[HN Gopher] French lawmakers approve a ban on short domestic fli...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       French lawmakers approve a ban on short domestic flights
        
       Author : finphil
       Score  : 119 points
       Date   : 2021-04-11 15:26 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | bpodgursky wrote:
       | Maybe they should ask themselves _why_ someone would take a
       | flight instead of a 2.5 hour train ride?
       | 
       | There's really no reason a human would try to fly instead of take
       | a train, if the trains were functioning at high efficiency.
       | Flying sucks. And yet...
        
         | avian wrote:
         | > There's really no reason a human would try to fly instead of
         | take a train.
         | 
         | My anecdote:
         | 
         | Some time ago I did a lot of business trips around Europe. All
         | business travel was organized by a subcontractor. They
         | sometimes wanted to route me through a crazy amount of short
         | airplane hops to get me to the destination. Sometimes even when
         | a direct flight was available they couldn't put me on it
         | because they didn't have a contract with the operator or
         | something like that.
         | 
         | For some reason they strongly favored air travel and fell back
         | on other means of transport only when there was absolutely no
         | way to get there by air.
         | 
         | One some occassions I was supposed to do 4 or 5 500 km short
         | hops, which would mean a whole wasted day of basically waiting
         | at airports and boarding airplanes. In such cases I just said
         | no, paid out of my own pocket for a train ticket or took my own
         | car. And then spent next 3 months doing paperwork to get travel
         | expenses reimbursed.
        
         | baud147258 wrote:
         | all the domestic flights in questions have also high-speed
         | train alternatives
        
         | medium_burrito wrote:
         | Because light rail/bus to airport is cheap, and $25 fares are
         | cheap. And the trains are expensive.
         | 
         | Now, why is flying so cheap vs a train? The whole the US
         | government essentially gives away 737s at a loss to employ
         | people might be one part of it? Nobody is giving away free
         | trains that I know of.
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | > why is flying so cheap vs a train?
           | 
           | In France, the answer is simple: the train company is
           | basically a monopoly (owned via a very thin veil by the
           | state).
           | 
           | They are therefore, like all entities not subjected to
           | competition:                   - expensive         -
           | unreliable         - low quality of service overall
           | (atrocious food, disgustingly dirty bathrooms, in-seat power
           | supply almost never works, internet non-nexistant).
        
           | xur17 wrote:
           | > The whole the US government essentially gives away 737s at
           | a loss to employ people might be one part of it?
           | 
           | Do you have more information on this? Is the US government
           | subsidizing aircraft manufacturing or something?
        
           | flavius29663 wrote:
           | Trains are heavily subsidized in Europe. E.g. Germany paid 17
           | billions in a single year
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_subsidies#Europe
           | 
           | How many 737s would that buy, per year? around 40-50? This is
           | Germany alone, the rest of Europe is just the same
        
             | allendoerfer wrote:
             | Deutsche Bahn has a (quasi) monopoly on German long-
             | distance trains and is state owned. It has to operate some
             | connections at a loss. It also maintains the railways.
             | 
             | German streets a build by the state, not by Volkswagen or
             | Mercedes Benz. Airports are owned by local governments and
             | often a loss-leader, sometimes epic disasters (with the
             | exception of Fraport).
             | 
             | It is extremely hard to compare trains and argue about
             | whether they are competitive or subsidized.
        
           | hourislate wrote:
           | >The whole the US government essentially gives away 737s at a
           | loss
           | 
           | Did you mean Boeing?
           | 
           | I imagine flying is cheaper because the cost associated with
           | the Rail Infrastructure is much higher than with the open sky
           | and aircraft.
        
         | iwwr wrote:
         | And yet, the train could be more expensive
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | France has one of the best and fastest train systems in the
         | world. There's really no reason for people to fly, but they
         | still do.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | Clearly there's a reason if they're doing it! People are
           | asking what that reason is.
        
             | realusername wrote:
             | The only answer is price in France, that's it. Time-wise
             | that's about the same, trains are very fast and planes have
             | a longer travel from the city center so that's even it out.
        
               | EdwinLarkin wrote:
               | Any source on this or it's just your assumption that
               | trains are faster and more reliable? I doubt that would
               | be the case in France especially when it comes to trains.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | If you're thinking about strikes, airplanes also have
               | their fair share of strikes in France.
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | Faster yes.
               | 
               | Reliable certainly not.
               | 
               | On time even worse.
        
           | cycrutchfield wrote:
           | Assuming the train workers aren't on strike, as they are wont
           | to do at least once per year.
        
           | EdwinLarkin wrote:
           | No it does not.if it is faster to fly most people will choose
           | to fly.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | Not if the speed comes with a price tag that properly
             | accounts for externalities. Cheap flights are a market
             | failure, plain and simple. Besides, on short flights the
             | relative overhead of getting to/from the airport, and
             | spending time on the airport waiting, is especially high,
             | whereas with trains the overhead is minimal.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | The amount of carbon emitted on domestic flights in
               | France has about 10EUR in carbon cost per seat. I believe
               | you are attributing too much to it
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Then the solution would be to price the externality, not
               | to ban things one by one.
        
               | ancarda wrote:
               | >Cheap flights are a market failure
               | 
               | Could you explain this? I'm struggling to understand how
               | something becoming very cheap can be considered an
               | (economic) failure? Isn't that something the market
               | optimizes for?
               | 
               | EDIT: Perhaps you mean expensive rail is a market
               | failure?
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | The same way as cheap gas is a market failure.
               | Externalities are not properly paid for (or they're paid
               | by the public rather than the parties of the
               | transaction). To be fair, things like jet fuel being VAT
               | free is a policy failure rather than market failure.
        
               | EdwinLarkin wrote:
               | What does it even mean to account for externalities?
               | 
               | The relative time on the airport is not high.You can
               | literally come to the airport just a few minutes before
               | your departure (and many people in fact do this). Also
               | most airports are in my opinion much better organized
               | than train stations.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | Well, the most topical externality right now is CO2
               | emissions, of course. Airlines don't have to pay for
               | their emission rights - indeed, jet fuel is artificially
               | cheap because it's VAT free because of reasons.
        
         | byroot wrote:
         | It's not always a rational choice. Among other things, there's
         | some social status associated to flying compared to taking a
         | train. So the professionals tend to take the plane even when
         | it's neither cheaper, nor faster, nor more reliable.
        
         | guilamu wrote:
         | In France, it mostly comes down to a price issue. On one hand,
         | flights are massively subsidized and can be extremely cheap. On
         | the other hand, train is not subsidized at all and can be
         | pretty pricey.
         | 
         | Recently though, things are changing and making a Paris - Nice
         | by train is becoming somewhat financially doable.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | French rail receives 13 billion euros annually in subsidies
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_subsidies
        
             | wut42 wrote:
             | And yet it is very very more expensive (and unreliable)
             | than plane.
        
         | simias wrote:
         | The plane industry is heavily subsidized and manages to get
         | (IMO absurdly) low prices for some rides, and there are some
         | situations where it's more convenient to take a plane than the
         | train (for instance if you arrive from a long distance plane
         | trip and are already at the airport).
         | 
         | French trains, especially the high speed ones, are very
         | comfortable and "high efficiency". They can be pretty expensive
         | however.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | European rail is also highly subsidized, on the order of tens
           | of billions of euro annually, per country.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | The most common reason to take a short domestic flight is that
         | you just arrived on a longer international flight - hub and
         | spoke. Fly into LA and the fly to San Diego kinda thing.
         | 
         | This may actually INCREASE emissions as now there will me
         | smaller "direct" flights from out of country instead of them
         | all going through major hubs.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | Most major airports in France have train connections built-
           | in.
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | LOL, you clearly haven't had to travel CDG <=> center of
             | Paris by train very often.
             | 
             | What you say is true (there is a train), but the quality of
             | service is so bad (strikes, trains late or overcrowded,
             | broken ticket machines, broken escalators, PITA to go from
             | gate to train terminal) that most people who can afford it
             | would rather be stuck in freeway jams in a taxi than
             | consider taking the train.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | I was replying to the above comment's reference to
               | connections. It is fairly easy to fly into Paris and take
               | a train to Lyon, for example, without having to go into
               | Paris proper first.
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | I'll assume this is just for commercially available tickets,
       | right?
       | 
       | If you're important enough to charter, you won't be forced to
       | slum it on the train, right?
        
         | hyakosm wrote:
         | It's only for commercial tickets from one city to another.
         | Short flights will still exist in correspondance of a bigger
         | flight.
        
       | valuearb wrote:
       | Is this also an attempt to shore up the train system finances,
       | and reduce the money it's hemorrhaging?
        
       | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
       | There is no reason to fly short distance if you want to go from
       | city center to city center. However, if you're already arriving
       | or leaving on a long distance flight, the whole overhead of
       | getting to/from/through the airport disappears and those 1.5
       | hours start making a difference.
       | 
       | I think forcing companies to advertise more honest flight
       | durations and prices could make a huge difference. If the airline
       | tells you that you need to be at the airport 90 minutes before
       | the flight, add it to the flight time. Require airlines to
       | prominently show total time and cost from city center to city
       | center with luggage.
       | 
       | If you're comparing a 59 EUR, 2.5 hour train ticket with a 29
       | EUR, 1 hour flight, the choice seems obvious, even though the
       | flight will likely cost you more time and money in the end.
       | 
       | UX matters, and I believe this would be a very powerful nudge. I
       | bet many people would take the train if the flight had to be
       | advertised as "typically 3.5 hours, 82 EUR from city center to
       | city center (fine print: 29 EUR flight, 29 EUR baggage fee unless
       | you fly with hand baggage only, 12 EUR ticket to the airport, 12
       | EUR ticket from the airport at the destination; 1 hour flight
       | duration, 45 minutes for getting from airport entrance to the
       | gate, 20 minutes boarding, 30 minutes to get to the airport with
       | an average 7 minute wait, 10 min to get out of the airport, 30
       | minutes to get from the airport with an average 8 minute wait)"
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > There is no reason to fly short distance if you want to go
         | from city center to city center.
         | 
         | In France. In nations like the US (outside the DC-to-Boston
         | corridor anyway) without a well-designed and -maintained rail
         | infastructure, 1-2 hour flights are routine and not really
         | replaceable with other options. Infrastructure investment pays
         | off for decades and decades, and Europe has done really well
         | here.
         | 
         | > However, if you're already arriving or leaving on a long
         | distance flight, the whole overhead of getting to/from/through
         | the airport disappears
         | 
         | That's an infrastructure problem too, though! There's no reason
         | rail service directly to and from airports can't be integrated
         | with the system. It's true in many places already, though I
         | know nothing about France.
        
           | xfitm3 wrote:
           | If you have a disability changing modes of transportation
           | mid-trip is an extreme hardship. I suffered an injury and
           | needed a wheelchair for about a year while I still had to
           | travel for work three times.
           | 
           | You have no idea how hard basic things can be until you're
           | incapable of doing them on your own.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Changing transportation modes is also quite difficult for
             | parents with small children. Especially if they have to
             | haul multiple car seats for the flight.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | flying with a toddler in and of itself is already hell on
               | earth, both for the parents, toddler and everyone stuck
               | in the metal tube for the duration of the flight.
               | 
               | train journies are also far more practical if you have a
               | toddler or small children considering trains are a very
               | relaxed atmosphere.
        
             | nobodyandproud wrote:
             | I had reduced mobility for months, many years ago.
             | 
             | Even though I was already aware of just how difficult it
             | would be to get around, living through it gave a shocking
             | amount of perspective.
             | 
             | Some of the disability accommodations (disability parking)
             | were pure bullshit. Elevators and ramps were godsends.
             | 
             | A large, standing shower without steps and room for a stool
             | were musts.
             | 
             | A taste of what's to come, when I get older. I don't really
             | see any real solution either, other than prepping.
        
               | stordoff wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you mean about parking. I have a
               | disability, and personally, parking is the most important
               | adaptation.
        
             | bartread wrote:
             | You don't even need to be disabled for this to become a
             | serious problem: just take a trip where you need to carry
             | more than one large, heavy, or delicate item of luggage.
             | Switching modes is easy[0] if you're able-bodied and able
             | to travel light. If either or both of those things becomes
             | untrue it's a different story.
             | 
             |  _[0] Note that switching modes always costs time,
             | sometimes significant amounts of time. In some cases it 's
             | time you may not have or may not be able to easily find._
        
           | im3w1l wrote:
           | Responding to your 2nd point, kind of and kind of not. It's
           | not just that air->train is hard, it's also that air->air is
           | easy. You don't pay the cost of an additional security check
           | or the cost of an additional drive to the airport. Even with
           | a train directly connecting to the airport, the flight option
           | may come out ahead.
        
           | martinald wrote:
           | Sorry, this is totally not true in Europe either. Yes high
           | speed rail is great for a few routes (I'm a huge supporter of
           | it!). But outside of these key routes flying will always be
           | better.
           | 
           | Europe has absolutely enormous levels of flying. The amount
           | of city pairs in Europe which are a 1-2hr flight and more
           | than 4 hours on trains are very high. Outside of maybe some
           | routes in UK/France/Netherlands/Belgium/(western) Germany
           | basically flying will always be vastly, vastly quicker going
           | between different European countries.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | _In nations like the US (outside the DC-to-Boston corridor
           | anyway) without a well-designed and -maintained rail
           | infastructure,_
           | 
           | The U.S. has the world's best designed and maintained rail
           | infrastructure. It's simply that, unlike every other country
           | with a national rail network, America's rail system is
           | designed for _freight_ traffic, because now _and
           | historically_ passenger traffic in America has always been
           | such a small portion of trips that it has never been worth
           | the investment to prioritize people over goods. If
           | transporting people had ever been more profitable than
           | transporting cargo, America would have more rail lines
           | dedicated to transporting people.
        
             | dieortin wrote:
             | > The U.S. has the world's best designed and maintained
             | rail infrastructure
             | 
             | I don't think you can really compare the infrastructure
             | freight trains use with high speed rail. Designing and
             | maintaining a rail network where trains go at up to 350kph
             | is a much tougher job.
             | 
             | So, I'd argue the US rail infrastructure isn't even close
             | to being one of the best.
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | You can't put a 100mph high speed train on a freight line,
             | and those freight lines don't cross with other transit
             | arteries nor enter the urban cores where people are. What
             | you say is true, but other than the fact that they are both
             | "trains", it's not the same infrastructure we're
             | discussing.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > That's an infrastructure problem too, though! There's no
           | reason rail service directly to and from airports can't be
           | integrated with the system. It's true in many places already,
           | though I know nothing about France.
           | 
           | That's an infrastructure feature. Trains are designed to
           | serve city centers, and they do it well. Moving high speed
           | train infrastructure to airports just for the sake of fliers
           | would kill train experience for everyone else. Moving
           | airports to city center is an obvious no-go. Duplicating
           | train infrastructure for the few connecting trips is probably
           | economically unviable.
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | What Toronto has done, with a dedicated express to the
             | airport on the outskirts to the downtown hub rail station,
             | is probably a sensible infrastructure pattern for many
             | places. But it was a happy coincidence an early 20th
             | century line ran most of the way there already. Otherwise,
             | it would have meant laying a line through upper middle
             | class suburbs. That's a showstopper, politically, whatever
             | the merit might be; rail lines almost never get built in
             | areas that are already heavily developed.
        
             | yakireev wrote:
             | > Trains are designed to serve city centers, and they do it
             | well. Moving high speed train infrastructure to airports
             | just for the sake of fliers would kill train experience for
             | everyone else.
             | 
             | Would it?
             | 
             | If you ever visit Netherlands, take a note on how well
             | Schiphol airport is integrated to the rail network. Its
             | underground railway station, Luchthaven Schiphol, is just
             | yet another station on the Rotterdam - Den Haag - Amsterdam
             | main line, so for many trains (including the high-speed
             | Paris-Brussels-Amsterdam line) the airport is just yet
             | another stop on their route.
             | 
             | It is the best of both worlds.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | I also think you underestimate how close schiphol is to
               | most major cities. it is actually becoming a problem
               | because the airport has little to no room for expansion.
               | also, not all trains going the breda - Rotterdam - the
               | Hague -Amsterdam route stop at schiphol airport.
               | 
               | also, the line is sort of infamous for constant delays on
               | the schiphol part of the track.
        
           | xalava wrote:
           | The US is pretty exceptional in its lack of rails. There is
           | also a Seattle-San Diego. Enjoyable as a tourist, but
           | probably not suited for business purposes except in the last
           | portions.
           | 
           | In France some high speed trains go now directly to airports
           | (CDG,LYO). So it is becoming possible to chain a plane and a
           | train in a few scenarios.
        
             | pyrale wrote:
             | > In France some high speed trains go now directly to
             | airports (CDG,LYO).
             | 
             | ... The trains departing from there are mostly low-cost
             | trains rather than trains meant to be connecting with
             | flights, and people taking them have to move to CDG instead
             | of a better location.
             | 
             | It seems to be a service aimed at salvaging the
             | infrastructure rather than an actual useful service.
        
             | pochamago wrote:
             | It's not really that the US lacks rails, we have the
             | largest rail network in the world. The problem for
             | passenger rail here is population density. France is three
             | and a half times denser, and Japan is nearly 10x. I think
             | they would also struggle a bit more to justify rail costs
             | if they were as spread out as the US.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > we have the largest rail network in the world
               | 
               | For freight[1]. Putative high speed rail might go to the
               | same places but generally can't share the same tracks
               | with 30mph long haul trains. And the big gap is the
               | plumbing of rail and transit into the urban cores, which
               | in most US cities is highly decayed and in many of the
               | newer metropolises was never built at all.
               | 
               | [1] Which is unsurprising, because we have the biggest
               | per-capita need for transcontinental land freight
               | transport in the world. The US has been perfectly fine at
               | building out infrastructure it thinks it needs, it's just
               | been making poor choices about what it "needs".
        
               | buzer wrote:
               | I don't think the population density alone explains it.
               | The part of the Finland that is covered by rails is a bit
               | less dense than US, but the overall inter-city train
               | usage is about 3x more than national air travel (2019).
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | "Planes take longer to travel city centre to city centre"
         | always gets trotted out in these discussions, but it's the
         | wrong comparison. People don't all live in the city centre.
         | Airports are usually outside the city, but well served by
         | motorways and public transport. I wouldn't be surprised if more
         | people can reach Charles de Gaulle or Orly within 45 minutes at
         | rush hour than can get to Gare de Lyon.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | But then you need a car, and you need to either deal with
           | rental/pickup/dropoff, or pay something ridiculous for
           | parking.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | The US cities with the _best_ transit have poor transit by
           | world measures. Sure, most people don 't live in the city
           | centers, they live in the suburbs. But for much of Europe,
           | suburbia means easy access to high frequency regional rail
           | transit systems that gives you easy 45-60 minute access to
           | city center at all times of the day. Even in the US, where
           | I've lived in cities that had what the US thinks is good
           | transit, getting to an intercity rail station has often been
           | as easy, if not easier, than getting to the airport, even
           | though I'm originating in the suburbs.
        
           | vladvasiliu wrote:
           | > I wouldn't be surprised if more people can reach Charles de
           | Gaulle or Orly within 45 minutes at rush hour than can get to
           | Gare de Lyon.
           | 
           | Actually, I would. The highways around Orly (A6 and A86) tend
           | to be extremely congested during rush hour. Add to it that
           | the areas around those airports aren't that densely populated
           | and are sufficiently far out so that public transportation
           | has to go through Paris if you're not close by, and I don't
           | think that more people are able to reach the airports quicker
           | than Gare de Lyon or Gare du Nord.
           | 
           | Charles de Gaulle is even further out in the "country" so I
           | think there are even less people able to reach that quickly,
           | especially via the A1 and A3 which are also congested all the
           | time. Then once there, the airport is so huge that just
           | getting around it may take you a good 15-20 minutes.
           | 
           | Note that for some destinations south of Paris there are TGVs
           | departing from Massy, which is a couple stops away from Orly.
           | The same applies for CDG and the north.
           | 
           | Also, Paris is only one end of the journey. On the other
           | side, the public transit situation isn't always as great.
           | It's either some sort of bus, which takes forever (especially
           | during rush hour), or some taxi which may be somewhat quicker
           | than the bus but will cost an arm and a leg.
        
         | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
         | I used to regularly travel from Edmonton to Calgary for work.
         | When you add up the extra time required for flying, it's about
         | a three hour trip (45 minutes in the air, the rest is getting
         | to the airport, checking in, etc). Coincidentally, it's also
         | about a three hour drive.
         | 
         | My reasons for driving vs flying were usually to do with how
         | long I'd be there. If I was going for one day then flying was
         | preferable since falling asleep on the way home isn't a big
         | deal. If I was going for multiple days then driving was
         | preferable so that I'd have a car and be able to go places
         | after finishing at the office. Flying was preferable in winter
         | in case the roads were in bad shape. Driving was preferable on
         | Fridays so that I could visit friends afterwards and come back
         | the next day. Flying was preferable during the Calgary Stampede
         | to avoid having to deal with the excess traffic in Calgary
         | (plus WestJet did a cowboy-themed safety lecture during
         | Stampede which was kind of neat).
        
           | publicola1990 wrote:
           | In general though flying is much safer than highway driving.
           | If one wanted to minimize risk, one would always fly.
        
             | lovasoa wrote:
             | Flying is actually much more dangerous than driving. The
             | risk is to destroy the environment that sustains life on
             | earth. This does not even compare with the risk of a car or
             | plane accident.
        
               | varajelle wrote:
               | I believe it might be better for the environnement to
               | share a full plane than be alone in your car, for equal
               | distances.
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | Quotation needed. All studies show the impact of flying
               | as being much higher than driving, even when shared.
        
               | varajelle wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_a
               | via...
               | 
               | > in 2018, CO2 emissions averaged 88 grams of CO2 per
               | revenue passenger per km.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_t
               | ran...
               | 
               | > In Europe, the European Commission enforced that from
               | 2015 all new cars registered shall not emit more than an
               | average of 0.130 kg of CO2 per kilometre (kg CO2/km). The
               | target is that by 2021 the average emissions for all new
               | cars is 0.095 kg of CO2 per kilometre.
               | 
               | 0.088 < 0.095
               | 
               | That said, the 88 grams figure might not be accurate for
               | short flights. But we'd still be in the same order of
               | magnitude as a car
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | If you are alone in your car, flying and driving are in
               | the same ballpark when it comes to emissions.
               | 
               | Trains are much, much lower. Especially considering that
               | in France, most lines are electrified and 70% of
               | production is nuclear.
        
           | bluefirebrand wrote:
           | Incidentally I think Calgary and Edmonton would be an ideal
           | pair of cities to have some kind of high speed rail between.
           | Would be a great alternative to air travel.
        
             | fredophile wrote:
             | I'd agree in terms of distance and traffic between the two
             | cities. However, the long, relatively severe winters would
             | probably add some complications to high speed rail.
        
               | wirrbel wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway
               | 
               | Snow isn't an obstacle to trains (unless you don't want
               | trains to be a reality).
        
               | inter_netuser wrote:
               | Check out the rail to Bergen, in Norway. Shot in 4K.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atyvdC15HFA
        
           | option wrote:
           | there are no good reasons why we spend so much time on the
           | airports on funny useless procedures.
        
         | bertil wrote:
         | I like your idea of forcing sites selling airline tickets to be
         | honest about their cost and delays, but... after the fiasco of
         | cookie-warning pop-ups, that's a particularly promising can of
         | worms.
         | 
         | > if you're already arriving or leaving on a long distance
         | flight, the whole overhead of getting to/from/through the
         | airport disappears
         | 
         | About connecting flights: most major French airports have a
         | high-speed train (TGV) station for that reason. They typically
         | have fewer trains than central stations, but they have good
         | connections to nearby cities with small regional airports.
        
         | marcandre wrote:
         | The website fromrome2rio includes transfer times, wait times
         | and costs too.
        
         | Befterriager wrote:
         | > However, if you're already arriving or leaving on a long
         | distance flight, the whole overhead of getting to/from/through
         | the airport disappears and those 1.5 hours start making a
         | difference.
         | 
         | There is a workaround for this. For long distance flight, take
         | a company where the international/local connection takes place
         | outside France: KLM through Amsterdam, Lufthansa through german
         | airports, Brussels Airlines through Brussels...
         | 
         | This is already what I always do when I have to make a long
         | distance flight because Paris Charles de Gaulle airport is
         | horrendous and Air France is prone to mass cancellations when
         | there is a strike.
         | 
         | But this is doable because I live in Toulouse which has bad
         | train infrastructure but is well connected to the rest of
         | Europe by plane.
        
         | ipqk wrote:
         | Just put a large tax if the short, domestic flight isn't a
         | connecting flight.
         | 
         | Short, domestic flight by itself: 100EUR
         | 
         | Short, domestic flight part of an international itinerary:
         | +30EUR
         | 
         | It'll mostly work itself out.
        
           | frosted-flakes wrote:
           | What would stop people from doing split tickets?
        
             | lentil_soup wrote:
             | If you split it you'd pay more, no?
        
               | frosted-flakes wrote:
               | Yeah, I don't know how that never occurred to me.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | The above idea specifically discourages split tickets
             | (buying one ticket for each leg). You'd end up with an
             | extra 70EUR fee if you buy the two tickets separately. So
             | unless buying a multi-leg tickets adds more than 70EUR to
             | the total price it's not worth the trouble.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ArkanExplorer wrote:
           | Just tax CO2 emissions to a sufficient level and let the
           | market sort itself out.
        
         | kevindong wrote:
         | If you use Google Flights, you can specify the number carry-
         | on/checked bags you want and Google will include the pricing
         | info in its rankings of flights which is handy.
         | 
         | I don't agree that airlines (or really any travel provider)
         | should be required to include travel time to/from city centers
         | though because not everyone is going to go into city centers.
         | However, that'd be an interesting feature to implement: a
         | feature that lets users specify their actual destination to get
         | a fuller picture of travel time.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | And flights costing 29 EUR are simply a market (and policy)
         | failure. In no reasonable sustainably operating economy would
         | we ever have gotten into a situation of flights being cheaper
         | than train trips.
        
           | kevindong wrote:
           | Counterexample: in Summer 2019, I took a one way flight from
           | Rome to Lisbon via Ryanair for $57.40 USD / ~EUR48.77
           | (current conversion rates, my receipt was denominated in
           | USD).
           | 
           | That's a 1,160 miles / 1,870 km / ~2.75 hour flight (distance
           | is as the crow flies). A train cannot compete with that. Not
           | that a reasonable train itinerary between Lisbon and Rome
           | exists.
           | 
           | For May 2021 [0], I'm seeing several roundtrip itineraries
           | between Lisbon and Rome for USD$31 / EUR26 on Ryanair. I
           | think the fact that such a low-priced flight can exist is
           | actually a triumph of capitalism.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.google.com/travel/flights/s/a5Ea
        
             | verall wrote:
             | It would be more of a triumph if those $30 flights were not
             | using leaded fuel, or if there was at least some lead
             | pollution task to encourage people to take different
             | transit options until the airline industry figures it out.
             | 
             | I think, it was much less of a problem, when many less
             | planes were flying.
             | 
             | -- Correction in the comment, Jet-A has no lead. Cursory
             | research suggests its nasty products are mostly organics
             | rather than heavy metals, which is much less bad. Thanks!
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15093276/
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | I don't believe Ryanair flies any piston planes and,
               | thus, does not use any leaded fuel.
        
             | anodari wrote:
             | I understood that the ban was only for flights within
             | France.
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | Every retailer will tell you that cutting prices (or even
             | accepting a small loss) on goods or services that don't
             | make a big profit brings in customers whose happiness with
             | finding a bargain is a more effective advertisement than
             | any the business can issue itself.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | Yes, the sort of "triumph" that got us into this
             | catastrophically unsustainable situation. Flights are _not_
             | cheap. It 's just that the hidden costs are paid by all of
             | us, including yet unborn humans. This cannot continue.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Work out the fuel costs per passenger mile and that's a
             | subsidized ticket. Now, airlines often have a surplus of
             | seats on a route and will sell some of them at a nominal
             | loss over flying empty seats, but they couldn't operate the
             | route if everyone was paying that.
        
           | dsnr wrote:
           | > And flights costing 29 EUR are simply a market failure
           | 
           | That's actually the market working as intended. In the case
           | of flights you have competition which drives the price down,
           | in the case of trains you mostly have a monopoly of the
           | national operator which increases prices each year (DB,
           | Germany). Train prices are prohibitively high, and when I
           | face the choice I always end up driving vs taking the train
           | (the price advantage grows larger with the number of people
           | travelling).
        
             | gpvos wrote:
             | No. It is externalities not properly being accounted for in
             | the cost.
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | The basic problem is that the market does a poor job of
             | accounting for externalities, so indirect costs (pollution,
             | subsidies) are dumped across whole populations over a long
             | period, thus becoming effectively invisible, while profits
             | are scrupulously accounted for and distributed to a far
             | smaller group of recipients.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Train prices are prohibitively high
             | 
             | They didn't need to be, the problem is that Deutsche Bahn
             | is expected to be profitable since two decades (as a result
             | of the failed attempts to privatize it) - and that
             | _includes the cost of physical infrastructure_ , which is
             | enormous.
             | 
             | An airport however is cheap to build (okay, jokes like the
             | BER aside) and operate, not to mention subsidies for
             | regional airports whereas the EU has been pushing for de-
             | subsidizing and liberalization of the railways for decades
             | now.
        
             | makapuf wrote:
             | Sometimes those 29EUR are just the emerged part if the
             | iceberg, with local airports subsidies which distorts said
             | market.
        
               | makapuf wrote:
               | If you look at this article[0], the subsidies can be
               | 100EUR per passenger [0]
               | https://www.lechotouristique.com/article/il-y-a-trop-d-
               | aerop... (french)
        
           | plantain wrote:
           | Flights don't pay VAT, for some unfathomably baffling reason.
           | Train tickets do.
           | 
           | It's not just a market failure, it's been engineered this
           | way.
        
           | EdwinLarkin wrote:
           | Railway systems usually dont play well with capitalism as
           | there is very little competition (given that infrastructure
           | and the train operator is usually a state owned company).
           | 
           | Aviation is simply much more efficient.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | Knowing the history of railroads, this comment is truly
             | spit-take worthy. Railroads are my go-to example for what
             | the "model" capitalistic industry looks like. Historically,
             | the investment boom/bust cycles were driven in large part
             | by railroad mania--most railroads in the 19th century were
             | funded by public stock offerings to raise the capital to
             | build them, producing and popping investment bubbles with
             | almost decadal frequency.
             | 
             | At least in the US, there was surprisingly little public
             | subsidy of railroads. The big exception is in the west,
             | where many lines were financed in part by land grants, but
             | this is not true all of lines (the Great Northern Railroad,
             | for example, had no land grants)--and most of the railroads
             | in the east has no land that could be granted to them at
             | all. Antitrust laws in the US specifically originate from
             | regulating the anticompetitive practice and local
             | monopolies that railroads had. Indeed, many of those
             | practices that motivated the law are now being repeated by
             | airlines without a corresponding modern push to regulate
             | those practices away.
             | 
             | Actual state ownership of the US is rare, both now and
             | historically. The big exceptions are the temporary
             | nationalization of the railroads during WWI and the
             | assumption of the bankrupt Penn Central assets into Conrail
             | (which was divvied up between CSX and NS in 1999). Of
             | course, the US may be unusually competitive on the world
             | scene for modern railroads, with US/Canada essentially
             | three geographic duopolies (BNSF/UP, CP/CN, and CSX/NS).
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | to give you a bit of history from the European
               | perspective.
               | 
               | most railways in Europe have been build by state programs
               | to kickstart further industrialisation during the later
               | half of the 19th century. prior to rail, the only way to
               | transport bulk goods like coal and iron ore efficiently
               | was through canalways. rails solved the issue of getting
               | the raw goods to the industrial centers where people
               | lived to produce goods efficiently. it also allowed for
               | rapid expansion of cities and town and made cities and
               | town with no access to a waterway far more viable.
               | 
               | privatization of rail only happenend after the cold war,
               | and is mostly seen as a failure in most countries.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | > Aviation is simply much more efficient.
             | 
             | Efficient, how? It uses much more energy, makes more noise
             | and creates more pollution.
             | 
             | The speed has very little to do with the funding model.
             | Flights were still faster in the 1970s when many state-
             | owned airlines operated, and trains are little different
             | when private companies run them (see: several European
             | countries).
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Don't forget about those rails. A lot of energy is locked
               | in them, not to mention land. Planes need airports and
               | nothing more.
               | 
               | Planes also spend their time where there is less wind
               | resistance to deal with.
               | 
               | Trains are still a win, but it isn't as clear as it
               | seems.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | Tying up capital equipment and personnel for much less
               | time to serve the same journey. Consider San Francisco to
               | Chicago, a route I have done both ways. The flight is 5
               | hours, the train ride 50 hours. A 737 is more expensive
               | than the California Zephyr trainset, but not by 10x.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what noise has to do with efficiency - I
               | doubt that the energy expended on vibrating the air is
               | physically or economically significant - but it is worth
               | noting that trains are _loud_. Particularly because
               | regulations written in blood require that they blow their
               | horns three times at every level crossing at all hours.
        
               | EdwinLarkin wrote:
               | Point-to-point travel is much faster and more efficient
               | with planes than with trains.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | I largely agree.
         | 
         | One issue with France is that their train system is very Paris-
         | centric. Want to go from the Rennes northwest to the Toulouse
         | in the southwest? Yeah, you're going to go through Paris in the
         | centre of the country.
         | 
         | Same with Bordeaux to Lyon. Takes about the same time driving
         | as high-speed rail takes a horseshoe route.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | This is caused in large part by the French economy and
           | transportation needs largely being Paris-centric--the Paris
           | metro is larger than the next 10 largest cities _combined_.
           | 
           | (Admittedly, a Bordeaux-Toulouse-Montpelier-Marseille-Nice
           | connection in the south is probably a viable TGV route. But
           | at a quick glance, that's probably the only viable non-via-
           | Paris route I see.)
        
           | bertil wrote:
           | Are there direct flights though?
        
             | thiht wrote:
             | I did Rennes-Toulouse multiple times (it was actually the
             | example I was going to give in this thread). It's 10 hours
             | by train, 2 hours by plane. So as long as there are no
             | direct trains, if flying was to be banned, there would be
             | no short way to do Rennes-Toulouse anymore.
        
               | ascorbic wrote:
               | According to the article, the law is banning routes that
               | have a fast train alternative so I'd imagine that's fine.
        
               | hyakosm wrote:
               | Interior flights will be banned only in case of a train
               | alternative inferior to 2.30h.
               | 
               | > Nous avons choisi [le seuil en train de] 2h30 car 4
               | heures, ca vient assecher des territoires souvent
               | enclaves comme le grand Massif central... Ce serait
               | inique sur le plan de l'equite des territoires" [1]
               | 
               | > We have chosen 2.30h instead of 4h, because of enclaved
               | territories like Massif Central. It would have been
               | inequal for the territories equity. [approximately
               | translated]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/environnement/conve
               | ntion-c...
        
           | Denvercoder9 wrote:
           | This is kind of an intrinsic problem with transport that
           | needs infrastructure along the whole route (i.e. trains and
           | cars). You need a minimum amount of travel along a route for
           | it to be worth it to construct and maintain that
           | infrastructure. The system naturally evolves to a hub-and-
           | spoke model.
           | 
           | Planes just need infrastructure at both ends, so it's a lot
           | easier to create a point-to-point model.
        
             | gsnedders wrote:
             | It's far from just the infrastructure, if you're looking at
             | HSR; Bordeaux to Lyon as an aviation route is mostly served
             | by E190's, each seating 100 people, whereas a TGV Reseau
             | seats 377 (which I believe is the lowest capacity of any
             | current TGV). Clearly the train can have the advantage of
             | intermediate stops, but you're starting off with much
             | higher capacity to fill.
             | 
             | And sure, you could build a very short train, but a lot of
             | the efficiencies of rail are built on transporting large
             | numbers of people at once.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | I'm surprised they're running jets instead of turboprops,
               | but maybe fuel efficiency is too high in my mind.
               | 
               | Only Chalair runs a small handful of ATRs.
        
               | gsnedders wrote:
               | Air France Hop and easyJet, the two operators of the
               | route, only fly jets. In the Hop case, post-pandemic
               | they'll be operating ERJs and E-Jets; in the easyJet
               | case, they'll be operating A320 family aircraft.
               | 
               | Note that Hop did have various ATR 42/72s until 2019/20,
               | when they got rid of their (fairly recent) ATR 72-600s.
               | It is perhaps surprising that they now are jet-only, but
               | at least pre-pandemic the plan was for them to long-term
               | be operating only CRJ1000 and E-190s, both of which are
               | notably larger than the largest turboprops on the market.
               | I don't know what their average sector length is, but
               | it's certainly not implausible that the fuel efficiency
               | per passenger isn't that much worse (and easyJet's A320s
               | almost certainly beat any turboprop on a per passenger
               | basis given their average loadings).
        
             | jankassens wrote:
             | You'll end up main connections and smaller ones to reach
             | smaller destinations. This doesn't mean it needs a single
             | center like Paris. Compare the map to Germany where there
             | are roughly 3 parallel fast North-South lines not focused
             | on a single center.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-
             | speed_rail_in_Europe#/m...
        
               | Denvercoder9 wrote:
               | Population in France is much more concentrated around
               | Paris than population in Germany is. The Paris metro area
               | accounts for 20% of France's population, while you need
               | the biggest three metro areas in Germany to get to that
               | percentage. Also Germany has double the population
               | density, so even the less dense parts have more people.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > Also Germany has double the population density, so even
               | the less dense parts have more people.
               | 
               | That is not causal.
               | 
               | Some countries have a higher population density, but the
               | population is mostly concentrated in one area and the low
               | density areas are really low density.
               | 
               | I presume there is a standard way to compare density
               | distributions between countries.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | gsnedders wrote:
           | > One issue with France is that their train system is very
           | Paris-centric.
           | 
           | I mean it's not just the rail network; it's _all_ of France.
           | Some of that is unsurprising given a 1/5th of the population
           | live in Paris and the surrounding area. A significant amount
           | of business travel from outside of Paris resultantly ends up
           | being to Paris.
           | 
           | There's definitely an argument that investing in
           | infrastructure that isn't centred on Paris may help change
           | how Paris-centric the country generally is, but that's a much
           | harder sell politically.
           | 
           | (And something like Bordeaux to Lyon needs to cross the
           | Massif Central, which will significantly increase the cost of
           | construction, which potentially makes it even less likely to
           | happen.)
        
             | jkepler wrote:
             | << (And something like Bordeaux to Lyon needs to cross the
             | Massif Central, which will significantly increase the cost
             | of construction, which potentially makes it even less
             | likely to happen.) >>
             | 
             | Indeed. Currently by train, Bordeaux to Lyon would either
             | go via Paris, or via Toulouse/Montpellier. Building train
             | lines across the Massif Central doesn't really make
             | economic sense due to the sparse population density.
        
               | toinebeg wrote:
               | The lines exists. There is a project of a cooperative
               | rail company who want to exploit this route with the
               | existing infrastructure.
               | 
               | https://www.railcoop.fr/ (in french)
        
             | kazen44 wrote:
             | also, France has been Paris centric since well, forever?
             | the French bureaucracy and political system is very
             | centralised and has been since the French revolution. this
             | directly ties into the idea of the state as an institution
             | in French culture in a lot of subtle ways aswell.
        
         | nraynaud wrote:
         | remember that now you're supposed to be in the train 20min in
         | advance, and connecting across stations in Paris with heavy
         | luggage and kids is a shit show (and a non-starter for
         | foreigners, they just call a taxi, and as the most visited
         | country in the world, this detail should matter)
         | 
         | But I hope it increases the frequency of bullet trains to and
         | from CDG TGV, this train station never had a useful train time
         | for my airplane. Lyon Airport is very easy to reach by train,
         | too bad it has almost no airplane.
        
           | ahartmetz wrote:
           | > now you're supposed to be in the train 20min in advance
           | 
           | Oh, why is that? Never heard of it or had to do it anywhere.
           | My last train trip starting from France was about 15 years
           | ago, though. And most trains have several stops so you
           | couldn't possibly be so early except at the initial
           | departure, not without slowing down the whole trip
           | unacceptably.
        
         | dopidopHN wrote:
         | Thanks for getting into the details. The fine prints change
         | everything.
        
         | efwfhfasljd wrote:
         | UX is also being neglected by train companies, and especially
         | _between_ train companies.
         | 
         | I think it would be a great enhancement if we had a European
         | booking system that'd provide single-ticket journeys no matter
         | which operator, and a Google-Flights-like UX.
         | 
         | Right now, the German DB got me into a mindset of adding an
         | extra hour between transits, and assume that the train might
         | skip my destination entirely. And if I file a complaint? Well,
         | that's already part of the price!
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | Moscow and St Petersburg are ~700 km apart. It takes 4 hours by
         | high-speed train, 8 hours (a night basically) by low-speed
         | train you can sleep in, or about an hour by plane. And none of
         | these are optimal. You have to spend those 4 hours awake if
         | you're taking the high-speed train, you might get annoying
         | neighbors if you take the low-speed one (and some people also
         | don't fit into those berths), and all 3 airports in Moscow are
         | in the middle of nowhere, so it essentially takes the same 4
         | hours if you fly.
         | 
         | And I'm not taking price into account, it varies a lot. I'm
         | just ranting that there isn't a good option for this kind of
         | distance. Not long enough to fly, but a bit too long for a
         | train.
         | 
         | Oh and you're only left with the slow train if you want to
         | spend a day, including the evening, in Moscow, and return at
         | night.
        
       | netfortius wrote:
       | In France I would never consider flying, when I could take the
       | TGV. The level of comfort of a 1st class train ticket vs an
       | economy airflight (space and positioning of seat) + ability to
       | move around + enjoying the scenery + no worries about the airport
       | hassles / security checkpoints / luggage check-in and check-out,
       | and transportation from airport to the center of the city, always
       | made the choice very easy fo me.
        
       | baud147258 wrote:
       | Is short domestic flights in France that much of a carbon
       | producers? I mean is the measure just a fig leaf or is it a real
       | step in the right direction?
       | 
       | Checking French sources, the only lines are apparently between
       | Paris and Nantes, Lyon and Bordeaux.
        
         | JBorrow wrote:
         | A large proportion of the carbon emissions from flights come
         | from takeoff (you have to haul the plane, full of fuel, up
         | through the gravitational potential)
        
       | EdwinLarkin wrote:
       | Essentially all this is is a tax on quality of life. Quality of
       | life will decrease for rich nations for nothing as all the
       | environmental gains will be offset by emerging economies.
       | 
       | China will continue to build more and its population will also
       | continue to consume more.
        
         | multiplegeorges wrote:
         | You're right, we should do nothing.
        
         | Thiez wrote:
         | Those living in the rich nations can hardly blame the people in
         | emerging economies for trying to achieve a similar standard of
         | living (well, not without being huge hypocrites). And yes,
         | large countries like China will have a large impact. But that
         | is going to happen regardless of whether the rich nations make
         | a change or not. So why wouldn't we try to reduce our own
         | impact? What alternative do you suggest? Do nothing and make
         | the problem even worse?
        
           | EdwinLarkin wrote:
           | Dont try to force altruism on me.I'd rather retain my
           | standards of living.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | >Dont try to force altruism on me.
             | 
             | Don't try to force your pollution on me...
        
             | Thiez wrote:
             | In the end preserving the environment helps everyone. We
             | all have to live here on this earth, as will our
             | descendants (for the foreseeable future at least). Perhaps
             | you don't have many years left, and have no children?
             | Otherwise your attitude seems rather shortsighted.
             | 
             | It's a good thing most rich countries are democracies where
             | the majority actually can force altruism on others, no
             | matter how selfish they are.
        
       | sys_64738 wrote:
       | What's the point of trimming the edges when the real culprits get
       | off lightly? No airlines in this league table of culprits.
       | 
       | https://www.visualcapitalist.com/companies-carbon-emissions/
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | "each company on this chart deals in fossil fuels". Their
         | contribution "is mostly from the combustion of their products".
         | 
         | So you want to blame supply, and not demand (airlines in your
         | example). How pointless.
        
         | gsnedders wrote:
         | How many of those companies got government-backed loans from
         | the French government in 2020?
        
       | mc32 wrote:
       | The article doesn't say but I have to think this is about
       | commercial flights and not private aviation?
        
       | roamerz wrote:
       | I wonder if this was actually the best way to accomplish this.
       | From some of the other comments it seems like the reason the
       | flights are less expensive is because of airline subsidies. Maybe
       | the lawmakers didn't have the powers to affect the subsidies but
       | had the power to enact a law? I also wonder if this will have the
       | side effect of clogging the trains routes with too many people.
       | It's been my experience that when lawmakers bend to
       | environmentalists and special interests it always negatively
       | affects the common folk who's focus is providing for their
       | families or simply surviving and don't wield the necessary
       | political influence to make their voices heard.
        
         | saddlerustle wrote:
         | In France trains are subsidised _way_ more than flights.
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | > to abolish domestic flights on routes than can be covered by
       | train in under two-and-a-half hours
       | 
       | So yeah, it's a non-issue. If a train takes 2:30 it would have
       | been a short flight anyway
        
       | underdeserver wrote:
       | I'm not an economist, but wouldn't it have been better to tax the
       | carbon emissions?
       | 
       | If you could offset the carbon emissions for 10 EUR, maybe add 12
       | EUR to the price of a ticket and use that money to buy carbon
       | offsets? That way those who still want it can still fly, and
       | we're at net negative emissions.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | It would, but the last time France tried imposing a carbon tax
         | there were riots in the streets. This might be the best we can
         | hope for.
        
           | hackeraccount wrote:
           | As long as no one figures out what's been taken from them.
        
             | bertil wrote:
             | The riots were because filling a car tank would get
             | expensive. I'm not sure people would not notice, until a
             | majority of the population is driving electric.
        
           | williamdclt wrote:
           | It was a carbon tax on gas that was going to affect the lower
           | classes disproportionately. I don't think we'd see an
           | uprising for a carbon tax on intra-national flights, which
           | are much more of a business travel mode
        
             | saddlerustle wrote:
             | People choose to fly rather than take the train because
             | flying is usually _cheaper_. This ban also impacts poor
             | people more than rich people.
        
               | dagenleg wrote:
               | Poor people don't fly that often
        
               | Befterriager wrote:
               | Because their train travels are heavily subsidized. And
               | more recently, it became easier to carpool easily for
               | long distance trips in France with Blablacar (before the
               | pandemy).
        
         | Denvercoder9 wrote:
         | Carbon offsets are not a structural solution though. Most
         | offsets right now reduce emissions elsewhere, where it's either
         | cheaper or technologically more feasible. However, eventually
         | we'll run out of those, and offsets will actually need to
         | capture carbon from the atmosphere. Since there's no feasible
         | synthetic carbon sequestration process invented yet,
         | practically that means you have to increase biomass, and
         | _ensure it remains biomass in perpetuity_. That can only be
         | taken so far, at a certain point you 'll run out of space to
         | plant forests.
        
           | Qub3d wrote:
           | Well, then carbon offsets raise in price as it becomes more
           | expensive to offset a given quantity of CO2. This makes
           | various schemes relying on purchasing offsets more and more
           | expensive, until they become unfeasible or are spending so
           | much that really radical advanced techniques can be developed
           | or become realistic to implement.
           | 
           | Economics is a _powerful_ tool.
        
         | ddevault wrote:
         | >I'm not an economist
         | 
         | The last thing we need is the insights of an economist when it
         | comes to solutions to climate change. It's thanks to economists
         | that we're still dealing with the problem in the first place!
        
           | gpvos wrote:
           | Not sure about that, I think it's more industry lobbyists and
           | politicians listening to them. There are lots of economists
           | with good ideas about this. A carbon tax or emissions trading
           | might well work if they didn't give out exceptions to
           | polluting industries for fear of them moving elsewhere.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | Human greed isn't a result of economics, it's just what
           | economists study. Carbon taxes and carbon capture are
           | absolutely the best solutions to climate change.
        
       | haakonhr wrote:
       | Let's ban stuff instead of ensuring fair competition and better
       | pricing of externalities..
       | 
       | Of interest:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_tax#Criticism_of_the_...
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | Not sure which way you lean here.
         | 
         | Are you saying you are on the side of banning stuff, or do you
         | think it's a bad idea?
        
           | haakonhr wrote:
           | The ban is kind of the equivalent of a quick, hacky fix of
           | some bug. It is better than nothing, but in general I'm
           | against banning stuff as the problem is that the flights are
           | too cheap, partially due to reasons like tax exemption on
           | fuel.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | EDIT: Thanks to commenters below, looks like my concerns aren't
       | valid after all -- CDG has a train station and airlines there
       | sell air tickets with a train connection. I didn't know about
       | either of those -- seems like France has this figured out in a
       | way other places haven't.
       | 
       | (original comment below)
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | I can appreciate the logic behind a ban on this _for single-hop
       | trips_.
       | 
       | But if you're flying into a hub and want to connect to a smaller
       | city -- e.g. Paris to Lyon -- switching to a train is _massively_
       | inconvenient. You 've got to travel _into_ Paris (an hour?) and
       | then take another 2-hour train, after you 're already tired from
       | your transcontinental flight.
       | 
       | So... do I have this right that I won't be able to fly from New
       | York to Lyon, it just won't exist even though they both have
       | airports? I'll have to fly into Paris and add 3 hours to my
       | already-long trip and make a totally separate train booking, and
       | worry about if lose the train ticket if the flight is delayed?
       | 
       | Or because Paris as a hub is out of the picture, will I just book
       | a flight via Brussels (New York -> Brussels -> Lyon) because that
       | will still be fine...
       | 
       | ...and _burn a ton more CO2_ because I 'm forced to take a longer
       | flight because France banned shorter ones?
        
         | martius wrote:
         | There is a TGV station in CDG.
        
         | tom_mellior wrote:
         | > _massively_ inconvenient
         | 
         | Combating climate change will cause massive inconvenience.
         | 
         | > So... do I have this right that I won't be able to fly from
         | New York to Lyon, it just won't exist even though they both
         | have airports? I'll have to fly into Paris and add 3 hours to
         | my already-long trip and make a totally separate train booking,
         | and worry about if lose the train ticket if the flight is
         | delayed?
         | 
         | This is FUD. If you search airfrance.com for flights from New
         | York to Lyon, the fastest connection you get is indeed two
         | flights connecting at CDG (11 hours total time). The second
         | fastest connection (11:30) is also a connection at CDG...
         | taking a direct train to Lyon. Such flight+train combinations
         | have existed for a _long_ time.
        
           | Befterriager wrote:
           | > If you search airfrance.com for flights from New York to
           | Lyon, the fastest connection you get is indeed two flights
           | connecting at CDG (11 hours total time).
           | 
           | And if you search an aggregator, chances are that Brussels
           | Airlines (via Brussels, obviously) is faster. And more
           | convenient since you can drop your luggage at your starting
           | point.
           | 
           | At that point, one criteria that comes into play is if you
           | are living closer to the Lyon train station or to the Lyon
           | airport.
        
         | Befterriager wrote:
         | > will I just book a flight via Brussels (New York -> Brussels
         | -> Lyon) because that will still be fine...
         | 
         | Or Amsterdam flying KLM which is a way better airport than
         | Paris Charles de Gaulle anyway (and arguably a better airline
         | than Air France). Or any German airport flying Lufthansa.
        
           | kazen44 wrote:
           | its kind of funny that air France is considered worse then
           | KLM considering they are the same company..
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | It would be better to demand syngas use to spur innovation.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | How many people does it kill?
       | 
       | People are not using trains for a reason.
       | 
       | If they drive instead that's far less safe. It should kill a fair
       | few people.
        
       | dopidopHN wrote:
       | To be noted : we have a extensive fast train system. As a user, I
       | prefer to take the train. It's faster, more confortable and
       | overall less hassle. ( you get from city center to city center,
       | no security check; you can move around, use your mobile hotspot
       | or the train wifi )
       | 
       | The one use case is going from Paris to Toulouse for instance.
       | It's take a day of train. But even Paris-Marseille is less than
       | 3h at this point.
       | 
       | Paris, Lyon, Lille; Marseille, Nantes, Strasbourg; Those are our
       | << top >> cities and they are all connected with fast trains.
        
         | thiht wrote:
         | Rennes-Toulouse is 10 hours by train, because it transits
         | through Paris. It's 2 hours by plane.
         | 
         | If you're in Paris, you can go anywhere easily. If you're not
         | in Paris, some cities are hard to reach by train.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Looking at timetables, it's actually 7h30 or 6h30 by train
           | (I'm seeing two different itineraries, and I'm not sure where
           | the hour difference comes from). Even then, the Bordeaux-
           | Toulouse link is not full HSR speed, and adds an extra ~2h of
           | travel time because of it. When LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse is
           | built, that should cut off another 2h to a 4h30 trip.
           | 
           | You might theoretically cut off another 1h if there were a
           | more direct Rennes-Bordeaux line, but most of the delay over
           | the plane isn't caused by the detour to Paris but by the
           | quality of the current rail line to Toulouse.
        
             | Befterriager wrote:
             | > When LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse is built
             | 
             | For context for US readers, the California High-Speed Rail
             | will probably be completed before the end of the debate on
             | the construction of the LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse.
        
             | thiht wrote:
             | Maybe it improved since the time I had to do Rennes-
             | Toulouse, which is good (although it should be better).
             | FWIW the SNCF website still says that the average is 10h30,
             | 6h30 being the best.
        
           | baby wrote:
           | Add the time it takes to go to the airport, and go through
           | security gates, and all of that and you get more like a 5-6h
           | flight. Also Rennes toulouse 10h by train? I have a hard time
           | believing this.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | As per TFA (which apparently nobody read)
           | 
           | > to abolish domestic flights on routes than can be covered
           | by train in under two-and-a-half hours
        
       | oleganza wrote:
       | This may also seem like a nice cover up for French gov messing up
       | economy and having companies go bankrupt / close destinations.
       | "Looks, the flights disappeared not because we fucked things up,
       | but because we are proactively saving the planet here!"
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | The law of unintended consequences is going to bite back so hard
       | on this one ...
        
       | blue_box wrote:
       | I hope they also start doing something about meat consumption.
       | 
       | https://www.cowspiracy.com/facts
        
         | julienreszka wrote:
         | How about no
        
       | benja123 wrote:
       | Overall I am for this, but I do wonder if most short domestic
       | flights are business trips. I can definitely imagine a situation
       | where if I was taking frequent day trips for work and that extra
       | 30 minutes to an hour is the difference between me seeing me kid
       | before they go to sleep or not choosing to take the flights.
        
         | multiplegeorges wrote:
         | To me, the best solution to this kind of scenario is video
         | calling, which is currently being normalized and will be
         | readily accepted going forward.
        
           | benja123 wrote:
           | Same, but pre COVID at least lots of people were expected to
           | travel even if a video chat could be equally effective.
        
       | bjeds wrote:
       | I wonder what the unintended consequences are with this measure.
       | Here are some:
       | 
       | 1) I can imagine weird situations where a multi-leg flight could
       | be broken up by this ban, especially if you are traveling from
       | the middle of nowhere (connected to a smaller airport in France)
       | and you are flying to another middle of nowhere place (connected
       | by _another_ smaller airport in France). Instead of having one
       | flight, you now have two flights with a train trip in the middle,
       | which can of course be inconvenient in case the first flight is
       | delayed and so on.
       | 
       | 2) Say I live in one of the larger French cities, but not Paris.
       | I want to travel to northern Japan, for example. Previously I
       | could go to my local airport and transfer in Paris CDG. However
       | now there are two other options viable for me because I can no
       | longer fly to Paris: I can either take the train to Paris
       | (Charles de Gaulle), hauling my checked luggage on the train and
       | possible taxis (skis, travel gear, lots of duffels)... Or I can
       | just go to my local airport, dump the luggage on that airport,
       | and transfer in Frankfurt.
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | I found taking TGV to Paris CDG a pretty good experience.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | The experience would be better: you take the train at the train
         | station near by your place, then you arrive at the airport
         | directly.
        
         | conradfr wrote:
         | Apparently the law has an exception for connecting flights but
         | I'm not sure it will work in practice.
        
       | wut42 wrote:
       | While the reason is honorable, I can't help but think this is an
       | attack on poor/middle class people. Traveling by train in France
       | is quite expensive, and very annoying some times (I live in a
       | lost country-side, and if I want to travel to my parents, it's a
       | three to four train ride, taking about 8 to 10 hours). Ok, plane
       | wouldn't help in most cases either, but the train offering got a
       | lot gutted over the years and it's not going to improve.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | I'm French, I was a poor student, so I didn't pay for the
         | train. Instead I took car rides (blablacar) or bus rides. Not a
         | freaking plane!
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | I never really bought this argument. Poor people aren't taking
         | regular flights or driving SUV's. Climate change is a problem
         | caused by the consumption habits of the wealthy, not the poor.
        
           | j7ake wrote:
           | Banning domestic flights won't stop the habits of the
           | wealthy; they fly private personal planes. What the ban
           | likely will cause is an increase in the cost of travel, which
           | hurts middle class people.
        
         | conradfr wrote:
         | Poor people will take the Macron coaches instead of the
         | disbanded slower trains.
         | 
         | Great progress ...
        
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