[HN Gopher] AMD and Xilinx Stockholders Overwhelmingly Approve A...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       AMD and Xilinx Stockholders Overwhelmingly Approve AMD's
       Acquisition of Xilinx
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 261 points
       Date   : 2021-04-08 02:50 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.amd.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.amd.com)
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | I just hope they won't drop any of their CPLD chips. It would be
       | a shame if only way to set up a simple logic circuits without
       | having to use 74xxx was to use FPGA.
        
         | LIV2 wrote:
         | Yep, 5V tolerant CPLDs are a wonderful thing when you're making
         | hardware for retro computers it would absolutely suck if the
         | 9500XLs get discontinued.
        
           | colejohnson66 wrote:
           | CPLDs also have the advantage of being non volatile. That can
           | make your circuit simpler as you just add a socket and use an
           | external programmer. FPGAs require external storage and more.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | Indeed, they're really neat little devices and they're also
         | dirt cheap.
        
       | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
       | One probably has more negotiating power with TSMC the bigger you
       | are, which increases pressure for companies to merge.
        
       | beezle wrote:
       | And what of China? Have they approved? Because until then, none
       | of the other stuff matters.
        
         | volkl48 wrote:
         | They're both American companies, why would China be involved in
         | this deal?
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | For the same reasons that the US approved mergers of European
           | and sometimes Chinese companies. If they have fairly major
           | operations in China then China can get involved.
           | 
           | I'm not sure if either AMD or Xilinx has sufficient
           | operations in China to justify it, though.
        
           | beezle wrote:
           | Xilinx had significant revenue in China and is a leader in
           | the FPGA market.
           | 
           | Recent China history on mergers includes failure to approve
           | the merger of Qualcomm/NXP
           | 
           | https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/26/technology/qualcomm-nxp-
           | mer...
           | 
           | "The companies had been waiting nearly two years for their
           | deal to clear global regulatory hurdles. The takeover had
           | been approved in eight other jurisdictions, including the
           | European Union and South Korea, since it was announced in
           | October 2016. China was the lone holdout. "
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | I feel deeply sorry for the AMD manager who's going to inherit
       | management of the Xilinx software stack.
        
       | timlatim wrote:
       | I wonder if we'll ever see FPGAs in consumer CPUs, given AMD's
       | expertise with chiplets and interconnects. Say, for programmable
       | specialized instructions. The relatively recently published
       | patent "Method and apparatus for efficient programmable
       | instructions in computer systems"
       | (https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2020/0409707.html) seems to
       | point that way.
        
         | thereisnospork wrote:
         | Wondering the same; from my 10,000 ft view a cpu-fpga marriage
         | seems like the kind of thing that could transform how
         | performant general purpose computing is done.
        
           | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
           | Seems doubtful. I thought that way too in the '90s but what
           | happened was that anything that was a common enough use case
           | got moved into dedicated hardware (GPU, cryptographic
           | acceleration instructions in the CPU) and anything uncommon
           | is too hard for the average developer to write the
           | Verilog/VHDL to implement.
        
           | franga2000 wrote:
           | The same was said back when AMD started making APUs (CPUs
           | with on-board GPUs) and I was similarly hopeful, but we saw
           | how that went. Most attempts at heterogeneous computing have
           | gone only as far as sticking two previously separate chips in
           | one package - no significant integration or co-operation.
           | Since FPGAs are even more different from CPUs than GPUs are,
           | even more programming effort will be needed to take advantage
           | of them, so unless AMD make some kind of revolutionary
           | framework for programming them, I fear FPGA acceleration will
           | get even lower use than GPUs do (excluding 3D work, of
           | course).
        
             | wu_187 wrote:
             | APUs have come a long way since the initial ones. AMDs own
             | are now actually decent in 1080p gaming. I built my wife a
             | gaming pc and didn't buy a dedicated gpu, just an AMD APU
             | and can play CS GO maxed out at decent fps.
        
               | TheCraiggers wrote:
               | I think we can all agree that APUs have come a ways since
               | first coming out. The poster you replied to was more
               | lamenting how the inclusion of a GPU into my CPU didn't
               | create something bigger than the sum of its parts.
               | 
               | What we have is still a CPU and a GPU. Separate.
               | Discrete. The inclusion changed nothing about what kind
               | of software we can write or problems we can solve. Back
               | when APUs were still just a slide in a powerpoint deck,
               | there was a lot of talk about how this could "change
               | everything" because of the radically different type of
               | compute you could do on a GPU.
               | 
               | The closest thing to this is the coin mining craze, but
               | everyone is gravitating towards the fastest hardware for
               | that. And that's not your APU.
        
               | franga2000 wrote:
               | Yeah, as the first sibling comment said, I was more
               | talking about the new generation of computing APUs were
               | supposed to bring us, instead we got GPUs that happen to
               | be on the same chip as the CPU. AMD's APUs are definitely
               | awesome, especially the Ryzen+Vega ones, and if they made
               | a Ryzen 7+Vega 10 chip for desktop, I'd buy it
               | immediately, but it's still just a GPU that does standard
               | GPU things - the fact that it's integrated is little more
               | than an implementation detail.
        
         | Traster wrote:
         | This is an idea that's been around forever and from a hardware
         | perspective it's super easy. The problem is finding
         | applications for this. You need to find something that is so
         | difficult that it requires atleast dozens of instructions
         | (because the FPGA isn't going to be running at the CPU clock
         | speed so it needs to be a decent chunk of work to jsutify), is
         | done often enough to dedicate silicon for (the FPGA can't be
         | dark 99.999% of the time), but not often enough that you can't
         | justify full custom implementation. Then you need to write a
         | set of custom instructions that map to this logic, and build
         | support for using these custom instructions into the compiler -
         | accounting for the fact you don't just need to dispatch data to
         | the fpga, you need to program it each time you change
         | instruction and that takes forever in CPU terms.
         | 
         | It's not impossible, it's just very difficult, impacts every
         | single part of the stack, and is very difficult to justify.
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | There's some (perhaps lots) of potential for this for in-
           | memory analytic processing (e.g. in an analytics-focused
           | DBMS).
           | 
           | Also, a specific potential use of FPGAs is for pattern
           | matching on large amounts of text/data: If you do it at all,
           | you're likely to do it often; and it can't be a custom
           | implementation since the circuit depends on the specific
           | pattern.
        
           | DougMerritt wrote:
           | Correct but at the same time that overstates things, because
           | extremely often the choice between full custom ICs versus
           | FPGA is dictated by the expected volume of product, not
           | _just_ functionality considerations.
           | 
           | It is typically simply cheaper to deploy FPGAs in released
           | products when the volume is small, while it may be cheaper to
           | use full custom when the volume is in the millions to
           | hundreds of millions, in the cases where either solution is
           | functionally workable.
           | 
           | That includes amortizing the non-recurring engineering costs
           | over the total units, which is typically higher for full
           | custom than FPGA -- although sometimes they are actually in
           | the same ballpark.
           | 
           | Aside from that you are correct; people sometimes imagine
           | that most any application can be significantly accelerated
           | with FPGAs, but even in the cases where fine-grained
           | parallelism is present to be accelerated (well-known not to
           | be the case for all application areas), the FPGA solution
           | space is decreased by the solution space where full custom
           | makes engineering and financial sense.
        
           | regularfry wrote:
           | Maybe they're targeting a different arch layer? Is there any
           | mileage in pushing that sort of tech into on-chip routing? As
           | you get more and more cores, obviously interconnect area
           | becomes more of a problem (and bus bandwidth more
           | constrained). Is there much to be gained from a compiler
           | being able to say "This next bit of code wants as much
           | uncontended bandwidth as you can muster between 5 cores and
           | L1"? That way, actually reconfiguring anything would be a
           | bunch of microcode, rather than something the compiler took
           | direct control over.
        
         | uticus wrote:
         | To add to the other responses, I believe the end goal of
         | "programmable specialized instructions" is being successfully
         | explorer by other options than FPGA, ie the Raspberry Pi Pico
         | state machines, for one example. Then there are also the hybrid
         | CPU-FPGA models (or FPGA SoC) mentioned in the other replies,
         | like the Zynq.
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | The problem for consumer devices is that FPGAs are power
         | hungry; and consumers value battery life a great deal.
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | Intel at one point tried an FPGA-in-package with a server CPU.
         | It turns out that you can't downclock/power gate parts of FPGA
         | designs nearly as easily as you can CPU components, so the
         | whole package had thermal regulation issues. You had to run the
         | CPU at a very conservative frequency in order to let the FPGA
         | use power as it needs to.
         | 
         | There are FPGA-SoCs out there that are mostly FPGA, and that
         | seems like the way to go if you want to combine FPGAs and CPUs,
         | otherwise they should probably be on separate power and heat
         | budgets.
        
       | oivaksef wrote:
       | A new FPGA company for anyone interested (well... 2012, but in
       | chip world that's kind of new) https://theamphour.com/535-efinix-
       | fpgas-with-sammy-cheung/
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | I voted "no" on this. I didn't want to see Xilinx spend years
       | working on getting acquired instead of working on new chips
       | (which happened to Altera), and I thought that the acquisition
       | price was too low given the current premium that AMD stock
       | carries.
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | Yup, I don't see how this helps Xilinx users. At best it
         | creates some shareholder value and creates opportunities for
         | advancement within each company.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | vzidex wrote:
         | >spend years working on getting acquired instead of working on
         | new chips (which happened to Altera)
         | 
         | That's interesting, can you expand on this? I'm curious what
         | could have impacted them that much (I'm a student about to
         | finish my undergrad in comp eng)
        
         | chabons wrote:
         | > [...] spend years working on getting acquired instead of
         | working on new chips (which happened to Altera) [...]
         | 
         | I'm interested in what you mean by this. I was working at
         | Altera at the time the acquisition went through, on the
         | software tools mind you, but I didn't notice a significant
         | shift in strategy. Are you referring to before or after the
         | acquisition was announced?
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | The move to the Intel foundry cost Altera a lot - I don't
           | know if it was to position themselves to be acquired or if it
           | was for some other strategy, but it was a very expensive
           | decision. Stratix 10 on TSMC may have landed at the same time
           | as Ultrascale+ from Xilinx.
           | 
           | Generally, during and after a merger, there is a lot of
           | instability in a company as layoffs in comparable departments
           | get figured out and company infrastructures get merged. I
           | assume that on the software side, you were insulated from
           | this instability since they were going to need to keep
           | developing Quartus (or its replacement) either way and Intel
           | had no equivalent.
           | 
           | I was an Altera customer before and during the merger
           | (including after it was announced). It looked from the
           | outside like sales teams and chip design teams had
           | significant amounts of instability. I personally experienced
           | months of delays getting Arria 10s (and associated FAE
           | support) from our sales team immediately after the
           | acquisition. Our new sales team from Intel (figured out 8
           | months later) was twice the size, had to push CPUs and
           | Intel's software in addition to FPGAs, and was also dealing
           | with the embarrassing situation around Stratix 10 delays.
        
       | twiddlebits wrote:
       | More consolidation leads to more wealth disparity.
        
       | Aromasin wrote:
       | Intel picked up Altera in 2015, and now AMD picks up Xilinx in
       | 2021. I'm curious to see whether AMD plans to do anything
       | significant with this aquisition, or is it just executives
       | following a path well worn?
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | My guess was the latter, given how high AMD's market cap is
         | currently. However, Xilinx/AMD have some common technology
         | requirements around 2.5d integration and 7 nm IP.
         | 
         | I was hoping for an FPGA-SoC with some Xeon cores when Intel
         | bought Altera, and now I'm hoping for one with Epyc cores.
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | Could be interesting... I may be greatly misunderstanding
       | something like Apple's M1, but I think some of its performance
       | gains are due to offloading tasks from the CPU to dedicated
       | ASICs. That's great when you know what those tasks are going to
       | be, and there's no reason to abandon that for known tasks. But if
       | AMD can put as certain amount of FPGA capacity on chips then it
       | might gain the flexibility to dynamically increase performance by
       | offloading from the CPU to purpose-configured FPGA units in the
       | field already, and gain performance that might be better than
       | running it alongside everything else on the CPU, even it it's not
       | quite at the ASIC level.
       | 
       | I fully recognize that I may be speculating out my *s here, and
       | would welcome further constructive comment even if it's just to
       | say "Um, yeah, that's not how it works".
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | The biggest problem with this concept is that while ASICs can
         | be extremely efficient, FPGAs are much less efficient than the
         | equivilent ASIC. The flexibility comes at a substantial power,
         | chip area, and speed cost. So much so that e.g. raw number
         | crunching is more efficiently done by CPUs or GPUs in almost
         | all cases. You need a particularly quirky computation before an
         | FPGA is a good accelerator. FPGAs are more naturally suited to
         | applications where ultra-low (or ultra-predictable) latency,
         | extremely high bandwidth I/O (with relatively little
         | processing), or particularly specialised DSP is required. Most
         | of these are best served with an FPGA with a CPU attached, as
         | opposed to the other way around, and the cost of the FPGA is
         | not likely to be worth the cost to the majority of users. For
         | an example of a specialised use-case: ASIC designers use racks
         | of them to simulate the digital logic in large-scale designs,
         | which are otherwise far too difficult to simulate on a CPU
         | because CPUs really struggle to simulate billions of seperate
         | logic elements individually, and latency is a real killer for
         | parallel processing. Even so, they run much, much slower than
         | realtime.
        
       | spamizbad wrote:
       | Programmable logic seems like a space that could be disrupted
       | with a company that has fully open-source tooling around its
       | hardware along with great documentation. FPGA tooling is in the
       | dark ages compared to modern software development environments.
       | If you found such a company I will be your customer and
       | simp/shill/stan for life.
        
         | xyzzy21 wrote:
         | Absolutely!
         | 
         | And the FPGAs need not even be as efficient in packing as
         | Xilinx or Altera.
         | 
         | The thing that always gets me: you are already charging for HW
         | - that's the only real business model. The CAD tools 1) suck,
         | 2) aren't going to be a major money maker, and 3) desparately
         | need UI design and programming talent well beyond what ever
         | gets applied today.
        
         | moistbar wrote:
         | > FPGA tooling is in the dark ages compared to modern software
         | development environments.
         | 
         | Dear god is it ever. My fiancee, bless her, got me a Spartan 6
         | for Christmas one year. I never got around to using it because
         | I couldn't find a download for the single, outdated version of
         | (I think) Arduino Software it claimed it 100% required.
        
         | AlphaSite wrote:
         | Considering AMDs software chops, I guess that won't be coming
         | from them.
        
           | bri3d wrote:
           | While AMD's software is historically trash, they do have a
           | track record many years long now of publishing ISA /
           | microcode documentation, which is still a step ahead of FPGA
           | vendors (as far as I know, all known bitstream formats are
           | reverse engineered, not first-party documented).
        
             | rockdoe wrote:
             | Meanwhile, support for monitoring their Zen CPUs was backed
             | out of the kernel in December because the interface is
             | undocumented and buggy, and AMD isn't helping.
             | 
             | AMD is a Big Company, could go either very right or very
             | wrong.
        
           | franga2000 wrote:
           | Looking at their open-source Linux graphics stack, if they
           | ever end up integrating FPGA fabric into their chips as a
           | kind of dynamic accelerator (I remember reading about that
           | being one possibility after the acquisition), I wouldn't be
           | entirely surprised if they did the same for that. Still
           | probably not a fully FOSS FPGA tool suite, but at even
           | drivers and such would be an improvement over what I've heard
           | the current state of the industry is.
        
             | zokier wrote:
             | Looking the pretty spectacular failure that was AMD
             | "Fusion", I wouldn't hold my breath on succesful FPGA
             | integration.
             | 
             | Fusion was the name AMD gave pretty soon after ATi
             | acquisition to their fancy HSA concept of accelerating
             | compute with gpgpu, especially with the integrated gpus in
             | their APUs. It was announced with great fanfare and pomp,
             | but never really became reality. Today their gpgpu
             | framework (rocm) is both unpopular and doesn't even support
             | igpus in apus.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | I thought that was one of the reasons that they acquired
           | Xilinx to improve the software side.
        
             | DoingIsLearning wrote:
             | That was my hope as well, I still dream of Xilinx or Intel
             | deciding to 'LLVM' their toolchain down to bitstream, I
             | keep looking with a lot of interest at Lattice and the
             | Yosys project as it is maturing.
             | 
             | These companies make money selling hardware, just open the
             | tools and let people use what they want instead of forcing
             | this 'visual programming' paradigm with half-baked IDEs on
             | everyone.
             | 
             | My worry with AMD is what will happen to the SoC chips that
             | have actual ARM cores in the fabric (like the Zynq family)?
        
               | aseipp wrote:
               | Visual block diagram editors like the one in Vivado,
               | Libero, etc are extremely useful and powerful in practice
               | and an equivalent alternative for open source EDA design
               | would be very welcome. And I'm a person who absolutely
               | loathes Verilog, so it's not like I'm a purist or
               | anything. If that's your representative example of your
               | issues with proprietary FPGA software, I honestly don't
               | think it's a very good one.
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | > 'visual programming' paradigm with half-baked IDEs
               | 
               | The paradigm is the least important, when it works, I
               | don't know anyone in real world projects that didn't have
               | to configure something manually through a tcl script
               | because it was either not exposed in GUI or not working
               | in GUI.
               | 
               | My issue is not with 'visual programming' my issue is
               | with the 'half-baked' part of the tools.
               | 
               | There are too many multi year old bugs that go
               | acknowledged by Xilinx. The VHDL2008 standard came out
               | more than a decade ago and from memory it was only in
               | 2019 that they supported it as a valid simulation file in
               | Vivado. There a plethora of autogenerate/copied/cached
               | files that add a ridiculous amount of friction to any
               | attempt of sane version control. There is just too much
               | complexity in what I assume is an attempt to hide the
               | shoe-horned messiness of the tcl backend and
               | 'prettifying' the GUI frontend.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | > The paradigm is the least important, when it works, I
               | don't know anyone in real world projects that didn't have
               | to configure something manually through a tcl script
               | because it was either not exposed in GUI or not working
               | in GUI.
               | 
               | Worse is the other way around, a GUI control not exposed
               | through the TCL scripts, which makes it very difficult to
               | maintain a TCL build script which can be version
               | controlled (unlike the project files: this particular IDE
               | likes to completely rewrite its project files in a way
               | which is not at all amenable to diffing).
        
               | Symmetry wrote:
               | They do seem to be trying to integrate the GPU and FPGA
               | toolchains, at least.
               | 
               | https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Xilinx-Xclusive-Blog/AMD-
               | and-Xi...
        
               | buran77 wrote:
               | > My worry with AMD is what will happen to the SoC chips
               | that have actual ARM cores in the fabric (like the Zynq
               | family)?
               | 
               | Why does that worry you? AMD already has ARM cores in
               | their portfolio at least for their A-series Opterons and
               | the PSP.
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | I actually wasn't aware of that, I hope that means that
               | the portfolio and ARM cores remain supported for longer
               | term.
        
             | aseipp wrote:
             | Almost certainly not; I'd be extremely surprised if AMD
             | rocked the boat at all here. Xilinx is already the dominant
             | player in the spaces they're batting for (datacenters are
             | where all the money is and their major focus for several
             | years now), they won't feel pressure to do such things.
             | 
             | Overall it seems like a move to strengthen their portfolio
             | for integrated high-end solutions, not something they want
             | to radically shake up. So I suspect it'll be business as
             | usual at Xilinx after the acquisition, but maybe one day
             | we'll actually get a mythical datacenter-class FPGA/CPU
             | combo using Epyc, if it makes sense for their customers.
        
         | rkangel wrote:
         | I agree on the 'user friendliness' of FPGA tooling, but SW
         | Engineers (myself including) often make the mistake of thinking
         | an FPGA toolchain is like a software toolchain and therefore
         | everything is equivalent. These are the two main reasons that
         | FPGA toolchains aren't as open as compilers (I'm not saying
         | they're good ones):
         | 
         | * Processors have a defined interface ("instruction set") that
         | you can implement a compiler for and have it keep working. The
         | interaction between the FPGA tooling and the FPGA targeted it
         | much more complicated. It's a bit like graphics card drivers
         | and the hardware, where the line between the two is blurry and
         | you have to consider them both together as the graphics system.
         | This means that the 'cleverness' of the design is much more
         | exposed to the toolchain and having that open source would give
         | a way a lot to competitors
         | 
         | * Synthesising FPGAs is a LOT harder and more complicated than
         | compiling code (and compiling code is pretty hard). There are
         | many stages in the pipeline involving synthesising the logic
         | and laying it out on the target for best performance. To give
         | an example, we upgraded our toolchain for a Xilinx FPGA and
         | power consumption improved by 20% because they'd changed the
         | ways that they segment clock domains and gate off stuff being
         | used. Good performance in the tooling is a major
         | differentiating factor that you might not want to give away.
        
           | regularfry wrote:
           | That point about toolchain complexity just reminds me of
           | where compilers were 20 years ago. You could get significant
           | speed bumps because one vendor had an optimisation another
           | didn't. That's probably still true for things like the intel
           | compiler, for all I know. I do remember at one point doing
           | computer vision stuff before NVidia ate the world that it
           | wasn't uncommon to come across code that expected to have
           | access to intel-compiled maths libraries to be able to run in
           | real-time.
           | 
           | The point is that the free toolchains got good enough that in
           | general you don't need to care, and I think it's reasonable
           | to expect the same dynamics to apply here.
        
             | Gladdyu wrote:
             | The difference is that software compilation is a fairly
             | local optimization process - allowing you to change/inline
             | one bit of generated code without significantly affecting
             | the performance of the rest of the generated code - address
             | space is cheap. On the other hand, especially when the fpga
             | approaches capacity, one change could cause a significant
             | portion of the design to have to be rerouted as space is
             | limited causing significant performance differences or not
             | meeting the timing requirements anymore.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > The difference is that software compilation is a fairly
               | local optimization process - allowing you to
               | change/inline one bit of generated code without
               | significantly affecting the performance of the rest of
               | the generated code
               | 
               | Not really.
               | 
               | The uop cache, and L1 code cache, of modern chips is
               | rather small. You can often grossly increase performance
               | locally by loop-unrolling, but if that causes the "hot
               | path" to no longer fit in uop-cache (or L1 cache), then
               | you've lost a chunk of global performance vs a small
               | local-gain in performance.
               | 
               | Global vs local optimization is just a tough subject in
               | general. Even on CPUs (which is probably easier than
               | FPGAs)
        
               | TomVDB wrote:
               | OP wrote "a fairly local optimzation". Compared to what a
               | placement algorithm must do for an FPGA, your example is
               | still exactly that, and one that's relatively easy to get
               | right with a few heuristics.
        
               | regularfry wrote:
               | Yep. But to me that only changes what the problem is that
               | the toolchain solves. It doesn't affect the social and
               | economic pressures on how the relevant toolchains evolve.
               | 
               | To a certain (admittedly limited) degree the "limited
               | space" problem with FPGAs maps intriguingly to the
               | "limited memory" conditions that early LISP and FORTH
               | compilers spawned in.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | More to the point the market for FGPAs is fundamentally
               | limited by some factors.
               | 
               | If you are making 10,000+ units the economics are
               | overwhelmingly in favor of ASIC over FPGA.
               | 
               | (In particularly if you are the first mover that proves
               | the market with an FPGA you should have started an ASIC
               | design in parallel to it because the second and third
               | movers will have ASIC from day one and a cost structure
               | 10x or 20x better than you!)
               | 
               | This keeps FPGA a niche market because it serves niche
               | markets.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | > The point is that the free toolchains got good enough
             | that in general you don't need to care, and I think it's
             | reasonable to expect the same dynamics to apply here.
             | 
             | No the question was: would the vendor want this?
             | 
             | I'm referring to this comment above:
             | 
             | > Programmable logic seems like a space that could be
             | disrupted with a company that has fully open-source tooling
             | around its hardware along with great documentation. (...)
        
             | pm215 wrote:
             | It's still true for compilers -- for instance gcc 10 had a
             | greater than 10% perf improvement for AArch64 targets
             | compared to gcc 9 as a result of various optimisation work:
             | https://community.arm.com/developer/tools-
             | software/tools/b/t...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | snvzz wrote:
         | There's open source tooling for a bunch of FPGAs:
         | 
         | QuickLogic EOS S3 (provided by QuickLogic)
         | 
         | Lattice iCE40 (reversed, project icestorm)
         | 
         | Lattice ECP5 (reversed, project trellis)
         | 
         | Lattice Nexus (reversed, project oxide)
         | 
         | Gowin GW1N (reversed, project apicula)
         | 
         | Xilinx family 7 (reversed, project x-ray)
         | 
         | With more on the works. Hopefully an AMD Xilinx will start
         | contributing to the open source tooling themselves, as they do
         | with CPU and GPU tooling.
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | I'm a bit skeptical on this one. Open tools may help, but for
         | full vendor support you are going to have to use their tools.
         | 
         | Also I wouldn't say that their tools are in the dark ages- most
         | of the problems with their tools stem from modern software tool
         | design. So for example, I find Vivado / SDK to be complex yes,
         | but also much more pleasant to use than tool chains for simple
         | micro-controllers. An example is the total mess that is
         | software libraries delivered via STM32CubeMX (no part
         | migration, libraries depend on custom BSPs vs. auto-generated
         | code, good luck preserving your fixes if their auto-generated
         | code has bugs).
         | 
         | A reason that the Xilinx tools are big and complex is that they
         | are following modern software tool practices (that I hate):
         | it's a large Java-based tool that aims to hide the underlying
         | relatively simple command line programs. Xilinx tools from the
         | mid-90s are actually closer to what the open source FPGA tools
         | look like today.
        
         | vmchale wrote:
         | clash? I like their mailing list :)
         | 
         | https://clash-lang.org/
        
         | stelonix wrote:
         | I somewhat agree, but I think the number 1 factor of low FPGA
         | adoption is the absurd price. Put a good price tag like in GPUs
         | and you have a new industry. Of course, there are issues with
         | tooling too. Maybe there needs to be a simplified API, akin to
         | OpenGL, that takes care of the boilerplate.
        
         | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
         | There are a bunch of fully open FPGA designs on the first
         | efabless shuttle run:
         | https://efabless.com/open_mpw_shuttle_project_mpw_one
        
         | krasin wrote:
         | Quick Logic is an FPGA manufacturer that recently started to
         | offer chips & boards with a fully open source toolchain:
         | https://www.quicklogic.com/tag/open-source-fpga/
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | AFAIK the iCE FPGAs also have open source tooling available
        
             | bri3d wrote:
             | Not company supported, though, just reversed and company-
             | tolerated. The investment was made by brilliant people
             | donating their personal time, not the company funding an
             | initiative - big difference there.
             | 
             | I think a truly "open" documentation and compilers model
             | (like what AMD have been up to with their graphics cards)
             | would still be a game-changer in the industry.
        
               | TomVDB wrote:
               | I honestly don't think opening up documentation would
               | change a lot.
               | 
               | The medium hard part of FPGA tooling is synthesis, and
               | the truly hard part is high performance placement and
               | routing with low run times.
               | 
               | The competitive benefits of being good at that are huge,
               | because it can literally mean the difference between
               | choosing a component of one vendor vs the one of another.
               | As a user, the tooling and the underlying HW architecture
               | can be mostly treated as an inseparable blob: it's not as
               | if you're going to design specifically for a particular
               | FPGA logic element feature, you rely entirely on what the
               | backend tool with do with it.
               | 
               | If I were Intel or AMD, I'd be fine with opening up some
               | documentation that helps users to a certain extent, but
               | I'd never agree to an open backend model.
        
               | bri3d wrote:
               | With respect to opening the backend: it's also unlikely
               | that your competitor is going to use your PnR against
               | you, between patent encumbrance and backend silicon
               | differences, no? This is the exact same argument as in
               | graphics where AMD have done fine open-sourcing their
               | compiler backends, nobody is going to cut-rate clone
               | their silicon and NVidia are staying far, far away from
               | any of the methods+processes there if they are smart.
               | 
               | With that said, I don't understand the FPGA market well
               | enough to know if open tooling would be an advantage
               | competitively.
               | 
               | With respect to opening documentation:
               | 
               | I really do wonder. I don't know the market well enough.
               | For a "we need an FPGA because we need XYZ to be fast and
               | don't have the volume/$ to tape out," of course a good
               | PnR and meeting timing is the #1 concern, and a savvy
               | buyer would choose the best performing solution even if
               | the software suite is brutal to use. But for "we need a
               | PLD for some glue logic, it doesn't need to be 100%
               | blazing fast, it needs to meet XYZ requirements," would a
               | buyer choose a toolchain that worked better and let their
               | engineers go to market faster, even if the PnR wasn't
               | quite as efficient? In that case, opening up
               | documentation and letting the open-source ecosystem build
               | out support could be valuable.
               | 
               | What would be telling here would be whether Lattice have
               | seen a measurable sales impact from the reverse
               | engineered open toolchain appearing for their parts. I
               | cynically think that perhaps the idea is futile in this
               | industry, but that's also what everyone thought about
               | graphics and AMD went and did it anyway...
        
       | sabujp wrote:
       | i'm the 0.00000001% that didn't apparently
        
         | gravypod wrote:
         | What are your reasons for not supporting this move? I have no
         | skin in the game and no understanding of what's going on here.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | I don't have stocks in either companies, but I can see why a
           | Xilinx stockholder might object.
           | 
           | From the AMD side of things, it's just expanding their
           | offerings, and maybe bringing in some know-how and
           | technologies that could help boost/extend their existing
           | products.
           | 
           | If you have Xilinx stocks because you believe in what they're
           | doing and predicting a bright future and possible dividend
           | while at the same time don't see much of a future in the
           | AMD64 platform, then why would you want AMD to the company.
           | 
           | Most stockholders don't care about the companies they invest
           | in any more. It doesn't matter if they make FPGAs, cars or
           | toaster ovens. What matters is that you can make a profit
           | buying a stock now and selling it at a higher place down the
           | road. Those kinds of stockholder won't block an AMD takeover
           | if the price is right.
        
             | adwn wrote:
             | > _What matters is that you can make a profit buying a
             | stock now and selling it at a higher place down the road._
             | 
             | Making a profit has been the point of buying and selling
             | stocks literally since day one, when the Dutch East India
             | Company issued publicly tradeable shares in 1602.
             | 
             | If you want to show your support for the vision of a
             | company, buy their t-shirts. If you're buying their shares
             | (typically not even from the company itself, but from
             | another shareholder) for that reason, you're doing it
             | wrong.
        
             | wu_187 wrote:
             | amd64 isn't going away any time soon. Intel is still the
             | largest player here. If I were Intel right now, I'd be
             | trying to come up with the next iteration of x86, probably
             | 256 bit.
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | > 256 bit
               | 
               | but, why? do we need more than 16 exabytes of memory?
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | Right. Does _anyone_ even need a _megabyte_? As Bill
               | Gates famously (didn't) say, "640k ought to be enough for
               | anybody".
               | 
               | Joking aside, we very well may one day have more memory
               | available that 64 address lines can handle. RISC-V's spec
               | does have a stub chapter for "RV128"
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | There don't seem to be many advantages to words larger
               | that 64 IMO (they do exist, but things like GMP exist for
               | that). If the purpose would be parallel processing (a la
               | SIMD), we already have "256 bit x86" with AVX2. IIRC,
               | Intel's x86 chips can process 256 bits of integer data at
               | the same time. And if you want 512 bits, AVX-512 exists
               | as well (but it's implemented internally as two sequences
               | of 256 bit data)
        
           | rjzzleep wrote:
           | Probably worry about the future of access and direction for
           | FPGAs. Most acquisitions of FPGA companies resulted in worse
           | products afterwards. I'm probably suffering from confirmation
           | bias here.
           | 
           | Is there any example of a FPGA provider delivering better
           | products after acquisition?
           | 
           | EDIT: I'd wager that if the last administration hadn't
           | blocked the sale of Lattice it would now be dead.
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | > Most acquisitions of FPGA companies
             | 
             | > any example of a FPGA provider
             | 
             | Are there lots of FPGA companies that have gotten acquired
             | in the first place? Only Altera comes to my mind.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Atmel had some FPGAs when acquired by Microchip. Albeit
               | Microchip is sort of where chip families go to die, so I
               | wouldn't draw a trend from that.
               | 
               | Would the Xilinx/AMD acquisition make Lattice the biggest
               | independent FPGA vendor?
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | Many of Lattice's FPGAs were acquisitions as well. The
               | iCE series came from SiliconBlue; ECP5 came from Silicon
               | Image.
        
               | fridif wrote:
               | Altera and Xilinx are the only two FPGAs out there ;)
        
               | WillSlim95 wrote:
               | Uh at the high end there is Achronix and then the lower
               | end you have Microchip(ex Microsemi(ex-Actel) and
               | Lattice, Efinx and there are a couple of Chinese
               | startups.
        
               | sigstoat wrote:
               | lattice?
        
               | lnsru wrote:
               | Actel was acquired by Microsemi that was acquired by
               | Microchip.
        
               | Ballas wrote:
               | In my opinion they have only gotten better. That said -
               | my opinion of Actel was pretty close to the floor.
        
               | lnsru wrote:
               | From my current perspective Actel was ok for its time. I
               | worked with APA150 FPGAs in the past and for that ancient
               | time it was ok. I heard, Microchip has cool SoC with
               | RISC-V nowadays. I just don't have time to play with them
               | after work.
        
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