[HN Gopher] Security Breach at US Universities
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Security Breach at US Universities
        
       Author : babelfish
       Score  : 333 points
       Date   : 2021-04-01 04:45 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dorper.me)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dorper.me)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | korginator wrote:
       | Accellion's FTA goes EOL this month. They've been pushing
       | customers to upgrade to their new Kiteworks product, but it does
       | not excuse them from having to deal with the disaster with their
       | FTA product which is still technically and contractually
       | supported by the company. Though the vuln was reported in mid-Dec
       | 2020 and the company released a patch a week later, is a PR
       | disaster for them.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Oh it's been going on for decades with all the communists and
       | socialists. They've fully infected the education system as
       | they've wanted to starting back in the 1950's. Bravo snowflakes!
        
       | Fiveplus wrote:
       | Person in the comment section, I'd take that tor link of the
       | published data down.
        
         | kiallmacinnes wrote:
         | Honestly, I don't think it matters - the data is out, there's
         | no putting it back in the box.
        
         | sodality2 wrote:
         | It was emailed to thousands of UC students and workers. not
         | private anymore
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | The breach was apparently in some secure file transfer
       | complianceware.
       | 
       | Maybe complianceware should be banned.
        
         | KMag wrote:
         | Failing that, complianceware should be restricted to running
         | its non-Turing-complete rules locally rather than routing
         | everything sensitive through one sweet sweet target host.
        
         | lvs wrote:
         | Authoritarian IT is always insisting everyone use cloud
         | services -- but exactly the same cloud service for everyone.
         | This seems designed to fail.
        
       | caterama wrote:
       | Everyone, let's have this "secure" service where we put _ALL_ of
       | our sensitive data!! Including export controlled materials? To be
       | honest, it seems like PII including SSN leak regularly.
       | Whatever... freeze your credit and get monitoring. On the other
       | hand, export controlled ITAR/EAR... now that's bad!
        
         | iso1631 wrote:
         | Why is SSN considered secure information? It's the equivalent
         | of a username (or indeed just a name), or a phone number.
        
           | Daho0n wrote:
           | In a perfect world. In this world it is often username and
           | password in one. Know the SSN and you are the SSN owner.
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | Which is the fault of the person treating it as a password.
             | 
             | If I said
             | 
             | "can I have a loan, my name is John Smith from 123 Main
             | Street"
             | 
             | And the bank gave me money and stuck it on John Smith's
             | account, people (John Smith) wouldn't stand for it.
             | 
             | In an ideal world SSNs would be published in a global
             | lookup list, getting rid of the entire idea in the average
             | person's head that SSNs are secret information when they
             | aren't.
        
               | tuwtuwtuwtuw wrote:
               | > In an ideal world
               | 
               | Could just replace that with "in other countries".
               | 
               | Where I live my personal number is considered public and
               | government will give it to anyone asking. Authentication
               | is done using one time codes, certificates,
               | identification cards and similar. Nothing stops a company
               | from treating the personal number as some authentication
               | factor but it would make no sense.
        
               | perpetualpatzer wrote:
               | Ignorant american question... in not-in-person
               | transactions, how do they make sure that the one time
               | code/ certificate goes to John, not just someone claiming
               | to be John? Is there some centralized password
               | issuer/validator that can only be reset in person?
        
               | mejutoco wrote:
               | Here in Germany you either get some username and password
               | in person, setup an app for 2FA, or sometimes you get two
               | different letters (one with the username and another one
               | with the password). I guess so that it is slightly more
               | difficult to intercept both.
               | 
               | For a few services if you forget the password you get the
               | letters again.
        
               | yarcob wrote:
               | Here in Austria there is a free phone app (Handysignatur)
               | that allows you to authenticate to a variety of services.
               | It's a two factor system, so someone would need to steal
               | both your phone and your password to impersonate you. For
               | initial activation, you need to go to a government office
               | and show your passport to verify your identity.
               | 
               | It's mostly used to log into government services, but you
               | can also use it to digitally sign arbitrary PDFs.
               | 
               | Banks have their own system where you need an app from
               | the bank to confirm your identity when logging into your
               | bank account or to authorize payments.
               | 
               | As far as I know, identity theft is really not much of an
               | issue here. The biggest weakness is phishing (eg. people
               | could call and pretending to work for your bank, asking
               | to you to confirm something on your phone app)
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | The problem in the US is that the SSN is treated as being
               | a secret form of information. It's not a problem with the
               | SSN, it's a cultural problem.
               | 
               | (A large number of problems in the US are cultural
               | problems, and many "solutions" from SV are solutions for
               | uniquely american problems)
        
               | angry_octet wrote:
               | It's a secret that you are compelled to share with many
               | many entities. And apparently it is hard coded into 'too
               | many' places to change. I would bet the US is still using
               | SSNs of the exact same format when I'm long dead.
        
               | jffry wrote:
               | Yeah, it's crazy the extent to which banks have gotten
               | away with shifting the blame onto consumers in the USA
               | for "the bank didn't verify your identity and we got
               | defrauded, and now we will falsely report this debt as
               | yours with minimal consequences to us, and it's on you to
               | prove that something didn't happen".
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | > Which is the fault of the person treating it as a
               | password
               | 
               | Fault isn't the important question. Often the _damage_ is
               | done to the SSN owner, with zero consequences to the
               | person /organization who misuse and/or mishandle the
               | data.
        
         | pmiller2 wrote:
         | That just sounds like a single point of failure to me. That is,
         | if this is a serious proposal. Sarcasm does not come through on
         | the internets very well. :P
        
           | JellyBeanThief wrote:
           | It is sarcasm. The tell is the quoted word "secure", and the
           | hyper-emphasized word _ALL_.
        
       | fps_doug wrote:
       | Great. Just great. This is days after I learned about the new
       | Germany-wide deal with Microsoft for licensing their software and
       | services, so it perfectly fuels my fears. Before, it was mostly
       | just a volume license for Windows and Office, but now it's the
       | full arsenal, M365, Teams, and, announced very proudly by our
       | University, we'll be moving our Active Directory to the hybrid
       | cloud. Every Student and Staff will automatically have their
       | personal data deployed to the Azure cloud. Isn't that great?
       | Finally Germany is working on tech incompet^Windependence! What
       | could go wrong?
       | 
       | I mean, they assured they'd form a working group with other
       | Universities about remaining concerns regarding privacy issues in
       | Windows 10 and planning to confront Microsoft about them. I guess
       | Microsoft is shivering with fears and busy removing all telemetry
       | right now.
       | 
       | Other great changes form this new deal are that Universities now
       | have to pay a full Windows license for every employee, no matter
       | how many hours they work; before you'd pay by how many full-time
       | jobs all the employees would make up for. That means most
       | Universities pay twice as much now. And did you know the new deal
       | explicitly forbids remote access to any Windows machine under
       | this license? You have to pay extra for that. What a strange
       | coincidence regarding the current epidemic. Universities' legal
       | departments are clueless whether this only applies to RDP, or
       | alternative 3rd party tools as well (or rather whether this would
       | hold up in court).
       | 
       | This is the first time the deal is made nation-wide, you'd think
       | this puts our Universities in a better position, but we got
       | fucked in every way possible.
       | 
       | I realize this is only marginally related with the original post,
       | but 1) sorry, I just had to vent somewhere, this seemed just like
       | the final straw, and 2) am I the weird one for seeing a problem
       | in this trend? Universities were once driving innovation in
       | technology, students were fiddling with emerging and expensive
       | tech, but today we already have some Universities that don't even
       | have their own datacenter anymore, _everything_ is hosted
       | elsewhere and maintained by contractors. Students access SaaS via
       | a Browser. Walled gardens everywhere. This doesn 't help.
        
         | rorykoehler wrote:
         | Windows 10 home edition doesn't even offer full disk
         | encryption. That's how much Microsoft cares about security.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | MS full disk encription is like FBI (or MI6) full disk
           | encription. If your wife does not know the key it does not
           | mean it is secure when everybody else knows it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | I find it bizarre that after Stasi and other stuff, German
         | people are not opposed to massive personal data collection.
         | It's the same thing, except that instead of the state your data
         | is owned by private entity that can technically do anything
         | they want with it. It is scary.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | I mean ... Stasi and Gestapo kept different kind of data. You
           | would have to do a more and different kind of analysis to
           | make it into argument that makes sense. And seems like the
           | people who throw around Stasi dont really know what that
           | organization done.
           | 
           | Contemporary Germany has bureaucratic tendencies.
        
           | skytreader wrote:
           | Foreigner's two cents: it's not that they don't care---the
           | abysmal availability of Google Street View attests to that
           | among others---but rather a combination of (a) masses (and
           | hence bureaucrats) not having as comprehensive a definition
           | of "personal-data invasive" as those that work in tech and
           | (b) this German trust in any document that can be
           | ratified/made into a legal proclamation.
           | 
           | (a) isn't really uniquely German, of course. Most people not
           | in tech, though privacy-conscious, won't really bat an eyelid
           | on Windows 10 telemetry, Instagram's excess of data gathered,
           | etc.
           | 
           | With (b), I bet the Universities are satisfied that Microsoft
           | has all clearances/certifications to be GDPR-compatible or
           | whatever else. That pacifies their cynicism. If shit hits the
           | fan, the courts can worry about it. The important thing is
           | they checked all the boxes in the paperwork with sufficient
           | diligence.
           | 
           | Again, just my two cents. I'm not even European but it seems
           | to me Switzerland in real-life is what Germany is in most
           | people's imaginations. But again, that's just more of my
           | opinions.
        
           | unixhero wrote:
           | They are. Hence GDPR was invented by the EU and specifically
           | Germany.
        
         | iso1631 wrote:
         | > Universities' legal departments are clueless whether this
         | only applies to RDP, or alternative 3rd party tools as well (or
         | rather whether this would hold up in court).
         | 
         | How about IP KVMs? How about non-IP KVMs? How about a long usb
         | cable?
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | I'm continually shocked at the popularity of Microsoft software
         | inside organizations like this, _especially_ with its horrible
         | track record.
         | 
         | I guess software is weird that way: the market forces are
         | almost completely inverted which is how companies like
         | Microsoft,Oracle, and IBM keep going.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | I'm not at all shocked. The popularity of such SW is direct
           | proportional with the bribe money paid to government
           | officials. Remember the trip MS made to Munich ?
        
             | cambalache wrote:
             | That's why I laugh and laugh about people here,reddit or
             | twitter jerking off about how what a wonderful human
             | philanthropist Bill Gates is, as if among the other awful
             | things MS did is not to have created enforced monopolies in
             | almost all third world countries governments by bribing
             | their officials to accept MS products, and funding FUD
             | campaigns against any movement to open source/free
             | software.
        
         | merb wrote:
         | that is a stupid comment. the techies inside unversities are
         | horrendously underfunded. m365 at least will bring consistency
         | and will probably also make your date more secure to third
         | party actors.
         | 
         | it also comes with a5 licenses with a special and cheap deal so
         | it's basically ridicolous that all other customers are paying
         | for this.
         | 
         | > but today we already have some Universities that don't even
         | have their own datacenter anymore, everything is hosted
         | elsewhere and maintained by contractors. Students access SaaS
         | via a Browser. Walled gardens everywhere
         | 
         | tons of software was already from external contractors. I'm not
         | sure but some people like you are living in bubbles.
         | 
         | of course it would be possible to have everything open source.
         | BUT with our current governement M365 is the best solution. the
         | cdu sleeped for over 20 years to have a great open source
         | solution. so it would be impossible to have something
         | integrated ready within a short window, it would also blow a
         | huge budget. the only thing you can be mad about is our
         | government, the m365 is the best thing that could happen.
         | 
         | btw. I hate the strange bashing against american companies, as
         | if german companies are any better (they are not).
         | 
         | btw. I'm german and everytime I see something like that I'm
         | mad, we do everything to even have a SaaS vendor, with
         | ridiculous data privacy (only if you are an american company,
         | for german company's the authoritis are looking away or making
         | special rules) and than our governement fucks every citizen by
         | making rules that don't even work together with the privacy
         | rules. time to relocate. everything starts to be stupid and the
         | wrong questions are asked.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | " _When disagreeing, please reply to the argument instead of
           | calling names. 'That is idiotic; 1 + 1 is 2, not 3' can be
           | shortened to '1 + 1 is 2, not 3._'"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | merb wrote:
             | yeah sorry, i was filled by rage, when posting that.
        
             | bitmapbrother wrote:
             | When are you going to lift the shadow banning and post
             | limiting on me? It's been how long?
        
           | fps_doug wrote:
           | > the techies inside unversities are horrendously
           | underfunded. m365 at least will bring consistency and will
           | probably also make your date more secure to third party
           | actors.
           | 
           | True, but no reason to dig an even deeper hole.
           | 
           | > of course it would be possible to have everything open
           | source. BUT with our current governement M365 is the best
           | solution. the cdu sleeped for over 20 years to have a great
           | open source solution. so it would be impossible to have
           | something integrated ready within a short window, it would
           | also blow a huge budget. the only thing you can be mad about
           | is our government, the m365 is the best thing that could
           | happen.
           | 
           | You're completely ignoring that I'm complaining about the
           | move to the cloud, and the restrictiveness of the contract.
           | Even just continuing the old contract and staying with
           | offline-Office would have been better.
           | 
           | > btw. I hate the strange bashing against american companies,
           | as if german companies are any better (they are not).
           | 
           | I never even hinted at this being about Microsoft being
           | American. I don't want my University to upload my PII to "the
           | cloud" so I can use Word in a Browser.
           | 
           | You're basically saying we shouldn't even be trying anymore.
           | Why not shut down the CS departments of universities entirely
           | and just hand out accounts to Skillshare et al., so those
           | still interested in CS can learn from there? There's nothing
           | left a University could offer that you can't access from
           | there. Maybe a couple credits for the Azure cloud if you need
           | to do something computationally intensive. Your University
           | surely doesn't have anything left in-house for this anyways.
        
             | merb wrote:
             | > You're completely ignoring that I'm complaining about the
             | move to the cloud, and the restrictiveness of the contract.
             | Even just continuing the old contract and staying with
             | offline-Office would have been better.
             | 
             | a cloud is a necessity. it's basically impossible to have a
             | local solution, for every fucking university and most stuff
             | is basically serices built together with closed and open
             | source software, which is a managemend disaster.
             | 
             | > I never even hinted at this being about Microsoft being
             | American. I don't want my University to upload my PII to
             | "the cloud" so I can use Word in a Browser.
             | 
             | your PII is uploaded to so many companies, besides
             | microsoft. microsoft is probably the lesser evil of all
             | these.
             | 
             | > You're basically saying we shouldn't even be trying
             | anymore. Why not shut down the CS departments of
             | universities entirely and just hand out accounts to
             | Skillshare et al., so those still interested in CS can
             | learn from there? There's nothing left a University could
             | offer that you can't access from there. Maybe a couple
             | credits for the Azure cloud if you need to do something
             | computationally intensive.
             | 
             | we should but as of now we should have a intermediate ms
             | solution. btw. the cs departments most of the time do
             | managed services, they do not develop stuff. often they
             | already manage microsoft solutions, so they already use
             | microsoft active directory and exchange. most of them were
             | also breached by hafnium.
             | 
             | what we should do is built a edu cloud (SaaS/PaaS/IaaS)
             | with services (open source) for students and profs, which
             | has a central mail system and is managed centrally. but
             | until this is built you need a working solution.
             | 
             | > Your University surely doesn't have anything left in-
             | house for this anyways.
             | 
             | I'm not a student anymore, but most universities do not
             | have that much selfbuild code lying around anyways. I mean
             | most people working at universities don't care what they os
             | is, they want to use their ms outlook or ms word. of course
             | some universties are way more science oriented and thus
             | more personal wants to use linux & co or write stuff in
             | latex, but that is a minority.
             | 
             | also as soon as you are leaving your university, there are
             | only a handful of corporations where you won't be using a
             | ms product. after hafnium tons of them are also moving to
             | m365.
        
               | yarcob wrote:
               | > a cloud is a necessity
               | 
               | For whom? It's a necessity for software vendors, because
               | they finally have an easy and straightforward way to bill
               | per user.
               | 
               | Nobody _needs_ a cloud based solution, running software
               | on a local machine is a perfectly workable solution.
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | > Nobody needs a cloud based solution, running software
               | on a local machine is a perfectly workable solution.
               | 
               | Except people who want to collaborate on the internet?
        
               | rnotaro wrote:
               | A private corporate internal cloud or internet-faced
               | services doesn't prevent access from the internet.
        
               | Applejinx wrote:
               | Used to use this thing back in the day called FTP. Oh,
               | and Usenet! :)
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I don't think FTP is acceptable equivalent.
        
               | moistbar wrote:
               | Just because the server isn't hosted by Microsoft doesn't
               | mean it's inaccessible from the internet...
        
               | oauea wrote:
               | Nope nope nope. Wrong on so many levels.
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | I worked at a company where they from the start were
             | building all their internal tools like their own Jira-like
             | system, their own Slack and so on. When you started
             | working, for the first three to six months you were only
             | working on those tools and also learning the internal
             | culture. Then when the company had idle time or if you
             | wanted you could continue working on them.
             | 
             | I am thinking that universities have missed huge
             | opportunity to build their own m365. If they started 20
             | years ago, by now they would have mature system tailored
             | for their own organisation. But you needed people with
             | vision and able to get others on their side. Something like
             | this would be perfect for CS students, to have a taste of
             | the corporate real world before even starting their
             | professional life. Unfortunately these days I don't see
             | much value in universities when it comes to CS. It may be
             | useful for networking as you get a chance to meet like
             | minded people and spend time with them, but other than that
             | you can learn everything online mostly for free these days.
             | Something like 20 years ago universities had advantage that
             | they had resources you wouldn't otherwise get, but now that
             | advantage is gone. Many people just see it as a fun time
             | outside of parents' home and don't take it seriously.
        
               | ipython wrote:
               | The universities _did_ build such systems. See Andrew at
               | CMU or Athena at MIT. They built a ton of infrastructure,
               | from distributed file systems (afs) to chat systems
               | (zephyr), word processors (ez), multimedia email
               | (messages) and so on.
               | 
               | Some developments from those projects live on today, such
               | as Kerberos. But most of those innovations had crappy
               | user interfaces and never made it outside the university.
               | Commercial companies took their ideas and built products
               | mere mortals could use. Now there is no reason not to use
               | the commercial products that are more stable, more
               | secure, and have more applicability outside the
               | university. Plus you have to serve students who aren't
               | there for CS with the same network.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | Isn't the fact that these product were not of commercial
               | quality an indication that maybe the courses were not
               | that great? How people can learn building something that
               | is useful, easy to operate and adding value if at a place
               | where they supposed to learn it, they are not taking it
               | seriously or don't have enough skill to teach it? I hope
               | this doesn't look like an attack, I am genuinely
               | interested.
        
               | ipython wrote:
               | Like most things, I believe the issue comes down to
               | incentives. If you are a university student studying CS,
               | what's your incentive? To get the best grade possible in
               | your course, most likely. What is your shortest path to a
               | great grade? Is it adding user friendly features? Or
               | demonstrating mastery of applying theoretical principles
               | in software, for example by implementing a novel
               | distributed consensus algorithm? Plus your course lasts
               | at most a semester, to perhaps several years if you are
               | lucky to work on the same project the entire time you're
               | paying to attend university.
               | 
               | The incentive for commercial companies on the other hand
               | is entirely opposite. Their incentive is to build a
               | product that appeals to the widest population faster than
               | their competitors. They optimize for user friendliness
               | and eschew the untested in favor of hacky solutions that
               | work now. From the developers perspective, they are now
               | paid to work so they have more of an incentive to do
               | things that may not be as attractive to them personally
               | such as fixing bugs.
               | 
               | Also, there is a difference between university and
               | apprenticeship. Traditionally university focused on
               | teaching the soft skills, the "liberal arts", providing a
               | broad base of knowledge from history to widen the mind of
               | those who attend. It's not meant to be a job training
               | center. Unfortunately these days it seems that most
               | employers are uninterested in mentoring and
               | apprenticeships, looking for the public to subsidize job
               | training for them. Universities in my opinion are poorly
               | set up for this, but alas this is what most expect.
        
               | zhdc1 wrote:
               | University programs manned primarily by 18-21 year olds
               | are supposed to compete against for-profit companies with
               | highly experienced and specialized engineering talent?
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | Shibboleh, a popular but overly-complex SAML
               | implementation (Single Sign-On), used by most
               | universities, was created this way.
        
           | deknos wrote:
           | > and will probably also make your date more secure to third
           | party actors.
           | 
           | you assume that the administration of these managed services
           | is better. This is an bold assumption.
        
             | angry_octet wrote:
             | If the email is based on the Exchange/AD paradigm then o365
             | is undoubtedly far more secure. An expertly administered
             | postfix system might deliver mail more securely but
             | probably has a weak web frontend.
             | 
             | I too prefer offline Office install for my own use, but
             | they are systemically less secure. Just rampant
             | exploitation.
        
           | DoofusOfDeath wrote:
           | > that is a stupid comment.
           | 
           | It's possible to strongly disagree with a comment without
           | inflammatory language. E.g.: "I really disagree with that
           | comment."
           | 
           | It helps keep the conversation productive.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | > with a special and cheap deal
           | 
           | and ever for a second you don't think that there may be a
           | catch?
        
           | avh02 wrote:
           | expat in Germany here, opinion: you have a lot of trash to
           | see elsewhere before you realise how good it is here.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | Do you have a link (German or English)? I couldn't find
         | anything, and at first glance it doesn't make any sense. There
         | is no single agency, group or person MS could negotiate with
         | nationwide, universities are pretty independent and education
         | is on the state level.
        
           | fps_doug wrote:
           | Yes, Universities can simply refuse to participate in this
           | deal, but it puts them in a worse position, as previously,
           | the deal was usually made on state level, which afaik no
           | state does anymore. I'm in BaWu and now the choice is either
           | negotiating with MS individually or taking the Bundesvertrag.
           | I think _technically_ they are still considered individual
           | deals per state, but they are effectively the same everywhere
           | ( "Campus und School-Rahmenvertrag").
           | 
           | E.g.:
           | 
           | https://www.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/de/microsoft-landesvertrag
           | 
           | https://www.rz.uni-
           | freiburg.de/services/beschaffung/software...
           | 
           | https://www.tu-chemnitz.de/urz/software/mslandesvertrag.php
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | I had never heard of this, thanks for the explanation and
             | the links!
        
       | athenot wrote:
       | Lots of great comments about not collecting/retaining sensitive
       | data in the first place.
       | 
       | Yes, we need to move away from SSN as a { unique-ID + secret }
       | combo. But that's a non-trivial task.
       | 
       | I'm starting to think we need something like PCI for SSN: want to
       | use a SSN? Bam! You are now subject to intense audits that will
       | evaluate all your data practices (and for which you will be
       | billed). Orrrr... use a third-party vendor and never touch this
       | data.
       | 
       | That being said, it's still not a perfect option because Credit
       | Card numbers can be rotated whereas SSN seems to be engraved in
       | stone. Still following the Credit Card analogy, having multiple
       | numbers would greatly help. Just the same as you don't go around
       | (anymore) showing everybody your bank routing information and
       | have multiple cards for various purposes, have multiple identity
       | numbers:
       | 
       | - tax ID number
       | 
       | - driver's license number
       | 
       | - passport number
       | 
       | - medical record number (yes, MRNs are a thing, just prefix it
       | with the org ID)
       | 
       | - medicare number
       | 
       | - actual social security number for only social security (and at
       | this point, a new one + rebranding is in order)
       | 
       | - credit-worthiness number
       | 
       | - etc.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | One more reason to decline to provide SSN or non-disposable
       | mailing address, email address, and phone numbers to institutions
       | or vendors.
       | 
       | Hopefully people stop finding it weird when customers don't want
       | their PII in the vendor's database.
        
         | nfin wrote:
         | yes. Hopefully that day comes where people understanding that
         | keeping your PII private is for good reasons, and not for
         | hiding anything bad...
         | 
         | It is a pitty, that many (most) governments make the life hard
         | (through laws/regulations/...) for companies wanting to offer
         | services like aliases for phone numbers.
         | 
         | Wouldn't it be great if I could give an alias phone number, and
         | if I want I can redirect that number into the void [1]
         | 
         | [1] or instead of redirect into the void possibly other good or
         | less good ideas like "pay $1 to call me"... which would help
         | some cases where I would have liked to delete an alias, but not
         | sure if I didn't give it to someone that I want to keep in
         | contact with
        
           | Daho0n wrote:
           | This is putting a bandaid on a rotten leg. What is needed is
           | a way to stop businesses from calling you if you haven't
           | given them permission. It is a huge problem in the US but it
           | isn't like this everywhere. The underlying problems should be
           | fixed instead: Laws that actually prevent this (enforced
           | laws) and the opportunity to block non-local calls from
           | places not as functional (like calls from the US).
           | 
           | I have had the same mobile phone number for decades and I get
           | maybe one call a year from a business that I haven't
           | specifically allowed or requested calling me and it is always
           | international because local laws actually work.
        
             | nfin wrote:
             | Yes, it is a band aid, or one solution out of many needed
             | ones, and yes, probably not highest priority in terms of
             | needs. But it doesn't have to be a either...or...
             | 
             | And I wouldn't derive from your lack of need from a lack of
             | need for others!! Independently from the country. Stealing
             | is allowed in _no_ country, and it still happens in _every_
             | country. Laws and enforcement is great, but it won 't stop
             | 100% cases, and if I like to have a door lock on my door
             | (or two), then let me do... I don't care if some don't feel
             | a need for it (and stealing is just an example... the same
             | for so many illegal things).
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | While I don't disagree with you on how bad things are now, good
         | luck with the idea of not giving your SSN to your employer or
         | university. At a certain point people will ask if your
         | intention is to move to a wood shack in Montana and write a
         | manifesto.
        
           | nightowl_games wrote:
           | Come a few hundred clicks north to Saskatchewan where wood
           | shacks and manifestos are something of a local past-time.
        
             | NetOpWibby wrote:
             | If they have high-speed fiber, it's a date!
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Sorry to disappoint.
        
               | Sander_Marechal wrote:
               | That's why StarLink is a thing!
        
             | swiley wrote:
             | It's honestly pretty tempting but the border is closed.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | Set up a corporation, employ yourself, and send invoices from
           | the corporation to the people who wish you to perform
           | services for them.
           | 
           | I've been doing this for over a dozen years. My customers
           | don't need to have a _single piece_ of my PII.
           | 
           | To be honest, the thought of sending even a single piece of
           | my PII to a customer or vendor gives me the heebie-jeebies,
           | given what we know about data breaches. I don't even let my
           | personal services people handle my data in Google Apps until
           | and unless I've shipped them a chromebook and walked them
           | through setting up hardware 2FA and enabling Advanced
           | Protection.
           | 
           | I'm waiting for a national bank chain or AmEx to get popped;
           | thanks to the legally mandated total lack of financial
           | privacy in the United States there's no way to insulate
           | oneself from those vendors.
        
             | EE84M3i wrote:
             | Isn't this pretty expensive?
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | Not in my experience.
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | Giving my SSN to my employer seems reasonable because that's
           | how I pay in to social security.
           | 
           | SSNs are fine as IDs (with time bound assumptions), the
           | problem is using them for authentication.
        
             | urda wrote:
             | > SSNs are fine as IDs
             | 
             | No, they actually are _NOT_ fine for ID or authentication.
             | They contain no security features and if an attacker knows
             | their victim 's birth location can often determine the
             | first set of digits of an SSN.
             | 
             | SSN are not fine as IDs.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | My name + address is fine for ID, everyone knows it, but
               | it's unique. There are no security features on my name.
               | 
               | I could claim my name is Joe Biden and I live at 1600
               | Pennsylvania Avenue, just like I could go onto HN and
               | claim my userid is urda, that isn't a problem.
               | 
               | The next step would be to authenticate - and that's where
               | the problem comes -- SSNs and names are no good for
               | authentication. They're a userid.
        
               | Daho0n wrote:
               | "Please identify yourself" doesn't mean "give me a random
               | name" but "prove who you are". It is a mess but To ID is
               | to authenticate who you are.
        
               | rocqua wrote:
               | In colloquial use, you are right.
               | 
               | In rigorous use in security, identification just means
               | unambiguously referring to a specific identity. This is
               | as simple as providing an identifier. Which the social
               | security number roughly does (they can be re-used after
               | death apparently).
               | 
               | Actually proving the provided identity is _your_ identity
               | is authentication. SSNs come with no decent
               | authentication method. Hence, the identifier of an SSN is
               | not very good in situations where authentication is
               | required.
               | 
               | For an example where authentication of identifiers is not
               | required. Consider the following: "Dear business please
               | identify all your employees so we can correctly give them
               | benefits". In this case, having identifiers for people is
               | sufficient.
               | 
               | Heck, any case where you are asked to identify a 3d party
               | cannot require authentication.
               | 
               | Strictly speaking "please identify yourself" means please
               | give me your name. If this is spoken by someone with
               | authority they may want prove of that claim. In that
               | case, it is great if authentication of your given
               | identifier is possible.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | > they can be re-used after death apparently
               | 
               | They aren't, I was wrong!
               | https://www.ssa.gov/history/hfaq.html
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | So if you have one, they are a unique record - a primary
               | key in a database for example. It can be changed, but far
               | less likely than a name change, and unlike names it is
               | unique.
               | 
               | For the US, that sounds like a perfectly good guid to use
               | in situations where a name isn't good enough (There's
               | more than one John Smith in the US). The company
               | authenticates your identity SSN with you via some means
               | other than you telling them, you authenticate with the
               | government via some means, and job done.
               | 
               | The problem is that the authentication bit doesn't exist.
               | It's basically 0-factor authentication.
               | 
               | Technically there's a trivial solution -- assuming the
               | government can authenticate a person's SSN (which they do
               | when tehy are given out), then at that point the person
               | gives their public key to the government, and this is
               | stored in an open database against the guid. That means
               | anyone needing to authenticate their SSN could simply use
               | their private key to do so.
               | 
               | In reality those private keys would of course not remain
               | private, so it's not a good solution, but it does
               | highlight how an SSN could be used.
               | 
               | Even with a secure SSN, that number should only be
               | collected by a company in limited circumstances -- you
               | shouldn't collect PII unless you have a legitimate need,
               | be that a name, phone number, or SSN, and you shouldn't
               | keep it for longer than you need to. In some countries
               | that's a legal requirement, but it's always the morally
               | right thing to do. If you need to communicate with the
               | government about a person, then sure, collect their SSN.
               | If you need to know where to ship their order, then sure,
               | collect their address.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean the address or SSN should be considered
               | secure.
        
             | d4mi3n wrote:
             | They are in fact _not_ great IDs and the Social Security
             | Administration asked very nicely for the rest of the
             | country to not use them as a form of identification:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Erp8IAUouus
             | 
             | A few reasons why SSNs are bad as IDs:
             | 
             | 1. There are a number of situations where people will not
             | have a SSN.
             | 
             | 2. SSNs are "secrets" that need to be broadly shared to
             | participate in many parts of business and government in the
             | US.
             | 
             | 3. SSNs lack many security and authentication mechanisms
             | most forms of ID have (e.g. photo ID)
             | 
             | There are folks in the US who rally against the idea of a
             | national ID, but I've always thought it was a silly
             | argument considering how pervasive and problematic SSNs are
             | as a form of identification.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | 4. SSN's are not unique, nor were they designed to be,
               | but people think they are.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | If a living person has a SSN they can be identified by it
               | [1]. That does not imply any individual can be identified
               | by a SSN or that any SSN identifies an individual. The
               | suitability of an SSN is situational for ID purposes.
               | 
               | The video conflates identification and authentication to
               | its detriment.
               | 
               | Social Security _Numbers_ are very good identifiers,
               | that's literally their purpose.
               | 
               | Social Security _Cards_ are poor _authentication_ tokens
               | because they contain no validation to prove the card
               | holder is the person associated with the _number_. Or
               | said another way, you cannot prove your identity
               | (authenticate) with a social security card.
               | 
               | I don't see what built in validation of the number has to
               | do with the security of the identifier.
               | 
               | So again, the problem is using a Social Security Number
               | or card for _authentication_. It's fine as an identifier.
               | 
               | [1]: Social Security Numbers can be reissued but this
               | should only happen when the number is no longer in use.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Too late to edit but apparently SSNs are not reused:
               | https://www.ssa.gov/history/hfaq.html
               | 
               | Q20: Are Social Security numbers reused after a person
               | dies?
               | 
               | A: No. We do not reassign a Social Security number (SSN)
               | after the number holder's death. Even though we have
               | issued over 453 million SSNs so far, and we assign about
               | 5 and one-half million new numbers a year, the current
               | numbering system will provide us with enough new numbers
               | for several generations into the future with no changes
               | in the numbering system.
        
               | nathanaldensr wrote:
               | I wonder how this is possible when there are only one
               | billion combinations of digits.
        
               | rodonn wrote:
               | There are only around 330 million Americans and about 5
               | million born/immigrated each year. 1 billion
               | possibilities will be enough for about 100 more years.
               | Presumably sometime before then we can replace or update
               | the system (or worst case add one more digit).
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure I read somewhere SSNs aren't even
               | guaranteed to be unique.
        
               | ACS_Solver wrote:
               | Somewhat tangential, but I've always found it weird when
               | I read about strong opposition of some in the US to
               | government ID, framing it as something that jeopardizes
               | the indivdiual's rights. My perspective from a European
               | point of view is different, a government system that
               | provides some ID (which is good both for identification
               | and authentication) is a crucial protection of my rights.
               | I don't want anybody to be able to impersonate me, which
               | means I want a universally accepted system of strong
               | authentication. That's what government ID is to me, it's
               | like a PGP keyring where the government is the introducer
               | in the web of trust.
               | 
               | In the absence of such a system, various ad-hoc systems
               | emerge, and that's IMO why identity theft is so
               | staggeringly common in the US - it's easy, and it's easy
               | because very poor systems are routinely used for
               | authentication. If I understand correctly, you can do a
               | lot in the US with one-factor knowledge authentication,
               | where the "something you know" are things like your name,
               | address, DOB or SSN, all of which are exceptionally poor
               | as authentication.
        
               | jhanschoo wrote:
               | One dimension to this is that racism and xenophobia is so
               | nakedly tolerated including in the political class in the
               | US, that many are fear that any governmental ID would
               | only be half-heartedly rolled out to inconvenient and
               | undesirable people in an effort to suppress their voice.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | While there is no _Federal_ ID every state in the Union
               | (to my knowledge) provides ID cards to citizens. These
               | vary slightly from place to place but all contain
               | verifiable identity (authentication).
               | 
               | This may seem strange to outsiders but makes more sense
               | when you consider the United States is a federation of
               | sovereign states. The system is built on the idea of
               | limited federal power with states sharing but retaining
               | much of their own sovereignty. This has many of the
               | benefits of any federated system and makes for a robust
               | democracy.
               | 
               | There's very little of consequence you can do in the
               | United States with single factor knowledge. If identity
               | theft is more common here than elsewhere (citation
               | needed) I would guess it has more to do with a lack of
               | consequences (consumer protection) than a Federal ID.
        
               | Daho0n wrote:
               | It's the same as the EU but with way more federal power
               | and way less local democracy.
        
               | ACS_Solver wrote:
               | I'm familiar with the US federal system, but as far as I
               | know, the individual state IDs still have the same
               | problem. In particular, they're apparently difficult to
               | obtain for poor or disadvantaged people, so there are
               | enough people without an ID to let the insecure ad-hoc
               | systems exist in parallel. So something like knowing the
               | SSN, or displaying an utility bill (trivially faked)
               | exists as a parallel ID form.
               | 
               | European government-issued IDs don't work well just
               | because they are accepted, they work well because no
               | other ID is accepted, and that's only possible when 99%
               | or more of the population has such an ID (and the rest
               | can be handled in a somewhat more convoluted but uncommon
               | procedure).
               | 
               | Of course I have no good insight into how feasible it is
               | for a US state / federal government to ensure that
               | everyone (for sufficiently large values of everyone) in
               | the state / country has an ID, without disadvantaging
               | anyone.
        
               | Daho0n wrote:
               | To be fair most systems in the EU is exactly the same.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | If you are a prospective student, are you going to risk your
         | future by using your college application to make a point about
         | privacy?
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | There's a strong argument to be made that one risks their
           | future in general by taking on the substantial debt usually
           | involved in attending a US university. There are worse things
           | one can do with regards to their future than keeping their
           | private data private.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | The only one of those things that has any claim to being a
         | secret is SSN. And that ship has sailed - at this point it
         | would be a public service to publish all SSNs so we're all
         | forced to stop treating it like knowing an SSN means something.
         | 
         | The rest belong in public directories, where they have been for
         | decades.
        
       | flowerlad wrote:
       | SSN, DOB and other personal data of my child is part of this
       | leak. But it was already leaked through a different hack at a
       | health insurance provider in any case.
       | 
       | It should be clear by now that as long as the data is stored
       | somewhere it is at risk of being leaked. It doesn't matter how
       | secure you think your tech stack is. Improving tech is not the
       | solution. Here's the solution:
       | 
       | 1. Don't collect information in the first place, unless
       | absolutely needed. Some schools collect DOB, address and so on
       | just to register for a webinar.
       | 
       | 2. Don't permanently store information. If you collect SSN for
       | employability verification then do the verification, store a
       | flag, then delete the SSN. Similarly, after verifying DOB, store
       | a flag then delete DOB.
       | 
       | 3. Assume information is already public. This is the most
       | important part. Despite all of the leaks happening, many
       | financial and other sites will let you use your DOB, SSN etc. to
       | prove that you are who you say you are. This is absurd. It
       | appears American businesses prioritize convenience over security.
       | Americans need to demand better.
        
         | godshatter wrote:
         | I agree completely with items 1 and 3, but 2 isn't really
         | practical. A person's employer doesn't just need the SSN for
         | verification, they need it to send tax-related data to the IRS,
         | and if your student has loans the SSN is needed for sending
         | data about loans to the Department of Education. It would be
         | impractical for them to ask the employee or student for this
         | information every time it was needed, so they store it. It
         | would be better to purge this data when it is no longer needed,
         | though.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | The solution is single-user tax/benefit-account identifiers:
           | someone gives you their authorized-user identifier, you go to
           | the issuer of your private id (SSA, IRS, whoever) with it and
           | get a single-use identifier for you to use for that user, and
           | you give them that, not your main identifier.
           | 
           | Ideally, the identifier they give you would be not be the one
           | that they use to government either, but one tired to it
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | They could do all the same with chip-and-pin. SSN should not
           | be used as they currently are, it's as simple as that.
        
         | fluidcruft wrote:
         | I think the solution is to make SSN useless for anything. It's
         | ridiculous what can be done with nothing more than what amounts
         | to glorified directory information. Why are SSN targets?
         | Because of what can be done with them. The world should expect
         | SSN to be in the same class as a phone number. Private, but
         | mostly useless. "Oh no... they hacked a database and got a list
         | of phone numbers." Not something you hear very often nor does
         | it really make people squirm.
         | 
         | I think we need something like drivers licenses with public-key
         | crypto. Lost your ID? Go to the police, prove your identity to
         | them and get a new driver's license. If people are worried the
         | masses are too dumb for PKI, then make it opt-in and leave it
         | to advocacy groups to expand utilization.
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | Your first paragraph misses the diagnosis a little bit your
           | prescription is correct.
           | 
           | The problem isn't specific to SSNs. Most authentication of
           | users in the public sector in the USA is done by knowledge of
           | facts, whereas it should require proof of government ID card
           | (preferably with digital certificate, not just knowledge of
           | the ID number)
        
             | stjohnswarts wrote:
             | Yep this is really the only way to fix it.
        
           | zamalek wrote:
           | > I think the solution is to make SSN useless for anything.
           | 
           | It is rapidly approaching that point by virtue of all these
           | breaches. SSNs are like gold or fiat currency: they only hold
           | value because they are relatively scarce. If too many are in
           | circulation, then no institution will trust them, which makes
           | them useless.
           | 
           | > If people are worried the masses are too dumb for PKI
           | 
           | Use OAuth to communicate with a central service that uses
           | FIDO2 for authentication. Easy to use, easy to revoke, almost
           | impossible to pwn.
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | Is an SSN really "useless", though? The problem is that the
             | heaviest costs of stolen identity are borne primarily by
             | the individual victim, not by the company which got
             | hoodwinked.
        
               | xbar wrote:
               | Useless is not the term of art. It is brittle. So, very,
               | very brittle.
               | 
               | Costs born by the victim are not the only problem. It is
               | that the brittleness of SSN makes it impossible to lay
               | the costs at the feet of the proper "company which got
               | hoodwinked".
               | 
               | You must share your SSN 100 times for: work, home,
               | credit, school, health. All of them have been popped 5
               | times each. 20 years later, you are victimized. Who pays?
               | 
               | SSN should be deprecated. You can pretty quickly reason
               | to public/private-key SSN alternatives. The US government
               | would actually do it for the consumer (this term) but the
               | US probably doesn't want to pay it's share of the
               | replacement cost to do so.
               | 
               | Still, we should demand it.
        
               | rectang wrote:
               | > _Who pays?_
               | 
               | Since all those companies can plausibly point to someone
               | else, the victim pays! Which is just how they like it --
               | privatize the profits and socialize the losses.
               | 
               | What would actually get creditors to stop using social
               | security numbers is if the SSN's utility as a proxy for
               | creditworthiness drops. But that won't happen, even with
               | many more breaches, because individual consumers need to
               | do everything they can to keep their credit scores up.
               | 
               | > _Still, we should demand it._
               | 
               | Yep. The market will not drive this. It will have to be
               | consumers, speaking collectively through the government,
               | imposing regulations.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | I really wish we had a real national ID card and SSN usage
         | because a thing of the past. Maybe a chip in the card like the
         | ones credit cards that provide one time use numbers for
         | verification. It seems like every couple of months I get a hit
         | on someone trying to take out a loan or similar but they are
         | blocked because I have my accounts frozen with the big 3 credit
         | agencies.
        
         | hctaw wrote:
         | 1) and 2) are definitely concrete things we can act on but 3)
         | is a battle you will lose.
         | 
         | The only reason that SSNs remain convenient is because there is
         | no viable alternative when your authorization hits government
         | or financial institutions.
         | 
         | Maybe financial institutions will get wise (I doubt it, unless
         | they have to pay $1,000,000 to every user whose SSN gets leaked
         | from their systems) but the government will probably never
         | change in our lifetimes.
         | 
         | It's not like universal government issued IDs haven't been
         | suggested, but the SSN is used because it's the thing
         | resembling one that hasn't died in committee or debate. There's
         | no political will to create a single identification system for
         | US Citizens and it will be fought tooth and nail by liberals
         | and conservatives.
        
           | zamalek wrote:
           | > it will be fought tooth and nail by liberals and
           | conservatives.
           | 
           | Then don't replace SSN, augment it. Once you opt-in, your
           | government-issued FIDO2 will be required alongside your SSN.
        
             | hctaw wrote:
             | There is fundamental opposition to the very notion of a
             | national ID system in the United States, it's not as simple
             | as "opt-in" or "SSN would be backwards compatible."
             | 
             | Here's the ACLU's stance:
             | https://www.aclu.org/other/5-problems-national-id-cards
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | I didn't suggest a national ID, I suggested optional
               | 2-factor SSN. I'm well aware of the spectrum of concerns
               | of a national ID system.
        
               | xbar wrote:
               | This, but include an actual SSN sunset date with a PKI-
               | style replacement in 10 years.
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | Given the the "market" has chosen to use public "secret"
         | information like SSN's, birthdates, "mother's maiden name",
         | etc, I'm fearful of what kind of hare brained solutions
         | industry would come up with on their own if left to design an
         | authentication system. That having been said, something needs
         | to change.
         | 
         | Culturally, I think we need to move away from the idea of
         | "identity theft", which places most of the burden of "restoring
         | their good name" on the individual whose "identity" was
         | "stolen". We need to treat it like what it is-- fraud. We
         | should hold the parties who are negligent in their duty to
         | authenticate liable for the fraud committed.
         | 
         | Insurance companies and banks would act quickly if the
         | liability were theirs. We'd have "chip and PIN" in the United
         | States if fraud liability rested with banks, instead of mainly
         | with merchants, for example.
         | 
         | I'd like to see the US Postal Service get into the
         | identity/authentication "game", personally, but efforts at a
         | state level would be better than nothing.
        
       | john37386 wrote:
       | At first, I thought accellion is a software for managing students
       | programs, schedules, courses, etc.
       | 
       | I decided to check their website and was stunned to learned that
       | it's: an Enterprise Content Firewall that prevent breaches and
       | compliance violations from risky 3rd party communications.
       | 
       | I guess they will need to review some of their core business
       | model because they failed to fulfill their promises to their
       | clients and customers.
        
       | leephillips wrote:
       | The damage from incidents such as this would be at least somewhat
       | limited if organizations did not collect SS numbers when they
       | have no legal purpose for doing so, and if people did not
       | automatically comply when asked to supply these numbers. Whenever
       | I go to the doctor and am asked to fill out the usual form while
       | waiting the usual 90 minutes past my scheduled appointment time,
       | I leave the ubiquitous space for my SS number blank. They are not
       | paying me a salary, so have no legitimate need for this number. I
       | know why they want it, and that purpose does not benefit me. Not
       | once has this led to a problem: they know that there is no legal
       | basis for demanding the number, but ask for it anyway, as they
       | have nothing to lose by doing so.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | Schools are required by law to file 1098-T tuition statements
         | with the IRS for almost all students.
         | 
         | That requires collecting social security numbers.
        
         | tenacious_tuna wrote:
         | Anecdote: I've been told previously that my state kept vaccine
         | records in a shared database indexed by SSN--as a way of easing
         | loss of medical records when patience switched providers.
         | 
         | It's possible they were doing something similar.
         | 
         | I've also had to give my SSN to verify my identity to my
         | insurance carrier at my dentist.
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | SSN is the de facto userID for lots of government systems.
           | 
           | It's sad for lots of reasons, but understandable considering
           | that it is useful. for whatever reason there isn't much
           | political will to make an honest effort at a federal
           | government ID (even though we de facto have multiple)
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | Universities do a lot of financial interactions with students,
         | including credit checks, housing, financial aid, and very high
         | levels of payments. They also often employ students. They also
         | need to be able to track your records through name changes.
         | They need your SSN.
        
           | leephillips wrote:
           | They need your SS# if they are paying you and need to
           | withhold taxes. They don't need to do a credit check unless
           | you are borrowing from them, which is unusual. For financial
           | aid, if they want to verify your income, they can request
           | that you have the IRS send them a transcript, which they will
           | receive directly from the IRS with SS # redacted. The "need
           | to be able to track your records through name changes" does
           | not mean that they need your SS #. "They need your SSN":
           | Usually they do not, but US citizens have been trained to
           | believe that they do.
           | 
           | EDIT: It's been a long time since I was in school, and,
           | frankly, I was expecting someone with fresher knowledge to
           | come up with a counter-example. So, see the comment above
           | about an IRS form 1098-T.
        
           | DamnYuppie wrote:
           | Not disagreeing with you points. My issue is, when I went to
           | school, they wanted you to put your SS on your papers and
           | tests as that is really what they used as your student id.
        
             | driverdan wrote:
             | A law was passed about 15 years ago that prohibited using
             | SSNs as student IDs.
        
               | officeplant wrote:
               | Now I feel ancient. If you ran our highschool ID cards
               | through a magstripe reader it would display your SSN.
               | 
               | There was a huge problem a few friends and I caused our
               | first year there when we got bored in the computer lab.
               | Every student account on a school computer had a folder
               | named PUBLIC. Out of curiosity we dug down a few folders
               | and found the txt file that was referenced by the simple
               | visual basic program the IT guy wrote for class
               | scheduling. That program used your name and SSN as login
               | credentials. So there was a txt file that was simply a
               | list of everyone's name and SSN for it to reference.
               | 
               | We being the idiots we are copied the file because it was
               | a public folder anyone could access. The only reason we
               | didn't get expelled was because one of the kids had a
               | lawyer father who threatened to go public about them
               | being that irresponsible with our data.
        
               | driverdan wrote:
               | When I was in college SSNs were still used as our ID
               | numbers. Every dept had folders in the hall outside the
               | office for each student. They'd put grades out in those
               | folders. Guess what was printed on those grades.
               | 
               | If you had a mag stripe writer you could grab a random
               | person's grades, encode their SSN on a student ID, and
               | then use the card to buy stuff on campus.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | DavidPeiffer wrote:
           | >They need your SS# if they are paying you and need to
           | withhold taxes.
           | 
           | They also need it for the 1098-T (Tuition Statement). That's
           | not to say they couldn't design better systems and not use
           | SSN as an identifier, but there is a legitimate need for it.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | mdb333 wrote:
           | LOL not that long ago (late 90s early 00s in my case),
           | student ID number WAS your SSN... [facepalm]
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | While I agree that the world would be a better place if people
         | refused giving as much information as possible, the specific
         | fix here is to not consider social security numbers private
         | information in the first place - they're clearly _identifiers_
         | , not _shared secrets_. There is nothing about them that
         | verifies anything - it 's basically the database-friendly
         | version of your name.
         | 
         | But yes, this could have all been headed off if the social
         | security act had prohibited private organizations from
         | requesting, using, or storing these identifiers in the first
         | place, for anything but immediately passing them on to tax
         | authorities. A Customer ID is good enough for all non-credit
         | uses, and credit _should_ require actual in-person verification
         | to issue. But this is the general shape of totalitarianism in
         | the US. The government mandates the barest minimum of systems,
         | companies lobby against any restrictions that would prevent
         | their abusing it, and we end up with a legally-mandated
         | freedom-destroying system invading most aspects of our lives.
         | 
         | PS I've got to wonder about a blockchain solution for keeping a
         | public catalog of leaked PII that gets abused for verification.
         | Make the "exploit" plain as day and companies will have to
         | change. Right now the carding community keep this to
         | themselves, and out of sight is out of mind for the companies
         | that continue to abuse it.
        
         | neil_s wrote:
         | As a recent expat to the US, I don't actually know, why DOES
         | the medical office want my SSN?
        
           | cozzyd wrote:
           | Often this is how they verify you are insured.
        
             | leephillips wrote:
             | They have no problem verifying my insurance without a SS #.
        
               | cozzyd wrote:
               | Depends on the insurer, probably. That's how my dental is
               | verified since my dental insurance doesn't bother sending
               | out a card...
        
           | SubzeroCarnage wrote:
           | So they can take you to small claims/civil court if you or
           | your insurance doesn't pay up.
        
             | leephillips wrote:
             | And it helps in collection efforts in general. There is no
             | benefit to you in divulging it, only potential harm. So
             | don't do it.
        
         | splithalf wrote:
         | Give the wrong ssn on every form you possibly can. Many
         | databases are filled with fake ssns, nobody cares or checks. A
         | lot of Americans don't even have one.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | >A lot of Americans don't even have one.
           | 
           | Citation?
        
             | istjohn wrote:
             | Consider that the IRS provides an ITIN number for tax
             | filing purposes to anyone who doesn't have a SSN. Millions
             | of undocumented immigrants pay their taxes and operate in
             | society without a SSN.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | Undocumented immigrants definitionally are not Americans.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | And I'm not sure that ~3% counts as "lots" in any event.
               | Also, that 3% includes people who may have overstayed a
               | work authorization (although that's probably a small
               | enough fraction of the total to ignore).
        
             | colejohnson66 wrote:
             | Mostly immigrants who haven't become citizens yet. But
             | there are others.
        
           | vharuck wrote:
           | Some Americans, mostly older women, don't know their SSN
           | because they never used it. Their husbands handled taxes,
           | opened bank accounts, and collected Social Security. If
           | you've ever dealt with medical data, SSN is not a reliably
           | unique identifier. Couples will share a number because each
           | gives the "relevant" number instead of their own.
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | I said this just a couple of days ago re: a data breach:
         | 
         | The US needs to just scorch the earth re: social security
         | numbers. Set a date when all liability for fraud enabled by
         | improper use of SSN's for "authentication" is the
         | responsibility of the party misusing SSNs and publish the
         | entire list.
         | 
         | The list has, arguably, already been published (thanks,
         | Equifax!). We just need to close the loop.
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | Unlikely to unfold that way (we are 20 years into the RealID
           | standard recommendation and it has been delayed again).
           | 
           | As I've mentioned elsewhere, SSN is not the only fact used
           | for authentication. We need to move away from all pure fact-
           | knowledge proofs of ID and to MfA preferably with one factor
           | based on a government issued ID and asymmetric encryption.
        
             | EvanAnderson wrote:
             | I agree that it's unlikely unless there's massive public
             | outcry, and even then I don't see it happening. The status
             | quo is too entrenched and until elected leaders feel the
             | pain from their constituents nothing is going to change.
             | 
             | I concentrated on SSN because it's the government-issued
             | fact-based "authentication" factor. The other fact-based
             | factors are just as bad.
             | 
             | I wish we could have a government-sponsored PKI but between
             | concerns from citizens about "freedom" (either freedom for
             | business to "innovate" in the space, or freedom from
             | individuals to be "tracked" by the government) and from
             | surveillance advocates who will want to include key
             | escrow/recovery provision I don't see it flying.
             | 
             | In some other comments on this post I mentioned the USPS
             | would be a great "trust" provider. They already serve in
             | that capacity to some extent evidenced by the various
             | government entities who accept an addressed piece of mail
             | as proof of residency. I don't think there'd be enough
             | bipartisan support to make it happen, but I think it'd work
             | great.
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | Let's see how much this will be covered in tomorrow's news.
        
       | alexjplant wrote:
       | University of Maryland had a data breach a few years back [1] so
       | I suppose that it's unsurprising to see that it happened again.
       | 
       | At least they had the common sense to stop asking me (somebody
       | affected by said breach and a dropout, no less) for alumni
       | donations.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.cnet.com/news/data-breach-at-university-of-
       | maryl...
        
       | tingletech wrote:
       | they told us it these were a phishing attempt
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | How many times has the UC system been breached now?
       | 
       | There were three breaches in 2014-15:
       | https://www.networkworld.com/article/3039116/uc-berkeley-mak...
       | 
       | There was a massive one back in 2009:
       | https://www.networkworld.com/article/2254411/160-000-student...
       | 
       | There was a 2006 breach involving the DoE labs managed by UC:
       | https://www.networkworld.com/article/2292688/university-hit-...
       | 
       | And that's just what I dug up on UC Berkeley in a few minutes. At
       | what point do we start saying "no" to anyone requesting personal
       | information? If a university known for its computer science
       | programs can't keep this info secure, how can we trust our
       | doctors, insurance companies, landlords, and so on to get
       | security right?
        
         | gnulinux wrote:
         | Because EECS staff (grad students, professors) don't maintain
         | the IT infrastructure of UC Berkeley?
        
         | babesh wrote:
         | IT departments at universities are generally not bastions of
         | competence. This was exacerbated by private sector compensation
         | greatly exceeding compensation at universities the last twenty
         | years.
         | 
         | You really do not want to know what passes for IT at
         | universities even as renowned as Stanford or Berkeley.
        
         | secabeen wrote:
         | This wasn't a breach of UC, it was a vendor that UC used.
         | Somewhat different.
        
         | angry_octet wrote:
         | This is the Accellion breach, not a problem with their internal
         | systems. This box is used for 'secure' large data transfer.
         | Like a Dropbox appliance basically. Except Accellion write
         | rubbish software and the devices were ruthlessly shelled.
         | Insert :Cheeto lock: meme.
         | 
         | Arguably, the hundreds of Accellion clients should have
         | separately encrypted their data and used some sort of PKI to
         | exchange public keys. But try getting users to do that
         | properly.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, since Broadcom bought Symantec there hasn't been
         | any good PGP solution for corporate file exchange.
        
       | watertom wrote:
       | Everyone keeps jumping on Microsoft, but Microsoft is not the
       | problem.
       | 
       | The problem are the Universities, specifically management and the
       | Board of Directors.
       | 
       | They see IT as a complete waste of time, they won't fund it
       | properly, they refuse to pay market rates. Coupled with the fact
       | that the staff behaves like children, pushing back on
       | _EVERYTHING_ that the security teams want to implement.
       | 
       | The staff doesn't understand why people need passwords, I'm not
       | kidding, they want just open access to everything from anywhere
       | without any controls, and they throw temper tantrums when any
       | controls are put in place. Frankly if it wasn't for the safety
       | and security of the University these people would not be able to
       | function in the real world, and I can't image what it must be
       | like for students dealing with these egotistical, bombastic
       | children.
        
         | leephillips wrote:
         | Part of the problem is that these children decide to get in bed
         | with known bad actors such as Microsoft and Google.
        
           | fitblipper wrote:
           | In my experience Google encourages good security practices.
           | I'm interested in hearing if you have a different experience.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | Every time I login to my Google account, Google rejects
             | caring about my perfectly good password, in favor of using
             | email verification instead. Many times this occurs via a
             | password reset link - apparently my password doesn't matter
             | at all. So no, I don't think Google should be considered
             | any kind of leader in security.
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | Google dis-respecting one's email login settings (and
               | abruptly eg enabling 2FA) is annoying and I'm thinking
               | about migrating -- at the same time, what they do, makes
               | one's account _more_ secure (from what I 've seen) but
               | with a higher risk of locking people out permanently from
               | their own accounts
               | 
               | A good trade-off for Google I guess
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Sure, it's _technically_ less secure to have a password
               | and a password reset link, rather than just the password
               | reset link. But you 'd think a password reset link would
               | be the thing that would result in extra scrutiny and
               | hoops to jump through (eg rejecting from suspicious IPs,
               | etc). That it seems to be the preferred login procedure
               | seems to indicate that something is very odd with their
               | security model, likely due to worrying too much about
               | people who reuse their password of "Fluffy123!" across
               | every site.
        
             | leephillips wrote:
             | Assuming that this is a serious question and not sarcasm
             | that has gone over my head:
             | 
             | Terence Eden wrote this:
             | https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2014/01/another-google-privacy-
             | flaw...
             | 
             | A journalist at Fast Company noticed it and wrote an
             | article about Google's user- and privacy-hostile practices.
             | I had written about these problems a few years before:
             | 
             | https://lee-phillips.org/gcaldisaster/
             | 
             | and she interviewed me about it here:
             | https://www.fastcompany.com/3025576/how-a-crappy-user-
             | interf...
             | 
             | This is just one aspect of one of Google's services. But,
             | really, their business model is built on selling
             | information about you to advertisers. Do you trust them to
             | carry this out in a secure and anonymized way?
        
               | fitblipper wrote:
               | It was a sincere question, thank you for the sincere
               | response. When I asked my question I was narrowing
               | thinking of account security and data leaks (which I
               | still think Google does a decent job at) but it is clear
               | that the issue of privacy is much broader than just that
               | one aspect.
               | 
               | The examples you gave are great examples of how privacy
               | is not given the respect it deserves in these data
               | collecting companies and design decisions can have
               | catastrophic effects for their unsuspecting victims.
               | 
               | > their business model is built on selling information
               | about you to advertisers.
               | 
               | I don't mean to be pedantic but their business model is
               | selling your attention to advertisers not the data.
               | Selling the actual data that they use for targeting is
               | against their best interest since it would allow others
               | to do what they do.
        
               | leephillips wrote:
               | I don't remember hearing of any actual data breaches, so
               | if your question was supposed to be confined to that
               | area, point taken.
               | 
               | "selling your attention to advertisers not the data"
               | 
               | That's a fair point as well. (I'm the last person to
               | complain about being pedantic.)
        
               | gwerbret wrote:
               | Off topic, but the manner in which you and GP resolved
               | your disagreement (with respect, active "listening", and
               | acknowledgment of counterpoints) represents some of the
               | very best of HN. It was a pleasure to see; thank you
               | both.
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | When your reply is about privacy, not account security,
               | and you "had to" go back 7 years in time, what you wrote
               | instead on me makes a good impression on Google wrt
               | account security.
        
               | 10000truths wrote:
               | Google does not sell information about you to
               | advertisers. They sell targeted advertisement services.
               | It is, in fact, in Google's best interest to make sure
               | the information they collect on you does not ever reach
               | the hands of advertisers, because if it does, they lose
               | their biggest competitive advantage.
        
         | rufius wrote:
         | I worked in University IT. In fact, for one of the schools
         | listed though it's been 10+ years.
         | 
         | Basically everything the above poster said. It was pulling
         | teeth to update or upgrade anything.
        
           | nathanlied wrote:
           | Yeah. I worked infra at a few EU Universities, and while
           | firing someone in that environment is pretty difficult, you
           | still get the "old boys club" that will absolutely not let
           | you do anything.
           | 
           | The problem was never users/faculty. It was other people
           | doing IT there for longer who would not accept anything they
           | were unfamiliar with, and treated "their" hardware as if it
           | was their own children. It led to a sort of balkanization of
           | infrastructure that was extremely difficult to break, and you
           | often had to spend way more of the budget to come up with
           | convoluted solutions so you didn't touch their ancient setups
           | rather than just making the whole thing homogenous and
           | centrally managed.
           | 
           | As a result, depending on what you were working on, you could
           | have to deal with wildly different AWS/Azure/GCP platforms,
           | or on-prem hardware that could range from independent(!)
           | OpenStack installs to ancient Debian machines that might not
           | even be supported anymore. Sometimes people negotiate
           | licensing completely separately, where you could have unused
           | licenses available but it's not communicated so it's bought
           | again by someone else. Some places even had random servers
           | running inside people's offices connected via Wi-Fi.
           | 
           | There's a reason I got out of that line of work. I'm frankly
           | surprised universities aren't a larger target.
        
           | arbitrage wrote:
           | it's like pulling teeth because you try to get everyone to
           | agree on every decision. sometimes you just have to tell your
           | academic user base that this is the way it is.
           | 
           | it doesn't have to be that way. IT people are pretty shit in
           | general at soft skills. sometimes, you need to stand up for
           | yourself in a conflict.
           | 
           | your userbases digs in their heels because you let them.
        
             | hctaw wrote:
             | Or you can work with people constructively and respect them
             | rather than viewing this as a "conflict" where one needs to
             | assert themselves.
        
             | colejohnson66 wrote:
             | > sometimes, you need to stand up for yourself in a
             | conflict.
             | 
             | Then you just get fired. They'll just replace you with
             | someone else who'll listen. Some people just don't learn no
             | matter how hard you try.
        
             | sidr wrote:
             | Or the users escalate to a high enough level, who
             | inevitably has a university admin background and has no
             | regard for IT or security - the decision inevitably ends up
             | being on the side of the userbase. This is the problem with
             | being considered a cost center, rather than a value
             | producer within any organization.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | I'm not an expert at this, but wouldn't it be better to impose
         | regulation+penalties on best practices and force organizations
         | to abide by a minimal set of standards (e.g., no clear-text
         | passwords; no SSNs as IDs; breaches must be announced)
        
         | rjzzleep wrote:
         | You're not wrong, but you're not right either. When someone
         | stabs someone with a knife the person at fault is indeed the
         | one stabbing. But the guy who's been in his ear for the last
         | year advising which knife to buy to kill as efficiently as
         | possible without getting caught bears some responsibility as
         | well.
         | 
         | Most of the enterprise sales including Microsofts bears
         | responsibility here for knowingly exploiting these idiots in
         | the management position and the Board of Directors. It's a huge
         | circle jerk culture back and forth.
         | 
         | I full well remember working in Louisiana where they tried to
         | introduce Microsoft Dynamics as an EHR backend for Medicaid.
         | The CTO of the DoH was an ex Microsoft guy. The secretary had
         | some times to Microsoft. And Microsoft knew full well that
         | their shit isn't working when they went on their sales pitch
         | that "Dynamics can do everything".
         | 
         | All the engineers advised them against it, multiple waves of
         | them left. I got fired for telling the middle management that I
         | wouldn't be bullied into doing things I didn't consider
         | ethical.
         | 
         | The CTO of the DHH moved on to the HHS btw. There's never any
         | recourse to this, because what they are doing is not only
         | legal, but also with good intention.
         | 
         | EDIT: Also keep in mind that engineers are rarely allowed to
         | talk to leadership, let alone to inform the board. But after
         | what I learned, I think keeping silent is never a good option.
         | Last time I needed to do that I made one of the German
         | Government healthcare institutions change course on an obvious
         | mistake. And all I did was inform the board of what exactly
         | they are deciding, what the consequences of their decisions are
         | and who would be responsibility for it. The recourse of that
         | was mostly bullying, since there wasn't really anything they
         | could have done, but the lesson here is that most people have a
         | lot more power than they think.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | So, while I have never worked at any of the universities in
         | question, I did work at a major university in IT for several
         | years (University of Texas at Austin), and while it was not
         | perfect, it does not resemble what you just described. So, I
         | don't know if this is a difference between universities, or
         | perhaps your frustration with your own experience making you
         | slant things a little more negatively than it really is? Or
         | maybe it was really that bad wherever you were. I would just
         | like to say it wasn't perfect, but it wasn't nearly that bad
         | where I was.
        
           | nathanlied wrote:
           | I think you'll find a lot of this type of thing in threads
           | like these - the better range of experiences go from "okay"
           | to "pretty nice", but the bad can get very horrible, very
           | fast, and people tend to remember the bad more. Especially if
           | you have to seemingly fight against everyone on a daily basis
           | just to do the basics of your job.
        
             | cutemonster wrote:
             | Yes and even a bit more selection bias, in that it's more
             | interesting to write about the weird (bad) places.
             | 
             | (If nothing weird (bad) happened, in a way there's nothing
             | to write about?)
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | > Coupled with the fact that the staff behaves like children,
         | pushing back on EVERYTHING that the security teams want to
         | implement.
         | 
         | Sounds like your management structure is weak, and lacks power
         | or willingness to enforce mandates.
         | 
         | Your experience is not universally the case in higher ed or
         | academia.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > Everyone keeps jumping on Microsoft, but Microsoft is not the
         | problem.
         | 
         | Actually, moving to a more managed environment (so Azure and
         | SaaS instead of hosting your own stuff) might make it better
         | since MS can and will patch their own servers rapidly.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | At one point I worked with a couple University IT teams. It was
         | a mess. IT little to no control of its own destiny.
         | 
         | Basic policies were fought tooth and nail by departments and
         | influential professors / individuals who themselves didn't
         | understand the ramifications of their decisions.
         | 
         | IT budgets would get cut and monies given to departments who
         | would build catastrophes of networks, and when the department
         | was tired of it would get handed to IT to make it work, the
         | entire budget already having already been spent on making a
         | mess.
         | 
         | I worked on several projects where complex microscopes or
         | millions of dollars of equipment were connected to off the
         | shelf consumer networking gear (and then they'd blast it with
         | gigs upon gigs of data in a few milliseconds) because the
         | consumer networking gear is what the folks in that department
         | knew how to use. It was then handed to the IT team and then
         | tickets opened about how 'it doesn't work' / it is described as
         | an IT failure when nothing works.
        
           | JeremyNT wrote:
           | This exactly matches my own experience.
           | 
           | I work in University IT as a developer in the central IT
           | department, but I started off in one of those "shadow IT"
           | groups. There are little islands of technologists embedded
           | with grad students who continue to make many things run on
           | shoestring budgets and with minimal oversight from IT
           | professionals.
           | 
           | I've seen things change in recent years, though. The central
           | IT department is gradually gaining traction in some of these
           | places.
           | 
           | That isn't a panacea, of course, because we have our own
           | issues. But I do think overall the availability of senior IT
           | staff and programmers is a huge boon for these small teams
           | who are starting from little to no experience in the field.
        
         | cbsmith wrote:
         | As per usual, MIT is conspicuously absent from the list of
         | compromised schools.
        
         | delaynomore wrote:
         | I worked at a public university for a few years and can
         | absolutely confirm the above. Subpar pay and some professors
         | think rules do not apply to them because of their status or the
         | "critical research" they are working on. To be fair, not all
         | professors were like that, many were humble and friendly.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Is this a relatively new requirement for universities to require
       | a SSN for prospective students? I don't recall having to provide
       | this information about 1 decade ago or even 5 years ago.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | So, I worked at a major American university that (years back)
         | had to remove SSN from all of their databases; it was a major
         | project. The exceptions were related to cases where they get
         | something monetary (e.g. cash scholarship, student jobs, etc.)
         | that requires reporting that income to the federal government,
         | which wants the SSN.
         | 
         | Generally, it is actually LESS common to require SSN now than
         | 20 years ago; when I was an undergrad, exam grades would get
         | posted by SSN on a public bulletin board (the idea being you
         | could find your own, but you wouldn't know anyone else's SSN to
         | look up their grade). So SSN was considered less sensitive than
         | your grade on a single ordinary exam.
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | You probably have to prove that you're a citizen or have the
         | appropriate immigration status, this usually involves your SSN.
         | Why is it done this way? Politics I guess.
        
           | curiousgal wrote:
           | Fun fact that companies online don't seem to realize, non-
           | citizens can have SSN numbers, even people on a short
           | exchange visitor visa.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Legally, it's not required to apply. But, it is required to
         | access federal FA. And some schools collect it regardless of
         | legal requirement because it makes their life easier (avoiding
         | dupe person records, student workers, etc).
        
       | eric4smith wrote:
       | About 20 years ago my Sun Solaris servers got hacked.
       | 
       | I learned a valuable lesson, no matter how "secure" you think
       | your servers are, at some point all the data on them will be
       | compromised.
       | 
       | So...
       | 
       | * Backup - often in many places
       | 
       | * secure it as much as you can
       | 
       | * Encrypt we much as you can
       | 
       | * Airgap sensitive stuff
       | 
       | And even with all of that you will still be compromised.
       | Eventually.
       | 
       | Protect your data so you can spin up on a new server if you need
       | to.
       | 
       | Sigh.
        
         | fmajid wrote:
         | Most importantly, do NOT collect data you do not need to. I
         | don't see why universities need their students' SSNs, apart
         | from reporting salaries paid to grad students-as-employees.
        
           | Arwill wrote:
           | This is how the GDPR makes a lot of sense.
        
             | chopin wrote:
             | I it only were enforced...
        
               | La1n wrote:
               | https://www.enforcementtracker.com/
               | 
               | It is, just not enough.
        
           | mattmcknight wrote:
           | It's like the foreign key into the rest of government
           | systems. The id isn't the problem, it's the presumption that
           | the id presented corresponds to the correct person.
        
           | vineyardmike wrote:
           | As far as I was aware, many private US universities
           | explicitly didn't collect this data in an effort to maintain
           | deniability when dealing with immigrants (especially "illegal
           | immigrants").
           | 
           | Of course, many many students in undergraduate life are also
           | employees of the school part time, so presumably they need to
           | provide this information.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | In early 2000s, my college used social security numbers as
             | your username or student ID for everything.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | For large lecture classes (100+ people), my university
               | (professors/TAs) would post grades on the wall outside
               | the lecture hall. For "privacy", instead of names they
               | used SSNs.
               | 
               | Given the construction of SSNs (first five digits are a
               | key for state-and-date), and our large population of
               | students from different states, reconciling SSN to human
               | was trivial.
               | 
               | Ironically, the foreign students were in better shape
               | because the registrar issued them an ID number which was
               | not their SSN.
        
               | ptero wrote:
               | Mine too. They then emailed those to all graders (not
               | just profs) to make grading simpler.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | Nope, many collect SSN as part of the application process.
             | IIRC, at minimum, it's required to apply for federal
             | financial aid.
             | 
             | Source: I work for a software company in the higher ed
             | market.
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | This would go away if government's had safe, secure and
           | unique identifiers for all individuals that would have all
           | the necessary data attached to it and stored safely by the
           | government. That way, the only thing a business needs to
           | collect is your unique ID and some secure token controlled by
           | the individual that allows the third party to confirm your
           | data with the government. This whole "privacy" thing is
           | _probably_ a solvable problem if we think outside our
           | comfortable box, but instead we 're trying to optimize in the
           | local maxima we've already inherited.
        
             | angry_octet wrote:
             | Exactly, it should be like an API token or a signed blob,
             | that allows the ID owner X (the student) to ask the
             | verifier V (part of Govt) to verify ID for query entity Q.
             | This string can be checked by those holding the private key
             | for Q.
             | 
             | X:Q = V->generatepair(Qpub) // Generate a unique ID stri g
             | for interacting with the university. Not confidential,
             | because not verifiable by anyone.
             | 
             | Tok = V->encode(Xpriv, X:Q, Qpub, property:FullName, Vpriv)
             | // Generate a token string unique to the pairing of X:Q,
             | for a specified property like FullName, signed by the
             | verifier.
             | 
             | FullName = decode(Tok, Xpub, Qpriv) // The query entity
             | (university) can decide this blob, but no one else can.
             | 
             | If the Q looses confidentiality of Qpriv and all the Tok,
             | then that data is lost. But having that doesn't let the
             | attacker prove they are X to a different entity.
             | 
             | I'm sure more rigorous schemes have been thought out, but
             | there is so much inertia in changing anything.
        
           | kchoudhu wrote:
           | Aid.
        
           | kenniskrag wrote:
           | and delete them if no longer needed (no soft delete).
           | Encryption for data at rest can also help.
        
         | raesene9 wrote:
         | All good points, I'd add one more. Make sure you have detection
         | and response capabilities.
         | 
         | Many attacks go from an initial point of compromise to find and
         | attack target information. If you can detect this activity
         | early, it might be possible to reduce the severity of the
         | breach.
        
         | qbasic_forever wrote:
         | Test your backups too.
         | 
         | Signed, someone who watched a company learn the hard way that
         | restoring from tape backup is not an easy or 100% perfect
         | process.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | Sounds like a standard security through compartmentalization.
         | Works on a laptop, too, with Qubes OS.
        
       | angry_octet wrote:
       | > Unless the universities pay the ransom, the hackers will
       | continue publishing student information.
       | 
       | That is an incredibly irresponsible thing to say. The data is out
       | now, you'll be able to buy it from a broker soon enough. Any
       | money paid is money lost. I think paying would also contravene US
       | law.
       | 
       | What these victims do need is new SSNs, and the Gov't needs to
       | find a way to identify people without the ID also being the
       | password.
        
         | sobriquet9 wrote:
         | SSNs are not reused. About 450 million have already been
         | issued. If people in a breach are issued new SSNs, we'll run
         | out of numbers rather quickly.
        
           | angry_octet wrote:
           | I'm sure they'll be reused at some point. Maybe there will be
           | a market for used celebrity SSNs.
        
             | sobriquet9 wrote:
             | SSNs are used as unique identifiers. If you start re-using
             | them, they're no longer unique.
        
               | angry_octet wrote:
               | Nothing about SSNs is ideal. The uniqueness and
               | permanence assumption is part of why identity theft is so
               | calamitous. So sharing an SSN with someone who's been
               | dead 20 years seems preferable to sharing one with
               | someone who is reusing yours.
        
           | codezero wrote:
           | I can just imagine the panic of having to increase the field
           | size by a single digit, it'd be a billion dollar, decade long
           | problem that never gets fixed.
        
             | angry_octet wrote:
             | Maybe the current SSN will just be a prefix, with
             | additional suffix digits, like zip codes.
        
         | zippy5 wrote:
         | SSN were never really secret. For the most part the first 5
         | digits are a derivative of when and where you were born (public
         | record) and you've given out the last 4 to every financial
         | institution and employer.
         | 
         | You last part is spot on. Basically people should setup a
         | password at the DMV or something.
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | The United States Postal Service would be a great "trust
           | provider" (managed PKI, signing personal certificates for
           | individuals and busnesses, etc). They already do it inasmuch
           | as many government agencies (the BMV in my state, for
           | example) accept addressed official correspondence as proof of
           | residency.
        
           | Aloisius wrote:
           | > the first 5 digits are a derivative
           | 
           | SSN assigned after 2011 are randomly assigned. The first
           | digits no longer have any special meaning.
        
       | wyxuan wrote:
       | yup, I was affected as I got this email yesterday:
       | 
       | > Good day!
       | 
       | > If you received this letter, you are a customer, student,
       | partner or employee of University of California. The company has
       | been hacked, data has been stolen and will soon be released as
       | the company refuses to protect its peoples' data.
       | 
       | > We inform you that information about you will be published on
       | the darknet ( [link redacted] ) if the university does not
       | contact us.
       | 
       | > Call or write to this store and ask to protect your privacy!!!!
       | 
       | I'm leafing through the linked site and I can see SSNs, tax
       | forms, enrollment forms - yikes!
        
         | sdan wrote:
         | I got that email and immediately went to onion [dot] dog just
         | to check out the site... was pretty clear it was some weird
         | onion gateway so I decided not to go to the link.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | I mean, you could probably go to the onion link directly with
           | a Tor browser.....but that's probably a bad idea too. I'd
           | open it in a VMed machine maybe.
        
             | KMag wrote:
             | Maybe even wget it via torproxy on a sandboxed VM.
        
             | sdan wrote:
             | They send all sort of weird stuff (lots of odd phising test
             | emails similar to this one) so this was not completely
             | unexpected.
             | 
             | But the wording the link was a bit off and I really didn't
             | think much of it and moved on
        
         | hiq wrote:
         | > I'm leafing through the linked site and I can see SSNs, tax
         | forms, enrollment forms - yikes!
         | 
         | Haven't you just admitted that you downloaded the files and
         | browsed them? Isn't that illegal in the US?
        
           | KMag wrote:
           | I haven't looked at that onion site, but presumably that link
           | is just a list of files, not their content. Otherwise, it has
           | no blackmail value.
        
             | ficklepickle wrote:
             | There are a few pictures of docs with SSNs on that page.
             | 
             | It appears to be some sort of leaks onion site titled "clop
             | leaks".
        
               | KMag wrote:
               | Thanks for taking the risk of visiting a potentially
               | exploit-ridden site for everyone. So, it contains a list
               | of things to be leaked, plus leaks a sample to prove
               | they're not bluffing?
        
           | donw wrote:
           | Not a lawyer, but if that's true, how could sites like
           | http://haveibeenpwned.com exist?
        
             | rjmunro wrote:
             | For one thing, http://haveibeenpwned.com is Australian, so
             | not subject to US law. It might be illegal to access it in
             | the US, but it's not illegal for it to exist.
        
               | angry_octet wrote:
               | It isn't illegal in the US either.
               | 
               | People -- visit the 'dark web' is NOT illegal. Browsing
               | via Tor is perfectly legal. Reading some extortion
               | website is not illegal.
               | 
               | Downloading someone else's ransomwared data -- that
               | starts to become gray.
               | 
               | Preferably use Tor in an isolated VM, you have to assume
               | the Firefox instance is corrupted.
        
             | sen wrote:
             | They don't publish the data itself they just compare a hash
             | of it to a hash of whatever you submit for comparison.
        
               | donw wrote:
               | Right, but they have to look at that data to create those
               | hashes, no?
        
               | DJBunnies wrote:
               | No, you submit your own hashes or partial hashes.
        
               | jffry wrote:
               | I think donw was talking about the much more gray-area
               | part of HIBP: obtaining the lists of leaked passwords, in
               | order to hash each one and store the hashes.
        
         | nobody9999 wrote:
         | I'd be surprised if that were really the case.
         | 
         | It's probably just a toothless blackmail attempt, like those
         | "I've hacked your system and have video of you masturbating to
         | porn, you naughty, naughty boy! And if you don't pay me 0.03
         | bitcoin, I'm sending the video to all your Facebook friends."
         | 
         | I suppose I could be wrong, but I'm probably not.
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | Every hack is a win for people who preach decentralization of
       | data
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | doggodaddo78 wrote:
       | I worked at one of these universities. They "lost" / had stolen a
       | laptop containing everyone's SSN. They're idiots.
        
       | grezql wrote:
       | Since its apt: www.ransomwatch.org
        
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