[HN Gopher] Does LEED Certification Save Energy? Evidence from F...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Does LEED Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Federal
       Buildings
        
       Author : throw0101a
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2021-04-02 12:20 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nber.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nber.org)
        
       | stakkur wrote:
       | TL;DR:
       | 
       |  _We have two primary findings. First, our estimates show no
       | effect of LEED certification on average energy consumption
       | measured in kBTUs /ft2. Second, the absence ofan effect seems to
       | be driven by trade-offs across LEED attributes. Buildings with
       | higherenergy scores have greater energy efficiency post-
       | certification. Some other attributes, no-tably higher water
       | scores, decrease energy efficiency post-certification. These
       | trade-offs across LEED attributes seems to account for the
       | absence of energy savings on average._
        
       | ensignavenger wrote:
       | The article points out that LEED certification is about more than
       | just energy efficiency, and a building can obtain LEED
       | certification without being energy efficient by focusing on other
       | LEED areas.
        
         | fatnoah wrote:
         | I worked in a LEED gold building. One summer weekend, I stopped
         | by the office to pick something up and noticed that the AC was
         | still fully operational and keeping the building cool, despite
         | there being no one in the building.
        
       | alricb wrote:
       | But then we already knew that.
       | 
       | https://www.buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-007-p...
        
       | bjt2n3904 wrote:
       | The frustration I have with environmentalism is this. There's
       | this enthusiasm for environmentalism that seems to be blind to
       | outcome. A new standard for buildings, cars, circuit boards --
       | whatever -- is met with accolades. However, the opponents of such
       | a standard clearly want the planet to die and suffer. It's time
       | to listen to science!
       | 
       | Then a decade later, the program is assessed, and found to be
       | ineffective, and the same people who were so enthusiastic shake
       | their heads as if they've always known there would be such
       | problems.
       | 
       | Fun story! Bureaucracy doesn't solve problems, it creates them!
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | There's a reason the modern environmental movement largely
         | started in California.
         | 
         | Cadillac Desert, a history of modern water policy, will turn
         | any one into a treehugger.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Desert
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Desert_(film)
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR2BSGQt2DU
         | 
         | The histories for air, land, and sea are similarly shocking,
         | depressing.
        
         | blacktriangle wrote:
         | "There's this enthusiasm for environmentalism that seems to be
         | blind to outcome."
         | 
         | I am completely stealing this line, because it explains the
         | modern environmental movement perfectly. I've argued with so
         | many people about the Paris Accords and how they are a terrible
         | idea. Why? Because they heap regulation on the West while
         | sending money to China and India who have no obligation to
         | improve their environmental policy. This will result in even
         | more manufacturing leaving the semi-regulated West and moving
         | to totally unregulated China which will increase net pollution,
         | and that's before you factor in transit pollution.
         | 
         | Nobody can explain to me why this is wrong and that Paris
         | Accords are actually terrible for the global environment, but
         | its still awful the US wouldn't sign them because "we have to
         | do something!"
        
           | roflulz wrote:
           | Both China and India have lower CO2 emissions per capita than
           | the US....
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Because they heap regulation on the West while sending
           | money to China and India who have no obligation to improve
           | their environmental policy._
           | 
           | Both China and India are signatories of the Paris Accords.
           | They are aiming to meet their targets. The US, at least for
           | the four previous years, wasn't even in the Accords and not
           | trying to do much in that time.
           | 
           | There are no regulations in the Accords, just a goal with
           | regards to carbon emissions. If you want minimal regulations
           | to achieve that, either introduce a cap-and-trade system
           | (like Bush 41 did for acid rain), or introduce price
           | signalling via carbon pricing, as recommended from four
           | former Federal Reserve chairs (including Greenspan):
           | 
           | * https://www.carbonpricingleadership.org/news/2019/1/17/form
           | e...
           | 
           | > _Nobody can explain to me why this is wrong and that Paris
           | Accords are actually terrible for the global environment, but
           | its still awful the US wouldn 't sign them because "we have
           | to do something!"_
           | 
           | Perhaps no one can explain why it's wrong because it is _not
           | wrong_? The Paris Accords are not about  "the global
           | environment", they are specifically about _one thing_ :
           | carbon emission. Specifically reducing them by a certain
           | amount.
           | 
           | Why do you think reducing them is bad?
        
             | blacktriangle wrote:
             | Reducing them is great. Trusting China to self-regulate
             | their emissions is the height of stupidity. Us paying China
             | to then turn around and lie is even dumber yet.
             | 
             | Want to reduce CO2? You'll need to embargo China and then
             | start ramping up domestic regulation.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Reducing emissions by triggering World War Three is a
               | plan, I suppose.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | I've always liked the term " _not on my watch_ ". It
               | probably derives from the maritime world, but is useful
               | in my sysadmin career.
               | 
               | In many (larger) organizations you cannot ensure
               | everything is running smoothly all the time. But you can
               | look after everything in your own (IT) wheel house.
               | 
               | As a Canadian I cannot do much about China's (or India's)
               | action, but I can do stuff about what happens in Toronto,
               | Ontario, Canada, where I live.
               | 
               | So I will push for progress where I can, with the things
               | under 'my watch', because it is the right thing to do.
               | Doing the right thing yourself is sometimes the only
               | thing you can do.
        
               | blacktriangle wrote:
               | The thing about global pollution, it's global. The actors
               | you are pushing to progress don't have to stick around,
               | they can just pick up and move. If you clean up your
               | house, you didn't really clean up the problem, you just
               | moved it somewhere else, making the problem worse.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | The biggest issue I see is that LEEDs allow for a building that
       | looks like a big heat exchanger, and has zero heat insulation to
       | certify for high power efficiency in a cold climate.
       | 
       | Canada, and Toronto area had tons of LEEDs certed luxury condos
       | being heated like no tomorrow in Winter.
       | 
       | Things are even worse in Vancouver, but that's offset by milder
       | weather.
       | 
       | The opposite picture is there in hot climates.
       | 
       | Building with exposed balcony slabs, and curtainwalls in +40Cdeg
       | climates, guzzling electricity for aircons.
       | 
       | I think the West needs to look up more for economical building
       | designs from nations living in extremes.
       | 
       | Gulf countries learned how to build economically in +50Cdeg
       | 
       | Nordic ones for -30Cdeg in Winter
       | 
       | None of them spend as much as US, and Western Europe on heating,
       | or cooling despite way more severe climates.
       | 
       | Building operation is 40% of US total energy bill if we believe
       | CTBUH https://www.researchgate.net/figure/US-Energy-Consumption-
       | by... . And 40% of building energy bill in US is space heating
       | https://www.epa.gov/rhc/rhc-multi-unit-housing
       | 
       | All those vanities like PV panels, solar water heaters, rainwater
       | collection, turbines, etc -- all totally pale in comparison to
       | just proper thermal design of a building, and slashing its
       | heating bill.
        
         | etimberg wrote:
         | I live in an apartment in Toronto that is LEED certified. To be
         | honest, it's not that great but for different reasons than you
         | outlines. The insulation is too good and so the building is too
         | warm all year round. My unit can easily be > 24C without any
         | heating running even in winter.
        
           | thescriptkiddie wrote:
           | Insulation doesn't simply make a building warmer inside, it
           | keeps heat out just as well as it keeps heat in. If your
           | apartment is too warm in the winter it is probably because
           | you have too much sunlight coming through your windows, or
           | because your downstairs neighbor lives in a sauna.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | Keeping heat out is of somewhat limited use unless you have
             | air conditioning, because there are a whole bunch of
             | sources of heat (people, appliances, solar gain through the
             | windows, etc) that are enough to make the inside of a well-
             | insulated and well-sealed building warmer than the outside.
             | Also, a lot of non-US countries strongly discourage aircon
             | on residential buildings for environmental reasons; I know
             | the UK certainly does and Canada is probably similar.
        
           | julianlam wrote:
           | Are you sure it's because of the insulation? Many condos are
           | sweltering in the middle spring (even with heat off) because
           | residents living on floors below yours crank the heat and it
           | all rises.
           | 
           | When I lived in a condo (Bloor/Yonge), the situation was so
           | bad (12th floor) that if it hit 12degC outside, I needed to
           | turn on the A/C, which is awful from an environmental POV.
        
             | reedjosh wrote:
             | This and most modern buildings are heated and cooled via a
             | central heating/cooling system which distributes the
             | hot/cold via water.
             | 
             | So, it may be even though you don't have the heat 'on'
             | there is still hot water running through your apartment's
             | heating system.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | Yep, and this is why central control, along with
               | temperature sensors make a giant lot of sense to prevent
               | such situation.
               | 
               | A simple thermostat is not enough, and even a PID one
               | will not do the job if external thermal influx is not in
               | the model.
               | 
               | I once worked on a HVAC controller for hotels in
               | Singapore, and other commercial venues which helped the
               | hotel operator to save on HVAC by packing visitors more
               | closely depending on occupancy.
               | 
               | This avoid paradoxical situations of it being chilling
               | cold in some suites with zero aircon use when it is +30
               | outside because of an unlucky combination of HVAC
               | settings in neighbouring suites.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Doesn't all this imply there should be more focus on
               | inter-floor and inter-room insulation, to effectively
               | isolate floors/apartments/suites thermally from each
               | other?
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Quite possible parent was heating the loop water with
               | their a/c which the North-facing residents extracted
               | running their system in heat mode.
               | 
               | Which makes it all an incredibly inefficient system to
               | move heat from the sun-facing side to the north side
               | because you're not allowed to prop open the damn doors.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | chrisabrams wrote:
           | Is it possible that all of your neighbors in your building
           | have their heater on? This is what happened to me in a
           | building in NYC. It would actually get so warm in the winter
           | I would have to crack the window open or I would get a nose
           | bleed.
        
             | fortran77 wrote:
             | That's by design!
             | 
             | See:
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-05/the-
             | curio...
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | As someone who also lives in Toronto: most things being
             | built now are giant class towers.
             | 
             | Now, glass sucks at insulation (even triple glaze), but--
             | depending on the coatings--it lets in a lot of sun light
             | and with that potentially heat.
             | 
             | While in a perfect world there would be no / minimal
             | exchange between the inside of the structure and the
             | outside,+ being too warm may be better than being too cold,
             | as I'm guessing that it's easier to throw away the 'free'
             | heat of the sun away than introducing it in winter.
             | Certainly heat pumps can go either way, but I figure that
             | it's easier to dump it.
             | 
             | + The entire point of "buildings" are to be environmental
             | separators after all.
        
               | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
               | >giant class towers.
               | 
               | That is an excellent typo.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >or I would get a nose bleed.
             | 
             | Are nose bleeds associated with high temperatures?
        
               | will4274 wrote:
               | Yes. I'm not completely sure the mechanism, but I
               | attended elementary school in a warm climate, at a school
               | in which the hallways were exterior and only classrooms
               | air conditioned. I reliably got nosebleeds on the three
               | or four hottest days of th year in line for class.
        
               | kbelder wrote:
               | I think dry air is a larger driver, but that often comes
               | with excessive interior temperatures.
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | Yep, but probably it has nothing to do with LEEDs, but just
           | Canadian own construction experience that is not even code
           | mandated.
           | 
           | LEEDs for example allows for buildings with completely
           | catastrophical thermal design to get certified: https://uploa
           | d.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Aqua_Tow... (Chicago)
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Problem is once someone built a cheap building 30 years ago,
         | it's not worth $200K to tear it down and rebuild for thermal
         | efficiency.
         | 
         | And new build buyers want homes that look "normal" or
         | "classic", not experimental (even if experimental is based on
         | proved designs elsewhere.)
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | From my experience on short stints in Dubai, and Qatar,
           | single house residentials can well be both. Lots of villas
           | there built with foam concrete exterior walls, in which you
           | are living like in a thermos, and which still look rather
           | conventional.
           | 
           | Their highrises are probably a bit more avant-garde than
           | American ones, but nevertheless they sell like cookies.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | I don't know much about LEEDs and maybe that should be updated,
         | but I live in a cold climate and I see a lot of focus on
         | insulation and insulation efficiency, both in new construction
         | and updating old buildings.
         | 
         | This idea that there's not a focus on insulation in the west
         | seems kinda strange to me.
        
           | nraynaud wrote:
           | Same in France, I'm buying a condo and looking into all this
           | for the renovation, and everybody is screaming "insulation by
           | the outside".
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | If you want to make sure things are built properly, look
             | into the topic of "building science":
             | 
             | * https://www.buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-00
             | 1-t...
             | 
             | Matt Risinger, a general contractor in Austin, Texas, has a
             | lot of good videos on the topics:
             | 
             | * https://www.youtube.com/c/MattRisinger/videos
             | 
             | Even if you can't use the same techniques that he does (and
             | pay for some of the premium products), it may be possible
             | to still use some of the general theory / principles.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Risinger makes great videos. Doing a 150sqm extension now
               | and plan to apply perfect wall concepts.
        
               | evanlivingston wrote:
               | Matt's videos are worth watching, but it's important to
               | note most his videos are motivated by his sponsorships
               | and it's often hard to parse out when he's shilling and
               | when he's not.
               | 
               | Betters resources with real science can be found at
               | 
               | * https://www.energyvanguard.com/blog/
               | 
               | * https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | Just because he's sponsored does not necessarily mean
               | he's wrong: he's been beating this drum for many years
               | before the sponsorships came. Sort by date and check out
               | the potato quality videos from long ago, and you'll see
               | the same principles being talked about.
               | 
               | Though certainly, if you're going to do a build yourself,
               | research any specific products to see if they meet your
               | needs, functionally and monetarily.
               | 
               | * He tends to build on the higher end of things, and has
               | clients that are willing to pay. Of course he's currently
               | building his own new home, and doing things the _way_ he
               | 's talked about.
               | 
               | * He's in a warm-humid climate (US Climate Zone 2).
               | Plenty of things I wouldn't do exactly the same since I'm
               | in Canada.
               | 
               | But Joe Lstiburek was born and raised in Canada, and
               | lives in the north-east, and he's saying many of the same
               | things when it comes to building science:
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lstiburek
        
               | evanlivingston wrote:
               | Yah, I'm not arguing that Matt is saying incorrect
               | things, I'm saying his videos need extra scrutiny because
               | he is sometimes using his videos for advertising and
               | gives less than accurate portrayals of certain products.
               | It looks like one his more egregious videos has been
               | removed wherein he's reviewing types of siding and has
               | some pretty laughable "tests" that he recreates
               | inconsistently in order to prove fiber cement siding is
               | superior to all other siding.
               | 
               | Additionally, to my knowledge, Matt isn't originating any
               | of these ideas, he's just implementing them.
               | 
               | I don't mean to be so hard on Matt, I excitedly watch
               | almost every new video of his and I'm excited there are
               | people out there making building science more accessible.
               | I just wish he'd so a slightly better job differentiating
               | between shilling and presenting information.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _Additionally, to my knowledge, Matt isn 't originating
               | any of these ideas, he's just implementing them._
               | 
               | He's fairly open about this. He was recently on the
               | _Essential Craftsman Podcast_ and he talks about trying
               | to educate and pass on knowledge:
               | 
               | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYG63Cb83sc
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | The problem is engineers look at this like engineers and make
           | assumptions and decisions based on the objectives given and
           | their toolkit. When you hire an ASHRAE certified engineer,
           | he's going to be all about HVAC, based on whatever the
           | architect produced.
           | 
           | Usually that means a focus on less energy usage. That
           | frequently doesn't align with lower cost or optimal solution.
           | For example, buying a 95% efficient boiler for my home would
           | cost significantly more over its useful life when you account
           | for capital costs, retrofit for exhaust, and
           | operational/maintenance expense (efficient units require
           | annual inspection and maintenance via service contract). 80%
           | results in more fuel consumption, but significant lower TCO.
           | 
           | In commercial or larger buildings, the obsession with sealing
           | windows introduces lots of waste. The cost of more heating
           | efficiency is more A/C days.
           | 
           | Also, the practices around construction have changed, driven
           | partially by "efficiency" to build boxes with no passive
           | ventilation. If you go into a well-designed circa 1910
           | building like a school, office and other inhabited spaces had
           | higher ceilings, higher windows, etc that permitted passive
           | ventilation. My house in upstate NY is like this... we use
           | air conditioning for <20 days a year, and our extra heating
           | costs are negligible. My neighbor's circa 1995 house is a
           | modern series of interconnected boxes -- they have to run AC
           | from June-September because there is no effective
           | ventilation.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | I know you only said "partially by efficiency", but the
             | other part is pretty important. another goal of sealing the
             | building is to align the moisture and thermal barriers with
             | each other. this is important, because this is how you
             | control humidity inside the envelope. in theory, this makes
             | it much less likely that you get mold, rot, etc. if you're
             | going to heat/cool your house at all, you really don't want
             | heated inside air getting cooled down in the winter or warm
             | outside air getting cooled in the summer. if you have
             | significant passive ventilation, you don't really have a
             | moisture or thermal barrier.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Agreed -- I was trying to capture a lot in a small space
               | without being hand-wavy. (Not sure if I succeeded)
               | 
               | My big "beef" is that assumptions that require active,
               | intelligent building management and maintenance have
               | their own risks. These are hard to quantify and thus
               | discounted.
               | 
               | Case in point: I worked for a decade in a building with
               | professional management and all sorts of efficiency
               | programs where chronic issues like a leaking roof were
               | ignored for 30 years. In theory, the HVAC did a great job
               | of moisture control. In reality, there was 3 feet of
               | water on the roof. (Water wins) Point being, budgets
               | drive suboptimal behavior.
               | 
               | In my personal case, my house was designed with features
               | that permit user-controlled airflow and thermal flow. It
               | has modern windows, enhanced attic ventilation, etc that
               | improve performance. Many buildings are not and are
               | dependent on active ventilation to be livable or mold-
               | free.
        
           | dirkf wrote:
           | Can concur here in Western Europe. For more than a decade
           | we've had a regulation where you have to run your plans for a
           | new building through a tool that calculates a score
           | reflecting the projected energy consumption in a broad sense.
           | The maximum allowed score has been adjusted down every few
           | years.
           | 
           | The effect is indeed that all new buildings (and renovations
           | that involve some kind of constructing new volumes) have
           | improved massively in energy consumption. Still, we have such
           | a massive amount of old buildings with next to none
           | insulation that get renovated so slowly that it will take a
           | long time to actually make a decent dent in reducing our
           | climate footprint.
           | 
           | But there's definitely a good focus on improving our
           | buildings. Main issue with these new buildings is no longer
           | having decent insulation to keep heating costs down but
           | making sure they don't overheat when there's good weather,
           | and ventilating them properly. This is also part of the score
           | calculation but in my experience not sufficiently
           | highlighted.
        
         | wcunning wrote:
         | Joseph Lstiburek talked about this(1) in talks going back to
         | the early 2010s. He bitched about bike racks being worth a LEED
         | point whereas good insulation wasn't really...
         | 
         | (1)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkfAcWpOYAA
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | Good insulation and isolation can also help substantially
           | with privacy and tranquility. Good airflow can help human
           | health and reducing externalizes that aren't well measured by
           | a single building's certification.
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | The focus of buildings should be:
       | 
       | 1. Keeping dry and bulk water out/away.
       | 
       | 2. Being as air tight as possible.+
       | 
       | 3. Controlling vapour.
       | 
       | 4. Being well-insulated.
       | 
       | * https://www.buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-001-t...
       | 
       | + Air is exchanged in a controlled fashioned: filtered for pollen
       | and other things, and then tempered with an HRV/ERV. Buildings do
       | _not_ need to  'breathe':
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIcrXut_EFA
        
         | intrepidhero wrote:
         | The problem I have with this is if #1 _ever_ fails, and lets be
         | honest, it will eventually, then #2 means you 'll get mold and
         | its game over.
         | 
         | Heat transfer mechanisms, in order of amount of heat moved
         | typically follow: conduction, convection, and radiation and
         | should be addressed in that order while not ignoring moisture
         | content. Mitigation strategies should default to passive
         | measures. Or at least that's my plan if I ever get around to
         | building a house.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | The order of importance is not the order in which they are
           | layered:
           | 
           | * https://www.buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-001-
           | t...
           | 
           | If you wish to argue against Joe Lstiburek, a PhD who has
           | been doing building science for probably over thirty years
           | (both academic research and field work/consulting), go right
           | ahead.
           | 
           | He has taken failures into account because a good portion of
           | his career has been studying / consulting on failures:
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkfAcWpOYAA&t=25m26s
        
         | abakker wrote:
         | Certain building materials need to breath. Buildings built with
         | green wood which has more moisture than ambient, and buildings
         | with cast concrete will shed water vapor for some time. If this
         | can be managed, it is fine.
         | 
         | Additionally, through all insulation there is an internal
         | temperature gradient. If the there are discontinuities it is
         | possible to get condensation when the temperature / dew point
         | align just wrong. This can happen in in humid climates with
         | inadequate insulation - especially fiberglass where moisture
         | can easily penetrate the fiberglass to reach the colder outside
         | walls.
         | 
         | I agree, though. Air tightness and continuous insulation
         | coupled with well-engineered ventilation is best.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Certain building materials need to breath._
           | 
           | As explained in the linked video, they actually need to
           | _dry_. This does _not_ need to happen to the outside
           | environment. IMHO, using the two terms (dry /breathe)
           | interchangeably is causing confusion, as each has certain
           | connotations in many people's minds.
           | 
           | The person in that video lives in Austin, Texas, and when he
           | builds or renovates structures he has a stand-alone, whole-
           | house dehumidifier designed into the HVAC system (the client
           | can of course reject the suggestion):
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKJnP_6uxcg
           | 
           | > _If the there are discontinuities it is possible to get
           | condensation when the temperature / dew point align just
           | wrong._
           | 
           | Which, as explained in the first link (BSI-001), is why you
           | want external insulation (if possible); some portion of the
           | insulation being continuous is code in many places nowadays.
           | That way the condensation occurs on the outside of the
           | water/vapour control layer. Joe Lstiburek:
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkfAcWpOYAA&t=25m26s
           | 
           | This is harder to do with renovations, but is code in most
           | places. In Ontario, Canada the code (IIRC) also specifics
           | what _minimum portion_ of the insulation that should be on
           | the  'outside' of the vapour control layer: the colder the
           | region the more has to be external, so that condensation
           | happens on the outside of the structure.
           | 
           | Having it 100% external is ideal, but would cause trade-offs
           | in other aspects of the building, which may not be desirable.
           | An example of such a structure:
           | 
           | * During construction:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8i-93ABo3I
           | 
           | * Finished: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTwq-qUnr9I
           | 
           | Sadly, last time I checked, there was still no mandatory air
           | tightness test for new builds in Ontario.
        
             | abakker wrote:
             | Here in Boulder County, new BuildSmart regulations will
             | require new and renovated structures to pass a "Blower Door
             | Test" Does Ontario not have any of those requirements for
             | commercial or residential?
             | 
             | Agree on the continuous insulation. Very hard to do for
             | Renovations. Fortunately in Colorado, it is so dry that the
             | vapor barrier is slightly less important than in places
             | like new england.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _Does Ontario not have any of those requirements for
               | commercial or residential?_
               | 
               | Last time I checked it no air leakage testing is
               | mandated:
               | 
               | * https://www.barriersciences.com/blog/potential-changes-
               | ontar...
               | 
               | * https://www.reminetwork.com/articles/canada-wavers-on-
               | airtig...
               | 
               | I'm not in the industry, so only know about the rough
               | outlines through casual interest.
        
         | jchrisa wrote:
         | The problem with buildings with windows that don't open, is
         | that the windows don't open. What do you do if you want to open
         | the window?
        
       | hristov wrote:
       | It is comforting to see this discussion continues the great HN
       | tradition of having a lively and wide-ranging debate about a
       | complex scientific article or paper without ever bothering to
       | read the article and paper.
       | 
       | This is a rather complex paper, so I perused it for about five
       | minutes. As such I consider my self a one eyed man among a hoard
       | of shouting extremely opinionated blind people, so you should all
       | listen to me carefully and follow me as your leader.
       | 
       | And now that I have your attention I shall carefully summarize
       | the paper so none of you have to undergo the indignity of
       | perusing it for five minutes.
       | 
       | 1. Leeds is not solely for energy efficiency but also for solving
       | other environmental problems such as water use.
       | 
       | 2. In buildings where the energy efficiency was the main problem
       | to be solved, the leeds overhaul was actually effective at
       | improving energy efficiency.
       | 
       | 3. In buildings where water use was the main problem to be
       | solved, the leeds process was also successful in reducing water
       | use, but actually increased energy use. This is because the water
       | reduction process invariably included complex electrical systems
       | with a lot of sensors and control circuitry that ate up extra
       | power.
       | 
       | 4. Considering points 2. and 3. above when you add all the
       | buildings up as a whole, on average energy use did not decrease
       | after a leeds overhaul and certification.
       | 
       | My thinking here is that this does not mean LEEDS is a failure.
       | The study shows that there was improvement in every building that
       | underwent the certification, it is just that for some buildings
       | energy wasn't the highest priority. In many parts of the US water
       | use is much more important than energy efficiency.
       | 
       | So I am sure for many parts in the US it is a very good trade off
       | to increase energy use for lower water use. (This would certainly
       | be true for the entire southwest, at least).
       | 
       | But there is still a lot of room for improvement. The water
       | preservation systems can themselves be made more energy
       | efficient. At first glance, these systems do not do something
       | that requires a lot of energy -- all they do is communication,
       | sensing and opening or closing small water valves.
       | 
       | Generally speaking there is a lot to be desired of analog circuit
       | design. Now that we are surrounded by always on always connected
       | electrical devices, this is something we as a nation should start
       | paying attention to. There are a lot of always on circuits that
       | use 10 or 100 times the power they should, just because someone
       | wanted so save 50c on parts or they simply did not how to
       | properly design the thing.
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | Leed gold is all about gaming metrics by not making enough
       | bathrooms and then building them on after the certification
        
       | arbitrage wrote:
       | a building i used to work in got retrofitted to be leads
       | certified. it got a new front door vestibule. the doors don't
       | hang right, it's obstructive for people with different mobility
       | needs. it leeks air like a tattered balloon. none of the glaring
       | issues in the basement were fixed. it got a leed certification.
       | 
       | nobody really cares, it's just all a sham. no real point to leeds
       | certs other than polishing a turd.
        
         | wussboy wrote:
         | "I found a flaw in a LEED certified building, I ignored any
         | other possible beneficial knock on effects of that flaw or
         | other enhancements. Therefore LEED has no beneficial effect,
         | either here or anywhere else."
        
       | omosubi wrote:
       | LEED is a joke. My dad used to manage a large office building in
       | chicago and the certification was done by the building management
       | itself. The guy collecting the data asked all the tenants for the
       | info and threw out all the reports that made the building look
       | bad. They got leed certification.
       | 
       | I'm also for more efficient use of resources but I'm skeptical
       | LEED actually improves this. Also, all those curtain walled
       | buildings are hideous and destroy the built environment.
        
       | maxkwallace wrote:
       | LEED sucks. This has been known for a long time. But instead of
       | bashing it, we should be asking: is there an alternative? If not,
       | how could we create one?
        
         | evanlivingston wrote:
         | Passivhaus
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | The Correct Answer(tm) is performance standards, which are
         | incrementally improved over time.
         | 
         | How California became far more energy-efficient than the rest
         | of the country
         | 
         | https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/5/31/1864690...
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | The article authors aren't bashing it:
         | 
         | > Trade-offs across LEED attributes account for the absence of
         | energy savings on average. If energy efficiency is the primary
         | policy goal, LEED certification may not be the most effective
         | means to reach that goal.
        
       | andrewla wrote:
       | It is interesting that this is surfacing just as another similar
       | scam is making the rounds[1], Well [2]. An older product,
       | apparently, that has now been rebranded and updated to take
       | advantage of fears around COVID. They purport to be a
       | certifications company, like LEED, that can evaluate a business
       | or building and determine if it meets certain arbitrary standards
       | around being "safe" in the health sense.
       | 
       | If they can get an insurance company to give a break on liability
       | insurance based on the certification, then they're ready to make
       | bank off of companies looking to attract customers in the wake of
       | COVID.
       | 
       | [1] https://twitter.com/WELLcertified/status/1353757841459449857
       | 
       | [1] https://wellhealthsafety.com/
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | I did a small project for one of the founders of the LEED
       | standard. I am in favor of the project and lacking details right
       | this minute so I won't argue its merits BUT I can say that ...
       | building specs are super useful, at the right time. Changes to a
       | building can be very difficult, time-consuming and expensive,
       | amidst a business model in West that emphasizes short-term money
       | flow constantly. It is hugely difficult to get building owners
       | and their insurance companies, to agree to anything. So this
       | fellow who happens to strongly identify with Stanford University,
       | was a basket case of nerves and ego, with expensive office suite
       | and lots of helpers who appear nervous. I myself laid out a
       | technical argument for a proposed software design, and less than
       | ten minutes in to it, it was clear that the guy was not
       | listening, and then interrupted me to start basically having a
       | fit about different project pressures.
       | 
       | My impression after the whole, small project was over was that
       | this is a person who lives in a world of wealth and status, and
       | has to interact with others like that, who do not get along, or
       | are constantly "jousting" .. I believe this fellow means well in
       | the largest ways, but really the feeling overall was more like
       | some kind of Arab Sheik than tech business.. I want LEED and
       | things like it to succeed. I think this is a terribly hard thing
       | to get going in reality. I feel this guy had too much pressure
       | and was sort of losing it in a way ..
        
         | peytn wrote:
         | Normal people worry about having a good job and saving for
         | retirement. People in that world worry about things like UN
         | Sustainable Development Goals. It's a weird status thing they
         | do, and I'm not sure we're better off for it. I guess it beats
         | the castle-building days of yore.
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | RESNET's Certified Home Energy Rating System may be a better
       | system, though I don't think it applies to commercial buildings:
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_rating
        
       | macinjosh wrote:
       | I once lived in a LEED certified apartment complex.
       | Unfortunately, I do not recall the specifics of their
       | certification. My hot water would never get hot enough. I
       | realized the hot water heater had a device on it to limit how
       | often heating occurred. I promptly disabled it and had normal hot
       | water again.
       | 
       | One of the other "green" aspects of the complex was that it only
       | had compact car parking. However, the area I live in is
       | rural/suburban and a very large portion of renters here work in
       | the shale oil fields of the area. These workers drive trucks. Big
       | trucks. The parking lot was always cramped mess. I often pondered
       | the irony there and also how much more carbon was emitted by the
       | body shops fixing all the dented doors.
        
         | ishjoh wrote:
         | > One of the other "green" aspects of the complex was that it
         | only had compact car parking.
         | 
         | I think this is one of the things that as I get older gets more
         | and more grating. This 'nudge' is supposed to encourage you to
         | use and buy a smaller car, but instead of you as an individual
         | selecting the car most suited for your needs they've decided
         | that only compact cars should be driven. So now if you have a
         | big family (which in today's age is only 3 kids), or you need
         | your vehicle for work (hi work trucks), or a host of other
         | reasons to have a bigger vehicle, they've intentionally made
         | your life just a little bit worse, and they've done it
         | intentionally.
        
           | andys627 wrote:
           | You're free to rent somewhere with larger parking spaces.
        
         | dashundchen wrote:
         | That may not have been for LEED, many areas in the US have
         | anti-scalding regulations for buildings or landlords/operators
         | - typically not to exceed 120F at the tap. May have been set
         | low depending on how many taps, distance between the different
         | taps etc.
        
           | macinjosh wrote:
           | Interesting. The water never got warmer than about 100-105
           | with the device on. Perhaps it was defective.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > My hot water would never get hot enough. I realized the hot
         | water heater had a device on it to limit how often heating
         | occurred.
         | 
         | My tankless water heater has a temperature limit (120
         | Fahrenheit), but it's to prevent children from getting scalded.
        
       | orzig wrote:
       | Summary: Operational energy efficiency is one of several goals of
       | LEED, and in practice it's not high priority enough to be
       | (statistically significantly) improved, in the sample of
       | buildings they have data on, in the time period they took the
       | data.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | The usual caveat: Any headline that ends with a question mark
       | should be answered with "No"; which is pretty much exactly what
       | the summary says:
       | 
       |  _> If energy efficiency is the primary policy goal, LEED
       | certification may not be the most effective means to reach that
       | goal._
        
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