[HN Gopher] How we bootstrapped a $1M ARR email client
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How we bootstrapped a $1M ARR email client
        
       Author : plehoux
       Score  : 166 points
       Date   : 2021-04-06 16:33 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (missiveapp.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (missiveapp.com)
        
       | TheMagicHorsey wrote:
       | OP Congratulations on the steady, recurring revenue! This is
       | great.
       | 
       | I saw you are using Phonegap/Cordova. I'm curious, if you were
       | developing the product today would you still choose the same
       | framework, or would you look into something like Google's Flutter
       | (since they now support iOS, Android, Web, and desktops).
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | I hate that "bootstrapped" now means "we had millions of dollars
       | in funding, just not from a traditional VC".
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | You can listen to the interview I did with Courtland Allen from
         | IndieHacker to understand that this is far from the case.
         | 
         | https://www.indiehackers.com/podcast/033-philippe-lehoux-of-...
        
           | purerandomness wrote:
           | OP refers to the article, in which the authors seem to think
           | that they bootstrapped the company, while they did not, in
           | fact.
           | 
           | > Missive is bootstrapped, meaning we never took a dime from
           | investors. We funded it with the cash flow of our other
           | business.
        
             | ZephyrBlu wrote:
             | How is this not bootstrapping? Their other business was
             | 'properly' bootstrapped and then they used the profit from
             | that to start this one.
        
               | purerandomness wrote:
               | Then bootsteapping lost all its meaning.
               | 
               | I don't care where the investment came from, a VC, your
               | dad, or someone being their own VC. If we start calling
               | that bootstrapping, we need a new name for 'starting a
               | profitable business with nothing but a 5 bucks VPS'.
               | 
               | It is not '1. Become a VC, 2. Invest in your own
               | company.'
        
       | dvt wrote:
       | It's always surprising to see apps like this reach >= $1M ARR,
       | and goes to show that markets are bigger than what you'd think. I
       | mean this is _email_ we 're talking about, and there are about
       | 800 clients and 1200 solutions, and yet Missive still carved out
       | a niche.
       | 
       | Congrats!
        
         | waynesonfire wrote:
         | I just looked at their feature list and "Team Inboxes" really
         | stood out. Granted details matter, but g-suites doesn't even
         | have a good solution to this problem, I can see this as being
         | their bread and butter.
        
         | ZephyrBlu wrote:
         | > _markets are bigger than what you 'd think ... I mean this is
         | email we're talking about_
         | 
         | I feel like you have it backwards. Email is obviously an
         | extremely large market, so I'm not all surprised they managed
         | to get to $1M ARR.
         | 
         | It's _easier_ to carve out a niche if the market is bigger.
        
       | jFriedensreich wrote:
       | I was a paying customer for a while. The web-app was super snappy
       | and the ui (minus usability and simplicity and minus sane
       | defaults that "just work") design was state of the art and
       | reminded me of apple or metalabs in some regards (reading about
       | them also being in canada is especially interesting).
       | 
       | BUT i had to leave because the usability and amount of settings
       | and exact reasonability about the workflows and data was just not
       | doable for me. Especially sharing with my PA and managing a small
       | team gave me nightmares. I would maybe setup all the preferences
       | one day and understand what my assistant could see and do at what
       | point and what "archiving" exactly meant in which situations. But
       | after a few days it was all a blur again and i was just anxious
       | about using this thing without accidentally missing messages or
       | losing track of what was going on. They seem to have build every
       | feature on earth and support any workflow for teams possible but
       | without the guide, visual feedback and structure to be effective.
       | 
       | Going back to stupid gmail was just relieving, because it was
       | possible to reason about even though it felt ancient in
       | comparison. The fact that i had to write them to delete my
       | account instead of just being able to do that in settings made me
       | really angry back then because i had no idea it was just 4
       | people, i assumed a team size of front.app or intercom.
       | 
       | A major problem of email team inboxes in general (missive was
       | better than others but also had issues) is the sync with gmail,
       | they all do not sync back in a way that you could go back without
       | losing significant metadata and labels. I know this is a hard
       | problem but especially front.app gives me the feeling they also
       | use this knowingly for a hidden lock in.
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | Sorry for the anxiety! Your critic is a valid one, and one we
         | struggled with a lot, how to make a powerful and simple app at
         | the same time.
         | 
         | We worked a lot in the last year to simplify some of the app's
         | concepts and help onboard colleagues.
         | 
         | > The fact that i had to write them to delete my account
         | instead of just being able to do that in settings made me
         | really angry back
         | 
         | It's now possible in app. :)
        
           | jFriedensreich wrote:
           | I know how hard this must be and i feel bad for having been
           | an angry customer :D the blog post really put everything into
           | context and shows where you are coming from and how extremely
           | impressive your achievement is. My feeling is to reach the
           | next level of the product you have to upset a lot of users in
           | some areas to really empower the key audience and product.
        
       | polira wrote:
       | Is it all the same person in that photo?
        
         | warent wrote:
         | I get your comment on diversity but imagine saying the same
         | thing if they were black. Just because they're white that
         | doesn't make it less offensive
        
           | betenoire wrote:
           | I totally disagree. If it is a comment on diversity, it might
           | be sarcastic or unprofessional, but that doesn't make it just
           | as offensive. Saying all minorities look the same reveals
           | ignorance and biases, which is the offensive part, not the
           | comment itself.
        
           | polira wrote:
           | Ahh the reverse racism argument rears its ugly head.
        
         | dubcanada wrote:
         | This type of comment has no place in HN, keep it to reddit.
        
       | lquist wrote:
       | How does Missive compare to Front?
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | Missive is geared towards small to midsize businesses as a
         | collaborative platform to manage all communications (internal
         | and external).
         | 
         | We wrote this post explaining some of the differences:
         | https://missiveapp.com/frontapp-vs-missive
        
           | adanto6840 wrote:
           | Thank you for the link -- is a very informative post. My
           | small organization recently adopted (and _loves_ ) FrontApp,
           | it's been a tremendous upgrade over trying to handle inbound
           | support via shared inboxes.
           | 
           | That said, it's pretty darn expensive & it's probably
           | "overkill" for us -- we only have ~5 team members. By the
           | time we added in all our forward-facing "aliases" (ie
           | support@gameX, support@gameY, media@gameX media@gameY, etc)
           | plus a few Twitter accounts, our bill ends up around
           | $240/month.
           | 
           | Comparing the two services via the [relatively] detailed
           | comparison breakdown at your link, it sure _seems_ like
           | Missive would scratch the same itch that FrontApp does for us
           | currently -- possibly better even, especially for a small
           | team like ours -- and looks like it 'd be ~50% cheaper than
           | FrontApp.
           | 
           | Will definitely be taking a closer look in the future; I
           | don't look forward to the migration (though sounds like it
           | can be done pretty smoothly), but it's certainly an
           | attractive product and the price point makes it quite
           | tempting.
        
             | plehoux wrote:
             | Awesome, don't hesitate to write me an email at philippe[a
             | t]missiveapp.com if you have more questions! We have a lot
             | of happy ex-Front users.
        
       | plehoux wrote:
       | Post author here, someone on Twitter asked to expand a bit on
       | where our users came from, given some of you might have the same
       | question.
       | 
       | Early on we were featured by Apple couple of times + podcasts,
       | but now, mainly a mix of word of mouth content/SEO and honestly a
       | lot of mystery.
       | 
       | Today HN :)
        
         | 1cvmask wrote:
         | Congratulations! How did you get Apple featuring you? And which
         | podcasts worked best?
        
         | necovek wrote:
         | Congrats!
         | 
         | Your story is amazing, but there is this tendency to conflate
         | bootstrapping with re-investing-your-own-earnings which you
         | admit to doing (from your other businesses). I'd rather call
         | that "expanding" your existing business or "pivoting" rather
         | than bootstrapping.
         | 
         | Sure, the line is fuzzy no matter how you look at it, but if
         | you are not drawing from a fixed pot (eg. your personal
         | savings), I don't like it being called "bootstrapping": the
         | core difference is in the type of safety net you've got (and
         | thus the risks you are really taking).
        
           | willyg123 wrote:
           | His prior company, ConferenceBadge.com, was bootstrapped too
           | [1]. If his prior company was venture backed, I would agree
           | with you. This is a completely new business and target market
           | so I don't think it can be considered an expansion either.
           | 
           | [1] https://medium.com/conference-badge/the-epiphany-behind-
           | a-bo...
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > Your story is amazing, but there is this tendency to
           | conflate bootstrapping with re-investing-your-own-earnings
           | which you admit to doing (from your other businesses). I'd
           | rather call that "expanding" your existing business or
           | "pivoting" rather than bootstrapping.
           | 
           | That seems like a crazy distinction. Pulling yourself up by
           | your own bootstraps means not getting outside assistance.
           | Growth through reinvesting your profits is entirely the deal.
           | Otherwise what else on earth could it mean?
           | 
           | We started Cygnus with 15K (about 30K in today's dollars; it
           | was 5K from each founder) and didn't take outside money for
           | seven years at which point we have about 150 employees and
           | had never had an unprofitable month after month 3 (though the
           | three of us had to skip paychecks some months during the
           | first year, and I gave the company free rent for a few months
           | -- but staff _always_ got a paycheck).
           | 
           | edit: It wasn't just the cash; we also had an old Sun-3 that
           | Sun had somehow appeared -- still had a Sun property sticker
           | -- plus we had the first production prototype of the "pizza
           | box" sparcstation which had in fact been legitimately given
           | away.
        
             | necovek wrote:
             | Uhm, of course profits from the "bootstrapped" business
             | does not count as external business profit: you had exactly
             | the "fixed pot" I talked about, so your example is a great
             | case in point.
             | 
             | But the OP had profits from _another_ business. Eg. imagine
             | if Google decided to create a self-driving company with
             | profits from their search /ad business. We wouldn't ever
             | think of calling that self-driving company bootstrapped.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | For anyone else reading, I actually found Cygnus Solutions'
             | business model interesting.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions
             | 
             | Lived the dream there: making a lot of money maintaining
             | open source. Good stuff :D
        
           | plehoux wrote:
           | > but if you are not drawing from a fixed pot (eg. your
           | personal savings)
           | 
           | Profits from another business, in and itself, are technically
           | also from personal savings.
           | 
           | But yeah, maybe our story doesn't subscribe to the purest
           | form of bootstrapping.
        
         | kr4 wrote:
         | Just curious: how do you get featured by Apple, or by any other
         | app store for that matter? Based on users or quality?
        
           | plehoux wrote:
           | No clue, I guess quality/luck? Missive was featured multiple
           | times in 2017-2018.
           | 
           | We had no web fame, Missive wasn't popular and it was a
           | JavaScript app, let's say we were really surprised too.
           | 
           | At the end of the day, most of the users we got from those
           | features, weren't really good fit. But it was good for our
           | confidence.
        
         | neeeeees wrote:
         | Congrats on the milestone!
         | 
         | I hope it's okay to ask a technical question:
         | 
         | How did you build push notifications (especially on mobile)
         | with a single codebase? Do you use something like OneSignal?
         | 
         | Also, is your iOS app still using Cordova? It looks and feels
         | so nice, which is a marked difference from the last time I
         | tried that framework.
        
           | plehoux wrote:
           | > How did you build push notifications (especially on mobile)
           | with a single codebase? Do you use something like OneSignal?
           | 
           | The single codebase for the client. We do have a server/API,
           | which manages push notifications.
        
             | plehoux wrote:
             | > Also, is your iOS app still using Cordova? It looks and
             | feels so nice, which is a marked difference from the last
             | time I tried that framework.
             | 
             | Yes, it is.
        
       | donnythecroc wrote:
       | Have you considered non dilutive funding like Pipe?
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | Not sure I would know how to spend the money...
        
       | markdown wrote:
       | While reading that article, "blog" in the menu wasn't
       | highlighted. I trust the app has a better UI.
        
       | gsibble wrote:
       | Please don't make this the new normal required to get funding.
       | It's already insane as it is how much entrepreneurs are expected
       | to carry the expense and risk at this point.
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | We did try to get into YC a couple of years ago and made it to
         | the interview. From the rejection email:
         | 
         | "However we struggled to convince ourselves that enough people
         | would find this useful enough to switch from Gmail and to pay
         | for an email client."
         | 
         | In the end, getting venture capital always seemed so time-
         | consuming that we never contemplated the idea of doing it
         | seriously apart from YC.
        
       | PostThisTooFast wrote:
       | "ARR?" Is that supposed to be some pirate thing?
        
       | notshift wrote:
       | Anyone know what technologies / frameworks they used for the
       | mobile apps (or have any guesses or recommendations)? I was under
       | the impression webview apps tended to be slow and had some
       | limitations.
       | 
       | I'm definitely curious how they were able to create a 'blazing
       | fast experience on phones' writing their mobile app in just
       | JavaScript.
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | You should listen to the podcast of my co-founder Etienne on
         | the Synthax. podcast: https://syntax.fm/show/184/desktop-and-
         | mobile-apps-with-a-si...
        
           | rorykoehler wrote:
           | Please don't ask people to invest valuable time in listening
           | to a podcast without also providing a simple answer to their
           | question. This is a text forum.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Can you summarize here?
        
       | ta1234567890 wrote:
       | It's great what they did, very impressive and excellent product.
       | 
       | However, the article is a bit misleading, mainly for two reasons:
       | "bootstrapped", and "without spending a dime on marketing".
       | 
       | They "bootstrapped" by financing the company with another
       | profitable company. That technically means they were their own
       | investors, but they weren't limited only to the revenue that
       | their email company was generating.
       | 
       | They didn't spend "a dime on marketing", but they did spend time
       | promoting their product on several platforms, including
       | producthunt, and they do have a blog (which is where the article
       | is hosted), and they do have one full-time employee (out of
       | four), in charge of marketing. So maybe what they truly meant is
       | that they didn't pay for advertising, but that's different than
       | not spending money on marketing, which they did, and in fact you
       | could even say that it's probably a significant part of their
       | budget (given one of the only four team members is dedicated to
       | marketing).
        
         | maxs wrote:
         | Is there such a thing as true boostrapping? One always has to
         | put some sweat/time in the pre-revenue phase. This time has a
         | cost (opportunity cost + you could have had a job / did
         | consulting)
        
           | notfromhere wrote:
           | If they didn't write their own OS is it even bootstrapping?
        
             | dekerta wrote:
             | If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must
             | first create the universe
        
               | mdeck_ wrote:
               | -Carl Sagan (which you've just slightly misquoted) Credit
               | where credit is due :)
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | They probably used a computer obtained for another project.
             | With off the shelf parts.
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | > However, the article is a bit misleading, mainly for two
         | reasons: "bootstrapped", and "without spending a dime on
         | marketing".
         | 
         | > They "bootstrapped" by financing the company with another
         | profitable company. That technically means they were their own
         | investors, but they weren't limited only to the revenue that
         | their email company was generating.
         | 
         | That is the definition of bootstrapping with no need for
         | quotes. They pulled themselves up by their own bootstraps,
         | starting with existing resources and created something more
         | complex and effective.
        
           | filoleg wrote:
           | Exactly. If Jeff Bezos starts a new company tomorrow and
           | funds it using only his own wealth with no outside
           | investments, it counts as bootstrapped.
           | 
           | Of course it would be less impressive if someone of Jeff's
           | caliber bootstraps a company, as opposed to a much less
           | wealthy individual. But it would still be bootstrapping in
           | both cases.
        
         | dkarras wrote:
         | the hairsplitting of HN never ceases to amaze and amuse me.
         | 
         | Yes, realistically, bootstrapping means you are only allowed to
         | use money you find on the street, and "no marketing spend"
         | means you press "publish" and can only wait.
        
           | ookblah wrote:
           | right? apparently if you worked for decades then tried to
           | start your own company with savings that isn't bootstrapping
           | lol.
        
             | purerandomness wrote:
             | Exactly, there's a term for it: "Investing".
             | 
             | Different words exist for different reasons, and the
             | bootstrapping community has a reason to make sure that term
             | is not being confused with investing.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | How can it be an investment if you are the sole artificer
               | of the outcome of your investment? An investor finds one
               | or more companies that look good and are worth their
               | money and then mostly wait for the profits. But in this
               | case the same people who put the money are the ones
               | planning and _executing_ the business plan. What 's the
               | difference in using money earned by running another
               | company rather than using money earned by working for
               | another company? It's the very definition of hair-
               | splitting.
        
               | purerandomness wrote:
               | > What's the difference [...]?
               | 
               | The distinction is _very_ clear: Bootstrapping a business
               | means you can do it without funds, in a  "poor" country,
               | without inheriting money or having savings.
               | 
               | It's important because it shifts focus towards executing
               | a business model that is likely to succeed without having
               | to experiment and see "what sticks" first.
               | 
               | Productizing a consulting business is one example. You
               | repackage knowledge you gained while working for clients,
               | into its own product. The only expense in that phase is
               | your 4,99EUR/mo root server.
               | 
               | The distinction is important because there are people who
               | are interested in one, but not the other, or who can only
               | do one, but not the other.
               | 
               | When we talk about different things, we need different
               | terms to make sure we know what it is that we are talking
               | about.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | IMO, the parent comment was not hairsplitting, it was making
           | quite valid critiques. Take the marketing critique. Far FAR
           | too many techies think "marketing" == "advertising". It's
           | not. Paid advertising is a small part of the art that is
           | marketing. I considered the comment to quite helpful.
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | >Take the marketing critique.
             | 
             | >Far FAR too many techies think "marketing" ==
             | "advertising". It's not
             | 
             | >Paid advertising is a small part of the art that is
             | marketing.
             | 
             | Sure, I agree that paid advertising is just a small part of
             | marketing. But the post didn't say "we didn't do any
             | marketing". The post said "without spending a dime on
             | marketing".
             | 
             | It isn't supposed to mean they haven't done any marketing.
             | Clearly they did, given the post in question itself. It is
             | supposed to mean they haven't spent any money on marketing.
             | Have they spent any money on marketing? If no, then they
             | are fully in the clear. Unless somehow people assumed the
             | devs just published their work and left it at that, which
             | is a very unreasonable assumption, because how would people
             | find out about the app in the first place if that was the
             | case.
             | 
             | Just like with Tesla. They intentionally spend zero on
             | marketing. But it would be silly to argue that Tesla
             | doesn't do any marketing. Elon's tweets alone can be
             | considered marketing. It's just that there is no actual
             | budget spent on it.
        
               | rtsil wrote:
               | They have a team member in charge of marketing. Surely
               | that counts as spending a dime (or two).
        
               | imperistan wrote:
               | I assume the employee in charge of marketing gets paid,
               | right? That spending money on it too!
        
       | mike-cardwell wrote:
       | I just tested out your iOS client on my iPhone with
       | https://www.emailprivacytester.com - You failed the "CSS
       | content", "Image tag" and "CSS background-image" tests. Although
       | you appear to be proxying requests as the IPs were in Amazons
       | cloud.
       | 
       | I don't see any option to disable remote resource loading, even
       | though it should default to off.
       | 
       | If I use your client, anybody who emails me will know if and when
       | I read their email, and also the fact that I was using an iPhone
       | whilst doing it (you keep the User-Agent).
       | 
       | I think that's bad.
        
         | pimterry wrote:
         | They actually have a tracker blocker as a core feature:
         | https://missiveapp.com/features/auto-block-read-trackers
         | 
         | Their approach works by blocking trackers specifically, similar
         | to an ad blocker, rather than blocking all external resources
         | completely. Hey.com take a similar approach I think. Although
         | the images from that test service are allowed, trackers from
         | all the popular email tracking services will be blocked (in
         | theory at least).
         | 
         | It's not going to be 100% effective of course, but I suspect
         | it's very close to that for most real-world email tracking, and
         | the user experience is dramatically better (i.e. you can read
         | emails that include images with no hassle _and_ avoid being
         | tracked all at the same time). And they do proxy all images
         | through their own servers, so any missed trackers still get
         | only limited info.
        
           | d110af5ccf wrote:
           | > rather than blocking all external resources completely
           | 
           | > And they do proxy all images through their own servers, so
           | any missed trackers still get only limited info.
           | 
           | IMO either all external resources should be completely
           | blocked until explicitly requested or alternatively all
           | should be immediately fetched and cached by the server the
           | instant it receives the email. The second option does consume
           | more resources for the server operator but it provides
           | significantly better privacy for users by rendering trackers
           | completely useless.
        
           | rafBM wrote:
           | CTO at Missive here. Thanks @pimterry for summing it up
           | nicely. A note about the User-Agent: we do not forward it to
           | the origin server as @mike-cardwell said. Our proxy always
           | passes an iPhone User-Agent as a "lowest common denominator"
           | to ensure CDNs won't serve WebP images.
        
             | JoshTriplett wrote:
             | Blocking "known" trackers is always going to be a cat-and-
             | mouse game, though. Blocking all 1x1 images and similar
             | would help as well, if you're doing that. But I'd still be
             | concerned about spam that's using remote images for "this
             | email address exists and a human reads it" verification.
             | I'd also be concerned about read-receipt services,
             | especially those that might support self-hosting rather
             | than using a central service that you can easily identify.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | > _We don't set goals or long-term road maps. Daily, we look at
       | what seems to be a good use of our time, and we do it, period.
       | Long-term planning is tiresome and always looks pretty useless
       | for a team like us._
       | 
       | Totally agree that long-term planning is less useful for startups
       | than bigger organizations, but I assume the author isn't
       | suggesting that any planning whatsoever is a waste of time. I'd
       | be curious to know how planning enters into their decision-making
       | process, and how they arrived at that equilibrium.
        
         | plehoux wrote:
         | I might have mixed both 'goals' and 'long-term planning' in
         | that paragraph; they are not the same.
         | 
         | Goals are useless to us. We tried a few times to set them and
         | just shifted them around until we stopped caring about them.
         | Working under the constraint of goals killed our creativity.
         | 
         | Our long-term planning strategy is simple: is the decision
         | we're taking today making us more resilient? Yes, or no. We
         | apply this strategy to business, finance, marketing, technology
         | stack choice, etc.
         | 
         | We will grow, we can't be four people forever, but we will be
         | as long as we feel we offer our customers a great experience.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | Thanks for clarifying. How do you factor in considerations
           | other than resilience? I assume the resilience question is an
           | overlay that is applied when finalizing a decisions.
        
       | vcryan wrote:
       | I'm glad they are making money, but 1M in revenue doesn't strike
       | me as a lot of money once you divide it across 4 people. I'm
       | making 1/4th of 1M just by having a job, no startup capital
       | required ;)
        
         | dvt wrote:
         | This is a pretty tone-deaf comment. Any startup can
         | theoretically scale infinitely (and realistically, at least
         | 10x), whereas you can only dream of those numbers.
         | 
         | They can also be bought/exit for life-changing amounts.
        
           | atleta wrote:
           | Scaling theoretically is easy. Practically is a bit harder.
           | What would have been interesting info (besides the ARR) is
           | their growth rate and growth history. That would give insight
           | into whether they are on the path you mention or the case is
           | more like what GP said. (Skimming through the article, I
           | didn't see any mention of this.)
        
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