[HN Gopher] Copyright infringement by German contact tracing app
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Copyright infringement by German contact tracing app
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 309 points
       Date   : 2021-03-31 06:15 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | EdwardDiego wrote:
       | Germany has got to be the worst place to try this crap, given how
       | many GPL violations are prosecuted through their courts.
        
         | cygx wrote:
         | The code is permissively licensed (2-clause BSD according to
         | the LICENSE file, 3-clause BSD according to the comment in the
         | source file).
        
           | zaarn wrote:
           | They took code from the official Tracing app without
           | attribution or retaining the copyright notice, which even
           | 2-clause BSD would frown upon. And the original code is
           | APL2.0, not BSD, you can't just sublicense like that.
        
       | moooo99 wrote:
       | This is not the official contract tracing app (that one can be
       | found here https://github.com/corona-warn-app), its a commercial
       | product that's only been "open sourced" under pressure of the
       | public. Their service was financed be the same public figures
       | that are now heavily pushing for its use.
       | 
       | And as one comment in the linked GitHub issue states, calling
       | their license "open source" is really more of a marketing joke.
       | Although the seem to have changed their restrictive license [1]
       | to the GPL License [2]
       | 
       | Edit: Although its not the official apps, its heavily used by
       | some official instances such as the health departments of some
       | cities/states. The Luca app is financed by those departments
       | purchasing a license. According to news, some licenses cost
       | around 440kEUR of taxpayer money [3]
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://gitlab.com/lucaapp/android/-/commit/a30432ec4a01c2ca...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://gitlab.com/lucaapp/android/-/commit/4433884f00462bae...
       | 
       | [3] (German)
       | https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/mecklenburg-vorpo...
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | I'd like to mention that while Belgium did not everything
         | right.
         | 
         | Having a rather small company "devside" to build the app ( it
         | had references and a credible portfolio of > 100 apps) was a
         | good thing for a good price.
         | 
         | They won from those that build the app in Germany and wanted
         | big belgian telecom to join for the infrastructure for a much
         | higher cost. While they only needed to change some parameters
         | and localize it.
         | 
         | Result: 1 week of delay ( 8 weeks was budgeted) and everything
         | opensource from the start, is what I consider a good result.
         | 
         | Respect where it's due! Hat off
         | 
         | https://github.com/covid-be-app
        
         | _pmf_ wrote:
         | > And as one comment in the linked GitHub issue states, calling
         | their license "open source" is really more of a marketing joke.
         | 
         | Like Android.
        
         | dorgo wrote:
         | >This is not the official contract tracing app (that one can be
         | found here https://github.com/corona-warn-app)
         | 
         | This sounds like they do the same thing. But the luca app is
         | for check-ins ( which are mostly still done with pen in paper
         | in germany ). Check-ins are not supported by the official
         | corona-warn-app (yet).
         | 
         | Also 2 states already purchased the app and 8 other announced
         | to purchase it [1]. So if you live in one of these 10 states
         | (out of 16) then you can consider the luca app to be official.
         | 
         | [1] (German) https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Corona-Apps-Die-
         | wichtigsten...
        
           | zwog wrote:
           | > Check-ins are not supported by the official corona-warn-app
           | (yet).
           | 
           | According to [1] version 2.0 will be released in two weeks
           | and will support check-ins.
           | 
           | [1] (German) https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/corona-warn-
           | app-check-in-10...
        
       | cygx wrote:
       | A copyright disclaimer just got added:
       | https://gitlab.com/lucaapp/android/-/commit/7c378ac21fefe0ad...
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Do you think they understand just adding the copyright notice
         | to the source code is not sufficient to comply with the
         | license?
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | They should have contacted Mykola before commiting,
         | bubelich.com seems to be a dead url.
        
       | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
       | I get the impression that copyright infringement on permissively
       | licensed works is more the norm than the exception these days. It
       | seems like most popular JavaScript libraries are MIT licensed,
       | but it seems lost on the users that the MIT license requires
       | attribution, something I rarely see on a lot of highly
       | interactive websites that are almost certainly redistributing
       | attribution-required code.
       | 
       | It would be interesting to see if one could make a bot that could
       | detect minified versions of popular libraries and see what the
       | compliance rate is.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | Expect to hear nothing from the usual copyright big players
       | 
       | Infringement is only frowned upon when it's your independent
       | musician playing Bach on a YT video and of course he's "stealing"
       | from the big players.
        
         | choeger wrote:
         | Exactly right. The copyright, as it exists today, is a tool to
         | protect money-making schemes (industry vs. "customers"). It
         | once was meant as a tool to protect market access (industry vs.
         | industry). If we can reform it back to that origin, I'd think
         | we'd be in a much better place.
        
       | heckerhut wrote:
       | Oh the irony. The LUCA app has been co-initiated and financed by
       | Smudo [0], a famous German rapper. He was a supporter of
       | Metallica suing Napster back in 2000 for copyright violation [1].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.chip.de/news/Kontaktverfolgung-mit-Luca-App-
       | von-...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Smudo-vs-Napster-
       | Da-...
        
         | read_if_gay_ wrote:
         | It has been 21 _years_. Can we let the past go?
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | Yes, if you show that his opinions have changed.
        
             | Dirlewanger wrote:
             | Lars has admitted multiple times he was wrong to lash out
             | when they did. Go look up interviews yourself. Metallica
             | have fully embraced digital platforms.
        
           | kingofpandora wrote:
           | How many years does he want copyright to last?
           | 
           | I'll let things go after that much time has passed.
        
           | nix23 wrote:
           | No, why should we? US Troops still sit in Afghanistan and
           | Iraq, that's also ~21y.
        
             | vinay427 wrote:
             | I would suppose that more appropriate examples abound.
             | Remaining in those countries today indicates that the
             | action is not just in the past.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | >Remaining in those countries today indicates that the
               | action is not just in the past.
               | 
               | Depends who is responsible for the actual "action",
               | specially looking at Iraq.
        
           | 2pEXgD0fZ5cF wrote:
           | In this case I do not see a reason to do that
        
           | spacemanmatt wrote:
           | The same laws are still being abused by the recording
           | industry, so maybe...no?
        
             | xbar wrote:
             | Right. We're going with "no."
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | Actions, especially those by public figures, can have
           | consequences that last far longer than 21 years
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | I don't think so. They were not children back then and there
           | were no signs since then that they understood their mistake
           | and now know better.
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | > a famous German rapper
         | 
         | I can understand in the abstract that of course you could rap
         | in German, but it's quite another to encounter evidence of this
         | _in the wild_ so to speak.
         | 
         | Having investigated further, I must say it's probably unfair
         | against Gemany to not include the adjective _old_ in the above
         | statement, as Smudo (or at least the group he 's in) is of
         | early 90's vintage.
        
           | loevborg wrote:
           | I'm surprised at your surprise. What languages do you feel
           | it's appropriate to rap in?
        
           | levosmetalo wrote:
           | > I can understand in the abstract that of course you could
           | rap in German, but it's quite another to encounter evidence
           | of this in the wild so to speak.
           | 
           | Depending on what you consider "in the wild" but German rap
           | is very popular in Germany and other German-speaking
           | countries. People from Germany usually don't rap in English
           | or French. Smudo is an old school, but are quite a bit of
           | rapper that are popular right now, like Capital Bra, Apache
           | 207, Samra, Lea, Mero, Loredana, Bushido, Sido, Olexesh,
           | Kollegah, Farid Bang, RAF Camora, ... just on top of my head.
        
           | fnomnom wrote:
           | some of the biggest (tickets sold, streams etc) german
           | speaking music acts are rappers
        
         | wolframhempel wrote:
         | A member of the "Fantastic Four"...talking about copyright
         | infringement :-)
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | Irony? It's only "copyright infringement" if you don't have
         | enough money for lawyers
         | 
         | That being said, Bubelich should definitely sue
        
           | zeepzeep wrote:
           | > it's only "copyright infringement" if you don't have enough
           | money for lawyers
           | 
           | "If the penalty for a crime is a fine, then that law only
           | exists for the lower class."
        
             | surfsvammel wrote:
             | Not of the fine is set to be a ratio or proportion of your
             | wealth or income.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hellotomyrars wrote:
               | You might be getting closer but someone who is just
               | barely making ends meet could be ruined by that, where
               | someone with obscene wealth can lose even 10% and still
               | buy a yacht minutes later.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | Yeah, but he can only do that a few times. It's a much,
               | much better system than what we have today for most
               | things.
               | 
               | Of course, it hinges on being able to tell how much
               | income they have, which is (at least in Germany) the hard
               | part, as the defendant is not required to help.
        
               | tpxl wrote:
               | The tax authority generally has that data.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | And that generally does not matter, as the DA/judge will
               | estimate the income based on available information. They
               | will usually _not_ involve the tax authority, won't check
               | your bank account etc. If their estimate is too high, you
               | can provide information showing your actual income. If
               | it's too low (which it usually is, because they're
               | conservative in those estimates), you smile and walk out,
               | having saved (a lot of) money.
        
               | alpaca128 wrote:
               | In my homecountry someone gets hundreds of speeding
               | tickets per year, always on the same road. Doesn't care.
               | With a properly scaling fine they'll stop doing that
               | quickly or lose out on more than just a little yacht.
               | 
               | I'd say it's a pretty decent step, especially when
               | combined with confiscation of the vehicle if it's a
               | repeat offender or a severe case. As you said it may not
               | be perfect...but I'd rather see that than some careless
               | people risking lives of others just because a speeding
               | ticket is small change for them.
        
               | rebuilder wrote:
               | Hows this: get three speeding tickets, get your license
               | suspended.
        
               | alpaca128 wrote:
               | Well so what, then they'll drive without a license. As
               | long as the punishment isn't sufficient to make the
               | person care enough you will only nudge the threshold a
               | bit under which people actually feel it.
               | 
               | Edit: Same with using the phone while driving. It's one
               | of the biggest contributing factors to road accidents,
               | yet here the fine for doing it is barely above the price
               | for a decent headset. So most just don't care and trust
               | the fact that well under 1% will ever be caught because
               | the police either doesn't care either or just doesn't
               | have the manpower to effectively enforce it.
        
               | surfsvammel wrote:
               | In Sweden the fine is in proportion to your income. If
               | you go too fast they take your drivers license. Repeat
               | speeding too many times and they might also take your
               | license.
        
               | throwawayfire wrote:
               | This is just saying that rich people are rich.
               | 
               | Someone with obscene wealth can be imprisoned and still
               | buy a yacht - even incarceration has a much greater
               | impact on a poor person.
               | 
               | As such, I'd rather fine them in proportion to their
               | wealth.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | Why not both?
        
               | Mordisquitos wrote:
               | One could always establish a minimum-living income that
               | was immune to fines based on ratio of income, or consider
               | specific expenditures to be protected from the
               | calculation (e.g. rent or cost of travel to work).
               | However, I can see how that could eventually lead to the
               | truism becoming _" If the penalty for a crime is an
               | income-ratio fine, then that law only exists for the
               | middle class, and not for the lower or upper class"_
               | which would be... interesting.
        
               | ambentzen wrote:
               | Here in Denmark fines for drunk driving, driving while
               | influenced by drugs, and driving while your license is
               | suspended is income dependent. The exact fine is also
               | dependent on your blood toxicity levels. And if you are
               | under 18 or have a low income you can get half off the
               | fine.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | I've often wondered whether penalties should target
               | reputation more than they do, which would affect all
               | classes of criminal including upper class. For example,
               | as part of the sentence for violent crimes, the
               | government could mail official press releases about the
               | crime to all households in the area periodically for a
               | certain amount of time after the conviction, or put up
               | signs, at the criminal's expense (with a government cost-
               | sharing for poorer criminals beyond whatever cost society
               | would view appropriate to fine them - but mail and
               | signage aren't that expensive). And companies convicted
               | of a crime might have to fund government notifications of
               | their crime to their customers and store/office visitors.
               | 
               | Details might need tweaking, but a version of this could
               | really work.
        
               | surfsvammel wrote:
               | I see what you are getting at. Do you think it could go a
               | bit overboard though? That it makes people kind of take
               | the law into their own hands?
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | There's a risk of that, yes. As I said, the details need
               | tweaking. It would be especially helpful for wealthy,
               | powerful, and/or corporate criminals who are probably
               | paying for good private security regardless of their
               | criminal record/sentence or lack thereof.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | I do believe that the shame-feeling part of society is
               | generally less likely to commit crimes. That is, it would
               | work on them, but it wouldn't work on someone who does
               | not care what their neighbors think of them.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | A lot of companies and businesspeople care what their
               | customers and the general public think, at least.
        
               | LeanderK wrote:
               | or teenagers/young adults in a rebellious state of mind.
               | If you like to provoke and your circle of friends feels
               | the same then you're not shamed.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | When it comes to civil litigation, the poor and insolvent
               | are already often considered judgment-proof [1]. So you
               | could say we already have a little of that "laws exist
               | only for the middle class" scenario.
               | 
               | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment_proof
        
               | dmingod666 wrote:
               | Devils advocate: Someone with a yatch can have someone
               | 'who barely makes ends meet' to do the dirty work, pay
               | the now lowered fine. Payoff the poor guy and be done
               | with it.
        
               | Chris2048 wrote:
               | Sure, but if you have nothing you can't make amends for
               | damages either.
        
         | dthul wrote:
         | I haven't heard that name in quite some time! I remember
         | receiving a relatively pissed off email from him in response to
         | an interview request quite a few years ago. I guess the lasting
         | negative impression I got of him from that exchange is not
         | totally unfounded.
        
           | wirrbel wrote:
           | A friend worked backstage and he has not-so-fond memories of
           | Smudo. Large ego and a tendency to let people feel that he
           | thinks he is a star.
        
         | durnygbur wrote:
         | Gimme fuel, gimme fire, gimme monay I desire!
        
         | ganafagol wrote:
         | Well, it's a pandemic. Gotta break some rules to save the
         | world. /s
        
           | ganafagol wrote:
           | I recommend all the downvoters to look up "/s".
        
             | andybak wrote:
             | Maybe it's the sarcastic inverted interpretation that is
             | being downvoted?
        
               | richrichardsson wrote:
               | Or perhaps that the comment adds nothing to the
               | conversation?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | I would disagree. I remember for example how the
               | discussion was about how the various pharma companies
               | make lots of private money with the vaccines, but did
               | receive generous government funding - and how the
               | comment, also here on HN was: whatever, as long as the
               | pandemie stops. And we are talking about a Corona app
               | here.
               | 
               | So I think the sarcarsm was valid ... but probably not
               | the whole discussion about
        
               | zeepzeep wrote:
               | I downvoted because I hate the use of /s
        
               | ganafagol wrote:
               | How would you recommend to indicate sarcasm in the
               | absence of nonverbal cues which a written medium
               | necessarily entails?
        
               | 1000mA wrote:
               | I just downvoted your life because I don't like it.
        
       | akamhy wrote:
       | de : https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca_(App)
       | 
       | en :
       | https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=https:/...
        
       | skocznymroczny wrote:
       | Interesting that people willingly install and there is a demand
       | for a tracking application on their phones.
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | I don't know LUCA app, but the CoronaWarnApp[1] is not a
         | "tracking application".
         | 
         | > The architecture follows a decentralized approach - based on
         | the DP-3T and TCN protocols, as well as the Privacy-Preserving
         | Contact Tracing specifications by Apple and Google.
         | 
         | Many, if not most, Corona "tracers" (note, the missing K) at
         | least in Europe, work similar, if only because both Apple's iOS
         | and Googles Android require such an architecture in order for
         | those tracing apps to stay online and stay tracing.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.coronawarn.app/en/
        
       | Schampu wrote:
       | Regarding Germany's official Corona tracing app (not the of this
       | post), by the end of last year there was a discussion about
       | collecting movement data of the app users [0]. The discussion was
       | part of the "German Infection Protection Act", resulted in public
       | protests and in the end got declined. I wonder what the state of
       | this is in other countries?
       | 
       | [0] https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-
       | reacti...
        
       | eurasiantiger wrote:
       | The author now has a moral obligation to set up a charity for
       | open source development.
        
       | atVelocet wrote:
       | So when does this app get banned from the Google Play Store and
       | Apple App Store? They clearly violate some terms of service... if
       | legit apps get banned then why not this behaviour?
        
         | rkachowski wrote:
         | I think even Google and Apple would have to think twice about
         | banning a state sponsored COVID-19 tracking app.
        
           | RamblingCTO wrote:
           | It's not the official German contact tracing app. It's a
           | private app. See replies to the top comment for more details.
        
       | nvoid wrote:
       | I have never used a contact tracing app before. I never leave the
       | house with my phone, and when I arrive at the pub, I get funny
       | looks when I say I can't scan their barcode because I don't have
       | a phone. This pandemic is just further enforcing the idea that
       | you need a phone to operate in this world...
        
       | idownvoted wrote:
       | Here's a quick way to sweep this story under the rug:
       | 
       | Both CEOs of the company "Culture4Life GmbH" are politically well
       | connected in Berlin. One is a clubowner, frequently in talks with
       | government for tax-exemptions (eg. you pay less tax if you've
       | employ a DJ...). The other one is a member of the Green party.
       | 
       | And we all know: Anyone who critcizes the left-wing sphere of
       | Berlin is nothing but a racist. So there comes the rug.
       | 
       | EDIT: Also, the former CEO of said company is a lawyer with a
       | reputation [1] whose main business partner is the ex-ceo of
       | "Service und Dienstleistungen der ver.di GmbH", a temp-staffing
       | agency run by Germany's biggest Union. Man... nothing to see
       | here!
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.agrarzeitung.de/nachrichten/agrarspitzen/Maerche...
        
         | solarkraft wrote:
         | It's unfortunate the comment is inflammatory, the information
         | contained is valuable.
        
           | idownvoted wrote:
           | So I'm being inflammatory because I mention it's the Green
           | Party and other Berlin leftists that are being involved?
           | 
           | It's not my fault that under the guise of being _the_ force
           | of good, of being _the_ moral highground itself, of being
           | pampered by decades of softball questions from nearly the
           | whole of German Journalism, curruption can flourish.
           | 
           | It can do so even better if adherends of Berlin progressivism
           | are being nurtured in the belief that, and opponents of
           | Berlin progressivism are being threatened with that, every
           | criticism of the left is guilty by association: Tin-Foil-Hat
           | > Right-Wing > Nazi.
           | 
           | Just look at the FB profile of one their CEOs... full of
           | "Nazis everwhere". It's the modern day.
        
             | solarkraft wrote:
             | No, it's because of this:
             | 
             | > And we all know: Anyone who critcizes the left-wing
             | sphere of Berlin is nothing but a racist. So there comes
             | the rug.
             | 
             | which distracts from the valuable rest of your comment.
             | 
             | I do this myself sometimes and have noticed that it usually
             | steers the discussion away from the subject matter.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | Is it copyright infringement or breach of license agreement?
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | IANAL, but since most software licences work because of
         | Copyrights, I suspect "both": as in: it is a copyright
         | infringement, which is how you can enforce the licence
         | agreement to be followed.
        
       | turblety wrote:
       | Maybe I don't know the full story, but from reading this post and
       | the comments it's a shame how peoples attitudes are towards this.
       | 
       | When people violate the GPL, it's most likely due to ignorance.
       | 
       | I really think we should encourage and act positively when
       | commercial/corporate/enterprise crap opens up their source code.
       | 
       | When we find a GPL (or any license violation), why can't we
       | approach it politely (in the first case), educate on the license
       | terms and ask them to comply.
       | 
       | In this case, it's seems that's what happened. We notified,
       | educated and they complied. Shouldn't this be rewarded and hailed
       | as a success?
       | 
       | But now my worry is, with the amount of hate these guys received,
       | other companies that are already worried about opening up their
       | codebase and contributing back to OSS, have had their fears
       | confirmed.
        
         | JCWasmx86 wrote:
         | >I really think we should encourage and act positively when
         | commercial/corporate/enterprise crap opens up their source
         | code.
         | 
         | This is true.
         | 
         | >When we find a GPL (or any license violation), why can't we
         | approach it politely (in the first case), educate on the
         | license terms and ask them to comply.
         | 
         | I partially agree, but those companies often have an army of
         | lawyers. It shouldn't be the responsibility of the internet to
         | find GPL/license-violations in their code.
         | 
         | >But now my worry is, with the amount of hate these guys
         | received, other companies that are already worried about
         | opening up their codebase and contributing back to OSS, have
         | had their fears confirmed.
         | 
         | Hate is too strong. It's more criticism.
        
         | luckylion wrote:
         | > When people violate the GPL, it's most likely due to
         | ignorance.
         | 
         | "OH, hey, a licence file. Let me delete that, I don't want to
         | be bound bit it".
         | 
         | > When we find a GPL (or any license violation), why can't we
         | approach it politely (in the first case), educate on the
         | license terms and ask them to comply.
         | 
         | That was done, wasn't it? It was pointed out to the
         | rightsholder that this commercial company was selling a product
         | that included his code and were not complying with the licence.
         | 
         | > But now my worry is, with the amount of hate these guys
         | received, other companies that are already worried about
         | opening up their codebase and contributing back to OSS, have
         | had their fears confirmed.
         | 
         | They can sometimes pay for separate licensing, or they can
         | spend the money and write the software themselves. They want to
         | keep it closed source and earn money by selling licenses (oh,
         | the irony!) but shouldn't be called out when they violate
         | other's rights because it might deter other violators? meh, I'm
         | not buying it.
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | That is true, but I feel like we should apply different levels
         | of scrutiny to some small project and an app developed by
         | people with close ties to government officials who received
         | literally millions of Euros in public funding to develop and
         | license this app.
         | 
         | This isn't even a GPL violation as the code in question was
         | licensed under a BSD license. They simply removed the original
         | copyright notice, which may have been a genuine accident caused
         | by misconfigured tooling (especially since someone mentioned
         | they changed the formatting).
         | 
         | The reason people are outraged is entirely that this is a
         | publicly funded multi-million Euro project that is already
         | facing accusations of corruption/nepotism and tried to open-
         | source wash a proprietary product (as the app wasn't even
         | published under an open-source license at the time). You can't
         | really point at this incident and derive a general point about
         | "people's attitudes towards violating the GPL".
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | I am not familiar enough with BSD, but would it not be a
           | licence breach, when you alter libraries with a BSD licence
           | and redistribute those in a closed-source app?
           | 
           | At least with GPL that would most likely be the case.
           | 
           | If so, regardless of their "accidental tooling removing the
           | copyright notice", they would be violating that copyright.
           | 
           | Also, IANAL.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | Oh, I'm not saying what they did wasn't illegal (tho IANAL,
             | so I can't say whether this would indeed be considered
             | copyright infringement and warrant damages in Germany). I'm
             | just saying that forgetting that your autoformatter strips
             | license comments when you copy permissively licensed third-
             | party code into your codebase is a different level of
             | impolite than using copyleft licensed third-party code with
             | no intention to adhere to the copyleft restriction.
        
         | andor wrote:
         | Completely agree, they were hit by an angry mob of unthankful
         | people.
         | 
         | I think most in the mob are aware that their reaction is
         | overblown. The list of OSS licenses is usually buried deep
         | inside the docs and few ever read it. Luca made themselves
         | vulnerable by opening up their code and the mob is using this
         | weakness to attack them.
         | 
         | It's really about not wanting this app to succeed, because they
         | are making good money and because there are valid privacy
         | concerns. Maybe Luca should not be widely used, but then the
         | politicians who bought it are at fault, not the developers.
         | Also nobody is forced to install it.
         | 
         | Then there's the complaint about Luca's license. They open up
         | their codebase and people complain that the license is _not
         | free enough_? Mind blown, try that with any large company and
         | see how far you get. Microsoft, give me your Office source
         | code, or... I 'll write an angry tweet!
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | it was BSD not GPL
        
       | durnygbur wrote:
       | German lawyers are ecstatic over copyright issues. Soon they will
       | form human centipede and demand 1000 EUR from everyone whose
       | address they'll put their hands on.
        
         | atoav wrote:
         | I highly doubt it as this is about a commercial app infringing
         | on the copyright of a small open source developer.
         | 
         | They will only send letters to people who cannot defend
         | themselves.
        
           | dx034 wrote:
           | No, they also like to do that with large companies. A few
           | hundred EUR damage is too low for most companies to care much
           | about it.
           | 
           | If the open source developer hires a lawyer I'm sure they'd
           | be happy to make them some money. I wouldn't be surprised if
           | they already got contacted. There are a lot of German lawyers
           | out there looking for "victims" to sue on their behalf.
        
             | corty wrote:
             | Yes, but even with companies, preferrably small ones. The
             | ones who don't have a lawyer on payroll who handles such
             | threats between second coffee and first lunch. Such that
             | paying the demands is cheaper than hiring a lawyer.
        
         | heckerhut wrote:
         | ROFL
        
       | ramboldio wrote:
       | For context:
       | 
       | - We are talking about a file of 200 lines of code.
       | 
       | - It's replaceable functionality that isn't exactly rocket
       | science.
       | 
       | - The issue was fixed within a few hours.
       | 
       | [Edit: replaced "error" with "issue" to avoid implicit judgement
       | and establish a common baseline]
        
         | da_big_ghey wrote:
         | When I was taking schooling at university a person was busted
         | for 5 lines of code.
        
         | atVelocet wrote:
         | For context: This doesn't matter.
         | 
         | Also it's a shame that there is no code to the rest (like
         | backend) of this System.
         | 
         | I am totally fine judging something even for minor things when
         | it was paid by tax money and it holds sensible data.
        
         | nevi-me wrote:
         | Is taking someone's code, be it small, and deliberately
         | removing the attribution; an error?
        
           | reader_mode wrote:
           | Likely. Why is everyone acting like this is some high
           | conspiracy or even blaming the entire project - this was
           | probably some lazy dev that didn't want to deal with the
           | hassle of including the licence and just copy pasted the
           | class. I used to do this when I was learning to code, I often
           | reimplemented stuff already available for learning and would
           | just copy paste large chunks. I didn't publish any work back
           | then and I realised it was a bad habit because I didn't know
           | what the code does - but I get where it comes from.
           | 
           | It was fixed and nobody was harmed.
           | 
           | The outrage in GH issues is ridiculous.
        
             | ramboldio wrote:
             | I also don't get where the outrage is coming from. Some
             | mailinglist?
        
               | tastroder wrote:
               | Mostly general distrust in the project by the German tech
               | scene on Twitter.
               | 
               | Their marketing comes with weird "trust us" vibe and the
               | German tech scene went through these conversations
               | already with the concept of the official app.
               | 
               | Add to that their attempts at transparency which are
               | often a little too late and vague, and you have internet
               | outrage. (With this release for example people were
               | expecting to see server-side code, not that of the
               | Android app everybody could already find in the apk).
        
               | junon wrote:
               | Germans hate "trust us" mentalities anyway. That's why
               | Google Street View is exceedingly rare here.
        
             | rostigerpudel wrote:
             | People see this as an act of either carelessness or
             | malevolence which both is unacceptable in an application
             | that collects and stores very personal data on a large
             | scale.
        
               | drstewart wrote:
               | I see. Can you talk a bit more about the review process
               | where you work to ensure no unlicensed code is committed?
               | I assume there's either an automatic or manual, rigorous
               | process that's followed.
        
               | reader_mode wrote:
               | I think you have unrealistic expectations of applications
               | developed for public sector - I'm usually surprised if
               | they do core of intended functionality correctly.
        
               | BubuIIC wrote:
               | This isn't a project developed for the public sector
               | really. Afaik it's a privately funded, for profit,
               | product that has been licensed by several states in
               | Germany by now.
               | 
               | Apart from that the official (indeed publicly funded)
               | Corona-Warn-App did a _much_ better job at this. (They
               | actually did follow all the recent best practices in
               | software-develoment + it 's (mostly) run as a free
               | software project, taking community contributions
               | seriously, reacting to feedback and issues, etc.)
        
               | reader_mode wrote:
               | Sounds like a contractor developing something that gets
               | paid with public money.
        
               | vangelis wrote:
               | I've had pleasant experiences with applications developed
               | by the public sector. It's the consulting companies that
               | are no good. Look at 18F.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | You as a learner copypasting code isn't itself the problem.
             | The problem is that this is a published, copyrighted work
             | that has been included into another published, copyrighted
             | work without adherence to license terms.
             | 
             | If I had copied Culture4Life's code and used it in my own
             | project, they would be suing for tens of thousands of
             | dollars in damages; and the law would agree that I should
             | have to pay tens of thousands of dollars in damages for
             | that infringement. Asking for attribution and a proper
             | license declaration is the _polite_ way to handle a license
             | violation.
        
             | yarcob wrote:
             | > Why is everyone acting like this is some high conspiracy
             | 
             | Because everyone here is a coder and puts a lot of effort
             | into their work, and doesn't want it get stolen.
             | 
             | We put a lot of effort into the Open Source projects we
             | publish. Some of us are very generous and publish things to
             | the public domain, but most of us at least want attribution
             | for our work.
             | 
             | If you copy & paste code, strip the license, claim it's
             | your code, and sell it for money, we consider you the scum
             | of the earth. That's just not something that decent people
             | do.
             | 
             | It could be an error; a junior dev may not know that just
             | copy/pasting code from google search results is generally
             | not allowed. But it's really something that everyone in our
             | profession should know.
             | 
             | Just like a musician is expected to know that they need
             | clearance for samples, or journalists know they need
             | permission for publishing a photo, a programmer is expected
             | to know that they need a license for reusing other people's
             | code.
        
               | reader_mode wrote:
               | >If you copy & paste code, strip the license, claim it's
               | your code, and sell it for money, we consider you the
               | scum of the earth. That's just not something that decent
               | people do.
               | 
               | Meh - I'd speculate it's a result of an underpaid coder
               | with too much work - I've seen these kinds of projects
               | before - people with connections in the public sector get
               | the contract and then basically hire the lowest cost
               | developers available.
               | 
               | > Just like a musician is expected to know that they need
               | clearance for samples, or journalists know they need
               | permission for publishing a photo, a programmer is
               | expected to know that they need a license for reusing
               | other people's code.
               | 
               | And yet those get violated all the time, even in big time
               | publications and by big time artists.
               | 
               | I'm not defending the guy who did it - he did something
               | wrong, but they corrected it and malice attributed to
               | project seems misplaced.
               | 
               | On the flip side I think this could be handled better
               | industry wide - like we already have security
               | vulnerability scanning tools bundled with major code
               | hosting platforms, they should probably figure out a way
               | to do copyright infringement warnings .
        
             | xbar wrote:
             | No excuses to fail to meet the rules of OSS. None.
        
       | TrueTom wrote:
       | Clarification: This isn't the official German contact tracing
       | app.
        
         | Tomte wrote:
         | This is an official tracing app in several states in Germany,
         | and probably soon in all of Germany.
         | 
         | You're talking about the older Corona Warn App which does
         | similar things (and is generally considered too limited), but
         | without direct data transfer to public health authorities.
         | That's what the Luca app does.
         | 
         | Warn App is more for chance encounters tracking a person
         | meeting other people.
         | 
         | Luca is more for checking in and out of stores and other
         | locations.
         | 
         | [Edit: I stand by every single word, in case people doubt it.]
        
           | makepanic wrote:
           | The cwa app will support event registration in the next
           | version too.
           | 
           | See https://github.com/corona-warn-app/cwa-
           | documentation/blob/ma... for details on how they do it.
        
             | zeepzeep wrote:
             | They always said they could have easily integrated Luca
             | like features but no, ofc we need to pick the option with
             | millions of marketing money behind it instead of waiting
             | for a privacy focused version.
        
               | dorgo wrote:
               | Afaik, privacy focused version is not possible without
               | changing legislation. All apps would do check-ins
               | anonymous if not for legislation.
        
           | onli wrote:
           | Luca is a cash grab, and maybe more sinister. Since the CWA -
           | the official contact tracing app - switched to not collecting
           | a central database that could be misused we have conservative
           | politicians firing against it. "We give too much importance
           | to data privacy", of course without being able to mention a
           | single feature that the privacy protecting app is missing.
           | Now Luca arrived, with some semi-prominent advocates, and you
           | see conservative politicians shoving millions into that
           | abomination of proprietary, data collecting and now evidently
           | copyright infringing garbage.
           | 
           | It is as if a certain political class had this dream scenario
           | of a new location registry of every move of the population.
           | That they did not get via the CWA app, and since then they
           | attack it. But Luca could create it.
           | 
           | Don't forget: This is Germany. Very low corruption at the
           | lower level of society (you will never see a bribe in
           | everyday life) and the basic organisation of the country
           | seems competent. Incredible high amount of corruption and
           | incompetence in the higher spheres - Wirecard, Cum Ex, Kohls
           | schwarze Kassen, the governing party (CDU) currently has a
           | scandal about members gaining millions via corruption when
           | organising FFP2 masks, the country completely failed to
           | contain Covid after the first more or less successful
           | lockdown. Luca fits right in.
        
             | durnygbur wrote:
             | > dream scenario of a new location registry of every move
             | of the population
             | 
             | Not only politicians, I assume entities like
             | Rundfunkbeitrag, Schufa, conuntless Inkasso will pay
             | fortune to access such data.
             | 
             | > Very low corruption at the lower level of society [...]
             | Incredible high amount of corruption and incompetence in
             | the higher spheres
             | 
             | This is incredibly shocking for an newcomer to Germany. One
             | swiftly hits the ceiling of 3-4k EUR net monthly and
             | mortgage of 400-600k EUR with nowhere else to go, while
             | watching enormous amounts of money being shuffled, fortunes
             | hidden in idyllic villages, faceless dynasties owning
             | chunks of industries, >1mln EUR apartments being purchased.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | > Rundfunkbeitrag
               | 
               | They already get your location (edit: I mean address
               | here) when you register to the local administration
               | (Anmeldebescheinigung).
        
               | rkachowski wrote:
               | They somehow get this before Anmeldung, I lived in my
               | apartment for 2 years before officially registering and
               | received Rundfunkbeitrag letters + frivoulous copyright
               | infringement notices (from a previous apartment).
        
               | durnygbur wrote:
               | > 2 years before officially registering and received
               | Rundfunkbeitrag letters + frivoulous copyright
               | infringement notices
               | 
               | This plus Jehovah Witnesses who stalk intercom labels and
               | decide that you are a perfect (victim) fit for their
               | "community", and you have the full German experience.
               | Copyright bullies, debt collection predators, religious
               | lunatics.
        
               | zeepzeep wrote:
               | Address != location.
               | 
               | My address is no secret, where I was last friday night
               | (and tuesday morning) is.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Sure, but the Rundfunkbeitrag has no need for your
               | current location, they just need to know which apartment
               | you're registered at.
        
               | durnygbur wrote:
               | If they decide that you don't pay the license fee
               | (doesn't matter if you really do), your live location
               | will be beyond useful. They absolutely have the budget to
               | implement the most invasive and abusive debt collection
               | solution.
        
               | avh02 wrote:
               | if they wanted to do that they'd probably have found
               | another solution already through google's data at the
               | very least. Probably apple/FB as well. Plus cell phone
               | service providers.
               | 
               | I don't know why this new thing is your choice of how
               | they'd get the data other than it being probably run as
               | effectively as parler (edit: no data - gut feeling).
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | > (you will never see a bribe in everyday life)
             | 
             | That's not true, you can see lot of small bribes in normal
             | day-to-day transactions. Almost every single technician I
             | met (for internet installation, electricity, washing
             | machine installation, etc. Even insurance brokers) offered
             | me to pay them cash directly to get some benefits or
             | falsify some recorded data.
        
               | Tomte wrote:
               | You run in strange circles. I have never ever experienced
               | such a thing. What benefits do they offer? A faster
               | appointment?
               | 
               | Cash in order to avoid taxes, sure, that happens, but
               | again: it's not common. Almost always I simply get a
               | paper bill, without any attempt to skirt that.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | > You run in strange circles.
               | 
               | It's not about me, I live a perfectly normal, boring
               | life. I'm not the one asking for bribes, and I always
               | rejected them (I'm way too paranoid regarding regulations
               | to accept that kind of stuff).
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | chefkoch wrote:
               | I'm born here and lived here all my life and this has
               | never happened to me.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | Same for the first two, but not the last. It's somewhat
               | common for craftsmen to work "off the books" on smaller
               | private contracts. It's a trade-off because obviously
               | it's hard to claim liability when you have no proof they
               | even worked on it and no contract specifying the work to
               | be done. It's even more common in larger construction
               | projects.
               | 
               | Unreported work/income is estimated at about 10% of GDP: 
               | https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/20063/umfr
               | age...
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | That's not too surprising IMHO, I would expect this to be
               | more visible to foreigners. I myself have never seen any
               | type of low-level corruption in my home country but I
               | learnt that also happens quite often, it's just not too
               | visible if you don't know where to look at.
               | 
               | I'm not from Germany, and do have a foreign name, I guess
               | that may play a role.
        
               | Tomte wrote:
               | > I would expect this to be more visible to foreigners.
               | 
               | That's a good point I hadn't considered.
        
               | tormeh wrote:
               | Some handymen tried to double charge me, in cash of
               | course, but that's the only thing I've experienced. The
               | stats say 20% of Germans report having been asked for a
               | bribe at some point in their lives. That's not great, but
               | not terrible either.
        
               | nyir wrote:
               | Source for the 20%? Anecdotally I've never heard anyone
               | being asked for one, other corrupt behaviour though for
               | sure, things regarding land ownership, or zoning
               | violations.
        
               | chefkoch wrote:
               | I wouldn't call this corruption, this sounds more like
               | some one tried to fuck you over.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | I mean, accepting a bribe or offering one is a way to
               | fuck someone over.
               | 
               | But it's not "you have to pay more". More like "just so
               | you know, I have access to this internal tool, you pay me
               | now and this thing that isn't supposed to be possible due
               | to your situation is now done".
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Most common bribes I see is when I go to some countries
               | and I am expected to pay an undisclosed fee to get better
               | service. My anti-bribery training mentioned how these are
               | often quite normal, and dressed up in terms like
               | "facilitation fee", or "tip", but that if I were to pay
               | such a fee I'd be breaking UK law.
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | Interesting! So you can't tip restaurant servers legally?
               | Most point of sale machines for restaurants ask you to
               | select a tip from a list of several standard optiins that
               | usually puts 20% in the middle to make it seem normal,
               | and like 15% is reserved as a mild complaint. So its not
               | exactly undiaclosed, you can guess pretty well what it
               | will be.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | The UK act says I (P) committe an offence if
               | 
               | (a)P offers, promises or gives a financial or other
               | advantage to another person, and (b)P intends the
               | advantage-- (i)to induce a person to perform improperly a
               | relevant function or activity, or (ii)to reward a person
               | for the improper performance of such a function or
               | activity.
               | 
               | The definition of improper broadly boils down to
               | 
               | > the test of what is expected is a test of what a
               | reasonable person in the United Kingdom would expect in
               | relation to the performance of the type of function or
               | activity concerned.
               | 
               | Tipping at starbucks, or tipping a barman, or tipping a
               | hotel member holding open a door, is certainly not what a
               | reasonable person in the United Kingdom would expect.
               | 
               | "Tipping" is quite normal in the US. "Tipping" is quite
               | normal in many African countries too. If you don't tip,
               | you'll struggle to get any service (when you're running a
               | project or whatever). It's a whole can of worms when
               | normal activities in a country require a small payment.
               | 
               | Note also that if I tell my local project manager to make
               | it happen, I'm on the hook for it if he "bribes" someone
               | just as much as if I did it myself.
               | 
               | I'm sure the intent of the law is to prevent UK citizens
               | from paying money to bypass bureaucracy (I had a very
               | painful process importing some equipment at an airport
               | once, they did not want to give me a receipt for the
               | $1500 I wanted (and was supposed to) pay, they just
               | wanted $50 to waive me through, or to stop me from paying
               | an official $200k to let me build a pipe through a
               | village, or whatever.
               | 
               | However it also means it's harder to make their project
               | run smoothly in Guatemala ("Oh yes you can unload your
               | lorry of course, this paperwork seems fine, but
               | unfortunatly I need to check with my manager and he's
               | currently out of town for 3 days. _cough_. "), and means
               | that you'll be subjected to a lengthy search at an
               | airport (just long enough to miss your flight) for no
               | reason unless you donate to their orphan fund or
               | whatever.
               | 
               | I struggle to see the difference between that (which
               | wouldn't be the case in the UK) and tipping a postman
               | (which again I've never seen in the UK). The former I
               | assume is illegal, the latter not, but it's not clear.
               | 
               | By enshrining English exceptionalism in UK law does seems
               | rather off to me -- basically "treat all countries as if
               | they were Britain, salute the Queen, and up the East
               | India Company"
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | Does it matter that the tip is given after the service
               | insteaf of before? My kids yoga teacher has a "pay what
               | you can or what it is worth to you" scale so
               | disadvantaged kids can come. I think of tips kind of like
               | that.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | No, it's both again induce (i.e before) and reward (i.e.
               | after)
               | 
               | It comes down to the definition of "improper".
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | Er... do you mean offering to work "off the record"
               | without paying taxes for it ("Schwarzarbeit")? That't tax
               | evasion, not corruption, but yeah, that's pretty common,
               | even in Germany.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | No, I mean someone offering you to give them some cash to
               | ignore some rules (or not report what they should), or to
               | actually change recorded data in a way that benefits you.
               | A clear case: insurance brokers who offer you to change
               | some records so that you can get a private insurance in
               | cases where you shouldn't.
        
               | notagoodidea wrote:
               | That's interesting that in German, Dutch and French we
               | will talk about "black work" (schwarzarbeit (DE), travail
               | au noir (FR), zwart werk (NL)) meaning
               | undeclared/unreported work.
               | 
               | I see multiple probable origins on the net : - Coming for
               | the german "schwarzarbeit" during end of 1st, in-between
               | or during the occupation during 2nd WW and translated in
               | French/Dutch from there. - Patron making employees works
               | during the evening/night during the Middle albeit work
               | was restricted only during day time.
               | 
               | I did not really find authoritative sources for the
               | origin of the expression so take that whole bag of salt.
        
               | consp wrote:
               | AFAIK you are correct. Before the first world war
               | taxation was different in most of those countries and
               | work was not taxed directly at all otherwise only in war
               | years (i.e. the first world war) so the meaning is new.
               | There was no need for a word for something which did not
               | exist.
        
           | locallost wrote:
           | I don't know why you're getting downvoted. Where I live, they
           | recently said they will open shops for a couple of days, and
           | you can get in if either 1) you received a vaccine 2) you use
           | the "Luca" app
           | 
           | so it doesn't matter who developed it, it's being used as an
           | official app (at least in some places).
        
             | estaseuropano wrote:
             | Matters in that its not the government but a private
             | company violating copyright.
        
               | Tomte wrote:
               | The other "official app" ("Corona Warn App") is also not
               | developed by the government or any government-employed
               | developers. That distinction is no distinction.
               | 
               | "Official" means that the government has adopted it and
               | given it a special status.
               | 
               | The federal government and state governments have
               | endorsed the Corona Warn App. No special privileges in
               | lockdown are connected to it. No special use by public
               | health authorities is made of it.
               | 
               | Several state governments and municipal government have
               | endorsed (and bought licenses to!) the Luca app. Special
               | privileges in lockdown are connected with it, not
               | everywhere, but in many places. Public health authorities
               | are directly connected to Luca's servers.
               | 
               | If anything, the Luca app is more official than Corona
               | Warn App where it's in use (several German states), and
               | poised to become more important as more states introduce
               | it.
        
               | realityking wrote:
               | There is a big difference between commissioning a product
               | (work for hire) and buying a product that has been
               | already developed.
               | 
               | The federal government actually owns the IP of the Corona
               | Warn App. Luca is merely licensed by various state and
               | local governments. You can't expect the buyer of a
               | software to assume responsibility for copyright
               | violations. It's like blaming someone for a
               | (hypothetical) copyright violation in Windows because
               | they sell a server that has Windows pre-installed.
        
               | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
               | >>> You can't expect the buyer of a software to assume
               | responsibility for copyright violations
               | 
               | Yes you can. Certainly true in the US. Liability depends
               | on state law and in how the contract is written. If the
               | buyer did not specifically make that carve out, a judge
               | may end up deciding.
               | 
               | If the seller specifically carved that in, the buyer can
               | be liable too (along with the seller).
               | 
               | This is why most government entities are difficult to
               | contract with. They have buyers that insist in specific
               | contract language. Govt entities have templates
               | preapproved by lawyers to prevent this sort of thing
               | coming back to haunt them. So if you want to do business
               | with the govt, that's the hoops you will need to jump
               | over.
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | The app (Luca) that allegedly copied code from the linked one
         | is used officially in some places in Germany (or at least some
         | states/cities bought it, not sure how much actual use there is
         | yet). It is not the main app for contact tracing (CWA).
        
       | FabHK wrote:
       | The security white paper of that luca app is available in
       | English, if someone wants to have a look:
       | 
       | https://luca-app.de/securityconcept/intro/intro.html
        
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