[HN Gopher] A skeptic's take on Neuralink and other consumer neu...
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       A skeptic's take on Neuralink and other consumer neurotech
        
       Author : hhs
       Score  : 44 points
       Date   : 2021-04-08 15:17 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.statnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.statnews.com)
        
       | ctdonath wrote:
       | Overwrought criticism. Yes, we're at that wildly imaginative
       | stage where a small & hard step down a long road of undeveloped
       | technology gives rise to hopes of what the end of that decades-
       | hence goal will achieve. That doesn't mean we shouldn't try, and
       | doesn't mean we'll give up tablets for brain implants next year.
       | Yes those leading the way give impassioned speeches about what
       | might come of their work - that's ok, really.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | The article doesn't at all suggest we shouldn't try, and
         | explicitly points out that there will likely be a lot of
         | benefits to science and neurosurgery due to this influx in
         | funding.
         | 
         | The point is to remind us that all of the hype around this is
         | just that: hype.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | What Musk is pedaling is pure science function. [1] Eventually
       | all of this will catch up with him and he will fall very hard.
       | 
       | [1] https://youtu.be/BvmA_gQ-95c
        
         | chrisweekly wrote:
         | "science function" - maybe a freudian slip, vs "science
         | fiction"?
         | 
         | (and it's "peddling" as in "selling", not "pedaling" like
         | riding a bike)
        
           | devindotcom wrote:
           | "science function" is actually pretty great.
        
             | chrisweekly wrote:
             | agreed! I enjoyed the comment on a couple levels :)
        
         | JoshCole wrote:
         | Notice, for the first few minutes of that video, it shows a
         | mounting degree of credibility on the part of Nueralink as PhDs
         | with expertise on relevant topics are noted, but then quite
         | abruptly the tone shifts and it plays a comedy sketch [1]. Why?
         | Apply common sense and skepticism to that question and you will
         | be enlightened. I'll give you a hint: common sense does not
         | indicate, like the YouTube channel implies, that the richest
         | person in the world gets there by providing absolutely no value
         | to the rooms he enters. In order to have that implication a
         | resort to a different rhetorical technique than that of reason
         | is necessary. The creator of the video understood this and
         | employed such a technique.
         | 
         | The video tries to argue that Elon Musk is trying to steal
         | credit for founding the company [2]. He doesn't actually quote
         | Elon Musk when he accuses him of stealing credit. Why does he
         | circle text on Wikipedia rather than quote Elon Musk? If you go
         | to the Wikipedia article and check the citations for that claim
         | you will discover Elon Musk does not state the thing which the
         | liar in the video states that he claims. Why does he lie about
         | what Elon Musk actually said? Apply common sense and skepticism
         | to that question and you will be enlightened. I'll give you a
         | hint: he is working backward from a narrative, not forward from
         | the facts.
         | 
         | Alternatively, want to do a long bet for $10k that in 10 years
         | Musk will still be a millionaire despite the contents of the
         | video you linked? Void of bet in the event that some other
         | cause leads to misfortune.
         | 
         | [1]: https://youtu.be/BvmA_gQ-95c?t=155 [2]:
         | https://youtu.be/BvmA_gQ-95c?t=185
        
       | ALittleLight wrote:
       | "Consumers have shown time and again that they are reluctant to
       | adopt products that look funny (ahem, Google Glass)."
       | 
       | I think this is misreading Google Glass. People didn't like or
       | want to use Google Glass because there was no "killer app" for
       | them. There was no useful app for Glass at all so far as I am
       | aware. Had Google Glass enabled something new and useful people
       | would have worn it regardless of how different it looked, and
       | because people found use in wearing it we would get used to it.
       | 
       | Headphones are an example of this. Headphones would probably look
       | goofy if you weren't used to seeing them. People wear headphones
       | anyway because headphones deliver something useful to the wearer
       | - private audio.
       | 
       | If I had to wear a silly hat, but in exchange could carry around
       | a meaningful brain-computer interface, I absolutely would, and,
       | assuming "meaningful" in a broad sense, I'm certain huge numbers
       | of people would as well.
       | 
       | Right now people are struggling to make the tech work at all.
       | Worrying about the form factor with which it will be delivered is
       | premature - it can't really do anything yet. Once it's useful it
       | will need a good form factor, but the use will drive adoption,
       | not the other way around.
        
         | skissane wrote:
         | > I think this is misreading Google Glass. People didn't like
         | or want to use Google Glass because there was no "killer app"
         | for them
         | 
         | I think the other reason why people didn't want to adopt Google
         | Glass, is the stories about other people objecting to people
         | wearing them-primarily because of privacy concerns, that the
         | devices were capable of recording video, and that while a phone
         | camera can record video too, it is somewhat more obvious if
         | someone is doing it with a phone camera than with Google Glass.
         | If a product is going to be a social hassle, if other people
         | and businesses are going to object to your use of it, a lot of
         | people will decide the negative social consequences aren't
         | worth it.
         | 
         | Something like Google Glass specifically targeted to people
         | with disabilities would be more acceptable, because someone
         | using it can always say that it is for their disability, at
         | which point most people would be more forgiving, plus if any
         | business tries to ban it they run the legal and PR risk of
         | being accused of disability discrimination.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | VR glasses also. I love the Quest despite it being half a kilo
         | and barely staying put witout holding it.
         | 
         | People have shown time and again they will adopt something they
         | love, no matter how grotesquely bulky, like brick cellphones
        
         | pharke wrote:
         | Exactly, glasses are an even better example. They give you
         | superior vision compared to what you would have naturally so
         | almost everyone who needs them puts up with wearing them and
         | they have even become a fashion trend in themselves by being so
         | omnipresent. If I could have a pair of glasses for my brain
         | that correct for any natural deficiencies then I'd wear the
         | heck out of them, appearances be damned.
        
         | Hydraulix989 wrote:
         | I'm sure the Apple Brain Implant will look "cool" and be highly
         | sought after just like their other seemingly-odd gadgets did at
         | the time of their inception (what is this "iPhone" thing?).
        
       | devindotcom wrote:
       | Take Musk's talk about BCIs the way you take his talk about Mars
       | colonies. But my guess is we'll have the latter before the former
       | is common.
       | 
       | There will be some interesting BCI tech in the next few years but
       | as the author notes, it's going to be very specific and limited,
       | and probably quite expensive.
        
       | savant_penguin wrote:
       | Who cares, I've seen the pig movement prediction and found it
       | really cool
       | 
       | >> Would I invest my money in it?
       | 
       | Hell no
       | 
       | >> Would I have neurosurgery for no good reason?
       | 
       | Hell no*10
       | 
       | To me this is clearly a longshot product, but I'm very happy that
       | some private citizen is willing to invest his own money into
       | this. If someone stumbles on how to transform thoughts into
       | movement signals or how to encode digital images into optic nerve
       | signals I'm all for it
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | > I doubt we will have accurate, mind-reading consumer devices in
       | the near future
       | 
       | I'm not sure Neuralink would disagree. Their first applications
       | are medical, not consumer mind-reading. They're open about their
       | bigger vision being farther away.
       | 
       | > Neuroscience is far from understanding how the mind works --
       | much less having the ability to decode it.
       | 
       | We don't necessarily have to understand everything about the
       | brain to communicate with it. And we'll learn a lot in the
       | process.
       | 
       | > a neurotech device would have to add significant value for a
       | consumer to get one implanted in her skull.
       | 
       | Again, I don't think Neuralink would disagree. I guess the
       | disagreement is in whether an implant could provide that
       | significant value. And nobody really knows yet, of course. A lot
       | depends on how well the brain can adapt to a new form of I/O.
       | 
       | > Consumer brain-recording devices have been on the market for
       | roughly 15 years
       | 
       | Yeah but the technology is totally different and quite lame
       | honestly. Existing devices have fundamental limitations that are
       | not shared by an actual brain implant. Not a strong argument IMO.
       | 
       | > Helmets and other headgear face an uphill battle to adoption
       | 
       | The external hardware for an implant can get pretty small. Much
       | less obtrusive than the given example of Google Glass.
       | 
       | > It may be more taxing to control a device with a BCI than
       | without it
       | 
       | Pure speculation at this point.
       | 
       | Honestly it is wise to be skeptical. But mostly I am skeptical of
       | the timeline, not the eventual usefulness of the product.
       | Neuralink is likely too early, but one day useful consumer brain
       | implants _will_ be possible.
        
         | dumbfoundded wrote:
         | It's so far out in the future that numerous other advances may
         | make the entirety of the approach useless.
         | 
         | For example, maybe computers get so smart our need to interact
         | with them diminishes and we interact with them rather
         | passively.
         | 
         | Maybe the opposite happens and we need even tighter coupling
         | leading to a genetic engineering solution or a nanobot pill
         | solution that crosses the blood brain barrier.
         | 
         | The problem is everything is pure speculation at this point. I
         | do hope they accomplish some of their goals but any business
         | potential seems a total guess.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | anonymouse008 wrote:
       | Man, I've spent too much time in this space... I can only sum it
       | up like this -
       | 
       | The mind is _not_ a joystick.
       | 
       | Throughput is not the measurement of a good BCI.
       | 
       | BCI as a term should be abolished.
       | 
       | Someone is going to make something so seemingly simple, but
       | unbelievably meaningful, to rule this space.
        
         | offtop5 wrote:
         | Hypothetically, if I can hire a PhD candidate and give him a
         | million bucks to tweak the sensors for my brain specifically.
         | Could he or she then make this like a joystick. Is the issue
         | that there's so much variation between people.
        
           | anonymouse008 wrote:
           | That's more of a profession of faith in what a 'good' BCI
           | will be, than a critique of the science --
           | 
           | There are many ways to get high fidelity 'joystick' level
           | control out of a brain, especially if given one-on-one
           | training.
           | 
           | The problems for Neuralink will be the same with any implant
           | - immune responses and infections - and in a sensitive area
           | no less.
        
             | offtop5 wrote:
             | No way in hell I'm letting anyone stick something in my
             | brain, I thought there was a wireless way to do this. In a
             | very dystopian way I could imagine shopping centers
             | scanning the brain waves potential customers and taloring
             | ads to them
        
               | mattkrause wrote:
               | Neurosurgeons live in a very weird bubble around elective
               | surgery.
               | 
               | I was at a conference where people were debating the
               | merits of non-invasive vs. invasive neural interfaces. A
               | surgeon argued that people would _obviously_ never accept
               | non-invasive ones...ON COSMETIC GROUNDS: EEG caps (and
               | similar) look dorky.
               | 
               | Many people do go to great pains to hide disabilities,
               | but I was (and still am) really skeptical that this
               | totally trumps fears around highly-invasive neurosurgery!
        
       | georgewfraser wrote:
       | I did my PhD in this field, I love that Neuralink is doing what
       | they're doing, but I also agree with this article. Your hands on
       | a keyboard is a _fantastic_ brain computer interface and
       | represent a high bar that an implanted BCI must clear to add
       | value for non-paralyzed people.
        
       | lukeinator42 wrote:
       | Even though "neuroscience is far from understanding how the mind
       | works" companies like muse have already brought EEG headsets to
       | market for use cases such as meditation. If neurotech focuses in
       | on use cases where we can already decode useful information from
       | the brain that can't be accessed by other methods, I think there
       | is a huge potential market waiting to be tapped.
       | 
       | Being skeptical about the accuracy of these
       | technologies/feasibility of surgery is valid, but this article
       | reads as pretty cynical rather than just skeptical, haha.
        
       | marc__1 wrote:
       | "It takes 20 years to become an overnight success." - Eddie
       | Cantor
       | 
       | SpaceX took nearly fifteen years to become the beast it is and
       | Tesla took eight to increase deliveries from 2,600 to 500,000.
       | Don't underestimate what these companies achieve in the long-term
       | and we are always terrible to predict exponential growth (from
       | pandemics, to EV, to space flights)
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/science/spacex-
       | falc...
       | 
       | [2]https://www.statista.com/chart/8547/teslas-vehicle-
       | deliverie...
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | Compared to rocket technology, neural tech is still not even in
         | the V-2 stage though.
        
         | dumbfoundded wrote:
         | I think the difference is tackling a pre-existing market. Both
         | cars and space had large existing markets to which Elon could
         | speed up the rate of progress.
         | 
         | There isn't really a market for BCI except for cases of
         | disability. In this case, he has to create the customer demand
         | for a technology that doesn't exist. That's a really tough sell
         | when even if it did work (which is very much in doubt), would
         | require a literal brain surgery. This isn't like scaling up a
         | factory or using modern compute to get a rocket to land itself.
         | It's fundamental research with uncertainties on perhaps every
         | angle.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | I would seriously consider getting it depending on the
           | bandwidth. Direct access to web search and an indexed storage
           | system would be having a super power.
           | 
           | Plenty of people get Lasik just to avoid the annoyance of
           | contacts/glasses and eyes are technically part of the brain.
           | Why wouldn't there be a market for BCI when the potential
           | benefit is much greater?
        
             | dumbfoundded wrote:
             | The best answer I can give you is that we don't know it's
             | too early to speculate. Maybe HCI get so good that the
             | actual BCI part adds little value. Like a contact lens and
             | an ear piece may accomplish just as much.
             | 
             | Maybe machines in the future just won't need that much
             | specification. Like we'll give high level goals to
             | robots/computer and interaction will be much more passive.
             | You'll just tell a program to do your taxes or tell a robot
             | to clean the house and it'll get done.
             | 
             | It's possible that we can accomplish most of the benefits
             | of BCI without the brain surgery part. By the time this
             | technology is ready, you may be able to take nano-bot pills
             | once a month and to uninstall, you just stop taking them.
             | Or maybe we'll genetically engineer babies to be born with
             | them.
             | 
             | It's so early that all we can do right now is speculate and
             | there's a lot of reason to believe this one particular
             | company won't succeed.
        
             | platz wrote:
             | Do you really randomly poking some electrodes into your
             | brain tissue is going to give you enough fidelity to query
             | google. That's all it is, you know. Some wires, randomly
             | placed in tissue. The cells around those wires don't know
             | the TCP/IP protocol or anything
        
               | flixic wrote:
               | And chips are just some metal and sand, yet we figured
               | out a way to turn them into something very useful. After
               | all, our brains themselves are just "some wires".
        
               | platz wrote:
               | And theres a big difference between between a completely
               | controlled environment like a chip and an uncontrolled
               | environment relative to engineering like a brain.
               | 
               | I think your missing the point about what I'm
               | highlighting needs to happen after the wires are inserted
               | into some otherwise unsuspecting tissue that isn't
               | specially adapted for this use case in any particular
               | way.
        
         | glsdfgkjsklfj wrote:
         | spaceX have been getting millions on funding every year since
         | being announced.
         | 
         | just like neuralink.
         | 
         | the huge difference is that spaceX problem was extremely easily
         | to solve by throwing money (6.5B usd) at it. Neuralink, not so
         | much. That's why they spend much more on marketing with
         | neuralink as they did with spaceX... there's no much else to do
         | with the pile.
        
       | type0 wrote:
       | > "Should we be worried that companies like Facebook, Neuralink,
       | Kernel, and others -- helmed by individuals who have previously
       | launched paradigm-shifting technology -- are working on capturing
       | data from our brains?"
       | 
       | Who would be dumb enough to implant something from facebook into
       | their brain?!
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | billions of people use the facebook's current BCI interface
         | projecting from their phones to their retinas
        
       | dadrock wrote:
       | >I doubt we will have accurate, mind-reading consumer devices in
       | the near future
       | 
       | So what? Stop trying? Give up? What's the point of this
       | statement? Why is the timeline you personally find realistic
       | relevant to anyone else but you?
       | 
       | I just don't get this attitude. It's such a sour grapes type of
       | attitude. Either help out, or get out.
        
         | devindotcom wrote:
         | >Either help out, or get out.
         | 
         | Leaving aside that this person was probably in this field
         | before Neuralink and the others, in matters such as these,
         | offering an expert opinion on a market filled with snake oil
         | certainly _is_ helping out. Otherwise we rely on people whose
         | first priority is not truth but profit.
         | 
         | >So what? Stop trying? Give up?
         | 
         | Her suggestion is to exercise skepticism and be realistic about
         | what the actual applications and markets are.
        
           | qaq wrote:
           | "Leaving aside that this person was probably in this field
           | before Neuralink and the others" Neuralink founding members:
           | Max Hodak previously worked on the development of brain-
           | computer interfaces at Duke University.
           | 
           | Matthew MacDougall, Head of Neurosurgery at Neuralink and
           | neurosurgeon at California Pacific Medical Center. He was
           | previously working at Stanford where he worked in labs that
           | implemented and designed brain-computer interfaces.
           | 
           | Vanessa Tolosa, Director of Neural Interfaces. She previously
           | led a neurotechnology team at the Lawrence Livermore National
           | Laboratory that worked with a wide variety of technology on
           | technology prostheses that were used in clinical and academic
           | settings.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Speaking of Hodak, Transcriptic appears to have been
             | allowed to wither on the vine.
        
         | mattkrause wrote:
         | No--but no one is saying that! Instead, we could dial back on
         | the hype, put our heads down, and get to work.
         | 
         | I work in this field and I have such strong, mixed feelings
         | about companies like these. On the one hand, more interest in
         | the brain and neurotech is great. These are tough problems, and
         | we need new ideas, new tools, and new approaches. The standard
         | academic approach of throwing a few trainees at a problem for a
         | few years each (mostly in isolation), might not be the best way
         | to tackle a problem that ranges from biophysics to psychology
         | (and everything in between: materials science, signal
         | processing, etc).
         | 
         | On the other hand, I worry that excessive hype is going to blow
         | the field up before it gets started. If Elon Musk says he can
         | implant 3000 electrodes that will let you control your iPhone--
         | by next year--why would anyone fund me to do the slower,
         | slogging work that I think will be required to _eventually_
         | make something like that possible? This isn 't just a critique
         | of industry; the same brand of hucksterism shows up in parts of
         | academia too. Throwing cold water on people's hopes and dreams
         | isn't fun, but I think it's important for the long-term health
         | of neuroscience as a field.
         | 
         | Shorter term, companies should also think about who they're
         | attracting with this hype. I'm on the job market (in a very
         | low-key way), and one of my principle requirements is that I
         | want to work somewhere that is serious about the science: I
         | want to build something that will actually work, instead of
         | burning a pile of VC cash chasing hype or, God forbid,
         | Theranos. Many of my colleagues feel the same way.
        
         | neolog wrote:
         | > Why is the timeline you personally find realistic relevant to
         | anyone else but you?
         | 
         | I don't get this attitude. The author is an expert. Can't we
         | learn from her?
        
         | perardi wrote:
         | _I just don 't get this attitude. It's such a sour grapes type
         | of attitude. Either help out, or get out._
         | 
         | It's called "skepticism". You read enough history, you realize
         | the charlatans greatly outnumber the geniuses, and you do your
         | due-diligence before you invest, or form some weird cult.
        
           | cblconfederate wrote:
           | She's not a skeptic on the value of the technology however ,
           | in fact she dismisses any ethical issues it poses. She 's
           | skeptical of the timeline, which is more of a business
           | statement.
        
           | tokipin wrote:
           | Some skeptics remain skeptics up until the point that they've
           | been proven blatantly and obviously wrong and people stop
           | accepting their arguments, so for some "skeptics" at least
           | it's more of a stubborn mindset backed by confirmation bias
           | or other issues disconnected from the actual subject matter,
           | rather than sound reasoning.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | If you read enough history, you realize that people who fail
           | are forgotten, but the people who mock the people who end up
           | succeeding are remembered and humiliated forever.
        
       | phcordner wrote:
       | Even discounting everything about the ethics, feasibility, state
       | of our conceptual knowledge of brain function, has anyone
       | demonstrated how a six-figure hardware suite like this
       | https://plexon.com/plexon-systems/ is going to be miniaturized
       | into a smartphone sized device mass produced for consumer
       | purchase in the timetable laid out by Neuralink?
        
       | polypodiopsidae wrote:
       | I think that these aspirations for an electrosilico (pardon my
       | neologisms) interface with the biological brain are a rather
       | outdated nostalgia of the 20th century ninetys.(Vaporwave comes
       | to mind). Intersecting just 90 sensors with the insane mass of
       | neurons... it seems rather clumsy primitive tech tbh.
       | 
       | If I was about to bet on the future I assume, that aspirations of
       | hybridisation/creolisation/amalgamation of human&machine will
       | happen on the biological register; that this development will go
       | the other way round: from semiconductors to biotechnology. E.g.
       | the brain is a fabulous architecture; damn effective and very low
       | energy consumption at the same time.
       | 
       | Wich makes me think: A substantially useful AI that can immerse
       | with neurological coginition (and not just be a fancier interface
       | that safes you from carrying a calculator around), will probably
       | need A LOT of computational power. Damn these things can't even
       | steer a hand through useful movements while im typing a way in
       | language (which is its own insane technology [1]) with quite some
       | musicality.
       | 
       | What I mean is: Let's assume you could really supply the
       | population with these interfaces and they really work. Who is
       | going to be supplied with her/his own infrastructure of
       | supercomputers running that AI that will merge with her/his
       | cognition? I don't think that it would be possible to supply even
       | a marginal amount of the population with access to these entitys.
       | So this amounts to some dream of the (misunderstood version) of
       | the Ubermensch, as a caressing of the narcissitic hurt that the
       | being of tekhne inflicts to some.
       | 
       | [1] It has been argued that language speaks. Not only do subjects
       | speak language, but language also speaks subjects. (that's spoken
       | through Heidegger). Thus there is something like a life of
       | lanugage (it makes sense to think about if it is alife). Think of
       | language as an AI.
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | Misleading. Neuralink has not shown something impressive ,
       | however it's not comparable with consumer supposedly-EEG devices,
       | but with this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate .
       | 
       | Those things are still in the basic research stage, and it's been
       | really hard to make them work properly. Neuralink is not even
       | leading in research here, but i don't think they expect to make
       | consumer grade anytime soon either. OTOH, all sorts of multiunnit
       | recordings and optogenetics stimulation is possible today - if
       | you're a mouse.
       | 
       | I wonder why consumer-grade doesnt pursue the more feasible goal
       | of reading from a motor nerve. I wish i could train myself typing
       | by thinking of finger movements.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | The biggest issue with Neuralink (for consumers) is the basic
       | problem with artificial implants and their side effects.
       | 
       | Teeth implants, knee implants they generate additional risk of
       | low level inflammation in the body over time. Even generally
       | unproblematic silicon breast implants that just hang there have
       | scar tissue and can cause immune system reactions.
       | 
       | Brain surgery is many times riskier. If Neuralink could create
       | way to circumvent all these problems it would be huge
       | breakthrough even without the BCI.
        
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