Veserv wrote:
               | Yes, what you observe them doing is not all that
               | impressive, but that is all that is needed to attack
               | these systems. There is no need to send a cruise missile
               | when a light shove is enough.
               | 
               | Essentially every deployed system is so littered with
               | security defects in every facet of both design and
               | implementation that successful attacks against them can
               | be developed and deployed at a cost of just a few tens of
               | thousands to maybe a million dollars for a really good
               | attack at the high end. Any reasonably-sized state actor
               | can deploy literally thousands of times that many
               | resources against their adversaries without even blinking
               | and we know that the NSA and CIA were independently
               | running hacking programs capable of attacking essentially
               | every publicly deployed system in the world. Offense is
               | so easy and defense is so bad it is ridiculous.
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | If citing a couple boneheaded moves like that mean they're
           | not a competent actor, then who is? Consider:
           | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nuclear-missile-
           | code-00000000...
        
             | kps wrote:
             | That wasn't incompetence, it was malicious compliance.
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | I agree with your wider point but...
           | 
           | Launching a satellite means you can put a warhead anywhere on
           | earth and no one can stop it. It's a achievement in rocketry,
           | not whatever is on the end of the rocket. The actual
           | satellite could be a crushed car for all anyone cares.
        
           | ajcp wrote:
           | Given when we're talking about nations states as cyber-actors
           | we're working with a pool of ~190. Compared to 90% of the
           | other nation-states out there Iran is a _very_ competent
           | cyber-actor. Enough so that it may even export that
           | capability. This still means there are ~20 that are more
           | competent, if not _extremely_ so.
           | 
           | Given your exposure in this geography can you name any of
           | it's neighbors who have greater or even equal competency that
           | aren't Israel or don't use citizens from an _extremely_
           | competent nation-state? They certainly had their way with
           | Aramco, so not Saudi Arabia. Egypt? Jordan? Syria? Iraq?
           | Perhaps Lebanon? And this just their neighbors. What about
           | compared to Portugal or Spain? South Africa? Nigeria?
           | Argentina or Mexico?
        
             | lovedswain wrote:
             | > Compared to 90% of the other nation-states out there Iran
             | is a _very_ competent cyber-actor.
             | 
             | .
             | 
             | > Given your exposure in this geography can you name any of
             | it's neighbors
             | 
             | Saudi Arabia targetted at least Bezos' phone
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | This is all pretty silly, isn't it? For the dollar
               | figures involved in pulling off a highly-sophisticated
               | attack (one that chains multiple zero days, including
               | some in obscure products that imply the commissioning of
               | vulnerabilities and not just their purchase off the
               | black-market shelf as well as some in mainstream products
               | with a real bidding interest), you're _still_ talking
               | about amounts of money so low that Cape Verde could be a
               | _very_ competent cyber-actor if they wanted.
        
               | lovedswain wrote:
               | Seems we're both triggered by this emphasis on "_very_",
               | or even use of that word at all. Obviously Iran has a
               | variety of technical capabilities, such as evidenced by
               | their national firewall and internal infrastructure, but
               | are there any documented offensive campaigns successfully
               | mounted against a foreign target?
               | 
               | The only attacks I know of are low brow phishing, DoS and
               | web site defacements.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Again, I think it's very silly to point at any country,
               | and particularly a country as huge as Iran, and suggest
               | that they're somehow limited to "low-brow phishing, DoS,
               | and website defacements". Iran can pull a million dollars
               | out of their couch cushions any time they want. Do you
               | know how much offensive cyber capability 1MM buys? When
               | it comes to the stuff we use on HN as a measure of
               | sophistication, the answer is: _a lot_.
               | 
               | North Korea can't even feed its own people or keep the
               | lights on in 2/3rds of the country. But nobody suggests
               | they're unsophisticated cyber actors; that would be a
               | demonstrably silly statement. Meanwhile: people routinely
               | travel in and out of Iran; if you're not an American, it
               | remains a major tourist destination. They have trade
               | relationships around the world. They're not a hermit
               | kingdom. If they want a world-class "APT" team, or 15 of
               | them, all they have to do is decide to have them. (I
               | assume they decided that a long time ago).
               | 
               | If you think Iran is unsophisticated or has minimal
               | capabilities, I'd suggest you just look at a map, and,
               | for bonus points, a GDP ranking, and consider that
               | whatever evidence you personally may have collected on
               | Iran's capabilities, you're seeing what they've allowed
               | you to see.
               | 
               | Myself, I wouldn't even pick a fight with Kiribati.
        
               | ajcp wrote:
               | > Again what is this based on
               | 
               | ~170 nations that don't have the capability. Just because
               | a 14-year old in Thailand can mount an attack doesn't
               | mean Thailand's government or civil institutions have or
               | utilize that capability. That makes them less than _very_
               | competent at it.
               | 
               | > Saudi Arabia targetted at least Bezos' phone
               | 
               | And a coup that was, likely using off-the-shelf software
               | from an Italian company composed of engineers from two
               | _extremely_ competent nation-states. That certainly shows
               | how easy it is to acquire the capability, if not the
               | competency. The KSA has been doing it for years with it's
               | armed forces munitions and equipment.
        
       | stunt wrote:
       | "Israeli media have suggested that the malfunction was a result
       | of an Israeli cyber attack."
       | 
       | "Last July, sabotage was blamed for a fire at the Natanz site
       | which hit a central centrifuge assembly workshop."
       | 
       | The same facility was targeted by Stuxnet in 2010.
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | It's in almost everyone's interest to keep Iran from getting
         | nukes. So, if any one of them are planning another sabotage,
         | there's probably a line.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > It's in almost everyone's interest to keep Iran from
           | getting nukes.
           | 
           | It's in almost everyone's interest, absent complete regional
           | disarmament in WMD, for someone other than Israel in the
           | region to get nukes, and Iran is probably the least-bad
           | option.
           | 
           | OTOH, it would reduce the possibility of eventually
           | convincing Israel to go the South Africa route, but its
           | dubious whether that can be managed anyway, short of a
           | similar trigger, which doesn't seem likely in Israel for both
           | demographic and geopolitical reasons.
        
           | rjzzleep wrote:
           | Define "everyone"?
        
             | parsimo2010 wrote:
             | Practically every nation on Earth except Iran. Even the
             | countries that have friendly relations with Iran would
             | prefer to negotiate from a position of power. Notice that
             | even after all these years that neither Russia, China, or
             | any of the other nuclear powers have "lost" nuclear
             | material or technical information to enable Iran to make a
             | nuclear weapon. And none of the non-nuclear powers would be
             | happy if Iran had nukes but they did not.
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | > Practically every nation on Earth except Iran
               | 
               | Including citizens of Iran.
        
             | flyinglizard wrote:
             | The "almost" qualifier was intended for you. Other than
             | that, more nukes on earth aren't good for anyone,
             | especially as Iranian nukes would enable - not restrain -
             | their aggression.
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | I don't know, if Ayatollah Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear
           | weapons is to be trusted, I can identify somewhat with the
           | argument for Iran gaining a deterrent, even though I'd _much_
           | prefer total nuclear disarmament in the region (effectively
           | meaning just Israeli disarmament).
        
             | vxNsr wrote:
             | India and Pakistan aren't in the region?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | As the artificial abstract borders are usually drawn, no,
               | thet are in South Asia not Southwest Asia or MENA; and
               | this isn't _purely_ abstract, India really is not in any
               | meaningful sense part of the region, and Pakistan, which
               | borders rhe conventionally-defined region, is only
               | tangentially, being more focussed on India, China, and
               | Central Asia than the Middle East (except Iran because
               | borders.)
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | payamb wrote:
             | Iran has no other agenda other than producing nuclear bombs
             | and I say this as an Iranian.
             | 
             | Iran has spent tens of billions of dollars in the past
             | decade on what the regime's claims "peaceful nuclear
             | power", ie to produce electricity.
             | 
             | meanwhile after spending tens of billions and four decades
             | what we have is a 1000 MW nuclear power plant, and i assure
             | you that's only a shop front so they can argue enriching
             | uranium and making centrifuges are necessary to fuel the
             | plant.
             | 
             | Iran has 2nd largest natural gas reserves in the world,
             | because of sanctions Iran has lost lots foreign investments
             | it needed to sell it and/or use it to generate electricity.
             | Natural gas costs peanuts in Iran.
             | 
             | We could've made a deal with a foreign company and ask them
             | to build and fuel the power plant for 1/4th of the price
             | and 5 times the capacity like our neighbours
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barakah_nuclear_power_plant)
             | 
             | just in case you don't know, fuel for nuclear power plant
             | is the cheapest item in the bill when you are building one.
             | There is no economic benefit (and lots of disadvantage) to
             | start from scratch and enrich your own fuel.
             | 
             | I don't want a regime who shuts down an airliner and deny
             | it for 3 days have access to nuclear weapons.
             | 
             | do not believe a word from the regime who is killing its
             | own people all the time. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201
             | 9%E2%80%932020_Iranian_prot...)
        
               | 0xFFC wrote:
               | Update: Spelling
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | I usually hear this what-aboutism argument from the
               | people who benefit from current undemocratic regime.
               | 
               | If another country did/do something wrong, that doesn't
               | justify Iran's actions. everyone is responsible for their
               | own action and the reality is current Iranian regime has
               | killed many thousands of it's own citizens.
               | 
               | Iran shutting the plane down and denying for 3 days is
               | not justifiable by any means.
               | 
               | out of curiosity, what is your opinion on 1500 protesters
               | who died during 2019-2020 protests? https://en.wikipedia.
               | org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Iranian_prot...
               | 
               | should we ignore this too because Israel also killed
               | bunch of people?
        
               | 0xFFC wrote:
               | UPDATE: spelling.
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | > It is ironic how the number decreased from 1500 to 300
               | in recent report
               | 
               | even if a single person dies, that matters.
               | 
               | toning it down to 300 doesn't make it look better. each
               | one of them is a human who was killed by Iranian regime.
               | 
               | here is Reuters confirming that number
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-protests-
               | specialrepo...
        
               | dundarious wrote:
               | I don't support the Iranian government, but I also think
               | it was shocking that one of their Generals was
               | assassinated by the US while visiting a friendly nation,
               | Iraq. And Iran's state terrorism in Iraq, Syria, etc., is
               | to me hard to distinguish meaningfully from that of the
               | US in Iraq, Libya, Syria, etc. Somewhat similarly for
               | Israel.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | While visiting a militia in that "friendly" nation. Said
               | militia was attacking US troops with Iranian assistance.
               | So I don't find it all that shocking. You want to help
               | people kill our troops? Don't be surprised if we have
               | something kinetic to say about that.
        
               | marshmallow_12 wrote:
               | I don't. He is not a General. He was the head of the
               | IRGC, which is a proscribed terrorist organization. The
               | IRGC is the biggest terrorist organization in the world,
               | which arguably makes Solameini the biggest terrorist in
               | the world.
               | 
               | So, on the one side we have Iran killing it's own
               | civilians, Iraqi civilians, Syrian civilians, Yemeni
               | civilians etc on a large scale. The annihilation of the
               | entire Israeli state is also on their wish list. Men,
               | women and children. Driven into the sea.
               | 
               | On the other side, we have the United States, taking out
               | a terrorist chief, and a handful of terrorist bodyguards
               | with an airstrike.
               | 
               | It is hard for me to draw any sort of meaningful
               | comparison between Iran's terrorism in the Middle East
               | and the response of the United States to their threats.
               | Somewhat similarly for Israel.
        
               | RobertoG wrote:
               | There is something I don't understand, all that happened
               | 8000 km away from USA, how is Iran a thread to the United
               | States exactly?
               | 
               | I was not going to write anything, but the "killing of
               | Iraqi civilians" comment, without a trace of irony, made
               | me.
        
               | goodluckchuck wrote:
               | Wow, that's horrifying.
        
               | marshmallow_12 wrote:
               | As an Iranian, what do you think about the current
               | political regime. Would a return of the Shah be a
               | positive thing, in your opinion? Do you have any fears of
               | Israeli aggression, or would you support a peace deal? I
               | would honestly like to hear what you think about it.
        
               | 0xFFC wrote:
               | UPDATE: spelling.
        
               | marshmallow_12 wrote:
               | There are more then a million Israeli Arabs who enjoy
               | full citizenship rights. I fact, they enjoy more rights
               | then the average Israeli, being able to enter West Bank
               | freely.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | Current political regime the most dishonest, corrupt and
               | dysfunctional regime you can imagine.
               | 
               | First thing you need to know is the government itself in
               | Iran is nobody, Ali Khamenei has been enjoying full power
               | and control for the past 30 years or so. Iran's president
               | and minsters can only be appointed by Khamenei's
               | approval.
               | 
               | With him being in power he needed a royal force to follow
               | his ideology and shut down any voice of criticism, that's
               | IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps).
               | 
               | IRGC and Khamenei control as much as 50% of Iran's
               | economy, from telecom to oil. needless to say they don't
               | answer to anyone, they don't pay any taxes and Khameni
               | itself doesn't even do any interviews with the press.
               | 
               | I think majority of Iranians hate the current regime as
               | much as i do, for one, It's not possible to change it
               | democratically. One person has all the power in country
               | and he made a powerful force to back him up.
               | 
               | every time Iranians want to change the country, Khameni
               | unleash his dogs (IRGC) and they either kill all the
               | protestors or arrest them and sentence them to long term
               | prison. I've been shot and spent time in Iran's political
               | prison (Evin), my crime? participation in peaceful
               | protests
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Green_Movement)
               | 
               | > Would a return of the Shah be a positive thing?
               | 
               | Return of the Shah, reminds of me Russians who are envy
               | of the soviet union time, because things were better at
               | the time. I personally think democracy is the best way to
               | go and no one person should have majority of the power.
               | 
               | > Do you have any fears of Israeli aggression, or would
               | you support a peace deal
               | 
               | Enemy of my enemy is my friend, that's how I (and
               | honestly majority of the people that i know) think of
               | Israel. I think at the moment, Israel is the only country
               | in the world stopping the regime from developing nuclear
               | weapons and that's a good thing.
               | 
               | Iranians and Israelis historically have been friendly,
               | Its only since this regime got the power that has
               | changed, and i do understand why, because Iran has been
               | threatening to wipe Israel off the map almost everyday.
        
               | 0xFFC wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdxxVxtHK2M
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | > This is a complete fabrication and lie. As bad as it
               | gets. Iran never said it is going to wipe another
               | country. What they said is explained clearly in detail
               | here [1].
               | 
               | It's not, Iran has been saying it very publicly:
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/oct/27/israel.iran
               | 
               | https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-general-salami-
               | threatens-to...
               | 
               | you should be able to read Farsi, so check these 2
               | example out of many:
               | 
               | https://cdn.yjc.ir/files/fa/news/1396/4/5/6417989_951.jpg
               | 
               | https://newsmedia.tasnimnews.com/Tasnim/Uploaded/Image/13
               | 96/...
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4%
               | D9%...
               | 
               | These photos show the counters installed in every city in
               | Iran, counting down how many down days left to destroy
               | Israel. eg wipe it off the map.
        
               | miracle2k wrote:
               | If the most powerful actor in Iran is proposing a
               | peaceful referendum, wouldn't you agree that this is some
               | very mixed messaging then?
               | 
               | https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/424343/Ayatollah-
               | Khamenei-R...
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | hajile wrote:
             | Nukes means a conventional strike by Israel with the option
             | for further nuclear preemptive strikes.
             | 
             | If the US could somehow talk them down, the US ally (Saudi
             | Arabia) would be disadvantaged against the Russian one.
             | This necessitates either removing the nukes or arranging
             | for the Saudis to get some.
             | 
             | Iran's pursuit of nukes is easily one of the most
             | destabilizing power projection attempts in the region.
        
             | AndrewKemendo wrote:
             | The going theory is that these proclamations when
             | attributed to religious proclamations (Fatwa) versus policy
             | statements are examples of Taqiya. This view is not without
             | controversy as some claim it's just dog-whistling
             | Islamophobia.
             | 
             | However I think a more nuanced view is that Iran is both a
             | nation state as well as a religious state, so (like all
             | nation states) it will protect it's interests however it
             | needs to which will include deception. Whether anyone
             | thinks that the deception is primarily stemming from
             | religious or secular instinct is an exercise for the
             | reader.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqiya
        
       | borplk wrote:
       | Keep in mind that "cyber attack" can be a cover for other types
       | of attack.
       | 
       | It creates this convenient image of "hackers press a button and
       | things blow up" to divert attention away from the reality.
       | 
       | I wouldn't be so quick in believing it being a cyber attack.
        
         | slg wrote:
         | Wouldn't both the perpetrator and the victim have to be in on
         | that deception? Why would both parties go along with that?
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | It makes one seem mighty, and it makes the other not seem as
           | incompetent. If the attack was 'unprecedented', or
           | 'unexpected' or 'sophisticated' then the people responsible
           | from the victim's team are absolved of their failures and
           | mistakes while the other side gets to look good and mighty.
        
             | slg wrote:
             | But doesn't the "we weren't expecting it" excuse work much
             | better for a physical attack? You always have to be
             | vigilant of a cyberattack. It is neither "unprecedented" or
             | "unexpected". Meanwhile the victim usually receives very
             | little blame after a sneak military attack. "Israel
             | launched an unprovoked military attack against a non-
             | military target" seems like it would play better both
             | domestically and internationally than what basically
             | amounts to "they outsmarted us".
        
           | ehsankia wrote:
           | That's not quite what happened. First, Iran blamed it on
           | cyberattack, then Israeli media took credit for it, because
           | why the hell would they not? It's also not even confirmed,
           | just assumed:
           | 
           | > Israeli public broadcaster Kan said that it could be
           | assumed that the incident was an Israeli cyber operation,
           | citing the discovery in 2010 of the Stuxnet computer virus
        
             | slg wrote:
             | >That's not quite what happened.
             | 
             | I wasn't saying one way or another what happened. But a
             | physical military attack by Israel would be much more
             | frowned on by the international community than a
             | cyberattack. In that situation, what motivation is there
             | for Iran to conceal that to the benefit of Israel?
        
         | dogma1138 wrote:
         | It can also be a cover for no attack.
         | 
         | The blackout happened when a previously unused part of the site
         | was being brought online it could've been simply a normal
         | fault.
         | 
         | Calling it a cyber attack may be beneficial for both parties,
         | the administrators of the site get to save face, and the
         | Israelis would happily take credit unofficially because they
         | know that it would cause a longer delay because now the
         | Iranians will be scrubbing their networks.
         | 
         | If they'll also be replacing some equipment such as PLCs it
         | opens the site to future attacks if any entity has the ability
         | to compromise the supply chain.
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | Keep in mind it's also considered an act of war, not the first
         | such attack on Iran and their scientists.
        
       | secfirstmd wrote:
       | As ever Israel makes a strong Operational measure but a poor
       | Strategic one. What exactly is the end game that it thinks is
       | going to happen? There is zero scenario in which Iran is going to
       | fully stop trying to build a nuke in the basement. The JPCOA is
       | the only show in town.
        
         | Kalium wrote:
         | You're absolutely right. The JCPOA is the only show in town.
         | 
         | What do you think Israel's good Strategic measure would be?
        
           | stunt wrote:
           | Make sure agreements and cooperation with the west is
           | successful and help the vast majority of the public in Iran
           | realize that working with the west is in their interest. Over
           | time it will help the left parties in Iran to gain more power
           | and influence than the conservative and anti-west figures.
           | Once you have the public support, slowly and surely push them
           | to have peace with Israel. They used to be allies together.
           | So it shouldn't be impossible.
           | 
           | But, we just did the opposite. The anti-west parties now have
           | an easy story to tell: "We tried, they lied, we shouldn't
           | work with them.". We added sanctions too. An economy under
           | sanction runs by military and gives more power to the
           | military, because only they have the tools to interact with
           | the black market and bypass sanctions. Not the liberal, open-
           | minded Businessman which is more likely to support more
           | interactions with the world.
        
             | secfirstmd wrote:
             | Exactly. There are too many missed opportunities for
             | bringing in Iran from the fold to mention.
        
       | bjourne wrote:
       | Israel has been targeting Iranian civil infrastructure and is
       | also believed to be behind numerous assassinations of Iranian
       | scientists. Scientists are usually deemed to be civilians. Since
       | Israel has already attacked civilian targets and killed
       | civilians, it would seem to me that by the laws of tit for that,
       | Iran has the right to retaliate against Israeli civilians. In
       | fact, Iran's allies such as Syria and Hezbollah should also have
       | the same right.
       | 
       | Israel's use of terrorism against what it considers its enemies
       | is afaik unprecedented. As is the fact that the rest of the world
       | lets Israel get away with it without so much as a peep.
        
         | throw_this_one wrote:
         | Did Israel say they are going to destroy the country of Iran?
         | Or did Iran say they are going to destroy Israel?
         | 
         | Answer that question and then you will understand why your
         | comment is essentially idiotic.
        
         | pepperonipizza wrote:
         | Are they still considered civilians when they work for a
         | military program that threatens Israel existence? My
         | grandfather was a scientist working for the army, he had a
         | salary paid by the military and was part of it.
        
       | jchook wrote:
       | Reminded of "What is the most sophisticated piece of software
       | ever written?" on Quora.
       | 
       | Buckle in.
       | 
       | https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-sophisticated-piece-o...
        
         | crocktucker wrote:
         | Please enable Javascript and refresh the page to continue
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | What?! So I can get my computer infected?!
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | Yea, that's what someone wrote on Quora, but Stuxnet isn't the
         | most sophisticated piece of software ever written - let alone
         | that it is not the most sophisticated exploit ever written.
        
           | busyant wrote:
           | > Stuxnet isn't the most sophisticated piece of software ever
           | written
           | 
           | I think "sophisticated" is in the eye of the beholder.
           | 
           | However you'd like to characterize it, the full scope of the
           | Stuxnet attack seems pretty impressive. Especially the part
           | where the virus simultaneously increases centrifuge speeds
           | while concealing this information from the people monitoring
           | the fuges.
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | Find me another program that requires knowledge _more niche_
           | than nuclear refinement processes suitable for the production
           | of weapons, and enough HUMINT to know what to target etc.
           | 
           | Stuxnet is probably not the most _sophisticated_ program
           | ever, but it 's probably the most information dense.
        
             | pooya13 wrote:
             | > suitable for the production of weapons
             | 
             | Where have you seen any evidence that Stuxnet relied on
             | information on production of nuclear weapons?
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | So you're saying they went to all that effort and then
               | just picked a random number for what to spin the
               | centrifuges up to? All they'd have to do is get a Nuclear
               | Physicist from the weapons program in
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | > Find me another program that requires knowledge more
             | niche than nuclear refinement processes suitable for the
             | production of weapons, and enough HUMINT to know what to
             | target etc.
             | 
             | How does that add sophistication to the programming?
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | How doesn't it? Programming doesn't matter, even in a
               | program that is classically _sophisticated_ like a big
               | compiler that 's still only an implementation of an
               | algorithm from a book rather than some divine poem that
               | only exists in that compiler
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | I'd agree if you'd say that the Stuxnet operation was
               | very sophisticated. That is, coming up with a plan,
               | infecting the right machine in the right plant at the
               | right time so an unknowing technician would accidentally
               | become a carrier for it, then finding a way to make him
               | drop by at the target next, learn enough about the target
               | without having access to be able to write code to
               | identify it with confidence among lots of similar
               | machines etc, but most of that is classical intelligence
               | work and has nothing to do with programming, tech, or
               | Stuxnet specifically.
               | 
               | If someone sews on a hidden pocket to a jacket to be used
               | in an extremely complex intelligence operation, that
               | doesn't make it "the most sophisticated seam in history".
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | > Find me another program that requires knowledge more
             | niche than nuclear refinement processes suitable for the
             | production of weapons
             | 
             | Every piece of software used for these centrifuges in day
             | to day operations? Stuxnet is just a worse version of the
             | normal software operating machinery and it used a non-
             | standard install mechanism.
             | 
             | Having HUMINT to target a specific configuration is not
             | sophisticated either. Those are just activation conditions
             | which are used all over legitimate and illegitimate
             | software.
             | 
             | Extracting secrets from processor caches based on timing is
             | far more sophisticated and it didn't even require HUMINT.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | > Stuxnet is just a worse version of the normal software
               | operating machinery and it used a non-standard install
               | mechanism.
               | 
               | No it's not. Stuxnet was specifically tuned to ruin the
               | centrifuges under the noses of the presumably well-
               | trained operators and scientists using them. If the PLC
               | suddenly stopped or sped up to the point that it
               | triggered some kind of failsafe then the game is up.
               | 
               | > Extracting secrets from processor caches based on
               | timing is far more sophisticated and it didn't even
               | require HUMINT.
               | 
               | Implementing spectre is really not that hard. Also, the
               | secrets aren't extracted from the caches (in the
               | archetypal spectre implementation at least, the
               | vulnerabilities are popping up all over the place):
               | Spectre is an attack against the branch predictor and
               | speculative execution - the cache is just the side
               | channel to exfiltrate data (specifically having each byte
               | value map to a cacheline which you can then time the
               | latency of).
        
         | jonplackett wrote:
         | Does everyone agree with that assessment? Surely Linux is more
         | complicated than Stuxnet? Or does that not count as a 'single
         | piece'?
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Sophisticated != complicated
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | I thought Biden wanted to re-enter the JCPOA agreement with Iran?
       | Surely the Israelis wouldn't do something like this without
       | having coordinated with the US if not directly ordered by the US
       | ...
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | The Isrealis have always embraced being a bit of a loose cannon
         | geopolitically. It's smart; it let's them punch oabove their
         | weight if they're careful about it (which they normally are).
         | 
         | My bet is they did this with the US's knowledge, but not
         | involvement or approval. Israel doesn't want Iran going into
         | the JCPOA without their nuclear program being set back as far
         | as possible to square one. The US knows that it's an uphill
         | battle to get the Iranians at the table at all, and would defer
         | dismantling of their nuclear program to the outcome of the
         | negotiations.
        
       | atlgator wrote:
       | Stuxnet 2.0
        
         | snurfer wrote:
         | Nice. So JavaScript/Ajax frameworks?
        
           | atlgator wrote:
           | MVC too
        
         | brap wrote:
         | Now with GraphQL
        
           | disk0 wrote:
           | stuxnext.js
        
       | pooya13 wrote:
       | > Iran, which insists it does not want nuclear weapons
       | 
       | The bias in BBC phrasing still amazes me. Using "Iran insists it
       | does not want nuclear weapons", which is technically a true
       | statement, instead of the more accurate one "There is no evidence
       | that Iran seeks nuclear weapons", which acknowledges the
       | investigation and authority of the international atomic agency.
        
       | robert_foss wrote:
       | I wonder if it is Israel again. Maybe with the blessing of the US
       | this time?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | isn't stuxnet speculated to originate from the US and Israel ?
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | Yes - it is suspected to be a joint project. We will never
           | really know though as neither side will ever admit to it.
        
           | naltun wrote:
           | Yes. John Bowden wrote a great book on this very virus and
           | goes into details on this.
        
             | topynate wrote:
             | FYI, you appear to be shadowbanned.
        
               | dxdm wrote:
               | How so? I can see their comment just fine, but I'm
               | reading this on a 3rd party app.
        
               | topynate wrote:
               | I had to vouch for the comment to reply to it. I also
               | looked back through the history and saw some perfectly
               | acceptable comments showing as dead.
        
         | ehsankia wrote:
         | Why would Biden give the blessing now of all times, right
         | before the deal. Why would he not wait and see how to deal goes
         | first? The place just opened it's not like it'll pump out bombs
         | within a day.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | >Maybe with the blessing of the US this time?
         | 
         | Has Israel ever done _anything_ without the US 's blessing?
         | 
         | Just wondering.
        
           | slibhb wrote:
           | Developing nuclear weapons for one...
        
           | YinLuck- wrote:
           | You have the order reversed there.
        
           | vijayr02 wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident
           | 
           | > The USS Liberty incident was an attack on a United States
           | Navy technical research ship, USS Liberty, by Israeli Air
           | Force jet fighter aircraft and Israeli Navy motor torpedo
           | boats, on 8 June 1967, during the Six-Day War. The combined
           | air and sea attack killed 34 crew members (naval officers,
           | seamen, two marines, and one civilian NSA employee), wounded
           | 171 crew members, and severely damaged the ship.
           | 
           | You'd _hope_ that was done without the US 's blessing...
        
           | Udik wrote:
           | Planting cellphone-spying devices around the White House?
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/12/israel-
           | planted...
           | 
           | Although, judging from the consequences (none) you could say
           | that even that had the US's blessings.
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | Well, 40 years ago it attacked the Iraqi nuclear facility
           | with the help of Iran and prevented Saddam from getting the
           | bomb..
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Opera
        
             | abhiminator wrote:
             | > On 7 June 1981, a flight of Israeli Air Force F-16A
             | fighter aircraft, with an escort of F-15As, bombed the
             | Osirak reactor deep inside Iraq.
             | 
             | Well, the fighter jets and weapons system platform (a pair
             | of Mark-84 unguided bombs fitted to each aircraft) they
             | used in those airstrikes were made by aerospace companies
             | in the United States (General Dynamics and McDonnel
             | Douglas), so I think American companies did have a role to
             | play, however indirectly.
             | 
             | There's no denying Israel wouldn't exist today (at least
             | not the form it presently exists) if not for the timely and
             | generous support and assistance (militarily, monetarily and
             | in spirit) from the United States of America -- just an
             | observation!
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | Certainly. And Czechoslovakia. ;)
        
               | marshmallow_12 wrote:
               | one of the rare occasions that Israel has taken
               | independent action. From what i've read, some of Carters
               | cabinet were furious but he refused to issue sanctions
               | against Israel.
        
             | bushbaba wrote:
             | And another in Syria
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Outside_the_Box
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | And those are just the ones on wikipedia.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | BariumBlue wrote:
       | This (and the recent ish attack on the IRGC ship) is most likely
       | the doing of Israel to prevent the JCPOA from being reestablished
       | and from Iran getting any sanctions relief.
       | 
       | If Iranian lawmakers believe these attacks were by the US (they
       | possibly do believe that), they will be less willing to enter an
       | agreement with the US, and Israel furthers it's goal of isolating
       | it's adversary, Iran.
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | JCPOA failing means no IAEA inspections. I don't understand
         | Israel's rational around stopping the IAEA inspections if they
         | don't want Iran as a nuclear power.
        
           | BariumBlue wrote:
           | Iran has military ties and grants aid to Hezbollah and Bashar
           | Al Asad the Syrian dictator (both are neighboring enemies of
           | Israel), has missiles that could potentially threaten Israel,
           | and has publicly threatened death and hellfire upon Israel.
           | 
           | I am certain that nuclear weapons or not, Israel considers
           | Iran enemy #1 and a real threat to be dealt with. A stronger
           | Iran (via sanctions relief) is not in their interest.
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | I did some digging and it seems both countries have been
             | threatening each other for decades. Israel has repeatedly
             | blocked their nuclear program and has threatened offensive
             | action if it continues. Not just recently but even in an
             | article from 2006.
             | 
             | It seems both sides are throwing threats around and it
             | seems unfair to only mention Iran's threats.
             | 
             | https://m.dw.com/en/israel-threatens-iran-over-nuclear-
             | resea...
             | 
             | https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-israel-iran-iran-
             | nuclea...
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | The discussion is about Israel's rationale - not whether
               | or not Iran's aggression is justified.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | yurielt wrote:
               | Why are you downvoted is ridiculous well we know who the
               | cowards are in this at least
        
           | ls-lah_33 wrote:
           | What's even more strange is that at one stage even some high
           | ranking members of the Israeli military saw the benefits of
           | the nuclear deal.
           | 
           | https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israeli-
           | militar...
        
           | LegitShady wrote:
           | IaEA weren't allowed to inspect military sites, sampling done
           | by Iranians then sent to IaEA. It was a joke of an agreement.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | Has any country developed nuclear weapons with inspectors
             | present?
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | The inspectors are not present
        
               | goodluckchuck wrote:
               | How would we know if inspectors don't?
        
             | stunt wrote:
             | Monitoring some military sites wasn't part of it, unlike
             | their nuclear facilities which were monitored 24/7 by IAEA.
             | However, the IAEA inspectors could still request access to
             | military locations. So it was kind of on-demand, but Iran
             | had the right to refuse.
             | 
             | I'm not an expert, but most of the experts said it was the
             | most comprehensive inspections regime on their supply
             | chain, and any location in Iran except a few military sites
             | which they could still request access.
             | 
             | The goal was to start cooperation and also the idea was to
             | help an already weakened political party in Iran which is
             | in favor of partnership with the west to gain more success,
             | popularity, and public support, so over time the more
             | conservative and anti-west parties and figures would lose
             | their power and influence.
             | 
             | But we just gave their conservative parties the easiest
             | propaganda excuse ("They don't honor their own
             | agreement.").
             | 
             | Iran is actually quite reactive if you read their history.
             | Iran is the devil we made, so everyone can make money out
             | of it. Can you even count how much worth of arms sells are
             | going to the Middle East every year? Not to mention oil
             | market is on the table too. And those that are making big
             | money will lobby everywhere to make sure that Iran remains
             | "the threat". Peace with Iran isn't financially clever.
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | Let's not forget that Iran had and possibly still have
               | undeclared nuclear facilities
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-u-n-inspectors-find-
               | radioa...
        
           | bjourne wrote:
           | Israel is a heavily militarized society with a strong
           | military-industrial complex. Relatively speaking, it is more
           | powerful than the American military-industrial complex. Thus
           | what you get is policy that favors the weapons industry and
           | those in the military community but which is not beneficial
           | to Israel as a whole. The Palestinians aren't enough of a
           | punching bag so Iran needs to be painted as the great Satan
           | to sell more military equipment.
        
             | eloff wrote:
             | That's a little one sided don't you think?
             | 
             | Iran's despotic leader has publicly stated that they would
             | love to wipe Israel off the map. They're a much larger and
             | more populous nation with massive petroleum reserves and
             | one of the top ten largest militaries in the world by
             | enlisted count. Israel is completely justified in seeing
             | Iran as an existential threat.
        
               | bjourne wrote:
               | Who wouldn't love to wipe Israel off the map? Israel was
               | created by wiping _Palestine_ off the map so wiping
               | Israel off of it seems more than fair. :) Hopefully,
               | Palestinians and Israelis can learn to live in peace and
               | as equals some day.
               | 
               | The wipe Israel off the map quote comes from a speech
               | held by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005. The quote is a
               | mistranslated Arabic figure of speech taken out of
               | context and has been regurgitated by Zionist lobbies for
               | over 15 years now.
               | 
               | There is no inherent basis for a conflict between Israel
               | and Iran. Iran isn't an Arab country, doesn't have any
               | territorial claims in the Levant, and the Palestinians'
               | version of Islam isn't even compatible with Iran's. Who
               | benefits from keeping the conflict going? The Israeli
               | arms industry. You can ask the same thing about US trade
               | tariffs on China. Who benefits?
        
               | AzzieElbab wrote:
               | " Who wouldn't love to wipe Israel off the map?" - if you
               | ever want an example of self hypnosis, go no further
        
               | SuoDuanDao wrote:
               | I've heard that Saudi maps literally just show ocean
               | where Israel is. But because Israel and SA are both
               | friends of the Americans, that amount of literal
               | demapping is tolerated.
               | 
               | I wonder, given the greater cultural similarities and
               | Iran's success in the Yemeni civil war, whether Israel
               | will throw in with Iran against the Saudis once the US
               | presence in the region becomes irrelevant.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | > There is no inherent basis for a conflict between
               | Israel and Iran.
               | 
               | One word. Hezbollah.
               | 
               | I need say no more to refute that.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | > Hezbollah
               | 
               | Hezbollah is the Israeli's fault. That's what they got
               | for trying to annex southern Lebanon.
               | 
               | I have no sympathy.
        
               | splintercell wrote:
               | Your comment is a great metaphor of the precise thing you
               | are arguing against. "Who wouldn't love to wipe Israel
               | off the map?" then a few paragraphs about Ahmednijad
               | never said that, this is a miscommunication, there's no
               | animosity between Israel and Iran (Iranian propaganda
               | repeatedly talks about wiping Israel off the map, just
               | check up Wikipedia on Ahmednijad).
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | How did "remove occupation regime from the pages of time"
               | turn into "wipe off the map"?
        
               | payamb wrote:
               | https://static2.rokna.net/thumbnail/SkVEB41uf6ga/NS2RJzVA
               | pQ3...
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Do sanctions even do anything if the leader is indeed
               | despotic? It's not like typical Iranians can go out and
               | protest.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | Sanctions and trade deals are not all-or-nothing
               | mechanisms. They can be increased/decreased to
               | incentivize nations to alter behavior. They are
               | especially effective when you can selectively punish
               | industries within a nation that support the leader, to
               | help provide more economic resources to opposition
               | leaders.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
             | Israel -- politically divided, pluralistic society,
             | democratic government & leader in exporting high-tech,
             | pharma & healthcare advancements. Iran -- repressive,
             | despotic regime & leader in exporting terrorism.
        
               | babesh wrote:
               | You conveniently failed to mention the Gaza Strip and the
               | occupied territories where the people have no vote and no
               | rights. So it is a democracy for some and a despotic
               | regime for others.
               | 
               | Frankly both these states are acting out of self
               | interest. Leave morality out of it. It's probably mostly
               | true for both peoples as well.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | Gazans can, in fact, vote. They voted in Hamas who took
               | away their right to vote but back when Israel disengaged
               | and left them to their own devices, Gazans could indeed
               | vote.
        
               | babesh wrote:
               | Can they vote for seats in Israel's government? My
               | understanding is not.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Of course not. That's what happens when Israel doesn't
               | rule over that territory any longer. Can Israelis vote on
               | the government of Gaza?
        
               | random314 wrote:
               | Israel courts have jurisdiction over Palestine. As does
               | Israel's army. Palestinian land records are not
               | recognized by Israel. Palestine is a part of Israel,
               | where the people cant vote in Israel's elections. Israel
               | is an apartheid state like erstwhile south Africa and
               | Palestine is a bantustan.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | West Bank Palestine? Perhaps. Gaza (which was the
               | context)? I doubt it.
               | 
               | Don't conflate the two situations. They aren't the same
               | at all.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | Israel courts have zero jurisdiction in Gaza. Gaza's
               | government, police, and politics, are completely
               | independent from Israel.
        
               | babesh wrote:
               | You can't leave people to their own devices when another
               | military controls entry and exit into a territory.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | Actually, Gaza shares a large border with Egypt, and
               | aside from the inspection of vehicles, there is open
               | traffic and trade with Egypt.
        
               | babesh wrote:
               | Also this means that the people in the occupied
               | territories can't vote.
        
               | yurielt wrote:
               | Israel is an apartheid's regime the fact that they let
               | gay people exists does not make them less of an apartheid
               | regime that takes lands and resources from the people in
               | there they are an ethnoreligious state where the goyim
               | are seen as cattle and don't have full rights please stop
               | defending an apartheid state
        
           | goodluckchuck wrote:
           | They obviously don't believe that IAEA inspections are very
           | effective. Considering that Israel has made nukes of their
           | own... they would know.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | They did so without IAEA inspectors monitoring them and
             | significant help from the west. UK provided samples of
             | plutonium and highly enriched lithium for nuclear weapons.
             | 
             | I am not aware of any countries that have developed nukes
             | while under NPT with active inspections. North Korea kicked
             | out their inspectors and it took them 3 years after that to
             | get a bomb.
        
           | Udik wrote:
           | If Israel cared about the risk of Iran becoming a nuclear
           | power, then the JCPOA would have been gold for them. No, I
           | think nuclear weapons are just a great excuse to isolate Iran
           | from the international community and destroy its economy. If
           | you have a quarrel with your neighbour, do you prefer him to
           | be rich and respected or poor and ignored?
           | 
           | Proof is, again, that the strongest campaigner _against_
           | keeping Iran 's nuclear research under strict checks has
           | always been Israel.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | Israel is not against a nuclear agreement in principal. They
           | want to make sure it has enough teeth that it can and will be
           | enforced and that it doesn't expire like the current one
           | does.
           | 
           | This is the same reason most of the gulf states are against
           | the nuclear deal in its current form.
        
             | PEJOE wrote:
             | Do you have a source where I could read more about Israel's
             | goals with the JCPOA? Even with the sun setting, the idea
             | seems to be to keep reimplementing a new agreement under
             | threat of future sanctions, just like you refi a TLB, and
             | the Israelis should understand this.
        
         | Udik wrote:
         | Israel is clearly enjoying a great moment for inflicting damage
         | on its arch-enemy. If Iran reacts, it's going to get the blame
         | for attacking (because history always begins _after_ Israel 's
         | latest offensive action) and the US will find a much hoped for
         | excuse not to re-enter the nuclear deal. So Iran can only
         | endure the humiliation and suck it up. So far they've shown an
         | incredible patience.
        
           | cronix wrote:
           | > the US will find a much hoped for excuse not to re-enter
           | the nuclear deal.
           | 
           | Can you elaborate? All the indications I've seen clearly
           | point to the US wanting to reenter the deal. Biden denounced
           | Trumps withdrawal numerous times during the campaign and
           | vowed to bring the US back into the agreement. It was part of
           | his presidential platform that he ran on, and he lifted
           | several sanctions put in place by the Trump Administration on
           | Iran when he initially got in office (first 2 weeks). If the
           | US really wanted an excuse to stay out, this seems an odd way
           | of going about it vs not saying anything at all and silently
           | continuing Trump's policies.
        
           | payamb wrote:
           | Iran very much need the money. Iran will show patience as
           | long as it's needed to unblock the money they have in foreign
           | banks.
           | 
           | Once that's done, they'll use that money to make more
           | missiles and arm the militia in middle east.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | I am going to have to disagree. Iran recently attacked an
           | Israeli ship, but more importantly it continues to arm
           | terrorist groups (note I am Israeli, so I am probably not
           | objective here, but yes I believe Hamas and Hezbollah are
           | terrorist groups. Some of you may think differently on that.
           | We can agree to disagree) that are against Israel's
           | existence. Those groups are constantly either attacking or
           | trying to attack Israel.
           | 
           | Now you can argue Israel is also attacking those groups and
           | you wouldn't be wrong. It's almost impossible to figure out
           | who started each round. We only ever hear a very small part
           | of the story.
           | 
           | It is a circle of violence that will hopefully one day end.
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | > it continues to arm terrorist groups
             | 
             | That's all the US does, day and night. And they even say
             | this publicly (although always implying that it is a good
             | thing).
        
             | stunt wrote:
             | > Iran recently attacked an Israeli ship
             | 
             | I think you already tried to say it, but remember Iran
             | attacked an Israeli ship after 12 attacks to Iranians ships
             | in 2020 by Israel. And 4 other Iranian ships were attacked
             | in 2021 which two of them happened after Iran tried to
             | retaliate by attacking an Israeli ship.
             | 
             | Israel clearly believes that the best defense is a good
             | offense, but that strategy makes it harder to have any
             | dialogue or peace.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | Let's also remember Iran attacked Saudi Arabia directly
               | not too long ago.
               | 
               | They are hardly the victim.
        
             | Udik wrote:
             | > terrorist groups [...] that are against Israel's
             | existence
             | 
             | I think this is an oversimplification useful to justify
             | Israeli aggressiveness. It's _also_ part of the self-
             | deluded statements of those groups. If Israel was
             | interested in peace and justice, it could act like the
             | adult in the room and try to heal the wounds that are at
             | the root of the violence. Let 's not forget that Israel is
             | practically an apartheid state (but conveniently outside
             | its fuzzy borders, so it can keep pretending it's not) and
             | that it's been steadily appropriating more land from
             | Palestinians since it's been in existence.
             | 
             |  _If_ Israel were interested in peace and justice. My take
             | is that it 's not interested, because that would put an end
             | to its expansion and unchecked power in the region.
        
               | luma wrote:
               | It's interesting that even on HN anything that approaches
               | an anti-Israeli statement is immediately downvoted.
               | Israel is an apartheid state, and that statement requires
               | no qualifications.
               | 
               | I'll accept the inevitable downvotes as validation of
               | both things said above.
               | 
               | edit: aaaand flagged. The super-downvote.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Israel is not only an apartheid state, it is a literal
               | ethnostate as the basis of its constitution which
               | consecrates it to a single ethic/religious group. It is
               | guilty of ethnic cleansing and Israeli politicians
               | routinely call for genocide.
               | 
               | But it is fine because it's a US ally.
        
               | sprafa wrote:
               | unfortunately this is 100% true and 100% agaisnt US
               | common opinion, apparently.
        
               | luma wrote:
               | Attempts to control internet discourse on all matters
               | that intersect with Israeli foreign policy is presumed to
               | be an important tactic for Israel's cyber teams. It's
               | safe to assume that this venue is no different from other
               | major social media outlets in that regard.
               | 
               | My other reply pointed this out directly, along with
               | noting that I'd likely be downvoted. Instead the response
               | was flagged as a super-downvote and now is no longer
               | visible. Israel leverages social media as a weapon and is
               | unwilling to accept a critical view of their actions.
               | 
               | edit: lol, right on cue.
        
             | radycov wrote:
             | From a rationally objective and internationally legal
             | perspective, the military occupation of Gaza enforced
             | through land, sea and air entirely deserve violent
             | retaliation against the occupying force. The Gaza strip is
             | not your land and grand delusions about your moral
             | superiority because you are a historically persecuted
             | people is simply not going to wash. Nor for that matter is
             | silencing critics using fake antisemitism tactics.
        
               | seoaeu wrote:
               | The idea that Hamas' ongoing efforts to murder Israeli
               | civilians adheres to their obligations under
               | international law is laughable. Ignoring the ceasefires
               | they've signed which require them to, well, cease firing
               | rockets, they don't even make a pretense of aiming at
               | military targets. Not to mention their habit of
               | kidnapping and subsequently killing non-combatants
        
               | radycov wrote:
               | It might be laughable to you, but perhaps you lack the
               | perspective of random genetic luck to be born in an
               | occupied land.
        
               | seoaeu wrote:
               | Legality under international law doesn't depend on
               | genetics or where you were born. That is kind of the
               | whole point...
        
               | radycov wrote:
               | You mean like the murder of American Rachel Corrie by the
               | IDF which was ruled an "accident" absolving it of all
               | responsibility?
        
             | ezconnect wrote:
             | Iran and Israel used to be friend, but Israel nationalize
             | Irans asset on Israel and didn't pay back oil they took
             | from Iran, Iran got mad that Israel stole their things and
             | now they are sworn enemies.
        
               | benja123 wrote:
               | Iran and Israel stopped being friends after the Islamic
               | revolution when Iran's government declared Israel is a
               | sworn enemy.
               | 
               | Hopefully one day that will change and we can be friends
               | again as no one gains from the conflict.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | A democratic Iran will always be the enemy of Israel.
               | 
               | Israel is a nuclear-armed ethnostate engaging in ethnic
               | cleansing that protects these transgressions by operating
               | as the FOB of the hegemonic world power that doesn't
               | blink an eye at killing a million citizens in the region.
               | 
               | So long as Israel requires US support to safeguard their
               | otherwise untenable position (and to force Arab
               | dictatorships to act favorably towards Israel), Iran and
               | Israel will be opposed.
               | 
               | Iran and Israel were allied before the revolution because
               | the undemocratic government (not that the current one is
               | anymore democratic otherwise) that was willing to act
               | against its interests on the matter so long as the
               | dominant foreign powers required it.
               | 
               | It's categorically false that no one gains from the
               | conflict. Israel gains tremendously from the conflict as
               | the antagonism between Iran and Israel and between Iran
               | and the USA is what justifies its ability to get away
               | with so much.
        
         | Someone1234 wrote:
         | If you look at the history this theory seems quite rational.
         | Israel has the most to gain RIGHT NOW, and while others have
         | something to gain too (e.g. Saudi Arabia), they lack Israel's
         | technical prowess.
         | 
         | It is really up to the US, if they want the JCPOA to move
         | forward, to try and corral Israel (or better bring them in so
         | they're fully onboard with JCPOA).
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | I have to say that I'm not seeing a ton of evidence that the
           | US really wants to go forward with the JCPOA. The "adhere to
           | the old agreement and then we'll come to the table" position
           | seems designed to be unacceptable to Iran.
        
             | SeanBoocock wrote:
             | It's designed to partially neutralize partisan attacks from
             | the right. I expect diplomatic discussions are far more
             | substantive and nuanced, while the executives figure out
             | how to manage the optics of an agreement.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | Well, if that's what they're thinking, surely they have
               | to take into account that Iran has its own hawks who
               | oppose a new deal in the first place and will surely
               | seize on a narrative of national humiliation.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | c3534l wrote:
         | Actively working against US foreign policy goals seems to be a
         | pretty egregious act. If proven true, that seems like it would
         | seriously erode or destroy the US alliance with Israel. There's
         | a lot of institutional weight towards support of Israel, but
         | that action would make them an enemy of US foreign interests.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | I suspect most of the US intelligence community is happy with
           | the attack if it successfully destroyed some of Iran's
           | nuclear capability.
           | 
           | It actually increases the likelihood that they will rejoin
           | the JCPOA under the original limits.
        
           | pthread_t wrote:
           | "a 2013 National Intelligence Estimate on cyber threats
           | "ranked Israel the third most aggressive intelligence service
           | against the US" behind only China and Russia" [1]
           | 
           | "Israel among the U.S.'s most threatening cyber-adversaries
           | and as a "hostile" foreign intelligence service." [2]
           | 
           | "Israel's snooping upset White House because information was
           | used to lobby Congress to try to sink a deal" [3]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-nsa-document-
           | highlights-is...
           | 
           | [2] https://theintercept.com/2015/03/25/netanyahus-spying-
           | denial...
           | 
           | [3] https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-spied-on-iran-
           | talks-1427...
        
           | realmod wrote:
           | US is divided internally on how to go forward with the JCPOA.
           | Assuming it was Israel, I don't think the government could
           | muster up enough support to punish a long-time ally for
           | something like this .
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | Republicans will never back down on Israel, regardless of how
           | they affect out policies.
        
             | stdclass wrote:
             | you do know that the support of israel in US politics is
             | completely bipartisan, right?
             | 
             | If not, you should read up on AIPAC and who speaks at their
             | events year after year.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | It is, and they promulgate a complete fiction on the
               | importance of keeping Israel close to the US
               | 
               | Tell them to go cozy up to Russia, make good on that
               | 'threat', have fun with that
        
           | marshmallow_12 wrote:
           | what the policy makers actually say behind closed doors may
           | be very different from their public statements. And i imagine
           | the State Department, being a human agency, don't have a
           | single, moonlithic, agenda.
        
       | hogFeast wrote:
       | It is odd...
       | 
       | Iran has lots of energy resources, is a huge energy exporter, and
       | has a ton of heavy polluting industry...but they are also
       | investing heavily in nuclear energy? Odd.
        
         | nitrogen wrote:
         | Western oil companies have invested heavily in solar power.
         | It's a hedge against peak oil and/or global CO2 restrictions.
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | Nuclear energy is a clear path to eco-friendly future. Everyone
         | is interested with that, nobody wants to burn oil even if you
         | have plenty of that oil. I live in Kazakhstan, we have plenty
         | of oil, gas and coal, but we want to build nuclear plants, we
         | are experimenting with wind and solar generators, nobody likes
         | to breath dirty air.
        
           | hogFeast wrote:
           | Sarcasm. Iran are, amazingly for such a small economy, a
           | massive polluter and they would rather drop dead then stop
           | selling oil (fighter jets don't pay for themselves, the
           | military owns most of their economy).
           | 
           | My point is: the nuclear industry exists to make weapons.
           | That is it. It is baffling that other nations pretend
           | otherwise (for example, the EU seems quite happy to pretend
           | that Iran's massive interest in nuclear technology is for
           | civilian purposes...unf, countries in the EU have a long
           | record of supplying countries in the region with "civilian"
           | technology that was later used to murder people).
        
             | vbezhenar wrote:
             | That might be true for Iran. But I don't see it as an
             | issue, because obviously Iran wants to do so to protect
             | them from foreign invasion, just like North Korea managed
             | to get in position where nobody would want to risk invading
             | them. It's not an ideal situation where one should get
             | deadliest weapon ever to bring peace to the country, but at
             | least it seems to work.
        
       | cochne wrote:
       | I think the title is misleading. I do not see anything in the
       | article confirming it was a cyber attack. Only media
       | organizations claiming that it _could_ be.
        
         | mikeiz404 wrote:
         | I agree. Maybe a prefix of "claimed" or "alleged" or "assumed"
         | would help.
         | 
         | These are the strongest claims I found backing it in the
         | article:
         | 
         | "Israeli media suggest the incident was a result of an Israeli
         | cyber attack."
         | 
         | "A nuclear facility in Iran was hit by a "terrorist act" a day
         | after it unveiled new advanced uranium centrifuges, a top
         | nuclear official says."
         | 
         | "Later state TV read out a statement by AEOI head Ali Akbar
         | Salehi, in which he described the incident as "sabotage" and
         | "nuclear terrorism"."
         | 
         | "Ron Ben-Yishai, a defence analyst at the Ynet news website,
         | said that with Iran progressing towards nuclear weapons
         | capability it was "reasonable to assume that the problem...
         | might not have been caused by an accident, but by deliberate
         | sabotage intended to slow the nuclear race accelerated by the
         | negotiations with the US on removing sanctions"."
         | 
         | And background given that 1) a cyber attack, stuxnet, has
         | happened here in the past and 2) recent actions by Iran
         | incentives an action like this occurring again.
        
       | pknerd wrote:
       | A bit off topic, is there any hollywood movie on stuxnet
       | incident?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | benja123 wrote:
       | These are probably the most highly guarded facilities in Iran.
       | Justified or not, it is absolutely incredible that certain
       | intelligence organizations are able to pull off these types of
       | attacks again and again.
       | 
       | We will probably never know how they did it, but I hope I can
       | read about it one day.
        
         | yonixw wrote:
         | While not downplaying it, It was probably around 70% "human
         | hacking" and only 30% computer\hardware hacking.
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | For me that makes it all the more interesting. I would assume
           | that most of the people that work at those facilities are
           | subject to intense security checks and surveillance.
           | 
           | Despite that someone is able to either convince or trick some
           | of the workers to do something that comes at a huge personal
           | risk. Human hacking is no less interesting than
           | software/hardware hacking
        
             | emayljames wrote:
             | The soft spots are always blackmail, extortion and threats.
             | Once they have people in one of these positions, they have
             | a lot of leverage.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | On something like this, I expect the "human hacking" to be
           | much harder, and the "everything is broken" nature of
           | computing to be nearly unchanged. So I expect it to be
           | computer hacking at any place where it's possible, and human
           | hacking only to run around theoretically unbeatable
           | protections (like air-gaps).
        
           | dogma1138 wrote:
           | Human hacking in a police state with no diplomatic mission
           | for cover and where nearly every foreigner is surveilled from
           | the moment they enter makes this even more remarkable.
           | 
           | The fact that western intelligence agencies and especially
           | the Israelis managed to develop a network of assets in Iran
           | is marvel of tradecraft.
        
         | bjourne wrote:
         | Iran isn't a totalitarian society and it doesn't keep tabs on
         | all its citizens. There are lots of dissident groups in Iran
         | that want to see the regime fall (many Arab minorities, for
         | example). Recruiting from these groups to do Israel's dirty
         | work is not complicated. Some of the Iranian scientists Israel
         | has had killed were apparently killed by Iranian gangsters. In
         | one instance, they drove up to the car the scientist was
         | travelling in at an intersection, smashed the car window and
         | fired multiple shots at him. Not that sophisticated, but gets
         | the job done.
         | 
         | There is not much evidence that Israel's cyber warfare
         | capabilities exceeds that of other states. However, Israel is
         | clearly less reluctant than other states to use what they have
         | offensively. Perhaps because Israel would suffer virtually no
         | diplomatic fallout from getting caught and because it would be
         | Iranians - not Israeli agents - who would be hanged.
         | 
         | Personally, I think praising Israel's cyber warfare is like
         | praising pedophiles for amazing tech savyness for running child
         | pornography rings undetected for so long. It leaves a bad
         | taste, especially since Israel is trying to rebrand itself as a
         | tech leader. The idea is that we should forget about its
         | ongoing human rights abuses and gawk at all the tech Israel is
         | producing.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | That's the great thing about cyber attacks: all you need is one
         | person putting one USB in a port for 30seconds, years before
         | d-day and you're there. Easier to hide than a bomb, more
         | reliable than any human agent, more reliable than spec ops, and
         | totally deniable.
        
         | ehsankia wrote:
         | While Israel would be the #1 suspect as they want the JCPOA
         | deal to fail, I would assume that some people in Iran are also
         | against the deal and want it to see it fail, so an internal
         | sabotage isn't really out of the question.
        
           | stevehawk wrote:
           | well we're talking about a facility that isn't supposed to be
           | connected to the internet. so there has to be an internal
           | actor. like there was with stuxnet
        
             | shakna wrote:
             | Yes, no, maybe.
             | 
             | Whilst you would expect most airgapped systems to also be
             | in buildings that intentionally block signals, there are a
             | ton of "unexpected" interactions, some of which may give
             | you ways to remotely transmit when no transmission is
             | expected to be possible.
             | 
             | Like the fact that USB 3.0 can interfere with the 2.4Ghz
             | spectrum [0], thanks to resonance.
             | 
             | Israel has also previously demonstrated malware called
             | Odini [1] and aIR-Jumper [2] to bypass Faraday protections
             | around systems and exfiltrate data.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/docs/i
             | o/uni...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.rambus.com/blogs/bypassing-air-gapped-
             | faraday-ca...
             | 
             | [2] https://arstechnica.com/information-
             | technology/2017/09/attac...
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | Why would you assume the people in Iran want the deal to
           | fail?
           | 
           | I would suspect that most Iranians, regardless of if they are
           | for or against the nuclear program, just want sanction relief
           | and don't care how they get it. At the end of the day, most
           | people just want to have a good life and sanction relief will
           | help that happen.
        
             | gph wrote:
             | There is undoubtedly some hardliners that want the nuclear
             | program to continue so they can develop nuclear weapons in
             | order to provide a reliable deterrent against Israeli
             | aggression.
        
               | dmitrygr wrote:
               | What aggression!? Has israel ever stated that their one
               | mission in life is to wipe out iran? Cause iran HAS
               | stated that towards israel.
               | 
               | Self defence isn't aggression. If you provide a credible
               | threat against me, you better believe I'll punch you in
               | the face and knock you out first.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Israel's goal in the region is to be able to legitimize
               | itself vis-a-vis other Arab states, without stopping any
               | human rights abuses.
               | 
               | Since the alignment of the gulf states with the US, the
               | only obstacle to that is Iran and Iranian influence.
               | 
               | Because of this, Israel is very willing for Iran to be
               | militarily destroyed, and members of the Israeli
               | government have called for the invasion of Iran multiple
               | times.
               | 
               | Simply self defence is far from the goal. Israel would
               | not be able to survive without changing its internal
               | structure unless the Arab world is dominated by the US
               | which prevents actions that go against Israeli interests.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | Alternatively, now literally any normal fuck up at Natanz can
         | be played off as a cyber hack for political points, and
         | everyone unquestionably assumes that is plausible.
        
         | cronix wrote:
         | If you go back and watch how Stuxnet, ie "Olympic Games," was
         | created, and the methods they used to figure everything out
         | down to the particular model of centrifuges to target, it
         | really is quite eye opening on how extensive these operations
         | are.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wapd1-E5dzc
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | There's a lot of blatant racism in that video, but that
           | aside, his description does not align with the way I
           | understand the attack occurred.
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | >These are probably the most highly guarded facilities in Iran
         | 
         | This seems unlikely. Iran's nuclear facilities aren't overly
         | important compared to things like their oil production or
         | likely any military facility, and there is incredibly detailed
         | information available about the site in question as a result of
         | many nuclear inspections.
        
       | vkou wrote:
       | An obvious question that comes up is: "When will these cyber
       | attacks be properly considered what they are - an act of war?"
       | 
       | I frequently hear this question receiving top billing when some
       | commercial entity here is the target of one.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | The Wikileaks and Snowden revelations showed that the NSA had
       | tools to point the hacking at others like a false flag operation.
       | With that knowledge in mind how can we ever conclusively blame
       | anyone for a hacking attack as the proverbial smoking gun can
       | even be placed in the victims hand.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vault_7
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | How hard is it to enrich uranium, really? It was done previously
       | with 1940s technology. No computers required really.
        
         | parsimo2010 wrote:
         | Pretty hard. But the enrichment isn't even the hardest part,
         | just tedious. Iran has had the knowledge and equipment for
         | several years. But it takes time to produce enough material to
         | be useful, and they keep getting sabotaged. Not just the
         | equipment, but top leaders and scientists get killed from time
         | to time.
         | 
         | Keep in mind that the Manhattan Project employed over 100,000
         | people and cost a couple billion dollars, which would be tens
         | of billions of dollars after inflation. Iran has been under
         | sanctions of varying strictness for a few decades. That amount
         | of people and money isn't trivial to them like it is to the USA
         | in 1940, which was a rising superpower.
        
           | kps wrote:
           | And the Manhattan Project only managed to enrich enough
           | uranium for _one_ bomb.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | But they had no trouble making two bombs to drop on japan?
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | The other bomb dropped on Japan used plutonium, as did
               | the Trinity nuclear test. (Yes, the US had so little
               | uranium that the bomb design using it wasn't even tested
               | before it was used against Japan.)
        
             | thatcat wrote:
             | I'm pretty certain they made way more than one, but even if
             | not - that was a really inefficient design. Only a few
             | percent of the input material actually achieved fission.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | But that was with the technology available in 1940. I would
           | imagine that this has become vastly simpler and cheaper since
           | then.
           | 
           | What used to take rooms full of people with slide rules or
           | state-of-the-art supercomputers can now be calculated on a
           | Raspberry Pi in seconds. ABEC 9 ball bearings are disposable
           | consumer goods that you can order by the 20-pack for $10. CNC
           | machines went from non-existent to affordable by hobbyist
           | groups.
           | 
           | Likewise, knowledge that used to be a state secret is now
           | available in high school text books.
           | 
           | I can't imagine a Manhattan Project requiring anywhere near
           | that amount of people and resources nowadays.
        
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