[HN Gopher] Florida state of emergency with millions of gallons ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Florida state of emergency with millions of gallons of "radioactive
       wastewater"
        
       Author : StreamBright
       Score  : 167 points
       Date   : 2021-04-04 09:17 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cbsnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cbsnews.com)
        
       | reustle wrote:
       | Here's an article from 2017 with a bit more information on the
       | local industry and surrounding issues.
       | 
       | https://www.sarasotamagazine.com/news-and-profiles/2017/04/f...
        
         | BrianOnHN wrote:
         | Good article on the background, thanks!
        
       | diplodocusaur wrote:
       | Manatee County, Florida
       | 
       | not Florida
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Sounds like a case of "it's too expensive to deal with this
       | wastewater, so let's just put it in a big pond and hope the dam
       | bursts and we can claim it was all a big accident"
       | 
       | Mining industries are especially famous for this - there are
       | ponds of waste that are 70 years old, just waiting for their
       | moment to escape...
        
         | horstmeyer wrote:
         | Do you have some more information about where those old ponds
         | are located? Thanks!
        
           | leetrout wrote:
           | Coal operations have slurry ponds where they store the sludge
           | from washing the coal. And coal power plants have fly ash
           | ponds which are bad for the environment. We're shutting down
           | the coal plants but these ponds will be around forever.
           | 
           | Here is a map of ash ponds from power plants
           | 
           | https://earthjustice.org/features/map-coal-ash-
           | contaminated-...
           | 
           | Here's a link to the slurry spill I lived through with no
           | water for days
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_County_coal_slurry_sp.
           | ..
           | 
           | And here's some pictures of the "impoundments"
           | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/8693/coal-sludge-
           | im...
           | 
           | Edit to add this quote:
           | 
           | " Although coal impoundments have a relatively low rate of
           | failure, their extreme size--some hold more than a billion
           | gallons of sludge--makes any breach potentially devastating."
        
             | IgorPartola wrote:
             | I am curious what you could do with all this. I was under
             | the impression that ash could be composted pretty well. It
             | is organic material after all. Or is the issue the other
             | added chemicals?
        
               | vgeek wrote:
               | Ash from wood may be compost-able, but I think the
               | leftovers from burning coal can contain arsenic, mercury
               | and lead among other things. There are also instances of
               | the fly ash being radioactive. u/leetrout hints that they
               | are from WV/EKY area, where hilly terrain can make
               | stashing fly ash in slurry ponds less visible (but more
               | susceptible to contaminating small streams undetected).
               | Specifically in the eastern KY/OH regions, there
               | _massive_ impoundments  <500 yards from navigable rivers
               | (since barges transport to plants and water used in
               | generation), so if they break, the sludge won't have far
               | to travel to contaminate major waterways.
               | 
               | https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs163-97/FS-163-97.html -
               | information regarding some of the byproducts.
        
               | m4rtink wrote:
               | Power plant and incinerator fly ash contains heavy metals
               | and other poisonous substances so needs to be separated
               | to prevent environment contamination.
               | 
               | But I guess you could turn it into bricks and isolate
               | those instead or even use them as building materials in
               | some form of infrastructure.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Ash is not organic material.
        
             | horstmeyer wrote:
             | Thank you! Very interesting and frightening.
        
             | vgeek wrote:
             | Another large spill that hardly anyone has heard of:
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Fossil_Plant_coal_
             | f...
        
           | smackay wrote:
           | There is a gruesome death trap in Montana,
           | https://www.hcn.org/issues/48.22/latest-thousands-of-snow-
           | ge...
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | The trick is to make sure there are a few leaks in each
         | containment pond so the waste slowly leaks into the water
         | table.
         | 
         | Then when it rains the volume of waste doesn't increase.
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | There's not much that can be done with it because essentially
         | (not basically) it is acid. Phosphate mining uses sulfuric acid
         | to extract the phosphates. These are large scale operations and
         | produce a lot of water with a pH of 1.5-2. There's no
         | comparable industrial process that can consume it as input. So
         | it sits.
         | 
         | The gypsum stacks are the other waste byproduct. But it's less
         | problematic because it doesn't flow, it just sits. The low
         | level radiation prevents it's incorporation into commodity
         | products such as gypsum wall board.
         | 
         | The byproducts get conflated because for convenience the
         | radioactive gypsum waste from phosphate mining is used to
         | contain the acidic sludge from phosphate mining. But it's the
         | acidic sludge that is the fast acting ecological disaster. The
         | gypsum will give you cancer of course, but as Joe Jackson sings
         | everything gives you cancer. [1]
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsQyru5ACmA
        
           | victorhooi wrote:
           | > because essentially (not basically) it is acid'
           | 
           | Haha, I see what you did there...lol. Touche, good sir.
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > There's not much that can be done with it because
           | essentially (not basically) it is acid
           | 
           | Couldn't you neutralize it by (say) dumping in a bunch of
           | baking soda? Or lye? (Hm, what actually happens if you mix
           | sulfuric acid with lye? Do they neutralize each other, or
           | turn into something even nastier than the sum of its parts?
           | That'll teach me to blow off high school chemistry.)
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | There's far to much phosphate sludge for me to tackle. I
             | don't have access to that much lye.
             | 
             | Anyway, far brighter minds than mine have been looking at
             | for at least fifty years...Florida got serious about
             | phosphate ecology and water quality in the 1970's. The
             | gypsum stacks and sludge ponds exist because of water
             | quality regulations not the good will of industry.
             | 
             | https://floridadep.gov/water/mining-
             | mitigation/content/phosp...
        
             | jliptzin wrote:
             | Wouldn't you get the same reaction as the baking soda and
             | vinegar volcano experiment but on a huge scale?
        
             | jwmerrill wrote:
             | > what actually happens if you mix sulfuric acid with lye
             | 
             | This reaction produces sodium sulfate (a salt) plus water
             | and heat [1]. No idea if this is practical, though. Maybe
             | it's difficult to source sufficient quantities of some base
             | to neutralize the acid.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sulfate#Chemical
             | _indu...
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | There are alkaline wastes. Steelwork slag, power plant
               | fly ash, residues from concrete production, and, the big
               | one, what's left of bauxite after making aluminum. It's
               | probably possible to build a plant to combine them and
               | get some neutral-pH solid out. Still have a heavy metal
               | problem, though.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | Florida does not have steel production because it is
               | distant from both coal and iron ore. Same for Aluminum.
               | 
               | It does have portland cement production due to the
               | abundance of limestone near the surface. However,
               | portland cement production is more or less local
               | globally...or it's usually made relatively close to where
               | used. Conversely Florida's phosphate industry is a major
               | source globally. The scales are incomensurate.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | rvense wrote:
           | Is this the kind of mines that produce phosphate for
           | fertilizer?
        
             | dismalpedigree wrote:
             | Yes. That's exactly what it is used for. I don't recall the
             | exact amounts, but the Tampa Bay area produces a sizable
             | share of all phosphate in the world.
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | Just imagine the similar situations and much worse elsewhere in
       | the world. Mining rare elements and poisoning native lands.
       | Industrial titans have done an amazing job at shifting
       | environmental focus from pollution to an invisible, harmless gas.
       | 
       | Genetically engineering crops so we can spray them with
       | pesticides, I wonder where the wastewater from manufacturing
       | those pesticides goes. Probably into the Mississippi river.
        
       | BlueTemplar wrote:
       | So, how radioactiove exactly it is ?
       | 
       | I suppose it's the very bad kind of radioactive too, since water
       | can easily be ingested ?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Phosphate ores contain uranium. The gypsum picks up the decay
         | product radium, which is an alkaline earth element like
         | calcium. Radium emits gamma rays and alpha particles, and also
         | produces radon.
        
         | curryst wrote:
         | I don't think there are any kinds of radiation that are safe to
         | ingest. But yeah, I would guess it's gamma radiation.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Have you ever eaten a banana?
        
             | shagie wrote:
             | Following up on this... https://xkcd.com/radiation/
             | 
             | Eating a banana is slightly more radiation than living
             | within 50 miles of a nuclear power plant (and 1/3 the
             | amount from living within 50 miles of a coal plant).
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | My point is that some types of radiation carriers are easier
           | to ingest (or breathe in) than others.
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | I'm guessing "not very radioactive"
         | 
         | https://weather.com/news/news/2021-04-03-leak-at-florida-pho...
         | 
         | > Hopes said Saturday afternoon that snook live in the pond
         | that is in danger of collapsing and he has seen ducks swimming
         | on top of it.
        
           | ridethebike wrote:
           | Not great but not terrible
        
           | Bjartr wrote:
           | Something radioactive enough to significantly increase your
           | chances to have cancer in your lifetime can have no
           | indication at all at the time of exposure. It's one reason
           | it's important to be so careful about radioactive waste and
           | it's disposal.
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | So did animals in Chernobyl.
        
       | CapitalistCartr wrote:
       | I work there sometimes. They have a lady that rides around in a
       | golf cart, taking water samples and testing, fulltime. I suppose
       | thats their "aggressive monitoring".
        
       | csense wrote:
       | Is this waste a radiation hazard, or not?
       | 
       | The waste is a byproduct of fertilizer manufacturing and has
       | nothing to do with nuclear power or weapons. For that reason, I
       | doubt it's radioactive.
       | 
       | However, the article is contradictory on this point:
       | 
       | According to the article, Gov. DeSantis said the water "is not
       | radioactive."
       | 
       | Also according to the article, the Center for Biological
       | Diversity says "phosphogypsum is radioactive waste."
        
         | petertodd wrote:
         | It's very mildly radioactive due to trace amounts of naturally
         | occurring uranium and thorium (and the daughter isotopes they
         | decay into). Those elements are present because they're in
         | seawater, and the deposits it came from ultimately came from
         | seawater drying. The "phosphogypsum is radioactive waste" claim
         | is hype.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphogypsum
        
       | lolthishuman wrote:
       | Didn't someone just hack Florida's water or sewer system?
        
       | markhahn wrote:
       | Yes, but is the company still delivering profits to investors?
       | 
       | After all, our civilization depends on continuity of klepto-
       | capitalism...
        
       | foxhop wrote:
       | Industrial Agricultural is a biohazard. We need to embrace the
       | methods we used to feed ourselves for millions of years, with
       | nature instead of in opposition of nature.
       | 
       | Reference:
       | https://archive.org/details/permaculture1adesignersmanualbyb...
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | > we used to feed ourselves for millions of years
         | 
         | Use of fire at all emerged about 1.5 million years ago. Homo
         | Sapiens emerged about 300 thousand years ago. First signd of
         | any sort of agriculture are from about 15 thousand years ago.
         | Stone age ended and we got first bronze tools less than 10
         | thousand years ago.
         | 
         | The only method we have had "for millions of years" is hunter-
         | gathering with stone tools.
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | Not only this but ancient agriculture supported fewer humans
           | with a lot more work. This romanticized idea of growing food
           | the old fashioned way and forget today's busy way of life
           | omits the part of doing nothing but growing food from not
           | figuratively dawn to dusk. I spent some time in my youth
           | farming the old fashioned way: hand tools only, carrying
           | water from somewhere else, removing pests and weeds by hand.
           | It is a terribly labor intensive process that managed to
           | supplement my family's food needs but not eliminate the need
           | for purchased food by any means. We managed to do literally
           | nothing else. We certainly couldn't have fed anyone else
           | since we didn't have any kind of excess.
           | 
           | I don't like industrial food. It is killing the planet abs
           | pretty quickly. But it's not doing it because farmers are
           | evil. It's because it the cheapest way to produce food. If we
           | as a society want to go to a place where food costs 10-100x
           | as much while availability goes down by about the same
           | amount, let's figure out how we will prevent mass starvation
           | and population decline. But if the GP expects that farmers
           | will switch to compost abs hand tools, they should probably
           | expect to pay a lot more for a lot less food.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | I'd argue that the average western person's food budget
             | comes from:
             | 
             | 1) desire to eat << fresh >> foods out-of-season
             | (greenhouses, air transport, lengthy controlled-atmosphere
             | storage)
             | 
             | 2) feeding food to food and getting 1/10th back (feeding
             | corn to a cow)
             | 
             | 3) desire for labour-intensive foods. Potatoes can be
             | straightforward harvested from a field by a machine.
             | Alfalfa (or anything in a greenhouse) cannot.
             | 
             | I think the biggest barrier to going back to << the old way
             | >> is not having manufactured fertilizer. Nobody cares if
             | the water came by pump instead of by hand. But I supposed
             | over-watered at the end = more water in the product instead
             | of useful matter.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | Why stop there? Nutritional algae genetically engineered
               | to balance macro and micro nutrients with any artificial
               | flavor and texture surely is cheaper. Grow it in a jar at
               | home.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | At the end of the day, an algae farm is solar powered and
               | much lower yield than anything else you could grow with
               | the same energy input.
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | Alfalfa is baled by machines, no?
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | It's asparagus I was thinking about.
               | 
               | Was an issue in Germany:
               | 
               | https://m.dw.com/en/seasonal-workers-flock-to-germany-
               | for-as...
               | 
               | As with many labour-intensive crops, people want to eat
               | it, but not do the work involved themselves.
        
               | zokier wrote:
               | I wonder how much improved robotics will change the
               | picture. Labor intensive practices and crops might become
               | more feasible if we can get robots to do that labor.
               | Afaik agriculture is already moving in that direction
               | with very fancy advanced tractors etc (I don't actually
               | know anything about ag).
               | 
               | One issue that I foresee is that if something needs a
               | very specialized robot, then the market might not be big
               | enough to warrant the development cost. Undoubtedly it
               | makes lot of sense to automate something like wheat or
               | whatnot bulk crop because there is just tons of that
               | around. But asparagus or something might be too niche?
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | _As with many labour-intensive crops, people want to eat
               | it, but not do the work involved themselves._
               | 
               | Ah, yes. The best asparagus is hand-picked the day of
               | consumption, and it would be ideal if picked by the
               | people eating it. I grew up in an area that used to have
               | asparagus fields, so asparagus grew "wild" along the
               | fences and ditchbanks. I would occasionally help my
               | parents cut the day's wild asparagus for dinner. I hated
               | it as a kid, but really grew to appreciate how good fresh
               | asparagus is when compared to what has to be mass
               | produced and shipped, because, as you say, nobody wants
               | to do the labor.
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | I live in a rural area with farming and fishing as main
         | industries. Many of the farms are family owned due to the
         | limited land area here (island). Farmers want to grow food for
         | people many have done it for generations. The rural area and
         | nature is what they love. They want to grow food in a way
         | that's as healthy as possible they don't want to deal with
         | agricultural herbicides and pesticides.
         | 
         | But many people are in denial about how much work is needed to
         | grow the food that feeds everyone. Crop yields need to be high
         | and costs low at the grocery store end but farmers often only
         | get around 200 dollars per ton for their hard effort.
         | 
         | Here's an old article from my region:
         | https://www.theguardian.pe.ca/opinion/it-costs-a-pile-to-gro...
         | 
         | * Land $3 to $5 million
         | 
         | * Equipment $1 million
         | 
         | * Storage $1 million (shared/co-op or separate organization)
         | 
         | * Farmer profit ~$20,000 (16 hour days all spring/summer/fall)
         | - other costs and taxes
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | A first good step would be to add the external cost of
         | fertilizers to the price. We are all paying for the destruction
         | of oceans, the result of using fossil fuels in the production
         | chain, and the by-product which get stored in large pools like
         | this, and yet they can easily out compete more ecological
         | minded production since the cost get applied to society at
         | large rather than the industrial farm that bought the
         | fertilizer.
        
         | a_crc wrote:
         | Millions of years? Agriculture is less than 120,000 years old
         | by most accounts. Are you suggesting the bulk of humanity
         | returns to hunting and gathering? Even then accounts of early
         | human history have us emerging less than a million years ago. I
         | think permaculture practices have their benefits but that kind
         | of hyperbole doesn't help the cause.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | You mean cut the world population by order of magnitude and
         | have majority of the populace slave on fields for a pittance.
         | Sounds delightful.
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | Have you read their link? That doesn't seem like the
           | charitable interpretation of their views, though I share your
           | desire to avoid that fate.
        
           | foobiter wrote:
           | americans literally killed millions of bison for no reason,
           | that was one example of a food source that would have been
           | near infinite if managed correctly
        
           | foxhop wrote:
           | That's not at all what I said or mean.
           | 
           | Working with nature means using natural systems to produce
           | food with less human energy and fossil fuels, and chemicals,
           | and cutting down forests.
           | 
           | A quick quote from the referenced work:
           | 
           | """ The pragmatic and practical approach to the main body of
           | this work largely omits reference to those visions or beliefs
           | classifiable as spiritual or mystical; not because these are
           | not a normal part of human experience, but because they are
           | arrived at as a result of long contemplation or intense
           | involvement with the mysteries that eternally surround us.
           | 
           | We may "dream" understanding, but it is something we cannot
           | demand, define, or teach to others; it is for each of us to
           | develop. There are things that nobody else can help us with,
           | but in a book written to help people make real-life
           | decisions, to build new landscapes, to regenerate damaged
           | forests, and to lighten our load on earth, the present need
           | is for clear and practical approaches. In the preceding
           | chapters, well-tried and common- sense techniques and
           | strategies of earth restoration have been described and
           | figured.
           | 
           | All of this comes to naught if we, as a people, continue to
           | invest in arms and destruction, to permit land abuse, and to
           | fail to tackle the social and political impediments to
           | reclaiming desertified and abused lands, or even to prevent
           | the poisoning of land. Thus, the following sections give
           | strategies for change in the social and economic areas of
           | society.
           | 
           | These strategies may, in fact, be of more assistance to real
           | change than the skills of land management, for society has
           | far more competent farmers and engineers than it has ethical
           | ... """
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | > produce food with less human energy and fossil fuels, and
             | chemicals, and cutting down forests
             | 
             | It requires less input, less labor, less land --- why isn't
             | it already trashing the market by simply being much
             | cheaper?
        
               | jayjader wrote:
               | Not that this is a sure-fire explanation, but off the top
               | of my head I can think of at least 2 industries that
               | would have vested interests in suppressing permaculture:
               | pesticides & fertilizers. Annecdotally, many farmers here
               | in France are straight up taught their trade by
               | instructional material made by fertilizer, pesticide, and
               | seed/grain manufacturers. So they might not even be aware
               | of potential "better" options.
               | 
               | An imperfect analogy is that legalizing cannabis requires
               | less labor & more funds than keeping it illegal, yet
               | we're still hesitating to do that in many countries.
               | 
               | Humans (and thus most markets) have other incentives than
               | simply having things for cheaper.
        
       | antattack wrote:
       | Results of a leak that happened in 1997:
       | 
       | "amid heavy rains, a dam broke atop one of two gypsum stacks at
       | the Mulberry Phosphates plant on State Road 60, unleashing a
       | 56-million gallon spill of the acidic wastewater into the Alafia
       | River. The pollution killed everything in its path for 42 miles,
       | eventually rolling into Hillsborough Bay. The death toll included
       | more than 1 million baitfish and shellfish and 72,900 gamefish
       | near the river's mouth, 377 acres of damaged trees and other
       | vegetation along the riverbank, and an unknown number of
       | alligators. When state officials hit the company with a
       | multimillion-dollar fine for the damage done, it declared
       | bankruptcy and shut down."
       | 
       | https://www.sarasotamagazine.com/news-and-profiles/2017/04/f...
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | Recently, during a rainstorm, a pesticide leaked from
         | containers in a parking lot into the creek, killing all the
         | amphibians in the creek for miles. And life goes on, just a
         | little less nice than it used to be. i.e. its not just the big
         | disasters that matter, but the countless little ones too.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | daniellarusso wrote:
         | Don't forget what happened in the early 2000s, hauling it and
         | dumping in the Gulf of Mexico:
         | 
         | https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/07/17/barge-sets-out-t...
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | > When state officials hit the company with a multimillion-
         | dollar fine for the damage done, it declared bankruptcy and
         | shut down.
         | 
         | This makes me furious. The employees and directors all go about
         | their lives elsewhere with nary a scratch despite causing such
         | a disaster. This is the problem with capitalism. Privatize
         | profits, socialize losses. The only solution is to force
         | companies to put up bonds or insurance sufficient to ensure
         | this kind of devastation is properly paid for by private
         | parties.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | I feel compelled, from the tone of the comment, to point this
           | out:
           | 
           | Limited liability isn't some surprise side effect of a
           | corporation's legal structure, it is often right there in the
           | name (Ltd, LLC, Pty Ltd, etc).
           | 
           | Yes that structure lets people get away with harmful
           | shenanigans. The system is biased towards optimism. Feature,
           | not bug. The benefits and strengths of this have so far
           | completely outweighed the costs to the point where the
           | argument against limited liability no longer has a leg to
           | stand on.
           | 
           | The bonds and insurance idea is a much better way to play the
           | situation.
        
             | mycall wrote:
             | I think it is too early to measure the long term effects,
             | saying the benefits completely outweigh the costs. For the
             | investors, you are absolutely right. For the land and
             | ecology 100 years from now, not so much. Stealing the
             | health of tomorrow for gains today.
        
             | voisin wrote:
             | Limited Liability refers to the suppliers of capital, which
             | often differ from the employees and directors that are
             | responsible for the issues like in the article. I am fine
             | with this since there is no moral hazard, but the parties
             | involved / responsible should not be able to take their
             | bonuses, click bankrupt and restart elsewhere under a new
             | name. Society needs more protection, clearly.
        
               | owl_troupe wrote:
               | This is an accurate description of limited liability. It
               | does not blanketly shield corporations from liability,
               | only shareholders (and there are exceptions to this as
               | well).
               | 
               | In fact, in Florida--as well as many other jurisdictions
               | in the US--there is a special category of torts that
               | cover liability for ultrahazarous activities and apply
               | strict liability. There are cases that have specifically
               | dealt with the impoundment of large quantities of water.
               | 
               | Bunyak v. Clyde J. Yancey & Sons Dairy, Inc., 438 So.2d
               | 891 (Fla. App. 2 Dist. 1983). Cities Service Co. v.
               | State, 312 So.2d 799 (Fla. App. 2 Dist. 1975).[1]
               | 
               | Note the facts the latter case, Cities, dealt with:
               | 
               | >The appellant, Cities Service Company (Cities Service),
               | operates a phosphate rock mine in Polk County. On
               | December 3, 1971, a dam break occurred in one of Cities
               | Service's settling ponds. As a result, approximately one
               | billion gallons of phosphate slimes contained therein
               | escaped into Whidden Creek and thence into the Peace
               | River, thereby killing countless numbers of fish and
               | inflicting other damage.
               | 
               | >Appellee, The State of Florida (State), filed suit
               | against Cities Service seeking injunctive relief as well
               | as compensatory and punitive damages arising out of the
               | dam break.
               | 
               | It is absolutely true that the way that corporations have
               | escaped liability for these activities is to "socialize
               | losses" as an OP has aptly stated. In this situation, the
               | prior owner went bankrupt and handed this major liablity
               | to the state to maintain for years and when it breaks,
               | the state (possibly federal) taxpayers and the
               | environment will bear the loss.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1849457/cities-
               | service...
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | The insurance company paid out the fines; they went
               | bankrupt because they couldn't possibly continue to
               | operate without massive hikes to their insurance (if they
               | even could get more).
               | 
               | If they move on and start something again that is
               | potentially dangerous, it is on the new insurance company
               | to do some diligence in rating the risk of bad behavior.
        
             | wtfiswiththis wrote:
             | What the fuk are you even talking about.
        
             | soulofmischief wrote:
             | Limited liability doesn't shield you from criminal
             | negligence, which is what such things should be classified
             | as.
        
             | loveistheanswer wrote:
             | >The benefits and strengths of this have so far completely
             | outweighed the costs to the point where the argument
             | against limited liability no longer has a leg to stand on.
             | 
             | What data points did you include in your calculation which
             | led you to that conclusion?
        
           | js2 wrote:
           | > The only solution is to force companies to put up bonds or
           | insurance sufficient to ensure this kind of devastation is
           | properly paid for by private parties.
           | 
           | Agreed, but in this case, it apparently was paid for by
           | insurance. The next sentence in the paragraph antattack
           | quoted is: "(Its insurance company wound up footing the
           | bill.)"
           | 
           | It's still horrible from an environmental perspective, but at
           | least Florida taxpayers didn't pay the cleanup bill.
        
           | sanguy wrote:
           | Hunt them down. Make them drink it.
        
           | darkerside wrote:
           | This seems like mostly schadenfreude. What does it matter to
           | you if they pay or we all do, _assuming_ that we have more
           | than enough as a society to pay for it, i.e. the benefits of
           | capitalism outweigh the losses.
           | 
           | The only impact is potential moral hazard, but that could be
           | prevented with loss of licenses, etc.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | > What does it matter to you if they pay or we all do
             | 
             | Because when you know you'll be held personally
             | responsible, you'll act accordingly. If you feel like you
             | can act any way you want without repercussion, then you'll
             | automatically take more risks. Usually this is the way we
             | justify the salaries of CEOs as well, "they are the
             | ultimate responsible for everything in the company, so high
             | salary is needed for that big risk".
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | > The only impact is potential moral hazard, but that
               | could be prevented with loss of licenses, etc.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Repeating what you've already written (or outright
               | copying it verbatim / quoting yourself) is hardly a
               | effective strategy of making yourself better understood
               | via the internet. You'll do better by expanding or
               | simplifying your point of view instead.
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | It seemed like you missed the part where I pointed out
               | that there are other ways than monetary to prevent
               | undesirable behavior. These people can be jailed or lose
               | the ability to work in this industry. The situation is
               | not an indictment of capitalism, it's an example of a
               | poorly handled situation.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Thanks for further clarifying!
               | 
               | Being jailed or loosing the ability to work in a industry
               | isn't necessarily better for everyone involved, if the
               | person is actually normally good at what they do.
               | 
               | A monetary fee for causing a disaster feels extra well in
               | place for positions that people generally take for their
               | monetary compensation as well (board, director,
               | presidents, C* and so on).
        
             | EvanAnderson wrote:
             | Individual accountability for corporate misdeeds might act
             | as a deterrent to future misdeeds. Sarbaines-Oxley has some
             | of this in it, if memory serves.
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | It matters because of the incentives and penalties that
             | lead to capitalist companies making bad decisions.
             | 
             | If someone runs a mine where a leak could cost society $1B,
             | but they personally make $1M off the outputs, that's a huge
             | net negative for society and a huge net positive for the
             | mine owner. The government has lots of money but their
             | capacity to absorb consequences is not infinite. If the
             | actors in question were personally liable, had accurate
             | estimates of risk and loss, _and knew they would be
             | personally liable_ , they would probablt make better
             | decisions. As it is today, they know they can make lots of
             | money and the risk assessment doesn't matter because they
             | can just walk away.
             | 
             | It matters to me because I want people to want to do things
             | that are good for society and also good for them, rather
             | than bad for society and good for them.
             | 
             | We either need to do something like that or find a way to
             | reintroduce morality to amoral, purely fiscally motivated
             | corporations... fixing incentive structures so their fiscal
             | motivations cause them to make better choices seems far
             | easier to me.
        
             | voisin wrote:
             | I think the word "potential" is optimistic. It 100% leads
             | to moral hazard. We've seen this time and again in a
             | variety of industries. If the parties involved - the actual
             | people and not the corporations that are easily bankrupted
             | and replaced with new corporations with the same people -
             | are not held fully responsible then it will just keep
             | happening.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | If it's enabled by capitalism, how do we explain Chernobyl,
           | or the fouling of soil by China's rate earth mining, etc?
           | 
           | Have the management and employees of Soviet era enviro
           | disasters gone to jail?
        
             | BobbyJo wrote:
             | Yeah, I think people conflate 'capitalism' and
             | 'insufficient regulation'. Capitalism is a framework that
             | requires regulation, even more so than communism or
             | socialism, since the regulations are what defines how the
             | markets work.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | I think "insufficient regulation" is an almost necessary
               | byproduct of capitalism. The search for profits leads to
               | regulatory capture in every capitalist society I am aware
               | of. I think this is because it is easier and cheaper to
               | do things like lobby and have a revolving door with
               | regulators and private industry than it is to actually
               | compete with others. Competition is hard.
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | They didn't say that capitalism caused the problems, they
             | said that capitalism allowed the shirking of
             | responsibility.
        
             | jonnycomputer wrote:
             | X is enabled by Y does not preclude X being enabled by Z.
             | That's only when its an if and only if, but that isn't the
             | case here. Capitalism and Soviet Communism are neither the
             | only alternative social structures, nor some kind of
             | logical negations of each other.
             | 
             | tl;dr would be: logical fallacy!
        
               | jonnycomputer wrote:
               | >If it's enabled by capitalism, how do we explain
               | Chernobyl
               | 
               | I don't know why I'm being treated like this for posting
               | an obvious truth. Both capitalism and communism have both
               | been root causes for environmental disasters. The
               | question posed is not some clever rebuttal to blaming
               | capitalism, but a simple mistake of reasoning. I guess
               | I'm sorry to have been the one to point it out.
        
             | cortic wrote:
             | The owners of Chernobyl (the government) didn't declare
             | bankruptcy and piss off, they spent massive moneys
             | containing the problem. So, socialize profits, socialize
             | losses.
             | 
             | Trying to stop catastrophes from happening needs regulation
             | and incentives, both of these things are broken in
             | capitalism by its nature. But its not impossible to have
             | regulation and incentives in either capitalist or socialist
             | projects.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | Counting on government to hold itself liable for
               | environmental damage is a proven bad default.
        
               | natmaka wrote:
               | The USSR government collapsed a few years after the
               | Chernobyl disaster and didn't foot the bill of most of
               | its costs.
               | 
               | It now costs huge amounts of money to Belarus, which gov
               | has nothing to do with USSR nuclear projects.
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53727243
               | 
               | The European Union gave (and, until now, gives) huge
               | amounts of money in order to contain the problem, for
               | example the sarcophagus.
               | https://time.com/5255663/chernobyl-disaster-book-
               | anniversary...
        
               | ohyeshedid wrote:
               | Both examples of socialized losses.
        
       | lsllc wrote:
       | There's the old Indigenous American saying which seems apropos:
       | 
       | "When the last tree has been cut down, the last fish caught, the
       | last river poisoned, only then will we realize that one cannot
       | eat money."
        
         | alacombe wrote:
         | Yet, natives in Canada are slaughtering wildlife like no
         | others...
        
         | novaleaf wrote:
         | Old as in circa 1970's.
         | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/10/20/last-tree-cut/
         | 
         | Still a great saying though.
        
       | Nodraak wrote:
       | _TL;DR: eating 1 kg of phosphogypsum each day yields 36 mSv
       | /year. Conclusion: very very far from life-threatening ; nobody
       | is going to die or get cancer because of this._
       | 
       | Oh God. This is Fukushima radioactive waters all again. I'm
       | pissed: global warming is serious, and nuclear is our best bet.
       | We dont need this fear-mongering non sense.
       | 
       | Anyway, let's get to the facts and see how radioactive and
       | dangerous this thing actually is. Methodologie from
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_equivalent_dose, section
       | "Source of radioactivity".
       | 
       | Here is the data:                   1. Central Florida
       | phosphogypsum averages 26 pCi/g radium         2. Radium: 10**-7
       | Sv/Bq
       | 
       | This gives: 26 pCi/g radium * 3.7 * 10**10 Bq/Ci * 10**-7 Sv/Bq
       | (radium) = 0.100 mSv per Kg of phosphogypsum So, if someone eats
       | 1 kg of phosphogypsum per day, that would be 0.100 * 365 = 36
       | mSv/year.
       | 
       | Background dose is 5-10 mSv/year, a plane pilot or X-Ray machine
       | operator gets around 25-50 mSv/year, an astronaut something like
       | 500 mSv/year.
       | 
       | So, eating 365 kg per year will yield a higher than background
       | dose, but nothing dangerous. I mean, it's probably dangerous to
       | eat so much of this chemical stuff, but not because of
       | radioactivity.
       | 
       | Sources:                   1. https://web.archive.org/web/2015021
       | 9224641/http://www1.fipr.state.fl.us/PhosphatePrimer/0/684AE64864
       | D115FE85256F88007AC781         2. https://web.archive.org/web/201
       | 21026093251/https://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/docs/federal/520-1-88-02
       | 0.pdf - Page 156 and following ; p175 for Radium         3.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphogypsum
        
       | ratsmack wrote:
       | >At a press conference Sunday morning, DeSantis said officials
       | are pumping out 33 million gallons of water a day from the pond,
       | and that the water "is not radioactive," although another
       | official added that the water is "not water we want to see
       | leaving the site."
       | 
       | Maybe the title needs to be changed.
       | 
       | Edit:
       | 
       | >Phosphogypsum is the "radioactive waste" left over from
       | processing phosphate ore into a state that can be used for
       | fertilizer, according to the Center for Biological Diversity.
       | 
       | I guess the article has conflicting information.
        
       | CrazyCatDog wrote:
       | This coming at the heels of Matt Gaetz suggesting that Miami with
       | in abundant clean resources can become a crypto mining Mecca.
       | What endless flow of energy you ask? Nuclear... (can't find the
       | link all that comes up is the sex trafficking charge)
        
         | dismalpedigree wrote:
         | This has nothing to do with nuclear power. The radiation is
         | naturally occurring. Its just a huge accumulation of it in one
         | place.
        
       | IAmEveryone wrote:
       | Quotes for the ages:
       | 
       |  _" The water meets water quality standards for marine waters
       | with the exception of pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and
       | total ammonia nitrogen,"_
       | 
       | "Marine water" itself will kill with three or four easy gulps,
       | but I guess this wastewater is going into the ocean? It still
       | sounds a bit too much like "yellow, except for the color, which
       | is blue". Plus I'd expect any industrial wastewater to have lots
       | of fun contaminants they haven't tested for and/or just don't
       | have explicit limits set.
       | 
       |  _" A very aggressive monitoring operation"_
       | 
       | There's a term I've been missing my whole life. It's my go-to
       | action item priority one from now on when faced with...
       | 
       | "... everything possible to prevent a true catastrophe."
       | 
       | And untrue catastrophe?
        
         | iudqnolq wrote:
         | I like the color quote. What's it a reference to? I got no hits
         | on google.
        
           | jb0x168 wrote:
           | Probably not what they were referencing, but it made me think
           | of "The Expert" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKorP55Aqvg
        
         | CapitalistCartr wrote:
         | The stack in danger of breaching was filled 8 years ago with
         | sea water from dredging the port, and it is supporting wild
         | life now, for what that's worth. In my experience, flora and
         | fauna will grow under nearly any conditions, though.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | Phosphate industry waste water has a pH of 1.5-2. The ponds
           | are sterile and a lovely azure despite what Google Maps
           | shows. Nothing grows on their banks naturally, though with
           | substantial remediation over a couple of decades, it's
           | possible to surround the pond with a ring of pines and
           | grass...this is the Florida phosphate industry's "land and
           | lakes" program.
           | 
           | From time to time Florida developers have built housing
           | developments on "land and lakes" tracts. It usually ends
           | badly because the ground is unstable (still settling after
           | all being mined), though post-tensioned prestressed concrete
           | slab foundations can be used to reduce cracking (but not
           | eventually uneven floors).
           | 
           | In my experience with phosphate industry sludge ponds,
           | nothing much grows. I just looked at aerials from a tract
           | southeast of Bartow that was under consideration for
           | development in 1997. It had been out of service for almost
           | twenty years back then. The ponds are no longer obviously
           | toxic, but there is still does not appear to be normal
           | Florida native vegetation along any of the shorelines.
           | 
           | Not surprising given how acidic phosphate sludge water is.
           | 
           | The fact that sea water can be stored in the leaking stacks
           | over in Manatee county speaks to how sterile they are. The
           | salinity of seawater is deadly to typical terrestrial plants.
        
             | CapitalistCartr wrote:
             | After 57 years, I'm all too familiar with phosphate mining,
             | but these ponds are _not_ sterile. A lot of stuff is
             | growing there.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | This, https://www.google.com/maps/place/Manatee+County,+F
               | L/@27.640...
               | 
               | Traditionally, Floridians call them "sludge ponds" as
               | here, https://www.gainesville.com/news/20160929/mosaic-
               | says-tests-...
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | And even flourish - lack of humans more than compensates high
           | radioactivity levels, as the Tchernobyl example has shown.
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | It's not the radioactivity, it's the pH of 1.5-2. It kills
             | most organisms quickly. There's no long term for long term
             | radiation effects to manifest.
        
       | freeopinion wrote:
       | Nevada is currently considering a "Bad Actors in Mining" bill to
       | ban individuals from future business opportunities if they walk
       | away without proper cleanup.
       | 
       | https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/81st2021/Bill/7477...
        
         | freeopinion wrote:
         | I'll just put this out there:
         | 
         | Let's say a company spends 50 years building up acid ponds or
         | radioactive tailings or what have you. Then new management
         | comes on board and is appalled and tries to start cleaning
         | things up, but realizes they are falling farther behind, so
         | they divert more and more resources to cleaning up. And it
         | drives the company into the ground because the cleanup now
         | costs more money than the company's revenues.
         | 
         | We punish the current management if they close down to prevent
         | making things worse? We let the millionaires from the last 50
         | years ride off into the sunset and pin it on the last one out
         | the door?
         | 
         | Edit: typos
        
           | dunce2021 wrote:
           | Yes, capitalism is very gay that way
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | > "For every ton of phosphoric acid produced, the fertilizer
       | industry creates 5 tons of radioactive phosphogypsum waste..."
       | 
       | Is that correct? That sounds unsustainable, as well as
       | unprofitable.
       | 
       | Also, is it safe to presume that if the cost of proper disposal
       | was reflected in the price of food, food would be significantly
       | more expensive?
       | 
       | Finally, are there particular foods this is used for?
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | Almost every crop. The problem is also that those phosphorous
         | fertilizer are horribly inefficient , plants dont absorb much
         | and most of it gets leached. So out of this 1 ton not a lot
         | gets absorbed by the plants.
         | 
         | To this, we need to add the fact that phosphorous reserves are
         | limited, some estimate that we will reach the peak P in 2030.
         | 
         | Maybe then we will be forced to think about more sustainable
         | approaches?
        
         | samus wrote:
         | In the past, people used their own manure and that of animals
         | to fertilize fields. Manure contains lots of phosphorus as
         | animals actually absorb only a small percentage from nutrition.
         | 
         | Urbanization broke this cycle. Sewer systems got established
         | and the phosphorus doesn't end up on the fields anymore. It
         | eventually reaches the rivers and seas and passes into the
         | sediment. What a waste (pun intended). Instead, people started
         | to mine graveyards (for bones) and guano on remote pacific
         | islands...
         | 
         | Edit: Urine might work even better because reprocessing it is
         | way simpler than dealing with manure. The nitrate and sodium
         | levels have to be adjusted. Also, excreted pharmaceuticals have
         | to be neutralized. Meanwhile, with manure one has to deal with
         | pathogens, eggs of parasitic worms and a host of other
         | ingredients, which might be difficult to predict in urban
         | settings.
        
           | nitrogen wrote:
           | The processed sludge from sewer plants is still sometimes
           | used as a fertilizer.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Phosphate is the most limiting long term global mineral
         | resource. Eventually we're going to have to mine it from
         | average rocks (at 0.1% concentration). There is no substitute
         | if you want agriculture.
        
           | [deleted]
        
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