[HN Gopher] Court rules grocery store's inaccessible website isn...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Court rules grocery store's inaccessible website isn't an ADA
       violation
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2021-04-10 13:47 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | fcatus wrote:
       | I'm not undermining the importance of this issue, but some
       | details in THIS SPECIFIC STORY that doesn't add up. Since when
       | you need to tell the pharmacist your order? You just say your
       | name and they look it up on their system... Also, couldn't he
       | contact the company about the issue before immediately filing a
       | lawsuit? Sounds like he's looking for big cash.
        
       | prpl wrote:
       | Was there an option to cure the violation? I would think devs
       | would have billed less than lawyers.
        
         | temp8964 wrote:
         | It's really hard to say which one costs more. If they fail or
         | give up the law suit, then the challenge becomes open-ended. If
         | they win the law suit, the cost is fixed.
        
         | WindyLakeReturn wrote:
         | I thought the ADA didn't allow a cure to stop a lawsuit. once
         | in violation there is an injured person who now has to be made
         | whole regardless of other actions you take. Wasn't this one of
         | the main reasons the ADA led to some lawyers to go fishing for
         | violations?
        
           | extra88 wrote:
           | Typically in disability lawsuits, the plaintiffs are seeking
           | nothing more than the problem be corrected and coverage of
           | their court costs, they don't seek damages.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, in recent years, there's been a spate of
           | lawsuit trolls primarily interested in a cash settlement and
           | don't care if the problem is corrected or not. There are
           | examples of this over both online and physical violations.
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | I'm an ardent defender of the rights of the disabled, but I think
       | this is a broad stretch. This feels more like greedy lawyers than
       | an actual problem.
        
         | kiwijamo wrote:
         | As a disabled person I find your definition of ardent defender
         | interesting. I think blind people have every right to expect
         | they can do what signed people can do on the web when it comes
         | to accessing health services such as the one described. It
         | would not take too much work either to make it accessible from
         | the sounds of it either.
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | > Gill also preferred to order prescriptions online because it
       | offered greater privacy. In court, he testified that ordering in
       | person as a blind man made him "uncomfortable because he did not
       | know who else was nearby listening" as he told the pharmacist his
       | order.
       | 
       | A pragmatic solution might be to offer people like Gill to phone
       | in their prescriptions.
        
         | throwaway_kufu wrote:
         | Im supposing that way he can be certain others are listening,
         | but he would still be in the same boat of not knowing exactly
         | who was listening.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | Just like non-blind people won't be sure which people see the
           | combination of name + medication before they pick them up.
           | 
           | > A few years ago, Gil learned that the store offered
           | customers the ability to fill prescriptions online. Ordering
           | online saves customers time because prescriptions are ready
           | when the customer arrives.
           | 
           | That implies that a person read the order and prepared it for
           | pickup.
        
             | kiwijamo wrote:
             | I think his concern is not about employees (who are
             | required to be ethical) but random members of the public
             | who could use the information they learn in malicious ways.
        
               | tpmx wrote:
               | I can only assume you didn't read my first comment about
               | using the phone to specify the order.
        
       | shariqm wrote:
       | I see some people are feeling conflicted trying to balance 1)
       | Making the web more accessible with 2) Increasing
       | business/startup costs.
       | 
       | It's important to remember making websites more accessible often
       | benefits everyone in some way. e.g. providing an alt text
       | description for images on your website obviously benefits
       | visually impaired users, but it also benefits people who can't
       | afford high bandwidth or people who are moving through a remote
       | area. In the Microsoft framework these three scenarios are
       | called:
       | 
       | 1) Permanent (Visually Impaired)
       | 
       | 2) Temporary (Can't afford high bandwidth)
       | 
       | 3) Situational (In a remote area)
       | 
       | There's good online resources for understanding these concepts
       | [1,2,3].
       | 
       | Anyway, for companies as big as WinnDixie, with $10B in annual
       | revenue, they should be designing their websites to be accessible
       | by everyone. For small businesses it would be nice if website
       | building providers like SquareSpace and Wix made this as easy as
       | possible for their users.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.iweb.co.uk/2016/10/inclusive-design-why-our-
       | webs...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAzkrXTGEOM&t=55s
       | 
       | [3] https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/accessibility
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | As a blind person, I think that accessibility matters most in
         | situations where there's little competition and/or high
         | switching costs.
         | 
         | A startup building a new email client shouldn't be required to
         | implement accessibility, certainly not from the start. There
         | are enough accessible solutions in that space, and while
         | accessibility would be nice, it would make the barriers of
         | entry much higher.
         | 
         | On the other hand, Facebook, a company famous for prosecuting
         | app developers for (mis)using their API, should absolutely be
         | required to do so. If all your friends are on Facebook, you're
         | not even allowed to build a more accessible Facebook client.
         | 
         | I also believe that we should legalize 3rd party apps if the
         | original app is inaccessible, regardless of the TOS or presence
         | of DRM.
        
           | TheCoelacanth wrote:
           | I believe that we should legalize 3rd party apps full stop.
           | The legal system should never be possible to use to enforce
           | lack of interoperability.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | I don't think that's a solution; sure, making the site more
         | accessible makes you reach more users even beyond the
         | "disability" angle, but that doesn't make it a winning cost-
         | benefit tradeoff immediately if ever.
         | 
         | EDIT: By analogy, it's very like software portability. If you
         | make your software support Windows and MacOS and assorted Linux
         | distros and the major BSDs and Haiku, you'll get more users.
         | But if you only target Windows you'll get 80% of the market,
         | and Windows+MacOS will get you 90%, and after that you really
         | need to think about whether it's a good investment to target
         | more platforms. By all means, be accessible because it's the
         | right thing to do or legally required, but it's not obvious
         | that it's a sound business move.
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | The reason the ADA exists is that it's almost never a
           | profitable cost-benefit tradeoff to accommodate people with
           | disabilities.
           | 
           | But I'd much rather work at a company that was 1% less
           | profitable or live in a society that was 1% less wealthy and
           | accommodated people with disabilities than one that left them
           | in the gutter.
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | Well, it's easy to comply with ADA cheaply if you do it
             | right the first time but a pain in the ass to retrofit
             | things later.
             | 
             | At least with webdev the problem is most people stumble
             | into it and are not formally taught much about webdev
             | specifically if at all. My undergrad never taught me a
             | single thing about webdev practice. It's not like, say,
             | architecture, where you not complying with accessibility
             | regulations will be taught formally, or later when you
             | actually implement it some code compliance inspector is
             | going to deny you a permit to build. It really is the wild
             | west in webdev still.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | I was specifically responding to a comment that said
             | accessibility wasn't expensive because it lets you reach
             | more people (or at least that was my reading of it). Yes,
             | by all means be accessible because it's the right thing to
             | do - I object only to the idea that we should do it because
             | it makes sense from a pure money perspective. It's a good
             | thing, that's just not the reason.
        
           | shariqm wrote:
           | I agree it's still not going to win the cost-benefit tradeoff
           | in most markets. OTOH - I imagine making your software
           | support more OSs is much more expensive than designing your
           | website to be more accessible, at most $1M/year. If you've
           | got billions in annual revenue that's pennies in the bucket.
           | 
           | In my view, it's about trying to provide more 'equal
           | opportunity' in this world where it's financially feasible.
           | This seems like a case where it is more often that not.
           | Again, for medium+ businesses.
        
         | cmeacham98 wrote:
         | > I see some people are feeling conflicted trying to balance 1)
         | Making the web more accessible with 2) Increasing
         | business/startup costs.
         | 
         | Doesn't the ADA already have some exemption for startup/small
         | businesses where it doesn't apply if you have less than X
         | employees?
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | Even if the ADA does have carve outs, if a small business
           | wants to do business with any government/public entity they
           | most likely will have to meet some level of accessibility. A
           | VPAT[1] is commonly asked for in these cases.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Product_Accessibi
           | lit...
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | It appears that the exemption noted by others for businesses
           | with fewer than 15 employees only relates to the obligation
           | to accommodate _employees_ , not customers. [1]
           | 
           | For example, one of the links provided elsewhere is to an
           | EEOC website. The EEOC is the Equal Employment Opportunity
           | Commission, which only relates to employment, not to
           | accommodating customers.
           | 
           | 1: https://www.accessibility.com/blog/do-small-businesses-
           | with-...
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | Less than 15
           | 
           | https://www.searchenginejournal.com/website-accessibility-
           | la...
        
           | shariqm wrote:
           | Ah yeah it does say that here:
           | https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/ada-primer-small-business
           | 
           | Good to know
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | Also, making webpages inaccessible usually takes work.
         | Reasonable use of semantic HTML, styling, and alt tags for
         | images are probably good enough. It's when you start doing
         | ridiculous things with SPA frameworks (something no asked for
         | or wants) that this gets hard.
        
           | robertoandred wrote:
           | SPA frameworks don't make accessibility any harder.
        
             | extra88 wrote:
             | I disagree. Even if an SPA framework (or more likely a
             | library add-on) does a good job of reinventing the wheels
             | of traditional HTML requests (e.g. announcing the name of
             | the new "page" when it loads and setting focus), there are
             | always going to be more details that will be at least a
             | little harder to implement on each site.
             | 
             | I'm not fundamentally opposed to JavaScript frameworks,
             | even when used to make SPAs. I think their downsides can be
             | worth using them anyway and issues like accessibility can
             | be overcome. They are a paradigm that are chosen too often
             | without enough thought about the downsides and are a bad
             | choice as default.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | Basic accessibility is nearly 'free' if someone uses modern web
         | standards, and runs a tool to check during development. Things
         | like alt tags, proper html tag usage, keyboard navigation
         | (logical and without traps), and good contrast are good
         | programming/design and good for every user.
        
           | extra88 wrote:
           | I agree that following web standards gets you a lot in terms
           | of accessibility and is a part of good programming and
           | design.
           | 
           | There's a lot that automated checkers don't find. They can
           | detect if an image lacks an alt attribute, they can't tell if
           | an alt attribute's value is bad. Many are pretty good at at
           | least flagging where there _might_ be a color contrast
           | problem for a human to double-check. They don 't
           | automatically find interactive components that aren't
           | keyboard navigable or operable. They don't know when the DOM
           | order of content doesn't make sense.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | Sure, no tool is perfect.
             | 
             | For me though, making sure keyboard navigation works
             | properly early on _speeds_ up the develop and test cycle. I
             | also think that in many cases, perfect ends up the enemy of
             | the good. It 's a different conversation if a disabled
             | person contacts someone about a site with a suggestion for
             | improvement rather than it doesn't work at a all.
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | For the web, screen readers are easy, the only thing I find
           | problematic are some of the color contrast requirements.
           | There have been several instances where we've had to make
           | designs definitively worse in order to accomodate those.
           | 
           | I somewhat question the need, as well--at some of the
           | contrast levels we're talking about, if your vision is that
           | bad, you should really consider enabling a magnifier, color
           | filter, or even a screen reader.
           | 
           | What becomes really problematic, however, are PDFs, which are
           | _supposed_ to be a quick way to offer printed documents
           | digitally, without too much extra work. Making those work
           | with screen readers can take a long time, and there have been
           | some cases where clients decided to just remove them from
           | their websites. I 'm not sure what to do about that, but I'm
           | concerned we're creating barriers to sharing information,
           | with anybody.
        
           | KeepFlying wrote:
           | Totally. Especially if you design correctly from the start.
           | Adding accessibility to a site/app/etc that was designed for
           | years without it in mind is a pain in the ASS, but doing it
           | from the start is simple.
           | 
           | The contrast issues sometimes make design a bit harder, but
           | it's totally worth it I believe.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | There are some spaces where websites are already mandated to be
       | accessible via other regulations. Like airline websites...they
       | are mandated via the Air Carrier Accessibility Act. You could
       | look into how that progression went to see what a broader
       | regulation would do. Though I suppose it wouldn't give much of a
       | view into smaller businesses.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | IIRC, any entity getting federal money (grants, etc) are
         | obligated to make their web sites accessible.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | Ah, okay. The ACAA website requirements happened in late
           | 2015.
        
         | iudqnolq wrote:
         | Wrong, most websites in the US are currently required to be
         | accessible. The ruling described by TFA overturns that in one
         | region.
         | 
         | https://www.searchenginejournal.com/website-accessibility-la...
         | 
         | Edit: I regret how rude this comment is. It is also wrong, I
         | misunderstood what happened.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | "Wrong"? I'm suggesting it's a space you could look at to see
           | how the transition went, in a space where the website owners
           | knew for sure it was required.
        
             | iudqnolq wrote:
             | And I'm saying it was always required, there was no
             | transition.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | You don't see the value of studying what happened in a
               | space where the owners of the sites finally agreed it was
               | required?
               | 
               | For sure, there was a burst of activity and change on the
               | part of the airlines when this happened.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | _I regret_
           | 
           | No worries. Sounds like you read some intent on my part to
           | mean accessibility was optional. I wasn't trying to say that.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Not that everything is political, but it appears that the two
       | judges in the majority were appointed by Republicans and the
       | dissenter was appointed by a Democrat. If they end up having an
       | _en banc_ hearing, the composition of the full Eleventh Circuit
       | (excluding senior status judges) is seven Republican appointees
       | and five Democrat appointees. There are also more Republican
       | appointees among the senior status judges.
       | 
       | Of course, this decision shouldn't be over-politicized; I only
       | mention this because it is a relevant consideration in predicting
       | the likelihood of an _en banc_ rehearing, and the possible
       | outcome.
       | 
       | My sense (as a former lawyer) is that _en banc_ rehearings are
       | somewhat more likely when the majority of the judges would vote
       | to reverse. Given the composition of the Eleventh Circuit, this
       | theory would predict that there wouldn 't be a rehearing, which
       | would leave this to SCOTUS to resolve.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | I'm surprised that this is still getting litigated and having
       | lengthy trials or opinions.
       | 
       | You might remember that way back in *2002* this very same
       | question came up regarding Southwest Airlines's website, and it
       | was ruled that it was not a physical place covered by the ADA.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_Now,_Inc._v._Southwest_....
       | 
       | I think what it speaks to most is that Congress needs to address
       | the question once and for all to not have this issue decided over
       | and over by the courts.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | Here's your link in a form that gets through HN's formatting:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_Now,_Inc._v._Southwest_...
         | 
         | The last character of links ending in "." often gets eaten by
         | HN. Writing it as %2e makes it work.
        
           | supernova87a wrote:
           | ah, thank you!
        
       | sumnole wrote:
       | Design should be accessible by default and progressively
       | enhanced/gracefully degraded. Don't write off accessibility as
       | something too hard to implement; don't perpetuate the
       | underserving of the disabled and don't lose out on customers able
       | or not that value accessibility. It's actually pretty simple.
       | Here are a few resources:
       | 
       | https://www.wuhcag.com/wcag-checklist/
       | 
       | https://medium.com/@koalamango/web-accessibility-its-easier-...
        
         | turnerc wrote:
         | > Don't write off accessibility as something too hard to
         | implement
         | 
         | For a lot of these websites it would necessitate a lot of
         | manual work, the unfortunate reality is that although producing
         | accessibility features is not 'hard' it can be time consuming
         | and most corporates won't go for it.
        
           | Rule35 wrote:
           | > For a lot of these websites it would necessitate a lot of
           | manual work
           | 
           | Yes, but ... That's work they brought on themselves by not
           | doing the right things in the easy way. Sure, once they're
           | there, there is a lot of work to come back but that should be
           | used as a reason to not use those frameworks in the first
           | place.
           | 
           | Some accessibility is like adding alt-text. It adds work. But
           | almost everything else is just not abusing the browser and is
           | generally done simply by following the recommendations. And
           | not trying to live on the bleeding edge.
        
       | modularform123 wrote:
       | Great ruling. These professionals plaintiffs can pound sand as
       | far as I'm concerned. It's like this Yaniv character who goes
       | around dressed like a woman to find someone unwilling to wax his
       | balls.
        
       | curryst wrote:
       | This is a messy situation. On one hand, I totally get that the
       | internet is a massively important portion of most people's lives,
       | and people that need special accomodations should be able to
       | participate. On the other hand, accessibility still doesn't seem
       | to be easy to implement. I don't work on the frontend, so I could
       | be wrong, but last I looked, it seemed heavily manual and
       | somewhat hard to integrate. It will be expensive to implement, at
       | least until someone makes a better abstraction.
       | 
       | I suspect the Domino's ruling will be the winning one, but I
       | don't know where that line gets drawn. Does my blog have to
       | support accessibility? I don't sell anything, but it is public.
       | Is the neighborhood softball league going to have to implement
       | it? Commercial entities will probably have to comply, but I'm
       | curious what the impact on the rest of the landscape will be.
        
         | pasquinelli wrote:
         | is that any different from saying that installing wheelchair
         | ramps in old buildings will be expensive and, in some cases,
         | difficult?
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | You can build a wheelchair ramp and perhaps it needs some new
           | lumber occasionally but it's relatively easy to spot and fix
           | problems.
           | 
           | For a website, it could easily fall out of accessibility with
           | an update to some library you rely on, and you wouldn't even
           | know.
           | 
           | To me, the difference is that software is never finished and
           | behaves differently depending on who's using it on what OS
           | and what web browser, and is thus that much harder to keep
           | compliant.
        
             | runarberg wrote:
             | I feel like this attitude undermines the fact that web
             | development is an industry with skilled workers. A well
             | crafted web site is accessible by default. A skilled web
             | developer knows which parts can be problematic and deals
             | with it. This is really no different then a skilled
             | carpenter know how to build a robust wheel chair ramp.
             | 
             | A bad contractor will have unskilled carpenters build
             | unsound ADA compliance that requires expensive maintenance
             | later. The same applies for web dev shops.
        
               | extra88 wrote:
               | > web development is an industry with skilled workers
               | 
               | It's an industry with some skilled workers but a lot that
               | aren't. It's amazing to me, who watched the web develop
               | as a non-professional, how many workers don't know basic
               | things about HTML, CSS specificity, etc. That ignorance
               | leads to the web being worse in many ways, not just less
               | accessible.
               | 
               | I used to think that if you call yourself a "web
               | professional" that part of that was understanding how to
               | make things accessible, basically "it's your job, do your
               | job;" if the so-called professionals did that then the
               | problems of inaccessible sites would go away.
               | 
               | I do still think there are some fundamentals that every
               | web professional should know and handling those takes
               | care the large majority of barriers. I underestimated how
               | vast the web profession is and the scope of possible
               | accessibility problems and now think that even if web
               | professionals become better educated, there will always
               | be a need for specialists in accessibility (which is
               | self-serving since I have become one).
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | A grocery store is going to find it far easier to
               | recognize shoddy workmanship in the physical world.
               | 
               | And, again, the only software that ever "finishes" is the
               | software that falls into buggy disuse.
               | 
               | The same attributes that make the digital world much
               | faster to create a solution than the analog world make it
               | much more challenging to maintain over the long run, and
               | more difficult to for most people to be able to tell the
               | difference between good work and poor work.
               | 
               | I'm not saying we _shouldn 't_ expect the business world
               | to be accessible online, just that I'm not convinced it's
               | practical for smaller businesses. I think the end of that
               | road is just forcing them all into Facebook's arms, which
               | is the last place I want them to be.
        
             | Tomte wrote:
             | That's only because there are no incentives to make
             | libraries work (and keep working) wrt to accessibility.
             | 
             | So the courts provide the incentives.
        
             | Forge36 wrote:
             | What if a business is in a city and the building is old?
             | The number of stores downtown with a single step is
             | surprisingly high.
             | 
             | What are the rules on building the ramp on a public
             | sidewalk?
             | 
             | The roadblock isn't always maintenance, it's doing the work
             | up front to avoid that step being a problem later.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | There are definitely edge cases where a ramp can be
               | harder to build than an accessible website is to maintain
               | over the long run. I'm unconvinced that's more than a
               | tiny fraction of the overall problem space.
        
             | derekp7 wrote:
             | If you are using automated testing then you need to make
             | the site accessible to the test script. Which kind of makes
             | it accessible to screen readers automatically.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | Yes. This is actually an argument against -- what defines a
           | "reasonable" accomodation includes what alternative solutions
           | are available and the cost to implement. For instance, an
           | alternative accommodation could be a member of store staff
           | retrieving your items for you, instead of putting in a ramp,
           | if the necessary ramp would violate sidewalk clearance.
        
           | WindyLakeReturn wrote:
           | It does seem to dance around the issue of how easy bridges
           | are to build without major flaws compared to how hard
           | similarly sized software applications are to build without
           | major flaws. I would suggest that it is entirely possible the
           | same reasons that we can't treat software projects like
           | physical construction projects also applies to accessibility.
           | I'm not saying that is the case, but that I haven't seen
           | reason for it to not be the case and it should remain an
           | option until shown otherwise.
        
             | jcelerier wrote:
             | > It does seem to dance around the issue of how easy
             | bridges are to build without major flaws
             | 
             | ahaha what
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bridge_failures#2000%
             | E...
        
             | cortesoft wrote:
             | I don't think it is easier to build a safe bridge, we just
             | make the effort to do it.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I think you're right. Unsafe bridges kill people. Most
               | bad software does not, and when it might, we generally
               | are more careful with it (not always, just as we still
               | have bridge failures from time to time).
        
         | iudqnolq wrote:
         | The difficulty really depends on how much you deviate from the
         | browser defaults. For example, if you use the default
         | datepicker it's accessible by default, if you build your own
         | you'll need to annotate the states with accessibility
         | attributes.
         | 
         | I don't think it's as difficult as you make out to draw a line.
         | An analogy: you can't have only a men's restroom in your
         | Dominos store, but if can in your shed in your backyard for
         | your friends if you want.
         | 
         | Edit: Now I've read TFA I learned the law already has a
         | perfectly reasonable sounding standard that was ruled not to
         | apply to the internet in this case
         | 
         | > Winn-Dixie had argued that the law defines "public
         | accommodations" to only include physical locations like a
         | store. A website isn't a physical location, and hence it's
         | outside the scope of the law, the grocery chain argued.
        
           | blincoln wrote:
           | Yes, this.
           | 
           | I originally learned how to build accessible web sites and
           | apps in 1996,when I interned at a startup. Most web standards
           | make it easy to implement accessibility. It's generally only
           | when building complex, custom stuff that it becomes harder,
           | IMO. And (also IMO), that custom stuff tends to be fragile
           | and break on other browsers or over time anyway, so I've
           | avoided it ever since.
        
           | blacktriangle wrote:
           | I'd hate to see this become the standard. The build-in
           | browser datepicker is utter shit. There's a reason nobody
           | uses it. Frankly the whole HTML form spec is a world of crap
           | for what users are expecting from UIs these days. Being
           | legally limited to what the WHATWG manages to agree on and
           | ship in a browser would be a huge step back for web
           | applications.
        
             | iudqnolq wrote:
             | The default is hard to use. However, I've found it better
             | than the open-source alternatives I've seen (mainly AirBnB
             | datepicker) if you test across
             | {Chrome,Firefox}{Desktop,Mobile}.
             | 
             | I also wasn't suggesting the built-in should be mandated,
             | just that if you replace it you either provide a way to
             | downgrade to the built-in or make your replacement at least
             | as accessibile. If you make your replacement usable with
             | only a keyboard you'll be nearly there anyway.
        
             | TheCoelacanth wrote:
             | Any half-decent datepicker library is going to be
             | accessible.
             | 
             | If you absolutely must reinvent the wheel, then yes, you
             | will need to put in a bit of extra effort to make it
             | accessible.
        
         | extra88 wrote:
         | > Does my blog have to support accessibility? I don't sell
         | anything, but it is public.
         | 
         | No, it doesn't. Your home also doesn't need to be wheelchair
         | accessible, even if you throw a party and welcome anyone in.
         | 
         | > Is the neighborhood softball league going to have to
         | implement it?
         | 
         | Sounds like a private club so no, it doesn't.
         | 
         | The outcome of this case would not change the answers to these
         | questions.
         | 
         | > Commercial entities will probably have to comply
         | 
         | Yes.
         | 
         | The law in question applies to "places of public accommodation"
         | which is a legal phrase. This case, and similar cases, hinges
         | on one of two questions: 1) do the ADA obligations of physical
         | places (like grocery stores) extend to their non-physical goods
         | and services or 2) do websites, apps, etc. constitute "places"
         | in their own right (e.g. does this particular law apply to
         | Hulu, Tinder, etc.)?
         | 
         | In my opinion, the majority in this case was too focused on the
         | laws lengthy, but clearly not comprehensive, list of example
         | places, all of which were normally thought of as physical (but
         | are not inherently so, even when the law was written), they
         | didn't concern themselves enough that the clear intent of the
         | law is to provide equal access to goods, services, etc.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Implementing text and a form to POST is really simple -
         | especially when you don't have to style it, etc. Blind people
         | don't need flashy UI's. They need text and HTML serves this
         | well.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | I worked in the web accessibility space a decade ago.
         | 
         | It really wasn't hard back then.
         | 
         | However, for something as simple as a providing prescriptions,
         | there is no argument that whatever was easy a decade ago won't
         | work. They could either make a separate link/interface for
         | accessibility purposes[0], or have done the right thing and
         | designed it to be accessible from the get go, instead of trying
         | to shoehorn an existing design into an accessible one. I'd bet
         | money that the _real_ problem here is that they built the site
         | with little regard to accessibility, and are now dealing with
         | the fallout. I 'd wager that had they planned for an accessible
         | site from the get-go, they would have built a site as good as
         | it is now, and be accessible, with little extra cost.
         | 
         | [0] Frankly, some ordinary people like me might actually
         | _prefer_ the non-fancy accessible UI. I bet most of their non-
         | accessible stuff has little benefit to me.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Isn't that the approach? I'm not much in front-end work these
           | days. I thought it was:
           | 
           | 1. Build a simple HTML/Forms implementation that works (but
           | obviously is not feature-rich).
           | 
           | 2. Enhance (1) with JavaScript/CSS to add all your fancy UI
           | cosmetics. If there's no JavaScript or CSS, then you get the
           | unenhanced version by default.
           | 
           | Clearly for some things (e.g. Maps) that are inherently
           | visual this isn't possible, but for the typical
           | customer/business transactions we are talking about here,
           | seems to me it should work.
        
             | extra88 wrote:
             | You're basically describing "progressive enhancement."
             | People with disabilities aren't really more likely to load
             | a site without JavaScript or CSS though, a site can still
             | require JavaScript and CSS to operate. It does take at
             | least a little more work to make a form work through POST
             | and as AJAX-submitted JSON. To be accessible, a site should
             | be robust enough to work even when everything isn't the
             | same as when the web author uses it (users use keyboard and
             | other inputs instead of a cursor, have different screen
             | sizes, zoom or enlarge text, use Windows High Contrast Mode
             | to replace the site's colors with their own choices, etc.).
             | 
             | > Clearly for some things (e.g. Maps) that are inherently
             | visual this isn't possible
             | 
             | The first interactive online maps were static images with
             | North, South, East, West arrows (links) to load the next
             | image; having to load the whole web page again for the next
             | part of the map is not nearly as nice as loading image
             | tiles dynamically but it does work. Dyanamic tile loading
             | also doesn't have to be done only by cursor or touch, you
             | can still have on-screen arrows that can be tapped or
             | keyboard operated to load more tiles (plus loading tiles
             | based on keyboard arrow keys, WASD, etc. while the map is
             | focused).
        
         | Shivetya wrote:
         | I don't see how all sites can comply nor do I think they
         | should. However this really begs additional legislation to
         | clarify the issue.
         | 
         | What we need to identify is essential goods and services and
         | any retailer offering such needs to provide reasonable
         | accommodation if the method of the offering makes it feasible.
         | The issue with some handicaps is that within each there are
         | levels of impact. So that needs to be considered.
         | 
         | With regards to the statement earlier where I think not all
         | should be required I am just having mental block in
         | understanding how would I communicate to a blind person a site
         | like ebay where users put up goods and the vast majority rely
         | on visual cues. Now the ordering and payment functions surely
         | can be adopted but when you have user driven content what is a
         | vendor to do?
         | 
         | So, back again to legislation so that the courts don't much it
         | up so much it becomes a paradise for predatory lawyers.
        
         | TheCoelacanth wrote:
         | I disagree. Getting to a basic level of accessibility (e.g.
         | WCAG AA) is incredibly easy. Any public accommodation can
         | easily afford it.
         | 
         | A blog is not a public accommodation, so it does not have any
         | accessibility requirement.
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | I've been doing more accessible work and it's a mess. Like oh
         | you NEED to use JavaScript to make a pure css drop down menu
         | accessible.
         | 
         | Instead of putting the burden on web devs to create hacks
         | around screen readers, how about the consumption software get
         | better? There's no reason it can't detect a :hover and treat
         | that as a JavaScript event flipping an aria tag.
        
           | extra88 wrote:
           | If you can display something on :hover, you can also display
           | it on :focus (and/or :focus-within). Pure CSS dropdown is
           | more of an issue for touchscreen use; touchscreen-only users
           | are not limited to smaller mobile devices.
           | 
           | Please don't make a megamenu using CSS alone; for any
           | keyboard-only user, sighted or blind, that's too many links
           | to Tab through.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Don't the principles of progressive enhancement solve this?
           | Build your site so that it can be used without js, etc and
           | enhance features when you can detect the user is capable.
           | 
           | Any type of menu should be able to display without scripting.
        
             | dawnerd wrote:
             | That's exactly why I like using pure css when I can. Using
             | JavaScript just to support aria tags is really backwards
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | That's a massive hack that also won't work on mobile. Don't
           | try and make real websites with real consequences if they
           | fail like that. Either write websites that don't have the
           | pretense of being fancy and don't use javascript (ie, your
           | menu is just an always visible list of links) or use some
           | javascript.
           | 
           | Edit: I regret how rude this comment is.
        
             | dawnerd wrote:
             | Mobile has a flat menu, but thanks for assuming?
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Please don't respond with swipes, even if another comment
               | was provocative or you feel it was. There's good
               | information in your comments, but curious conversation
               | (which is the goal here) also depends on how people
               | conduct themselves.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Can you please argue a little more respectfully? Comments
             | like this and leading with "Wrong"
             | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26762908) have sharp
             | elbows and evoke worse from others. There's good
             | information in your comments, but curious conversation
             | (which is the goal here) also depends on how people conduct
             | themselves.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | I apologize, thanks for correcting me.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Appreciated!
        
               | kiwijamo wrote:
               | It was a blunt comment but I did not find it
               | disrespectful. Sometimes it is necessary not to beat
               | around the bush as non-disabled people tend to do when
               | dealing with topics to do with disability or
               | accessibility.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | > I suspect the Domino's ruling will be the winning one, but I
         | don't know where that line gets drawn.
         | 
         | I'm not so sure. Keep in mind that ADA doesn't require that you
         | provide everyone with the exact same way to do everything. For
         | example, a taxi company doesn't have to equip every cab so that
         | it can handle every disability that might be encountered. It is
         | OK for them to only have part of their fleet equipped for
         | various disabilities, and dispatch those when someone needs
         | one.
         | 
         | With Domino's case, you have a lot of variations the customer
         | has to choose from, and a lot of information that is on the
         | website that would be slow and inconvenient to deal with by
         | phone. Nutritional information, for example. It would be quite
         | the hassle (for both the customer and the person at Domino's)
         | to get nutritional information for all the options a customer
         | might be interested in. I've spent 20 minutes at times fiddling
         | with the build-your-own options checking out nutritional trade
         | offs--that could have taken hours on the phone!
         | 
         | Domino's also usually has a ton of coupons available and a
         | bunch of different specials. Dealing with all those over the
         | phone would also take a lot of time.
         | 
         | Compare to a prescription refill at a pharmacy. There generally
         | all you need to do is communicate your prescription number to
         | the pharmacy. A phone refill consists of calling and when they
         | answer saying "I need to refill prescription #NNNNNNNN".
         | 
         | I think it is quite possible that courts will ultimately agree
         | that for ordering a prescription refill, at least at a pharmacy
         | that hasn't gone overboard with coupons and deals, providing
         | phone ordering is sufficient accommodation for blind people but
         | for ordering pizza at a place with a large menu that has a lot
         | of customization options phone ordering is insufficient
         | accommodation.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Are people that are ordering pizzas from Dominio's really
           | spending time deciding what toppings they want based on
           | nutritional values provided by Dominio's? I would be shocked
           | that 1 person decided against the pepperoni based on
           | nutritional values.
        
           | threatofrain wrote:
           | Any store with a combinatorial explosion would probably have
           | a hard time creating any serial interface. The phone is such
           | an interface, but in some ways it's also the best because
           | it's one that comes with a human.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Ordering a pizza usually isn't that complicated. I don't
           | think my local place even has online ordering. I have a paper
           | menu at home. I decide what I want, call them, and then I
           | pick it up.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | Absolutely every online pizza ordering system I've ever
             | used has been more complicated and taken longer than the
             | tried-and-true phone call system. Online menus are great.
             | Online ordering is awful.
        
               | kiwijamo wrote:
               | I love online ordering. I am exposed to the full options
               | for customising a pizza so I can add and drop ingredients
               | easily. I can also experiment with what coupons give me
               | the better deal for the set of pizza I'm ordering. These
               | two things are awkward when ordering in person or online.
               | Also useful when you are collecting orders from several
               | people. You can just add each persons order to the online
               | cart without having to write it down and then repeat it
               | all over again on the phone.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Bit of a tangent, but is this how refills work? I thought you
           | called your _doctor_ , and they call or transmit the refill
           | authorization to your pharmacy. I don't take any prescription
           | meds that ever need refills so maybe I'm wrong on this? Seems
           | weird that I would be able to just go to the Winn-Dixie
           | website and say "I need a refill on my OxyContin"
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | When a doctor prescribes medication, they have the option
             | to include a certain number of refills with the original
             | prescription. This may not apply to all medications, but I
             | don't know the technical details.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | You obtain your initial prescription from your doctor. It
             | used to be that the doctor gave you this on paper, and you
             | took it to a pharmacy to fill. Nowadays most doctors ask
             | you what pharmacy you use and are able to transmit the
             | prescription electronically to the pharmacy.
             | 
             | If this is expected to be an ongoing prescription,
             | typically the doctor will authorize N refills. The pharmacy
             | can fill those refills with no further interaction with the
             | doctor.
             | 
             | Many even automate this. The pharmacy I use for most
             | prescriptions send me a text message when I should be near
             | running out, and I just have to text back "yes" to refill
             | it.
             | 
             | When you are out of refills, the doctor has to authorize
             | continuing the prescription. Most pharmacies will handle
             | that for you. You ask the pharmacy for a refill, they tell
             | you that none are left, and that they will contact your
             | doctor on the next business day.
             | 
             | In older times that was usually by fax or even by making a
             | voice call to the doctor's office, but nowadays I think it
             | is mostly via some sort of computerized system.
             | 
             | It's not actually your doctor that has to authorize
             | additional refills or reissue a new prescription. It is
             | often a "physician's assistant" at your doctor's office
             | that handles this, especially when it is just renewing an
             | ongoing prescription. There are also some kinds of nurses
             | that can processes refills (there are something like 20
             | different kinds of specialized nurses--I forget which ones
             | can processes prescription refills).
             | 
             | From the patient's point of view, then, it looks like this:
             | 
             | 1. You get a prescription for some ongoing condition from
             | your doctor,
             | 
             | 2. When you need a refill, you ask your pharmacy.
             | 
             | 3. Every so often there is a day or two delay in filling a
             | refill because the pharmacy has to get your doctor's office
             | to renew the prescription.
        
       | jdavis703 wrote:
       | If your service is still online-only (say you're an e-commerce
       | retailer), then it seems one still has to make the site
       | accessible.
       | 
       | > And while filling a prescription in person might not be as
       | private or convenient as placing an order online, the judges
       | argued that it was good enough to satisfy the ADA.
        
       | w-j-w wrote:
       | I wonder if this will go to the Supreme Court? Given that
       | different appeals courts disagree on the issue, it seems likely
       | to me.
        
         | tareqak wrote:
         | From the last paragraph of the article
         | 
         | > The Supreme Court reviews only a fraction of the rulings made
         | by lower courts. However, the high court uses circuit splits as
         | an important signal of which cases are worth taking. So the
         | fact that the Ninth and Eleventh Circuit disagree makes it
         | somewhat more likely that the high court will intervene.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | And there have been some other cases too in addition to the
         | circuit conflict. For example, the DOJ told Berkeley it
         | couldn't have videos online that weren't closed captioned.
         | https://www.adatitleiii.com/2017/03/uc-berkley-to-remove-mor...
        
         | racingmars wrote:
         | We may eventually get there, but I think the article presenting
         | this ruling as furthering a split-circuit situation is
         | overplaying it. The ruling itself specifically addresses the
         | 9th Circuit Dominoes ruling, and how the facts of the case are
         | different. They don't see it as being in conflict, and they
         | didn't say that they wouldn't have ruled the same was as the
         | 9th Circuit if the facts were more similiar -- that is, if the
         | web site functionality in question was much more critical to
         | the core business (e.g. the way the vast majority of people
         | order pizza from Dominoes).
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | This is the right decision. Otherwise we'll end up with Berkeley-
       | style results where things are removed from websites because they
       | aren't accessible enough.
       | 
       | If this was primarily a delivery service (think Instacart), I
       | would probably be on the other side of this. But it's clear that
       | these are physical stores, and the online refilling is clearly a
       | minor enhancement that only saves a little time.
        
       | sevencolors wrote:
       | I wish the government would make some guidelines on what
       | accessibility means for websites. And what types of service need
       | it.
       | 
       | Some of my past clients that have a marketing website for their
       | physical store. But now they are getting emails from scummy
       | lawyers trying to extort money from them for failing to be ADA
       | compliant.
       | 
       | The changes are trivial for me but many people are forced to pay
       | these lawyers to have someone "fix" the problem for them.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | IANAL but I would be surprised if a marketing website really
         | fell under the ADA. It would be like saying a billboard or
         | newspaper ad also had to be distributed in braille.
         | 
         | If the website provides an actual service or business
         | transaction capability to the public, I think that is where the
         | ADA starts to apply.
        
           | extra88 wrote:
           | > billboard or newspaper ad also had to be distributed in
           | braille.
           | 
           | The law doesn't require fundamentally altering a product and
           | it doesn't require unreasonable accommodations. The
           | difference between an accessible and inaccessible website in
           | terms of cost and effort, especially when set as an up-front
           | expectation, is much smaller.
           | 
           | A marketing website exists to serve some purpose, what
           | purpose could there be that would only be relevant to people
           | who don't have disabilities? That doesn't mean everything on
           | a site has to be accessible to everyone, there can be
           | inaccessible "fluff" meant to make customers feel good about
           | a brand while still allowing all users perform the important
           | tasks like reading information about upcoming sales, details
           | about products, contact information, etc. No one's going to
           | sue over a glamour shot having bad or not alt text.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Not holding my breath on this. The new White House website has
         | been lauded by accessibility professionals for having
         | accessibility features -- but when I took a look I immediately
         | saw that their high contrast mode actually creates contrast
         | issues (when filling in a form, the red error text is very
         | difficult to read on a black background), even for fully-
         | sighted users.
         | 
         | It's also bizarre that they refer to this mode as a high-
         | contrast mode, since overall it doesn't really offer higher
         | contrast ratios; it's really much more of a night mode (as the
         | icon seems to indicate).
         | 
         | Also, their Accessibility Statement only lists phone numbers
         | for how to give feedback. When you call one of those numbers,
         | they ask if you want to leave a message for the President. When
         | you tell them why you're calling, they tell you to use the
         | general feedback form on the White House website (which is not
         | mentioned/linked on the Accessibility Statement page. The last
         | thing you want to do when collecting accessibility feedback is
         | put a convoluted path like this in front of the user. Nearly
         | everyone will just give up.
         | 
         | TLDR: the government can't even get this right on its own
         | websites.
        
           | Rule35 wrote:
           | Leave a message for the president explaining that his
           | website's instructions are broken (and that it's literally
           | easier to contact him than a webmaster).
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | I don't get this part: _" uncomfortable because he did not know
       | who else was nearby listening" as he told the pharmacist his
       | order._
       | 
       | I've never once told a pharmacist my order. I walk up to the
       | drop-off, hand them my prescriptions, and walk away. You don't
       | even have to say "hello" if you don't want to. When it's ready
       | they tell you the total and hand you a bag with your medicine in
       | it.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | That's true for dropping off prescriptions, but for pickup it's
         | more complicated. First, a blind customer would want to confirm
         | that he's getting the right medication, since he wouldn't be
         | able to read the label or receipt. Also, blind customers are
         | more likely to want the pharmacist to give oral instructions,
         | for the same reason. This could be sensitive if others are
         | nearby, since it's revealing private medical condition.
        
           | Causality1 wrote:
           | How would making the website more accessible have any impact
           | on those things?
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | If the app/website can provide this information, the
             | customer can listen to it in the privacy of his own home,
             | instead of requiring him to ask in the store. Though I
             | suppose he could also call the pharmacy and ask for the
             | info. This isn't as convenient though (I'm often on hold
             | for long periods when I call my pharmacy).
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | I might be alone in this opinion, but it seems the abandoned
       | Semantic Web would have helped here had we all adopted it.
       | 
       | Commoditized API stories such as "order groceries" or "refill
       | prescription" or "book a flight" would have a semantic level
       | interaction instead of pixel one. Your user agent could act on
       | your behalf through that API.
       | 
       | With that in place, flashy UI sites can be built on top of the
       | same API and kill several avians with one rock.
        
       | at_a_remove wrote:
       | Many years ago, I spent a lot of time in the doghouse during a
       | major redesign overhall. I had no say over the design, but the
       | HTML and CSS were up to me. I took as much care as I could to
       | work on accessibility, despite all of the "hurry hurry hurry."
       | The guidelines then were not especially helpful, but what made
       | things particularly difficult was that I could get _zero_ access
       | to any of the popular screen-readers.
       | 
       | I like to think I did alright, and I was eventually told by the
       | various disability groups that I did ... but I really, really
       | think not having various screen-readers to test against was
       | something of a handicap of its own.
        
         | iudqnolq wrote:
         | This is now a little better. One of the major screen readers is
         | open source (NVDA, it's written in python and on GitHub), and
         | there's a super basic one Google built for chrome you can
         | easily try out.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | If the website is usable in lynx/links/w3m etc. then it is
         | probably adequate as far as accessibility is concerned. Or so
         | I've been told.
        
           | ghusbands wrote:
           | That's not really accurate, as screen readers read the page
           | that's present in the modern browser (IE, Chrome, Firefox),
           | including whatever has been done with JS (mostly), so even if
           | the initial page is fine, your progressive enhancements may
           | yet make things inaccessible.
           | 
           | A very common problem is assuming mouse-only input for
           | buttons or menus, making them not work from the keyboard use.
        
         | neon_electro wrote:
         | If you have a Mac, you should be able to use Voiceover:
         | https://support.apple.com/guide/voiceover/welcome/mac
        
         | extra88 wrote:
         | Thank you for being a conscientious practitioner of your craft.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | The point of having accessibility standards is that if you
         | follow them, you won't need a screen reader to test them out.
         | 
         | That this approach doesn't work is a sign that various vendors
         | (including those who write screen readers) don't value those
         | standards.
         | 
         | I once worked for a nonprofit group that advocated for blind
         | people - they were involved with the standards. This was a
         | frequent complaint: Google/Mozilla were sometimes the problem
         | as they felt some of the pretty good proposals would hamper the
         | evolution of the web, etc.
        
           | daveFNbuck wrote:
           | It's hard to know whether you've followed the standard
           | correctly if you can't verify the output.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > It's hard to know whether you've followed the standard
             | correctly if you can't verify the output.
             | 
             | Being able to verify certainly makes it _easier_ , but a
             | standard like "Ensure all images have alt-text" does not
             | require a screen reader to verify.
             | 
             | And the thing with standards is that often no existing
             | product (screen readers in this case) will fully comply
             | with the standard - so if a given screen reader fails on
             | your site, it may well not be your site's problem. This was
             | (and perhaps still is) the case with Web standards in
             | general. In the old days, there was usually not a single
             | web browser that was fully compliant.
        
               | zamadatix wrote:
               | Your reasoning for why one shouldn't want to test with
               | screen readers seems more like reasoning one should want
               | to. The more divergence from standards the more you want
               | to validate it works as desired not the other way around.
        
           | extra88 wrote:
           | I don't know how many additions are needed to standards but
           | I'd like to see better support of the standards we have. It's
           | way too common for browsers to implement standards wrong when
           | building the accessibility tree. Also, there's so much of
           | existing standards that are not supported by assistive
           | technologies. I don't mean newer ARIA attributes, I'm talking
           | about HTML4 (or older). Examples:
           | 
           | 1. There's hardly any support by screen readers of the
           | `headers` attribute on table cells, to associate the correct
           | row and column headers.
           | 
           | 2. Dragon NaturallySpeaking has provided voice control of
           | computers, including web browsing, for quite a while but it
           | still can't identify an implicit form input label (that is,
           | <label>Name <input name="name"></label> rather than explicit
           | <label for="name">Name</label> <input name="name"
           | id="name">).
        
         | gostsamo wrote:
         | Currently the situation with screen readers is a bit better:
         | 
         | * linux: orca, free and open source
         | 
         | * windows: nvda (free and open source), narrator (builtin,
         | free)
         | 
         | * mac: voice over (builtin, free)
        
       | [deleted]
        
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