[HN Gopher] Who Owns the Nile?
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       Who Owns the Nile?
        
       Author : danso
       Score  : 33 points
       Date   : 2021-04-01 15:54 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.datawrapper.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.datawrapper.de)
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | I know how it will work. Most likely nothing will happen.
       | Egyptian regime is very fragile, and will not risk a foreign
       | intervention while having to suppress monthly uprisings back
       | home.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | I think a war with Ethiopia would help the Egyptian regime,
         | assuming it went well. And it probably would because Egypt's
         | military is the strongest in the region minus Israel.
         | 
         | The real question is what Sudan would do (probably lie down for
         | the Egyptians).
        
           | bumbada wrote:
           | Ethiopia is probably the only nation in Africa that has not
           | been dominated by foreign powers.
           | 
           | The reason is the topography. Ethiopia has lots of mountains,
           | like Switzerland and it is painful to attack.
           | 
           | Any foreign nation helping Ethiopia could mean disaster for
           | Egypt.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Controlling the entire Ethiopia would be a huge challenge,
             | but the war objective in a fight over the Nile is much more
             | limited in scope.
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | I suppose in war you never know. But the dam is 10 miles
             | from the Sudanese border.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Maybe Sudan would help Egypt. They use the Nile's water too.
        
             | HorkHunter wrote:
             | They had a joint training Air force operation 2 days ago
             | named "Nile Eagles"
             | 
             | https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/egypt-sudan-hold-
             | nile-e...
        
           | gorkemyurt wrote:
           | "Egypt's military is the strongest in the region minus
           | Israel." and minus Turkey
        
         | onetimemanytime wrote:
         | Water is life or death. So they might have to try it.
         | 
         | Go block oil extraction in the Arab world and USA will be all
         | over you...national interest.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Not anymore. The US is an oil exporting nation now.
        
           | sremani wrote:
           | not any more (vis USA and Arab world) - is the fifth fleet
           | still there in persian gulf ?
        
           | luckylion wrote:
           | > Go block oil extraction in the Arab world and USA will be
           | all over you...national interest.
           | 
           | You mean like they did in the 70ies when the opec cartel cut
           | oil production for political reasons? yeah...
        
         | HorkHunter wrote:
         | The difference is, regardless of political divisions, everyone
         | in Egypt totally understands that they are doomed without
         | water. so the mentality there is slowly shifting towards "well,
         | if we are dying anyway...."
        
         | kevin_b_er wrote:
         | If it becomes an existential threat to Egypt via the Nile
         | drying up, then the Egyptian people themselves will want war.
        
         | medium_burrito wrote:
         | No need to intervene in the ear of 5th gen wars, especially
         | when Ethiopia effectively has a civil war going on.
        
         | sremani wrote:
         | The crisis of lack of water is bigger, who ever bombs the shit
         | out of Great Renaissance Dam is going to be popular in Egypt.
         | 
         | Egypt more than one occasion came close to doing something like
         | that. Long story short. Who ever has better military
         | capabilities will own the Nile.
         | 
         | Egypt can use Suez as another piece to get Europe to accept its
         | bombing campaign.
        
           | Freestyler_3 wrote:
           | Why bomb a damn when you can hack it.
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | > who ever bombs the shit out of Great Renaissance Dam is
           | going to be popular in Egypt.
           | 
           | Would they? GERD destruction = tsunami on the nile, possibly
           | setting a chain reaction through downstream dams.
           | 
           | Sisi has now managed to beat even Murbarak on getting the
           | lowest rating on record from any semblance of legit polls
           | done nowadays.
           | 
           | Turkey is all over Ethiopia, and Sudan on top of that. And
           | Sisi has a paranoid fear of Turkish involvement, either back
           | home as a subversion, or a direct attack from Turkish African
           | bases.
           | 
           | Turkey staring Sisi down from all sides is by far a much
           | bigger concern to him than Ethiopians waving their MiG 21s at
           | him.
           | 
           | If he has a gram of gray matter, he will not push Ethiopians
           | further towards decision on Turkish military base.
        
             | HorkHunter wrote:
             | That is really old news. read the current situation between
             | Turkey and Egypt, which is actually getting better
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-egypt-diplomacy-
             | id...
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | Egypt doesn't have the capability. Their air force has too
           | little range and too little refueling capability.
        
             | cbnotfromthere wrote:
             | https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/03/31/egypt-sudan-air-
             | forces...
        
             | HorkHunter wrote:
             | That was the case before they bought the Rafale from France
             | I guess
        
           | bumbada wrote:
           | They face retaliations with the Aswan dam.
           | 
           | Egypt can not use Suez, because the US, Europe and Israel
           | will intervene for sure on that particular case against Egypt
           | and Egypt will lose for sure.
        
             | golemiprague wrote:
             | Israel will not intervene because it has a peace treaty
             | with Egypt which is much more important than starting some
             | stupid war on the behalf of foreign countries. Since the
             | war with Egypt in 1956 Israel only had wars with entities
             | which directly attacked Israel and even in 1956 there were
             | some excuses due to attacks by the Fedayun that came from
             | Egyptian area and to the fact that the Egyptian blockaded
             | the entranc to the Israeli port on the red sea.
             | 
             | If anything they will just dig a canal or create some route
             | from Eilat port to Ashdod port and make some profit out of
             | the whole situation.
        
       | didibus wrote:
       | It's crazy that Great Britain was even ever involved in a treaty
       | related to this.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | There's generally been a long-standing division between two
         | polities, one controlling the upper Nile (modern-day
         | Sudan/South Sudan) and one controlling the lower Nile (modern-
         | day Egypt), although note the boundary between the two of them
         | has shifted over the millennia.
         | 
         | The Islamic caliphate conquered the lower Nile from the
         | Byzantines in their initial expansion, but failed to make
         | progress on the upper Nile, leading the region to remain
         | Christian. The Ottomans eventually displaced the rump states of
         | the caliphate as the rulers of Egypt, but made essentially no
         | progress again pushing south into Sudan. However, the governor
         | of Egypt eventually went on a campaign and actually managed to
         | conquer Sudan and it held for a couple of decades later. But
         | then Sudan had a successful rebellion against Egyptian rule, so
         | the Egyptian governor asked the British (who had by that time
         | invaded and colonized Egypt, even though it was still legally
         | part of the Ottoman Empire) to help him reconquering Sudan.
         | This was successful, leading to Sudan becoming effectively a
         | British colony under nominal Egyptian (but not nominally
         | Ottoman, unlike actual Egypt) sovereignty [1].
         | 
         | That's how Britain acquired Egypt and Sudan. By the time of the
         | first treaty, of course, the Ottoman Empire was carved up for
         | good and Egypt became a clear British protectorate and Sudan a
         | clear joint-British/English condominium. That's why Britain was
         | involved. One of Britain's goals in ruling Sudan was to prevent
         | it from becoming an extension of the Egyptian state, and the
         | first treaty was an instrument to that end (by requiring Sudan
         | to provide Egypt with a reliable supply of water, it's less
         | necessary for Egypt to actually physically control Sudan).
         | 
         | [1] Yes, trying to figure out the actual boundaries of the
         | Ottoman Empire were in its last century of existence is an
         | exercise in frustration.
        
         | wavefunction wrote:
         | Is it? I think you'll find similar "involvement" around the
         | world. The Great Partition of Pakistan and India, and Pakistan
         | and Bangladesh/East-Pakistan spring to mind.
        
         | onetimemanytime wrote:
         | At some point there were just a bunch of tribes living around
         | the world without much of a horizon. A "real" country played
         | them against each other
        
           | LanceH wrote:
           | Ah yes, disrupting the historically peaceful coexistence of
           | the middle east.
        
       | yyyk wrote:
       | The old colonial treaty split the waters 85-15 between Egypt and
       | Sudan ignoring all the other African countries. This is
       | completely unsustainable, the poor uptream countries must have
       | their share.
       | 
       | Egypt just needs to use desalinization and water saving methods
       | like other ME states.
        
         | HorkHunter wrote:
         | The problem revolves around the filling duration. 3 years is
         | way too fast for the downstream. thirsting the downstream is
         | hardly ever a solution.
        
         | gorkemyurt wrote:
         | well Egypt is the downstream country in this case..
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | Oops. I did know that, but my fingers did not. Thanks, I
           | edited the original.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Rivers that flow northward mess up all of our brains a
             | little bit,.
        
       | chriselles wrote:
       | Egypt literally dies as a nation without Nile water.
       | 
       | Uganda purchasing SU27 advanced long range fighter bombers and
       | Egypt recently placing increased emphasis and resources on
       | training military units(including western training efforts)
       | responsible for upstream Nile force projection is not a
       | coincidence.
       | 
       | Nile resource sharing is a massive flash point.
       | 
       | I recall glancing at an engineering report that indicated
       | clearing/dredging swamps in Sudan could significantly reduce mile
       | water evaporation and increase downstream flow.
       | 
       | But at massive environmental and financial cost.
       | 
       | Perhaps it's time to stock up on Egyptian cotton sheets now,
       | since the future of Egyptian cotton may seriously be in doubt.
       | 
       | Tough choices to be made amplified by the need for them to be
       | across sovereign borders.
        
         | medium_burrito wrote:
         | and the big ass damn in Ethiopia. Given the civil war there,
         | don't be surprised in this turning into a bigger conflict.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | Has the world always been this on-the-cusp of war?
           | 
           | Turkey-Greece, Azerbaijan-Armenia, China-Taiwan, Ethiopia,
           | Egypt-Uganda, Saudi-Iran-Yemen, Congo, Myanmar, Afghanistan,
           | Russia-Ukraine, Morocco-Western Sahara-Algeria, India-China,
           | India-Pakistan, Syria
           | 
           | Maybe I've just been watching too much Caspian Report lately,
           | and a lot of these issues are a century in the making, but
           | damn if it doesn't feel like early WW2 issues arising along
           | with the geopolitical implications of climate change.
        
         | DeRock wrote:
         | Great video on this subject:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BCY0SPOFpE
        
       | vfclists wrote:
       | Egypt is not a "proper" country. It is simply a string of
       | settlements along the banks of Nile river and its delta.
       | 
       | Don't let the large trapezoid shape fool you. Most of that is the
       | result of a line on the ground drawn by colonialists.
       | 
       | If you want see a country like Egypt look at the Gambia, another
       | country drawn along the eponymous river wholly surrounded by
       | Senegal, another product of colonial machinations.
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | Or look at Canada, a string of settlements on the US border.
         | 
         | See also: Nevada
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | I seem to recall the US is also the result of lines in the
         | ground drawn by colonialists.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | Roughly 70% of the world population lives within 5 km of a body
         | of water [0]. By this definition, every country is a string of
         | settlements along water.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110782/
        
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       (page generated 2021-04-02 23:02 UTC)