[HN Gopher] Arabian Nights
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Arabian Nights
        
       Author : sohkamyung
       Score  : 178 points
       Date   : 2021-04-01 08:10 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.pgdp.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.pgdp.net)
        
       | riffraff wrote:
       | > Many of the well-known modern stories, like that of Aladdin,
       | have the more prurient elements removed or are stories that were
       | added much later.
       | 
       | I wonder about the "prurient" bits? Anyone perused this version
       | and can share what this is about?
       | 
       | I am quite curious to see if the version I read in my own
       | language also has the same censoring.
        
         | gostsamo wrote:
         | I've read part of the stories some time ago. What made me the
         | most impression was how much the heroes of the stories spent in
         | thinking and talking about cuckolding. Not sure if this is what
         | the author means though.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Aladdin isn't an example of a story with the prurient elements
         | removed, it's an example of a story that was added much later.
         | Aladdin is not present in Middle Eastern versions of the
         | Arabian Nights at all; it first appears in a book written by a
         | French guy.
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | oh, I see, thanks.
        
         | devindotcom wrote:
         | If you read the story "The Porter and the Three Ladies of
         | Baghdad" (I think... this is from memory) the women (the
         | escalating beauty of whom as the porter meets each is
         | incredibly phrased by Burton) eventually are fooling around
         | with the porter and they are pointing to each other's crotches
         | and joking about different names: "thy cleft, thy slit, thy
         | coynte, thy clitoris" and the women suggest "the basil of the
         | bridges" (I confess myself mystified) and "the husked sesame
         | seed" (husked due to female circumcision).
         | 
         | Other translations are muuuuuch more tame. Abridged versions
         | probably skip it entirely. When I first read the unexpurgated
         | Burton my mind was blown on the regular.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | Wait until you read some Abu Nuwas
        
         | Iv wrote:
         | I remember reading a story where sailors discovered an island
         | where plant-women were growing. They were friendly and gave
         | fruits growing on them to the sailors, but the few who tried to
         | "embrace" them got absorbed. Yep, there was some vore hentai
         | connoisseurs at the time.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | In the original there were frequent occurrences of the names of
         | various anatomical parts or of various acts that are considered
         | taboo now. Also there were many explicit descriptions of love
         | scenes, even if a poetic language was used for them.
         | 
         | Of the old translations, only the French translation of Mardrus
         | and the uncensored variant of Burton were somewhat close to the
         | original text. Even the "uncensored" variant of Burton was more
         | distant from the original text than the Mardrus translation.
         | 
         | There exists a much more recent French translation which is
         | said to be more faithful to the original text than any of the
         | previous translations (while the Mardrus translation was not
         | censored, there were many places where it was not a word-by-
         | word translation).
         | 
         | I do not remember precisely, because I have read it a long time
         | ago, but I believe that the new good French translation is that
         | by Andre Miquel et al.; various editions of that may be found
         | at Amazon. I am not aware of any decent English translation.
         | 
         | When I was very young, I have read a translation into my
         | language of the French translation of Mardrus. The first few
         | volumes matched the French text, so they were quite explicit.
         | Then it seems that someone noticed that and ordered the
         | translators to remove any explicit parts, so the following
         | volumes were obviously censored, lacking many words or entire
         | scenes from the French Mardrus text.
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | interesting, thanks.
        
           | gh-throw wrote:
           | Mardrus got translated into English by Mathers. It's the
           | edition I've read (partially--my copy is in four very fat
           | volumes, so it's _a lot_ of reading). Can confirm that it
           | includes tons of stuff I 'd expect to be missing from any
           | kind of Bowdlerized or censored version. Not sure I'd
           | recommend it for a modern reader in English given the other
           | options available, these days.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Powys_Mathers
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | krtkush wrote:
       | TIL Project Gutenberg is blocked in Germany.
        
         | skytreader wrote:
         | Technically, Project Gutenberg _blocks_ Germany. Anyway this
         | also surprised me last year! Protip: Main PG is blocking DE IPs
         | but mirrors aren 't. Unfortunately, [mirrors](https://www.reddi
         | t.com/r/books/comments/81t0ad/project_guten...) don't have the
         | convenient search infra, just the texts. If you can get the ID
         | somehow, then you can navigate to the text in question.
         | 
         | Maybe I missed a more convenient mirror. In which case I'd be
         | really glad for links to convenient mirrors.
        
           | emanueldima wrote:
           | https://www.gitenberg.org
        
             | skytreader wrote:
             | Cooool! Exactly what I'm looking for. Actually think I've
             | heard of this before (I follow one of the GH contributors)
             | but realized, just now, it's _the_ mirror I am looking for.
             | Thanks!
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg would be
           | displeased.
        
         | mrwnmonm wrote:
         | I live in a place governed by the military, and they like to
         | block things. But I have no idea why a country like Germany
         | would do that.
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | Because of Mein Kampf perhaps? Then again it's on Amazon, do
           | they block Amazon?
        
             | Vespasian wrote:
             | No, that book has been in the public domain in Germany
             | since 2015. Since then several annotated editions have been
             | published.
             | 
             | IANAL, but it might be problematic to publish a modern
             | version without any critical commentary as this could be
             | interpreted as "glorifying naziism and the holocaust in
             | public" which is a crime in Germany (SS 130 StGB [1]).
             | 
             | Before 2015 it was not banned in a political sense. The
             | state of Bavaria claimed Hitlers copyright after the war
             | and did not grant any rights to republish it. Ownership or
             | sale of historical editions was always possible.
             | 
             | The project Gutenberg block is by them because they lost a
             | copyright court case in 2018 (which was about ~20 books by
             | 3 authors). See the other comment with a detailed link.
             | They were not required to deny access to the complete site
             | but only to these specific works.
             | 
             | [1]https://www.gesetze-im-
             | internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_st...
        
           | bloak wrote:
           | This might have something to do with it:
           | 
           | https://cand.pglaf.org/germany/index.html
           | 
           | (Thomas Mann and Alfred Doblin are out of copyright in the
           | USA, but not in Germany, but obviously there's more to it
           | than that because different countries having different
           | copyright durations is a very normal situation.)
        
             | ernesth wrote:
             | There is nothing more to it: Project Gutenberg distributed
             | books in Germany that are not in the Public Domain there.
             | The rights holder sued. PG was condemned to stop
             | distributing those books in Germany. PG complied by
             | blocking the whole site in Germany.
             | 
             | No country has the same copyright law as USA. In those
             | other countries, Project Gutenberg has not yet been sued.
             | (Edit: and probably in some countries, people downloading
             | from PG would be the only one in illegality, not PG)
             | 
             | For example Alfred Doblin's and Thomas Mann's books are not
             | in the public domain in all of Europe, in most of South
             | America, or in Australia.
        
       | m4r35n357 wrote:
       | Virtually impossible to find them all in one go, have to drill
       | down 17 times!!! No PDFs. What a _horrible_ user interface!!!
        
       | open-source-ux wrote:
       | For more information on the _The One Thousand and One Nights_ ,
       | the following BBC radio programme (broadcast just last week)
       | discusses the origins of the stories, the translations, and their
       | enduring popularity. It's a very stimulating discussion. Download
       | as a MP3 if you want to listen offline:
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cszjwy
       | 
       | Programme description from the above page:
       | 
       | > The One Thousand and One Nights are a collection of fantastical
       | stories of flying carpets, magic and genies whose ancient origins
       | go back to the 7th century or earlier. The tales are told by
       | Scheherazade who uses the power of storytelling night after night
       | to stop her Sultan husband from beheading her.
       | 
       | > These highly influential stories were brought to the West in
       | the 18th century, when more tales like Aladdin and Ali Baba were
       | said to have been added by the French translator, and it has
       | continued to evolve over the centuries. Rajan Datar and guests
       | explore why these stories became so popular around the world and
       | what they mean to us today.
       | 
       | > Joining Rajan is Wen Chin Ouyang, Professor of Arabic at SOAS
       | in London; Dr Sandra Naddaff, senior lecturer in Comparative
       | Literature at Harvard University; and the Iranian TV producer
       | Shabnam Rezaei.
        
       | glandium wrote:
       | This being HN, for some reason, I was expecting the article to be
       | about the pinball.
        
         | qsort wrote:
         | Or at least the Magic: the Gathering set.
        
         | reportgunner wrote:
         | I thought it would be about the Magic: the Gathering set.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Ambolia wrote:
       | Unfortunately the format of most ebooks at Project Gutenberg is
       | usually really bad. Usable on computer screen, but unusable on
       | eBook readers.
       | 
       | Just checked the "mobi" version of the volume 1 from this link,
       | and it looks like all paragraphs are just walls of texts with no
       | paragraphs and the footnotes don't really work unless you scroll
       | manually. I guess it's better than nothing, but not very
       | comfortable to read.
       | 
       | Usually it's even worse with text from the margins, header than
       | footer getting mixed with the normal text.
       | 
       | Does anybody know if there is a website or project where one
       | could find "curated" or properly formatted books with expired
       | Copyright? Maybe one where other people can collaborate?
        
         | timonoko wrote:
         | These are sole issues of the reader software, unless of course
         | your Ebook is some kind of closed-down kindle-type device.
         | Coolreader and Koreader are examples of versatile and
         | programmable softwares, which are available on Android and
         | Linux-based E-ink readers.
        
         | nbonaparte wrote:
         | Standard Ebooks (https://standardebooks.org) is what you're
         | looking for.
        
           | altgans wrote:
           | Is there an archive of the whole collection? My internet is
           | unreliable and I usually try to get everything offline.
        
           | CAT0 wrote:
           | The Internet need something like this for all languages, not
           | only english.
        
             | robin_reala wrote:
             | This question comes up a lot. The source to our production
             | pipeline is GPLed and freely available,[1] but the biggest
             | part of why we produce good work is that we have a high
             | quality manual of style.[2] Unfortunately, that second part
             | is very specific to English, and that's the difficult part
             | to replicate for other languages.
             | 
             | [1] https://github.com/standardebooks/tools/
             | 
             | [2] https://standardebooks.org/manual/
        
               | depressedpanda wrote:
               | Not that I doubt you, but what about the manual is very
               | specific to English and wouldn't work for other
               | languages?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | From a brief look, the typography section of the manual
               | is definitely language specific. Different written
               | languages often have a much different typographic
               | convention; depending on the language, different
               | countries using it may have major or minor differences in
               | conventions. And of course, there are different
               | interpretations of the convention; they've included by
               | reference a specific version of the Chicago Manual of
               | Style. For another language, you'd need to at least need
               | a different exhaustive manual to reference, as well as
               | changing or reviewing the specific guidelines.
               | 
               | That's work that really needs to be done by a fluent,
               | literate user of that language, hopefully with background
               | in that language's literature and experience in
               | copyediting, and familiarity with publishing. It's not
               | really work you can demand of someone who did a good job
               | (I assume) of it in English; they won't do a good job of
               | it in another language without deep experience in that
               | language. Developing and publishing the works in the
               | language also needs to be done by people fluent in the
               | language.
               | 
               | The example of the English version can be a guide for
               | other languages, and there's of course room for
               | collaboration on software between languages, but asking
               | the English language project to expand to other languages
               | is unlikely to get good results unless the developers
               | also are fluent in those languages.
        
               | bovermyer wrote:
               | I'm curious, why xhtml instead of LaTeX?
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | When we edit, we're literally building a standard ePub3
               | file, which natively uses XHTML as its document
               | representation. The pipeline then produces alternative
               | versions of the same file. We could work in LaTeX, but it
               | would reduce our contributor count (more people know
               | XHTML than LaTeX) and we'd need to transform it anyway,
               | with the potential of introducing new bugs.
        
             | eduardo_f wrote:
             | We're working on a fork of Standard Ebooks focusing on
             | Spanish.
             | 
             | We're actually looking for Spanish-speaking collaborators:
             | 
             | https://www.libro.org/
        
             | pps wrote:
             | In Poland we have 5649 ebooks done so far by
             | https://wolnelektury.pl/
        
             | _hzw wrote:
             | For Japanese, we have Aozora Bunko [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.aozora.gr.jp/
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | _Arabian Nights_ has been on my list to produce for SE for a
           | couple of years now, but its sheer size is imposing. I'll
           | probably do it in the not too distant future though.
        
             | developer92 wrote:
             | Perhaps a collaboration?
        
             | 0-_-0 wrote:
             | Did you produce the Edgar Allan Poe Short Fiction
             | collection? I'm reading it right now, it's great! And huge!
             | 
             | https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/edgar-allan-poe/short-
             | fict...
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | Yep! Glad you're enjoying it. Here are my share of the SE
               | productions: https://www.robinwhittleton.com/books/
               | 
               | Biggest so far (and biggest on SE at 1.2m words) has been
               | Samuel Pepys' Diary:
               | https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/samuel-pepys/the-diary
        
               | dbrgn wrote:
               | Whoa, SE looks incredible. Thanks for your work on that!
               | 
               | Are there any plans to support non-English ebooks as
               | well?
               | 
               | Edit: Regarding non-English ebooks, I was thinking about
               | books like "Der Vogelflug als Grundlage der Fliegekunst"
               | (Birdflight As The Basis Of Aviation) by Otto Lilienthal
               | (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54565). It's a
               | fantastic book with nice hand-drawn illustrations, and it
               | would deserve being presented/typeset in a beautiful way.
               | Currently available ebooks are mostly bad.
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | Sorry, no. Like I said in another comment, a large part
               | of what makes SE good is our manual of style, which is
               | really just applicable to English works. If you want to
               | use the toolchain to produce a novel in another language
               | feel free (removing our logo and name, of course).
        
               | 0-_-0 wrote:
               | Thank you for your efforts!
               | 
               | That book is more than 2600 pages! How long did that
               | take?
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | Nearly two years, but I took a bunch of time out to work
               | on smaller pieces. The biggest problem was that Gutenberg
               | had only transcribed about a third of the footnotes, so I
               | spent a long time adding the remaining ones back in.
        
               | 0-_-0 wrote:
               | So you were transcribing a diary written in a shorthand?
               | Or from a print version?
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | From scanned original sources. I just opened a random
               | page at archive.org to give you an example:
               | 
               | https://archive.org/details/diaryofsamuelpep01pepy/page/2
               | 28/...
        
               | 0-_-0 wrote:
               | Do you use OCR? Sorry for the million questions.
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | No problem! Yes, archive.org has OCRed all the text, but
               | it needs a lot of finessing to bring up the quality to an
               | acceptable standard.
               | 
               | Typically, Standard Ebooks will try to avoid OCR unless
               | it's something that's missing from Gutenberg.
        
               | 0-_-0 wrote:
               | Thank you for your time!
               | 
               | (If you started some sort of AMA here I'm sure it would
               | be successful.)
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | Great work! Is there any link between this and the Pepys
               | Diary site at https://www.pepysdiary.com (also an awesome
               | resource)?
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | I had a chat with Phil after I finished, and he sent over
               | a list of transcription problems with Gutenberg that I'd
               | missed which was very kind. But apart from that, no
               | direct collaboration.
        
             | devchix wrote:
             | This site is amazing! Thank you!
             | 
             | For those who loved the Andrew Lang rainbow-color fairy
             | tale books, Lang also published a volume of The Arabian
             | Nights, not a translation but a recounting of selected
             | tales. I encountered the Richard Burton commodious 3-volume
             | set as a child. It's amazing that nobody at the time
             | thought to proctor my reading choice, given the racism,
             | misogyny, salaciousness, naughty illustrations, everything
             | delivered in such a matter-of-fact tone and just laid out
             | there. To read it cover-to-cover is actually not terribly
             | fun. There's lots of little folk tale snippets, fables,
             | poetry, and Burton footnoted the hell out of everything.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | _ph_ wrote:
         | I had a good result by using the text version and running it
         | through LaTex for formatting and then converted it into an
         | ebook format. I think it involved a Perl script for marking
         | sections.
        
       | Iv wrote:
       | Funny to use Aladdin as an example: it was added later to the
       | original manuscript.
        
       | eternalban wrote:
       | This little bit of cultural misappropriation has always bugged
       | me. Oddly enough, it is always the Europeans insisting on these
       | Persian/Iranian matters being "Arab". I seriously wonder if this
       | is still nursing ancient Persian Greek/Roman rivalries and is a
       | byproduct of a chauvinist classical education of the European
       | educated set of 19th century. I find it very strange.
       | 
       | In the OP, we have a female Persian name (Shahrzad, the story
       | teller) and a male Persian name (Shahryar, the king).
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights#Pe...
       | 
       | "The earliest mentions of the Nights refer to it as an Arabic
       | translation from a Persian book, Hezar Afsan (aka Afsaneh or
       | Afsana), meaning 'The Thousand Stories'."
       | 
       | Hezar means 1000. Afsan means fantasy/story. Now it's true that
       | the modern version is called _Hezaar-o yek Shab_ (Thousand and
       | one nights). So possibly that  'one' story is the Arab
       | contribution.
       | 
       | [Filed under the "The Gulf" files]
        
         | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
         | The version of these tales that became internationally famous
         | date from a time after Persia had already been under Arabic and
         | Muslim influence for centuries and the Persian language had
         | become replete with Arabic borrowings. It is the same reason
         | that many of the traditions and foreign words borrowed into the
         | cultures of Central Asia and the Volga-Kama region are
         | generally referred to as "Arabo-Persian", even though those
         | peoples were dealing mainly with Persian speakers and rarely
         | met an actual Arab.
        
           | eternalban wrote:
           | As I said this is a minor item.
           | 
           | The major one, which one sees to this day in contemporary
           | European sources (even scholarly matter), is how Arabs
           | translated ancient sources into Arabic. This occulation of
           | (substantial and far reaching) contribution of Iran to
           | "Western civilization" is unique to European sources.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_the_Greek_Clas.
           | ..
           | 
           | Arab historians themselves, to their lasting credit, had the
           | intellectual integrity:
           | 
           | " _It is a remarkable fact that, with few exceptions, most
           | Muslim scholars...in the intellectual sciences have been non-
           | Arabs...thus the founders of grammar were Sibawaih and after
           | him, al-Farisi and Az-Zajjaj. All of them were of Persian
           | descent...they invented rules of (Arabic) grammar...great
           | jurists were Persians... only the Persians engaged in the
           | task of preserving knowledge and writing systematic scholarly
           | works. Thus the truth of the statement of the prophet becomes
           | apparent, 'If learning were suspended in the highest parts of
           | heaven the Persians would attain it"...The intellectual
           | sciences were also the preserve of the Persians, left alone
           | by the Arabs, who did not cultivate them...as was the case
           | with all crafts...This situation continued in the cities as
           | long as the Persians and Persian countries, Iraq, Khorasan
           | and Transoxiana (modern Central Asia), retained their
           | sedentary culture._ "
           | 
           | - _Muqaddimah_ , by Abu Zayd 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn
           | Khaldun al-Hadrami, translated by F. Rosenthal (III, pp.
           | 311-15, 271-4 [Arabic]; Frye, R.N. (1977). Golden Age of
           | Persia, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p.91).
           | 
           | Soviet Russian historians are equally factual regarding these
           | matters. As I said, this is a remarkable feature of European
           | version of history as far as Iran is concerned.
        
             | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
             | > Soviet Russian historians are equally factual regarding
             | these matters
             | 
             | It is within the Soviet Russian research tradition (after
             | all, most publications on the history of the languages and
             | cultures of Central Asia and the Volga-Kama were produced
             | then, when these regions were within the USSR) that the
             | aforementioned term "Arabo-Persian" is heavily used.
             | 
             | Your posts on this matter make you appear to be one of
             | those Persian nationalists who can't stop banging on about
             | how Persians aren't Arabs. I think many people here are
             | capable of understanding the nuances involved, and it isn't
             | really appropriate for you to continue to claim
             | victimization.
        
               | eternalban wrote:
               | > Your posts on this matter make you appear to be one of
               | those Persian nationalists who can't stop banging on
               | about how Persians aren't Arabs.
               | 
               | Not correct and borderline ad hom. I am a Muslim and do
               | not care for such ethnic distinctions.
        
         | goto11 wrote:
         | > I seriously wonder if this is still nursing ancient Persian
         | Greek/Roman rivalries and is a byproduct of a chauvinist
         | classical education of the European educated set of 19th
         | century. I find it very strange.
         | 
         | You are overthinking this. It is called Arabian Nights (in some
         | translations) because the stories are translated from Arabic.
         | It is like calling the Brothers Grimm fairy tales German, even
         | though some of the stories may have originated somewhere else.
         | 
         | The 19 century orientalists were certainly chauvinist by modern
         | standards, but did not in particular elevate Arab culture above
         | Persian culture.
         | 
         | Suggesting that Arab culture supplied just one story to the
         | collection makes _you_ the chauvinist. The stories have all
         | kinds of origins - Persian, Indian, Mesopotamian, Egyptian,
         | Syrian, even European.
        
       | Iv wrote:
       | Always fun to remind people that Aladdin is actually Chinese in
       | the original stories.
       | 
       | But then, let's be fair, their depiction of China sounds like it
       | was just a placeholder for "far away land"
        
         | somethingtoday wrote:
         | Even to this day, the word China in Arabic (pronounced "seen")
         | means far away.
         | 
         | So if your friend lives across town and you are inconvenienced,
         | in Arabic you would say "why do you live in China?".
        
           | minikites wrote:
           | Taking "the slow boat to China" is an idiom in English for a
           | long duration or long journey.
        
           | Flex247A wrote:
           | In Hindi, we pronounce it as 'Cheen', with the 'ch' sound.
        
           | heistus wrote:
           | The word "china" might mean 'far' but only in a metaphorical
           | way As is the case in many other languages. But the word for
           | "far" or "far away" in arabic is definitely not "china /
           | lSyn"
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | I love that in Arabic, China is a metaphor for "far away,"
           | and in Chinese, China is basically "the central place." I am
           | hoping to find out that the Pashto or Hindu for China means
           | "medium far away."
        
           | legends2k wrote:
           | Surprising, China's pronunciation in Tamil is also similar,
           | 'Seena '!
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | axiom92 wrote:
         | On a related note, some languages become placeholder for
         | "gibberish." For example, English speakers often say "it sounds
         | Greek."
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/TommSciortino/status/1357376440170258434
        
       | sorenso wrote:
       | Perhaps one of the greatest Arabic, Middle Eastern, and Islamic
       | contributions to world literature, the many stories of the
       | Arabian Nights, in their various forms and genres, have
       | influenced literature, music, art, and cinema, and continue to do
       | so until our present day.
        
       | goto11 wrote:
       | Fun fact about Arabian Nights: Some of the stories are only known
       | from the French translation by Galland. By his own account he
       | wrote them down (in French) based on narration from a Syrian
       | Maronite storyteller who visited him in Paris. The well known
       | story of Aladdin only exists in French - there is no known
       | original in Arabic.
       | 
       | Borges suggested Galland might simply have made up the story of
       | Aladdin on his own, others that is might be an original creation
       | by the Maronite storyteller.
       | 
       | Folklorists have pointed out that the set of stories recorded
       | from the storyteller have a number of story tropes more
       | characteristic of European rather than Middle Eastern folk tales.
       | 
       | Wikipedia carefully states: "Aladdin is a folk tale most probably
       | of Middle Eastern origin".
        
         | hassancf wrote:
         | Sorry for being blunt but: absence of evidence is not evidence
         | of absence (of original texts in Arabic about Alaaddin that
         | predate Galland etc).
         | 
         | A lot of the original stories may be verbal oral and not
         | necessarily written, another lot may be lost (burn libraries
         | etc) and this all happened from 400 to 1000 years ago, so not
         | exactly yesterday.
        
         | jarenmf wrote:
         | Indeed, Hanna Diyab is a very interesting person
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Diyab
        
         | masterphilo wrote:
         | > Folklorists have pointed out that the set of stories recorded
         | from the storyteller have a number of story tropes more
         | characteristic of European rather than Middle Eastern folk
         | tales.
         | 
         | Interesting, could you give us an example of these
         | characteristics?
         | 
         | Islamic and European societies during the period of these
         | stories were different in unique ways, and for that reason I'm
         | not exactly sure how those characteristics were more similar to
         | the one rather than the other.
        
           | bodhiandphysics wrote:
           | So the crucial thing about story telling is that it's not a
           | literary genre. And that means that's it's often
           | extemporaneous. In order to make up stories on the spot,
           | storytellers use a body of elements (motifs, incidents, etc.)
           | that they can dump in when they need them. Literary genres
           | close to oral storytelling, like chivalric romance, the
           | Sanskrit katha, and Arabian nights tales, usually keep this
           | quality. (Btw, a good storyteller can do amazing things in
           | this framework).
           | 
           | The issue with Alladin, Sinbad, and Ali baba, is that they
           | lack most of the common motifs of Arabian nights tales (IE
           | the slave whose mistake solves the problem, bedtricks, the
           | sultan who solves everything, the discovered needed object)
           | but do possess motifs very characteristic of 17 and 18th
           | century French folktales (notably alladins rags to riches
           | story, and the princesses cup trick). They also are less
           | motif heavy in general! That doesn't mean the translator made
           | them up by the way... the resemblance to French folktales
           | could be an accident, and they could be from another
           | storytelling tradition, but they don't seem like Arabian
           | nights stories
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | defen wrote:
         | > By his own account he wrote them down (in French) based on
         | narration from a Syrian Maronite storyteller who visited him in
         | Paris
         | 
         | That sounds a lot like the origin story of Don Quixote...
         | (within the text, it was allegedly told to Cervantes by Cide
         | Hamete Benengeli)
        
           | goto11 wrote:
           | The storyteller did exist though. He even wrote a memoir! But
           | he didn't write down his own stories. He narrated them for
           | Galland, presumably in French, and Galland wrote them down...
           | a few days later... from memory.
        
       | NiceWayToDoIT wrote:
       | The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Thousand and One Nights, Vol.
       | I., by Anonymous
       | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34206/34206-h/34206-h.htm
        
         | Balgair wrote:
         | The abridged Harvard Classics copy is here, for anyone looking
         | for another source/version:
         | http://www.myharvardclassics.com/downloads/20120213_1/downlo...
        
       | natemcintosh wrote:
       | I would highly recommend the musical interpretation by Rimsky-
       | Korsakov (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheherazade_(Rimsky-
       | Korsakov). The violin soloist as Scheherazade leads the Sultan
       | through the stories. See the Overview section of the wikipedia
       | page for her theme, and his theme. It's a piece I always love to
       | come back to.
        
         | Digit-Al wrote:
         | I've enjoyed that one since I was a child. Funnily enough I
         | listened to it just a few weeks ago after having not listened
         | to it for years.
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | Jorge Luis Borges wrote an excellent comparison of translations
       | of the Arabian Nights, notably those of Galland, Burton, Lane and
       | Mardrus. His conclusion was the Lane one was most faithful to the
       | original, despite being prudishly bowdlerized, that Mardrus
       | emphasized the sensual aspects to titillate his readers and
       | Burton on the other hand over-emphasized the violence. I've read
       | the Galland, Mardrus and Burton but not Lane, and can agree on
       | his characterizations of the first three.
       | 
       | It's great to see they have left the footnotes, that are some of
       | the most interesting aspects of the translation (trigger warning:
       | Burton was a Victorian and exhibits all the casual racism of his
       | epoch, despite being very forward-looking in surprising ways).
       | 
       | My favorite one is from volume 1:
       | 
       | [FN#543] Arab. Al-Zalamah lit. = tyrants, oppressors, applied to
       | the police and generally to employes of Government. It is a word
       | which tells a history.
        
         | grandpa wrote:
         | The opening of Borges' essay is absolutely brilliant writing:
         | 
         | > AT TRIESTE, IN 1872, in a palace with damp statues and
         | deficient hygienic facilities, a gentleman on whose face an
         | African scar told its tale -- Captain Richard Francis Burton,
         | the English consul -- embarked on a famous translation of the
         | Quitab aliflaila ua laila, which the roumis know by the title,
         | The Thousand and One Nights. One of the secret aims of his work
         | was the annihilation of another gentleman (also weatherbeaten,
         | and with a dark Moorish beard) who was compiling a vast
         | dictionary in England and who died long before he was
         | annihilated by Burton. That gentleman was Edward Lane, the
         | Orientalist, author of a highly scrupulous version of The
         | Thousand and One Nights that had supplanted a version by
         | Galland. Lane translated against Galland, Burton against Lane;
         | to understand Burton we must understand this hostile dynasty.
         | 
         | Borges also admires Burton's footnotes:
         | 
         | > Thus Volume Six (which I have before me) includes some three
         | hundred notes, among which are the following: a condemnation of
         | jails and a defense of corporal punishment and fines; some
         | examples of the Islamic respect for bread; a legend about the
         | hairiness of Queen Belkis' legs; an enumeration of the four
         | colors that are emblematic of death; a theory and practice of
         | Oriental ingratitude; the information that angels prefer a
         | piebald mount, while Djinns favor horses with a bright-bay
         | coat; a synopsis of the mythology surrounding the secret Night
         | of Power or Night of Nights; a denunciation of the
         | superficiality of Andrew Lang; a diatribe against rule by
         | democracy; a census of the names of Mohammed, on the Earth, in
         | the Fire, and in the Garden; a mention of the Amalekite people,
         | of long years and large stature; a note on the private parts of
         | the Moslem, which for the man extend from the navel to his
         | knees, and for the woman from the top of the head to the tips
         | of her toes; a consideration of the asa'o [roasted beef] of the
         | Argentine gaucho; a warning about the discomforts of
         | "equitation" when the steed is human; an allusion to a
         | grandiose plan for cross-breeding baboons with women and thus
         | deriving a sub-race of good proletarians. At fifty, a man has
         | accumulated affections, ironies, obscenities, and copious
         | anecdotes; Burton unburdened himself of them in his notes.
        
         | devindotcom wrote:
         | I did not know this exists. Can't wait to look it up and read
         | it, thanks.
        
           | gwern wrote:
           | https://www.gwern.net/docs/borges/1936-borges-
           | thetranslators...
        
       | HelloNurse wrote:
       | The files at the provided link are dated 2002 and 2016, not 2021.
       | Am I missing something?
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | I'm one of the lucky 10,000 who didn't know that the entirety
         | of the Arabian Nights was on Gutenberg.
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/1053/
        
         | Freak_NL wrote:
         | The sixth supplement volume was released this year:
         | http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64384
         | 
         | I'm not seeing the last and seventh supplement volume (volume
         | 17 of 17 in total), perhaps that was released recently?
        
       | IgorPartola wrote:
       | If someone wants to listen to some of these stories, the Myths
       | and Legends podcast does a nice exploration and breakdown of a
       | lot of these and other stories.
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | Meta-comment: The text on this page is tiny! 12px according to
       | the stylesheet.
       | 
       | I have to increase it to 150% to get a comfortable font size.
       | That's crazy.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | It's exactly the same font-size as on this site, isn't it? I
         | don't think it's an unusually small font-size.
        
           | extrememacaroni wrote:
           | I have HN zoomed in to 200% on my monitor.
        
           | Zababa wrote:
           | I personally use HN zoomed to 125% on a 23 inches monitor
           | that's about 25 inches from my eyes. I like how the simple
           | design scales well.
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | HN is 9pt which is also tiny indeed.
        
       | idlewords wrote:
       | There's a really nice modern translation of the Arabian nights by
       | Husain Haddawy, that is worth your time. The preface to that
       | translation goes into a lot of fun detail about the book's
       | complex trajectory, and its unhappy translations by Burton and
       | others. The first volume contains the closest thing to Arabian
       | Nights "canon". Haddawy then published a second volume with
       | stories that glommed onto the text later, but are massively
       | popular, including Ala-Addin and the Magic Lamp and Sinbad the
       | Sailor.
       | 
       | The Burton translation is of more interest as an psychosexual
       | glimpse into the guy's mind, and an Orientalist artifact, than
       | for the story istelf. Burton wrote in a bizarrely archaicized
       | English that has no counterpart in the text, which reads like all
       | oral storytelling everywhere--repetitive, engaging, and fun.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Interesting. I have made it through only a third or so of the
         | Mathers' translation (translated to English from the French
         | translation).
         | 
         | I started the Burton translation but found the wording - dense?
         | It seemed it should be more authentic though since it was a
         | direct English translation.
         | 
         | Burton, as I have glimpsed, was quite a character.
        
           | idlewords wrote:
           | Burton translated into a fantastical, archaicized, almost
           | unreadable version of English of his own invention. The
           | Haddaway introduction has some nice examples of his prose
           | compared to a "straight" translation of the original text.
        
             | devindotcom wrote:
             | I find Burton's translation incredible - though certainly
             | it is also fantastical and archaicized. For a first reader
             | I think it might be a bit daunting, but honestly I love it.
             | 
             | Like any ancient work, it's worth hopping between a few
             | translations over the years depending on what you're
             | currently into. I've got a shelf full of Iliads and
             | Odysseys because I can't decide which I like best.
        
             | vixen99 wrote:
             | Amazing how the 'almost unreadable' Burton's Thousand
             | Nights continues to sell to this day, even on Kindle. As
             | far as I can gather, there is plenty of sexual imagery in
             | the original manuscript undoubtedly emphasized by Burton.
             | Suggestions of really gross mis-translation or invention by
             | Burton, seem to be thin on the ground.
        
               | idlewords wrote:
               | I just referred you to a source for both. Burton is more
               | inspired fanfic than translation. Some people like it!
        
               | gjm11 wrote:
               | The trouble with Burton isn't _inaccuracy_ so much as
               | _unreadability_ , or at least _clumsiness_ , because he
               | translated into an idiosyncratic variety of English never
               | used by anyone else before or since.
               | 
               | Here's an example from the introduction to Dawood's
               | translation, which I happen to have handy:
               | 
               | "But she rejoined by saying, 'Allah upon you both that ye
               | come down forthright, and if you come not, I will rouse
               | upon you my husband, this Ifrit, and he shall do you to
               | die by the illest of deaths'; and she continued making
               | signals to them."
               | 
               | I'm sure that's an accurate enough translation of the
               | relevant bit of the _Nights_. But it 's not good English.
               | "Allah upon you"? "do you to die by the illest of
               | deaths"? Maybe the idea is to give it an exotic flavour,
               | but the stories themselves provide enough of that, and so
               | far as I know the original language wouldn't feel exotic
               | to a native reader.
        
               | almostarockstar wrote:
               | I'm fascinated.
               | 
               | It sounds like a pidgin, or literal translation. Can
               | anybody compare the grammar used to that of the original
               | text? Or is it a work of complete imagination?
        
               | Wohlf wrote:
               | In fairness I believe Shakespeare also wrote his works in
               | idiosyncratic English.
        
               | webmobdev wrote:
               | The english translation that you quoted sounds very
               | similar in nature to the english translation of Quranic
               | verses. The Quran is kind of poetic in its language and
               | hence its translation always sounds a bit odd. This makes
               | me wonder whether the original Arabian Nights were also
               | in the nature of a _narrative poem_?
        
               | GeoAtreides wrote:
               | English is my second language and I find his translation
               | (and the fragment you quoted) clear, interesting and
               | poetic. Reminds of King James Bible translation, which I
               | also greatly enjoy.
        
               | gjm11 wrote:
               | One thing the KJV has in common with Burton's translation
               | is a certain deliberate archaism -- its language was
               | rather old-fashioned when it was published in 1610.
               | 
               | There's (obviously) absolutely nothing with liking
               | deliberately archaic, slightly high-flown language.
               | Personally I find it rather annoying in Burton but like
               | it in the KJV, but different people have different
               | tastes.
               | 
               | Though ... A lot of people who read the KJV are doing so
               | not so much for the enjoyment of its literary style, but
               | because they believe it to be the Word of God;
               | unfortunately this means that many people are seeking
               | divine enlightenment from a translation that (1) in many
               | cases they don't understand well just because its
               | language is hundreds of years separated from what they're
               | accustomed to speaking and reading, and that (2) is based
               | on now-outdated textual scholarship and therefore does a
               | suboptimal job of reporting what the allegedly divinely
               | inspired writers actually wrote. That seems unfortunate.
        
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